1
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Nelli M, Kuka M. The dual nature of T DC - bridging dendritic and T cells in immunity. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39118296 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
TDC are hematopoietic cells with unique features that provide intriguing insights into the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. They express a combination of conventional dendritic cell (DC) and T-cell markers and are found in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), lungs and liver of naïve mice, as well as in human blood. When analyzed ex vivo, TDC can behave either as DCs or as T cells, depending on the provided stimuli. Notably, TDC numbers and activation significantly increase in SLOs following viral infection, suggesting a potential role for TDC in antiviral immune responses. In this review, we discuss the properties of these fascinating cells, which call for more investigation on their physiological role during immune responses to both pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirela Kuka
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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2
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Koenig MR, Vazquez J, Leyva Jaimes FB, Mitzey AM, Stanic AK, Golos TG. Decidual leukocytes respond to African lineage Zika virus infection with mild anti-inflammatory changes during acute infection in rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363169. [PMID: 38515747 PMCID: PMC10954895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can be vertically transmitted during pregnancy resulting in a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The decidua is commonly found to be infected by ZIKV, yet the acute immune response to infection remains understudied in vivo. We hypothesized that in vivo African-lineage ZIKV infection induces a pro-inflammatory response in the decidua. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the decidua in pregnant rhesus macaques within the first two weeks following infection with an African-lineage ZIKV and compared our findings to gestationally aged-matched controls. Decidual leukocytes were phenotypically evaluated using spectral flow cytometry, and cytokines and chemokines were measured in tissue homogenates from the decidua, placenta, and fetal membranes. The results of this study did not support our hypothesis. Although ZIKV RNA was detected in the decidual tissue samples from all ZIKV infected dams, phenotypic changes in decidual leukocytes and differences in cytokine profiles suggest that the decidua undergoes mild anti-inflammatory changes in response to that infection. Our findings emphasize the immunological state of the gravid uterus as a relatively immune privileged site that prioritizes tolerance of the fetus over mounting a pro-inflammatory response to clear infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Koenig
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fernanda B. Leyva Jaimes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ann M. Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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3
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Lothert PK, Fedyshyn B, Girard S, Chakraborty R, Norgan AP, Enninga EAL. Spatial proteomics reveals phenotypic and functional differences in T cell and macrophage subsets during villitis of unknown etiology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:914. [PMID: 38195710 PMCID: PMC10776790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is a prevalent inflammatory pathology of the placenta characterized by infiltration of maternal T cells and accumulation of fetal macrophages into chorionic villi. VUE is associated with a variety of adverse clinical outcomes, including fetal growth restriction and fetal demise. Evaluation of the phenotypic and functional differences between two immune cell types associated with this pathology, namely T cells and macrophages, was completed to gain a deeper understanding of the immuno-pathogenesis of VUE. GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling was performed on placental tissue from 4 high grade VUE cases and 4 controls with no underlying pathology. Placental tissues were fluorescently labeled with CD3 and CD68 antibodies and oligo-conjugated antibodies against 48 protein targets. Overall, T cells in VUE exhibited upregulated markers of activation, memory, and antigen experience compared to controls and were altered based on placental location (villi vs. decidua). Additionally, villous macrophages in VUE upregulated costimulatory and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules compared to controls and macrophage subtypes in the decidua. Data herein provides new mechanistic insights into T cell and macrophage biology in VUE which contribute to this abnormal immune response to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra K Lothert
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bohdana Fedyshyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sylvie Girard
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew P Norgan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ann L Enninga
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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4
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Pervizaj-Oruqaj L, Selvakumar B, Ferrero MR, Heiner M, Malainou C, Glaser RD, Wilhelm J, Bartkuhn M, Weiss A, Alexopoulos I, Witte B, Gattenlöhner S, Vadász I, Morty RE, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Herold S. Alveolar macrophage-expressed Plet1 is a driver of lung epithelial repair after viral pneumonia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:87. [PMID: 38167746 PMCID: PMC10761876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection mobilizes bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) that gradually undergo transition to tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AM) in the inflamed lung. Combining high-dimensional single-cell transcriptomics with complex lung organoid modeling, in vivo adoptive cell transfer, and BMDM-specific gene targeting, we found that transitioning ("regenerative") BMDM and TR-AM highly express Placenta-expressed transcript 1 (Plet1). We reveal that Plet1 is released from alveolar macrophages, and acts as important mediator of macrophage-epithelial cross-talk during lung repair by inducing proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells and re-sealing of the epithelial barrier. Intratracheal administration of recombinant Plet1 early in the disease course attenuated viral lung injury and rescued mice from otherwise fatal disease, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Learta Pervizaj-Oruqaj
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Balachandar Selvakumar
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Monika Heiner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina Malainou
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf David Glaser
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Biruta Witte
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - István Vadász
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory Edward Morty
- Department of Translational Pulmonology and the Translational Lung Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana Ivonne Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- University of Bonn, Transdisciplinary Research Area Life and Health, Organoid Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.
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5
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Heger L, Heidkamp GF, Amon L, Nimmerjahn F, Bäuerle T, Maier A, Erber R, Hartmann A, Hack CC, Ruebner M, Huebner H, Fasching P, Beckmann MW, Dudziak D. Unbiased high-dimensional flow cytometry identified NK and DC immune cell signature in Luminal A-type and triple negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2023; 13:2296713. [PMID: 38170155 PMCID: PMC10761100 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and a highly heterogeneous disease. Four different subtypes are described that differ in the expression of hormone receptors as well as the growth factor receptor HER2. Treatment modalities and survival rate depend on the subtype of breast cancer. However, it is still not clear which patients benefit from immunotherapeutic approaches such as checkpoint blockade. Thus, we aimed to decipher the immune cell signature of the different breast cancer subtypes based on high-dimensional flow cytometry followed by unbiased approaches. Here, we show that the frequency of NK cells is reduced in Luminal A and B as well as triple negative breast cancer and that the phenotype of residual NK cells is changed toward regulatory CD11b-CD16- NK cells. Further, we found higher frequencies of PD-1+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in triple negative breast cancer. Moreover, while Luminal A-type breast cancer was enriched for CD14+ cDC2 (named type 3 DC (DC3)), CD14- cDC2 (named DC2) were more frequent in triple negative breast cancer. In contrast, HER2-enriched breast cancer did not show major alterations in the composition of the immune cell compartment in the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that patients with Luminal A- and B-type as well as triple negative breast cancer might benefit from immunotherapeutic approaches targeting NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gordon F. Heidkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Chair of Computer Science 5 (Pattern Recognition), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin C. Hack
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Fasching
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany Jena/Leipzig, Jena, Germany
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6
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Fiore A, Sala E, Laura C, Riba M, Nelli M, Fumagalli V, Oberrauch F, Mangione M, Cristofani C, Provero P, Iannacone M, Kuka M. A fluorescent reporter model for the visualization and characterization of T DC. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350529. [PMID: 37741290 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
TDC are hematopoietic cells that combine dendritic cell (DC) and conventional T-cell markers and functional properties. They were identified in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of naïve mice as cells expressing CD11c, major histocompatibility molecules (MHC)-II, and the T-cell receptor (TCR). Despite thorough characterization, a physiological role for TDC remains to be determined. Unfortunately, using CD11c as a marker for TDC has the caveat of its upregulation on different cells, including T cells, upon activation. Here, we took advantage of Zbtb46-GFP reporter mice to explore the frequency and localization of TDC in different tissues at steady state and upon viral infection. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that TDC sorted from Zbtb46-GFP mice have a gene signature that is distinct from conventional T cells and DC. In addition, this reporter model allowed for identification of TDC in situ not only in SLOs but also in the liver and lung of naïve mice. Interestingly, we found that TDC numbers in the SLOs increased upon viral infection, suggesting that TDC might play a role during viral infections. In conclusion, we propose a visualization strategy that might shed light on the physiological role of TDC in several pathological contexts, including infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fiore
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sala
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Laura
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta Mangione
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristofani
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirela Kuka
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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7
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Zeng B, Moi D, Tolley L, Molotkov N, Frazer IH, Perry C, Dolcetti R, Mazzieri R, Cruz JLG. Skin-Grafting and Dendritic Cell "Boosted" Humanized Mouse Models Allow the Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Cells 2023; 12:2094. [PMID: 37626903 PMCID: PMC10453599 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been hailed as one of the most remarkable medical advancements in human history, and their potential for treating cancer by generating or expanding anti-tumor T cells has garnered significant interest in recent years. However, the limited efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines in clinical trials can be partially attributed to the inadequacy of current preclinical mouse models in recapitulating the complexities of the human immune system. In this study, we developed two innovative humanized mouse models to assess the immunogenicity and therapeutic effectiveness of vaccines targeting human papillomavirus (HPV16) antigens and delivering tumor antigens to human CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs). Both models were based on the transference of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunocompromised HLA-A*02-NSG mice (NSG-A2), where the use of fresh PBMCs boosted the engraftment of human cells up to 80%. The dynamics of immune cells in the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 mice demonstrated that T cells constituted the vast majority of engrafted cells, which progressively expanded over time and retained their responsiveness to ex vivo stimulation. Using the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 system, we generated a hyperplastic skin graft model expressing the HPV16-E7 oncogene. Remarkably, human cells populated the skin grafts, and upon vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding an HPV16-E6/E7 protein, rapid rejection targeted to the E7-expressing skin was detected, underscoring the capacity of the model to mount a vaccine-specific response. To overcome the decline in DC numbers observed over time in PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 animals, we augmented the abundance of CD141+ DCs, the specific targets of our tailored nanoemulsions (TNEs), by transferring additional autologous PBMCs pre-treated in vitro with the growth factor Flt3-L. The Flt3-L treatment bolstered CD141+ DC numbers, leading to potent antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo, which caused the regression of pre-established triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma tumors following CD141+ DC-targeting TNE vaccination. Notably, using HLA-A*02-matching PBMCs for humanizing NSG-A2 mice resulted in a delayed onset of graft-versus-host disease and enhanced the efficacy of the TNE vaccination compared with the parental NSG strain. In conclusion, we successfully established two humanized mouse models that exhibited strong antigen-specific responses and demonstrated tumor regression following vaccination. These models serve as valuable platforms for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting HPV16-dysplastic skin and diverse tumor antigens specifically delivered to CD141+ DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Zeng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Davide Moi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Lynn Tolley
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Natalie Molotkov
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian Hector Frazer
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jazmina L. G. Cruz
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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8
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Fessler K, Gordy JT, Sandhu AK, Hui Y, Kapoor AR, Ayeh SK, Karanika S, Karakousis PC, Markham RB. Combination of a MIP3α-antigen fusion therapeutic DNA vaccine with treatments of IFNα and 5-Aza-2'Deoxycytidine enhances activated effector CD8+ T cells expressing CD11c in the B16F10 melanoma model. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3243336. [PMID: 37645859 PMCID: PMC10462250 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3243336/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in the B16F10 mouse melanoma model have demonstrated that combining a DNA vaccine comprised of regions of gp100 and tyrosinase-related protein 2 fused to Macrophage-inflammatory protein 3-alpha (MIP3α) with recombinant Interferon alpha (IFN) and 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine (5Aza) treatments resulted in significantly greater anti-tumor activity and immunogenicity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This brief report details that the combination of vaccine with treatments IFN and 5Aza results in both the upregulation of genes expressing CD11c-interacting proteins and an increase in the TME of a distinct CD11c+ CD8+ T cell population. This cell population correlates with tumor size, is primarily comprised of effector or effector memory T cells, and has a more robust response to ex vivo stimulation as compared to CD11c- CD8+ T cells as measured by surface activation markers 4-1BB (CD137) and KLRG1 (Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1) and intracellular IFNγ production. In conclusion, this combination therapy results in greater presence of highly active effector CD8+ T-cells expressing CD11c in the TME that correlate with and are likely primary contributors to treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yinan Hui
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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9
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Brandi J, Wiethe C, Riehn M, Jacobs T. OMIP-93: A 41-color high parameter panel to characterize various co-inhibitory molecules and their ligands in the lymphoid and myeloid compartment in mice. Cytometry A 2023; 103:624-630. [PMID: 37219006 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This 41-color panel has been designed to characterize both the lymphoid and the myeloid compartments in mice. The number of immune cells isolated from organs is often low, whilst an increasing number of factors need to be analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of the complexity of an immune response. With a focus on T cells, their activation and differentiation status, as well as their expression of several co-inhibitory and effector molecules, this panel also allows the analysis of ligands to these co-inhibitory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. This panel enables deep phenotypic characterization of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells, γδ T cells, NK T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Whilst previous panels have focused on these topics individually, this is the first panel to enable simultaneous analysis of these compartments, thus enabling a comprehensive analysis with a limited number of immune cells/sample size. This panel is designed to analyze and compare the immune response in different mouse models of infectious diseases, but can also be extended to other disease models, for example tumors or autoimmune diseases. Here, we apply this panel to C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, a mouse model of cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brandi
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Wiethe
- Marketing and Scientific Application, BioLegend Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mathias Riehn
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Gao L, Hong Z, Lei G, Guo AL, Wang FS, Jiao YM, Fu J. Decreased granzyme-B expression in CD11c +CD8 + T cells associated with disease progression in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107483. [PMID: 36798119 PMCID: PMC9927008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD11c+CD8+ T cells are an unconventional CD8+ T cell subset that exerts antiviral activity in infectious diseases. However, its characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been elucidated. Methods Twenty-six patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC and 25 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The frequency and phenotype of CD11c+CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and tumors in situ were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results Both the HCC group and HC group had similar frequency and phenotype characteristics of CD11c+CD8+ T cells in the periphery. CD11c+CD8+ T cells were mainly composed of effector T cells, most of which were CD45RA+CCR7-. Compared with CD11c-CD8+ T cells, CD11c+CD8+ T cells had a higher proportion of CD38 and HLA-DR double positive, and expressed high levels of granzyme-B (GB) and degranulation marker CD107a, and produced high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). However, the ability of degranulation and TNF-α production of CD11c+CD8+ T cells in patients with HCC were significantly lower than that in healthy controls. The GB expression level of peripheral CD11c+CD8+ T cells in patients with advanced stage of HCC was significantly lower than that in patients with early stage of HCC, and the GB expression level of liver-infiltrating CD11c+CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues was lower than that in non-tumor tissues. More importantly, the GB expression level of peripheral CD11c+CD8+ T cells was negatively correlated with tumor volume. Conclusions These findings indicate that CD11c+CD8+ T cells may have potential anti-tumor activity and that GB+CD11c+CD8+ T cells are associated with disease progression in patients with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhixian Hong
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - An-Liang Guo
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Junliang Fu, ; Yan-Mei Jiao,
| | - Junliang Fu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Junliang Fu, ; Yan-Mei Jiao,
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11
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Guo AL, Zhao JF, Gao L, Huang HH, Zhang JY, Zhang C, Song JW, Xu RN, Fan X, Shi M, Jiao YM, Wang FS. HIV-1-Specific CD11c + CD8 + T Cells Display Low PD-1 Expression and Strong Anti-HIV-1 Activity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757457. [PMID: 34721433 PMCID: PMC8554207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells prevents optimal control of HIV-1 infection. Identifying unconventional CD8+ T cell subsets to effectively control HIV-1 replication is vital. In this study, the role of CD11c+ CD8+ T cells during HIV-1 infection was evaluated. The frequencies of CD11c+ CD8+ T cells significantly increased and were negatively correlated with viral load in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve patients. HIV-1-specific cells were enriched more in CD11c+ CD8+ T cells than in CD11c- CD8+ T cells, which could be induced by HIV-1-derived overlapping peptides, marking an HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell population. This subset expressed higher levels of activating markers (CD38 and HLA-DR), cytotoxic markers (granzyme B, perforin, and CD107a), and cytokines (IL-2 and TNF-α), with lower levels of PD-1 compared to the CD11c- CD8+ T cell subset. In vitro analysis verified that CD11c+ CD8+ T cells displayed a stronger HIV-1-specific killing capacity than the CD11c- counterparts. These findings indicate that CD11c+ CD8+ T cells have potent immunotherapeutic efficacy in controlling HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Liang Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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12
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Gao M, Wang J, Zang J, An Y, Dong Y. The Mechanism of CD8 + T Cells for Reducing Myofibroblasts Accumulation during Renal Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070990. [PMID: 34356613 PMCID: PMC8301885 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a common manifestation of end-stage renal disease that is associated with multiple types of renal insults and functional loss of the kidney. Unresolved renal inflammation triggers fibrotic processes by promoting the activation and expansion of extracellular matrix-producing fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Growing evidence now indicates that diverse T cells and macrophage subpopulations play central roles in the inflammatory microenvironment and fibrotic process. The present review aims to elucidate the role of CD8+ T cells in renal fibrosis, and identify its possible mechanisms in the inflammatory microenvironment.
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13
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Nash WT, Okusa MD. Chess Not Checkers: Complexities Within the Myeloid Response to the Acute Kidney Injury Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:676688. [PMID: 34124107 PMCID: PMC8187556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.676688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation in acute kidney injury (AKI) is an area of intense interest which promises to enhance our understanding of the disease and how to manage it. Macrophages are a heterogeneous and dynamic population of immune cells that carry out multiple functions in tissue, ranging from maintenance to inflammation. As key sentinels of their environment and the major immune population in the uninjured kidney, macrophages are poised to play an important role in the establishment and pathogenesis of AKI. These cells have a profound capacity to orchestrate downstream immune responses and likely participate in skewing the kidney environment toward either pathogenic inflammation or injury resolution. A clear understanding of macrophage and myeloid cell dynamics in the development of AKI will provide valuable insight into disease pathogenesis and options for intervention. This review considers evidence in the literature that speaks to the role and regulation of macrophages and myeloid cells in AKI. We also highlight barriers or knowledge gaps that need to be addressed as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Nash
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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14
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Wang F, Ullah A, Fan X, Xu Z, Zong R, Wang X, Chen G. Delivery of nanoparticle antigens to antigen-presenting cells: from extracellular specific targeting to intracellular responsive presentation. J Control Release 2021; 333:107-128. [PMID: 33774119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate delivery system can improve the immune effects of antigens against various infections or tumors. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized to capture and process antigens in vivo, which link the innate and adaptive immune responses. Functionalization of vaccine delivery systems with targeting moieties to APCs is a promising strategy for provoking potent immune responses. Additionally, the internalization and intracellular distribution of antigens are closely related to the initiation of downstream immune responses. With a deeper understanding of the intracellular microenvironment and the mechanisms of antigen presentation, vehicles designed to respond to endogenous and external stimuli can modulate antigen processing and presentation pathways, which are critical to the types of immune response. Here, an overview of extracellular targeting delivery of antigens to APCs and intracellular stimulus-responsiveness strategies is provided, which might be helpful for the rational design of vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Aftab Ullah
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xuelian Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rongling Zong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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15
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Rébillard RM, Charabati M, Grasmuck C, Filali-Mouhim A, Tastet O, Brassard N, Daigneault A, Bourbonnière L, Anand SP, Balthazard R, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Gasser R, Benlarbi M, Moratalla AC, Solorio YC, Boutin M, Farzam-Kia N, Descôteaux-Dinelle J, Fournier AP, Gowing E, Laumaea A, Jamann H, Lahav B, Goyette G, Lemaître F, Mamane VH, Prévost J, Richard J, Thai K, Cailhier JF, Chomont N, Finzi A, Chassé M, Durand M, Arbour N, Kaufmann DE, Prat A, Larochelle C. Identification of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune alterations in acutely ill patients. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145853. [PMID: 33635833 DOI: 10.1172/jci145853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune profiles have been described in symptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Whether the reported immune alterations are specific to SARS-CoV-2 infection or also triggered by other acute illnesses remains unclear. We performed flow cytometry analysis on fresh peripheral blood from a consecutive cohort of (a) patients hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, (b) patients of comparable age and sex hospitalized for another acute disease (SARS-CoV-2 negative), and (c) healthy controls. Using both data-driven and hypothesis-driven analyses, we found several dysregulations in immune cell subsets (e.g., decreased proportion of T cells) that were similarly associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and non-COVID-19-related acute illnesses. In contrast, we identified specific differences in myeloid and lymphocyte subsets that were associated with SARS-CoV-2 status (e.g., elevated proportion of ICAM-1+ mature/activated neutrophils, ALCAM+ monocytes, and CD38+CD8+ T cells). A subset of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune alterations correlated with disease severity, disease outcome at 30 days, and mortality. Our data provide an understanding of the immune dysregulation specifically associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among acute care hospitalized patients. Our study lays the foundation for the development of specific biomarkers to stratify SARS-CoV-2-positive patients at risk of unfavorable outcomes and to uncover candidate molecules to investigate from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelali Filali-Mouhim
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Balthazard
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Ana Carmena Moratalla
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Carpentier Solorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marianne Boutin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Negar Farzam-Kia
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jade Descôteaux-Dinelle
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Antoine Philippe Fournier
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annemarie Laumaea
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Goyette
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florent Lemaître
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria Hannah Mamane
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Karine Thai
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Michaël Chassé
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Zhou R, Yazdanifar M, Roy LD, Whilding LM, Gavrill A, Maher J, Mukherjee P. CAR T Cells Targeting the Tumor MUC1 Glycoprotein Reduce Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1149. [PMID: 31178870 PMCID: PMC6543840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved gratifying breakthrough in hematologic malignancies but has shown limited success in solid tumor immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibody, TAB004, specifically recognizes the aberrantly glycosylated tumor form of MUC1 (tMUC1) in all subtypes of breast cancer including 95% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) while sparing recognition of normal tissue MUC1. We transduced human T cells with MUC28z, a chimeric antigen receptor comprising of the scFv of TAB004 coupled to CD28 and CD3ζ. MUC28z was well-expressed on the surface of engineered activated human T cells. MUC28z CAR T cells demonstrated significant target-specific cytotoxicity against a panel of human TNBC cells. Upon recognition of tMUC1 on TNBC cells, MUC28z CAR T cells increased production of Granzyme B, IFN-γ and other Th1 type cytokines and chemokines. A single dose of MUC28z CAR T cells significantly reduced TNBC tumor growth in a xenograft model. Thus, MUC28z CAR T cells have high therapeutic potential against tMUC1-positive TNBC tumors with minimal damage to normal breast epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lopamudra Das Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lynsey M Whilding
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Artemis Gavrill
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Maher
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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17
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Xu MM, Ménoret A, Nicholas SAE, Günther S, Sundberg EJ, Zhou B, Rodriguez A, Murphy PA, Vella AT. Direct CD137 costimulation of CD8 T cells promotes retention and innate-like function within nascent atherogenic foci. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1480-H1494. [PMID: 30978132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00088.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Effector CD8 T cells infiltrate atherosclerotic lesions and are correlated with cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms regulating their recruitment and retention are not well understood. CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory receptor induced on immune cells and expressed at sites of human atherosclerotic plaque. Genetic variants associated with decreased CD137 expression correlate with carotid-intimal thickness and its deficiency in animal models attenuates atherosclerosis. These effects have been attributed in part to endothelial responses to low and disturbed flow (LDF), but CD137 also generates robust effector CD8 T cells as a costimulatory signal. Thus, we asked whether CD8 T cell-specific CD137 stimulation contributes to their infiltration, retention, and IFNγ production in early atherogenesis. We tested this through adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells into recipient C57BL/6J mice that were then antigen primed and CD137 costimulated. We analyzed atherogenic LDF vessels in normolipidemic and PCSK9-mediated hyperlipidemic models and utilized a digestion protocol that allowed for lesional T-cell characterization via flow cytometry and in vitro stimulation. We found that CD137 activation, specifically of effector CD8 T cells, triggers their intimal infiltration into LDF vessels and promotes a persistent innate-like proinflammatory program. Residence of CD137+ effector CD8 T cells further promoted infiltration of endogenous CD8 T cells with IFNγ-producing potential, whereas CD137-deficient CD8 T cells exhibited impaired vessel infiltration, minimal IFNγ production, and reduced infiltration of endogenous CD8 T cells. Our studies thus provide novel insight into how CD137 costimulation of effector T cells, independent of plaque-antigen recognition, instigates their retention and promotes innate-like responses from immune infiltrates within atherogenic foci. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies identify CD137 costimulation as a stimulus for effector CD8 T-cell infiltration and persistence within atherogenic foci, regardless of atherosclerotic-antigen recognition. These costimulated effector cells, which are generated in pathological states such as viral infection and autoimmunity, have innate-like proinflammatory programs in circulation and within the atherosclerotic microenvironment, providing mechanistic context for clinical correlations of cardiovascular morbidity with increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and markers of activation in the absence of established antigen specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sarah-Anne E Nicholas
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Annabelle Rodriguez
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
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18
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Lee H, Lee HJ, Song IH, Bang WS, Heo SH, Gong G, Park IA. CD11c-Positive Dendritic Cells in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2019; 32:1561-1569. [PMID: 30348717 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are prognostic markers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our study analyzed the relationship between cluster of differentiation (CD)11c-positive dendritic cells (DCs) and TILs and TLSs to elucidate mechanisms of TIL influx. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for CD4, CD8, and CD11c in tissue microarrays from 681 patients with TNBC was performed. The proportions of TILs and TLSs were reviewed. Two additional TNBC gene expression datasets were used. RESULTS CD11c expression showed a significantly positive correlation with the level of TILs and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, as well as an abundance of TLSs. CD11C gene expression was also significantly correlated with expression of CD4, CD8, and genes related to TLSs in both datasets. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a strong correlation of CD11c expression, which represents DCs, with TILs and TLSs in TNBC. Further investigation is warranted to identify therapeutic modalities that facilitate recruitment and activation of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejae Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery - Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Song
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seon Bang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery - Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Heo
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery - Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Shrestha A, Sadeyen JR, Iqbal M. Enhancing Protective Efficacy of Poultry Vaccines through Targeted Delivery of Antigens to Antigen-Presenting Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E75. [PMID: 30445683 PMCID: PMC6313852 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian viral diseases including avian influenza, Marek's disease and Newcastle disease are detrimental to economies around the world that depend on the poultry trade. A significant zoonotic threat is also posed by avian influenza viruses. Vaccination is an important and widely used method for controlling these poultry diseases. However, the current vaccines do not provide full protection or sterile immunity. Hence, there is a need to develop improved vaccines. The major aim of developing improved vaccines is to induce strong and specific humoral and cellular immunity in vaccinated animals. One strategy used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines is the selective delivery of protective antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. APCs have a central role in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses through their ability to capture, process and present antigens to T and B cells. Vaccine technology that selectively targets APCs has been achieved by coupling antigens to monoclonal antibodies or ligands that are targeted by APCs. The aim of this review is to discuss existing strategies of selective delivery of antigens to APCs for effective vaccine development in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angita Shrestha
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK.
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK.
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK.
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK.
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20
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Non-identical twins: Different faces of CR3 and CR4 in myeloid and lymphoid cells of mice and men. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:110-121. [PMID: 29174917 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell membrane receptors that are involved in essential physiological and serious pathological processes. Their main role is to ensure a closely regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeletal network enabling cells to react to environmental stimuli. Complement receptor type 3 (CR3, αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and type 4 (CR4, αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) are members of the β2-integrin family expressed on most white blood cells. Both receptors bind multiple ligands like iC3b, ICAM, fibrinogen or LPS. β2-integrins are accepted to play important roles in cellular adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, ECM rearrangement and inflammation. Several pathological conditions are linked to the impaired functions of these receptors. CR3 and CR4 are generally thought to mediate overlapping functions in monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, therefore the potential distinctive role of these receptors has not been investigated so far in satisfactory details. Lately it has become clear that a functional segregation has evolved between the two receptors regarding phagocytosis, cellular adhesion and podosome formation. In addition to their tasks on myeloid cells, the expression and function of CR3 and CR4 on lymphocytes have also gained interest recently. The picture is further complicated by the fact that while these β2-integrins are expressed by immune cells both in mice and humans, there are significant differences in their expression level, functions and the pathological consequences of genetic defects. Here we aim to summarize our current knowledge on CR3 and CR4 and highlight the functional differences between these receptors, involving their expression in myeloid and lymphoid cells of both men and mice.
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21
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Chen P, Liu X, Sun Y, Zhou P, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Dendritic cell targeted vaccines: Recent progresses and challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:612-22. [PMID: 26513200 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to be a set of morphology, structure and function of heterogeneous professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), as well as the strongest functional antigen presenting cells, which can absorb, process and present antigens. As the key regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, DCs are at the center of the immune system and capable of interacting with both B cells and T cells, thereby manipulating the humoral and cellular immune responses. DCs provide an essential link between the innate and adaptive immunity, and the strong immune activation function of DCs and their properties of natural adjuvants, make them a valuable target for antigen delivery. Targeting antigens to DC-specific endocytic receptors in combination with the relevant antibodies or ligands along with immunostimulatory adjuvants has been recently recognized as a promising strategy for designing an effective vaccine that elicits a strong and durable T cell response against intracellular pathogens and cancer. This opinion article provides a brief summary of the rationales, superiorities and challenges of existing DC-targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Peng Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
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22
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Kaiser Y, Lakshmikanth T, Chen Y, Mikes J, Eklund A, Brodin P, Achour A, Grunewald J. Mass Cytometry Identifies Distinct Lung CD4 + T Cell Patterns in Löfgren's Syndrome and Non-Löfgren's Syndrome Sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1130. [PMID: 28955342 PMCID: PMC5601005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by accumulation of activated CD4+ T cells in the lungs. Disease phenotypes Löfgren’s syndrome (LS) and “non-LS” differ in terms of clinical manifestations, genetic background, HLA association, and prognosis, but the underlying inflammatory mechanisms largely remain unknown. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from four HLA-DRB1*03+ LS and four HLA-DRB1*03− non-LS patients were analyzed by mass cytometry, using a panel of 33 unique markers. Differentially regulated CD4+ T cell populations were identified using the Citrus algorithm, and t-stochastic neighborhood embedding was applied for dimensionality reduction and single-cell data visualization. We identified 19 individual CD4+ T cell clusters differing significantly in abundance between LS and non-LS patients. Seven clusters more frequent in LS patients were characterized by significantly higher expression of regulatory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, and ICOS, along with low expression of adhesion marker CD44. In contrast, 12 clusters primarily found in non-LS displayed elevated expression of activation and effector markers HLA-DR, CD127, CD39, as well as CD44. Hierarchical clustering further indicated functional heterogeneity and diverse origins of T cell receptor Vα2.3/Vβ22-restricted cells in LS. Finally, a near-complete overlap of CD8 and Ki-67 expression suggested larger influence of CD8+ T cell activity on sarcoid inflammation than previously appreciated. In this study, we provide detailed characterization of pulmonary T cells and immunological parameters that define separate disease pathways in LS and non-LS. With direct association to clinical parameters, such as granuloma persistence, resolution, or chronic inflammation, these results provide a valuable foundation for further exploration and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Kaiser
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Erdei A, Sándor N, Mácsik-Valent B, Lukácsi S, Kremlitzka M, Bajtay Z. The versatile functions of complement C3-derived ligands. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:127-140. [PMID: 27782338 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of immune defense. Activation of the complement cascade by foreign substances and altered self-structures may lead to the elimination of the activating agent, and during the enzymatic cascade, several biologically active fragments are generated. Most immune regulatory effects of complement are mediated by the activation products of C3, the central component. The indispensable role of C3 in opsonic phagocytosis as well as in the regulation of humoral immune response is known for long, while the involvement of complement in T-cell biology have been revealed in the past few years. In this review, we discuss the immune modulatory functions of C3-derived fragments focusing on their role in processes which have not been summarized so far. The importance of locally synthesized complement will receive special emphasis, as several immunological processes take place in tissues, where hepatocyte-derived complement components might not be available at high concentrations. We also aim to call the attention to important differences between human and mouse systems regarding C3-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. , .,MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. ,
| | - Noémi Sándor
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Szilvia Lukácsi
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariann Kremlitzka
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Liao Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Huang H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Shu S, Fang F. Expression pattern of CD11c on lung immune cells after disseminated murine cytomegalovirus infection. Virol J 2017; 14:132. [PMID: 28720115 PMCID: PMC5516330 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs frequently and is widespread globally. Numerous studies have shown that various types of immune cells play roles in mediating the response to CMV infection. CD11c, a commonly used dendritic cell (DC) marker, is expressed by other immune cells as well, such as T cells. This study analyzed the immune cells that express CD11c and monitored the expression level of their specific cell surface markers in the lung following a disseminated murine (M)CMV infection. Methods Mouse models of disseminated MCMV infection were used; uninfected and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice were used as controls. At 1, 3 and 7 days following infection, single cell suspensions prepared from freshly digested lung tissue were stained for CD11c, CD86 and MHC II. Stained cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood and single cell suspensions from spleen were sorted as well. Then these cells were subjected to analyze the CD11c expression pattern on natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. Results This assay showed that after MCMV infection, the expression of CD86 on pulmonary CD11chiMHC-IIhi cells (encompassing conventional DCs) was higher at 3 days post-infection than at 1 or 7 days post-infection, accompanied by a downregulation of MHC II. In addition, expression of CD11c was greatly increased in the MCMV infection group at 7 days post infection. This study also detected a large population of cells displaying an intermediate level of expression of CD11c (CD11cint); these cells were in the MCMV groups exclusively, and were subsequently identified as CD8+ T cells. In lung, spleen and blood, different proportions of CD11cint cells among the NK cell and T cell populations were observed between the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with or without MCMV infection. The expression level of NKp46 in NK cells dropped to a lower level after MCMV infection. Conclusions The findings collectively indicate that CD11cintCD8+ T cells might play a key role in anti-MCMV adaptive immune response in lungs, as well as in spleen and blood. B220+CD11cint NK cells might be a more effective type of NK cell, participating in anti-MCMV infection. The downregulation of NKp46, in particular, might be linked with the immune evasion of MCMV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0801-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xinglou Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Heyu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Sainan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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25
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Dimayuga PC, Zhao X, Yano J, Lio WM, Zhou J, Mihailovic PM, Cercek B, Shah PK, Chyu KY. Identification of apoB-100 Peptide-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005318. [PMID: 28711866 PMCID: PMC5586274 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background T cells are found in atherosclerotic plaques, with evidence supporting a potential role for CD8+ T cells in atherogenesis. Prior studies provide evidence of low‐density lipoprotein and apoB‐100 reactive T cells, yet specific epitopes relevant to the disease remain to be defined. The current study was undertaken to identify and characterize endogenous, antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results A peptide fragment of apoB‐100 that tested positive for binding to the mouse MHC‐I allele H2Kb was used to generate a fluorescent‐labeled H2Kb pentamer and tested in apoE−/− mice. H2Kb pentamer(+)CD8+ T cells were higher in apoE−/− mice fed an atherogenic diet compared with those fed a normal chow. H2Kb pentamer (+)CD8+ T cells in atherogenic diet–fed mice had significantly increased effector memory phenotype with a shift in Vβ profile. H2Kb pentamer blocked lytic activity of CD8+ T cells from atherogenic diet–fed mice. Immunization of age‐matched apoE−/− mice with the apoB‐100 peptide altered the immune‐dominant epitope of CD8+ T cells and reduced atherosclerosis. Conclusions Our study provides evidence of a self‐reactive, antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell population in apoE−/− mice. Immune modulation using the peptide antigen reduced atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Dimayuga
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Juliana Yano
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wai Man Lio
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jianchang Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter M Mihailovic
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bojan Cercek
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Prediman K Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kuang-Yuh Chyu
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
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26
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Wu M, Lou J, Zhang S, Chen X, Huang L, Sun R, Huang P, Pan S, Wang F. Gene expression profiling of CD8 + T cells induced by ovarian cancer cells suggests a possible mechanism for CD8 + Treg cell production. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:669-677. [PMID: 27641758 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate a possible mechanism of CD8+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) production in an ovarian cancer (OC) microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agilent microarray was used to detect changes in gene expression between CD8+ T cells cultured with and without the SKOV3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line. QRT-PCR was performed to determine glycolysis gene expression in CD8+ T cells from a transwell culturing system and OC patients. We also detected protein levels of glycolysis-related genes using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Comparing gene expression profiles revealed significant differences in expression levels of 1420 genes, of which 246 were up-regulated and 1174 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that biological processes altered in CD8+ Treg are particularly associated with energy metabolism. CD8+ Treg cells induced by co-culture with SKOV3 had lower glycolysis gene expression compared to CD8+ T cells cultured alone. Glycolysis gene expression was also decreased in the CD8+ T cells of OC patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of DEGs in CD8+ T cells cultured with and without SKOV3 and suggests that metabolic processes may be a possible mechanism for CD8+ Treg induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfang Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China. .,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Takeda Y, Azuma M, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Tumoricidal efficacy coincides with CD11c up-regulation in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells during vaccine immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:143. [PMID: 27619885 PMCID: PMC5020536 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) mount tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and the double-stranded RNA adjuvant Poly(I:C) stimulates Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signal in DC, which in turn induces type I interferon (IFN) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), then cross-primes cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Proliferation of CTLs correlates with tumor regression. How these potent cells expand with high quality is crucial to the outcome of CTL therapy. However, good markers reflecting the efficacy of DC-target immunotherapy have not been addressed. Methods Using an EG7 (ovalbumin, OVA-positive) tumor-implant mouse model, we examined what is a good marker for active CTL induction in treatment with Poly(I:C)/OVA. Results Simultaneous administration of Poly(I:C) and antigen (Ag) OVA significantly increased a minor population of CD8+ T cells, that express CD11c in lymphoid and tumor sites. The numbers of the CD11c+ CD8+ T cells correlated with those of induced Ag-specific CD8+ T cells and tumor regression. The CD11c+ CD8+ T cell moiety was characterized by its high killing activity and IFN-γ-producing ability, which represent an active phenotype of the effector CTLs. Not only a TLR3-specific (TICAM-1-dependent) signal but also TLR2 (MyD88) signal in DC triggered the expansion of CD11c+ CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice. Notably, human CD11c+ CD8+ T cells also proliferated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) Ag. Conclusions CD11c expression in CD8+ T cells reflects anti-tumor CTL activity and would be a marker for immunotherapeutic efficacy in mouse models and probably cancer patients as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0416-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiro Azuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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28
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Hersrud SL, Kovács AD, Pearce DA. Antigen presenting cell abnormalities in the Cln3(-/-) mouse model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:1324-36. [PMID: 27101989 PMCID: PMC4899816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the CLN3 gene lead to juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that causes progressive neurodegeneration in children and adolescents. There is evidence of immune system involvement in pathology that has been only minimally investigated. We characterized bone marrow stem cell-derived antigen presenting cells (APCs), peritoneal macrophages, and leukocytes from spleen and blood, harvested from the Cln3(-/-) mouse model of JNCL. We detected dramatically elevated CD11c surface levels and increased total CD11c protein in Cln3(-/-) cell samples compared to wild type. This phenotype was specific to APCs and also to a loss of CLN3, as surface levels did not differ from wild type in other leukocyte subtypes nor in cells from two other NCL mouse models. Subcellularly, CD11c was localized to lipid rafts, indicating that perturbation of surface levels is attributable to derangement of raft dynamics, which has previously been shown in Cln3 mutant cells. Interrogation of APC function revealed that Cln3(-/-) cells have increased adhesiveness to CD11c ligands as well as an abnormal secretory pattern that closely mimics what has been previously reported for Cln3 mutant microglia. Our results show that CLN3 deficiency alters APCs, which can be a major contributor to the autoimmune response in JNCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hersrud
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States
| | - Attila D Kovács
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States
| | - David A Pearce
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States.
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29
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Qualai J, Cantero J, Li LX, Carrascosa JM, Cabré E, Dern O, Sumoy L, Requena G, McSorley SJ, Genescà M. Adhesion Molecules Associated with Female Genital Tract Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156605. [PMID: 27272720 PMCID: PMC4896633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop vaccines that can elicit mucosal immune responses in the female genital tract against sexually transmitted infections have been hampered by an inability to measure immune responses in these tissues. The differential expression of adhesion molecules is known to confer site-dependent homing of circulating effector T cells to mucosal tissues. Specific homing molecules have been defined that can be measured in blood as surrogate markers of local immunity (e.g. α4β7 for gut). Here we analyzed the expression pattern of adhesion molecules by circulating effector T cells following mucosal infection of the female genital tract in mice and during a symptomatic episode of vaginosis in women. While CCR2, CCR5, CXCR6 and CD11c were preferentially expressed in a mouse model of Chlamydia infection, only CCR5 and CD11c were clearly expressed by effector T cells during bacterial vaginosis in women. Other homing molecules previously suggested as required for homing to the genital mucosa such as α4β1 and α4β7 were also differentially expressed in these patients. However, CD11c expression, an integrin chain rarely analyzed in the context of T cell immunity, was the most consistently elevated in all activated effector CD8+ T cell subsets analyzed. This molecule was also induced after systemic infection in mice, suggesting that CD11c is not exclusive of genital tract infection. Still, its increase in response to genital tract disorders may represent a novel surrogate marker of mucosal immunity in women, and warrants further exploration for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Qualai
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jon Cantero
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - José Manuel Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital “Germans Trias i Pujol,” Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital “Germans Trias i Pujol,” Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Dern
- Atenció Salut Sexual i Reproductiva (ASSIR), Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Fèlix, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Lauro Sumoy
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gerard Requena
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Stephen J. McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine (CCM), Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- * E-mail: (MG)
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30
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Expression of CD11c Is Associated with Unconventional Activated T Cell Subsets with High Migratory Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154253. [PMID: 27119555 PMCID: PMC4847787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c is an α integrin classically employed to define myeloid dendritic cells. Although there is little information about CD11c expression on human T cells, mouse models have shown an association of CD11c expression with functionally relevant T cell subsets. In the context of genital tract infection, we have previously observed increased expression of CD11c in circulating T cells from mice and women. Microarray analyses of activated effector T cells expressing CD11c derived from naïve mice demonstrated enrichment for natural killer (NK) associated genes. Here we find that murine CD11c+ T cells analyzed by flow cytometry display markers associated with non-conventional T cell subsets, including γδ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. However, in women, only γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells were enriched within the CD11c fraction of blood and cervical tissue. These CD11c+ cells were highly activated and had greater interferon (IFN)-γ secretory capacity than CD11c- T cells. Furthermore, circulating CD11c+ T cells were associated with the expression of multiple adhesion molecules in women, suggesting that these cells have high tissue homing potential. These data suggest that CD11c expression distinguishes a population of circulating T cells during bacterial infection with innate capacity and mucosal homing potential.
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31
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Wang Q, Cao W, Yang ZG, Zhao GF. DC targeting DNA vaccines induce protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity in mice. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:17565-17577. [PMID: 26770347 PMCID: PMC4694247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-CD11c antibodies target to the CD11c receptor that mediates antigen presentation to T cells by dendritic cells (DCs). To exploit these properties for immunization purposes, we obtained DC-targeting DNA vaccines by fusing tumor-associated antigen HER2/neu ectodomain to single chain antibody fragment (scFv) from N418 (scFv(N418)), a monoclonal antibody binding the mouse DC-restricted surface molecule CD11c, and explored its antitumoral efficacy and underlying mechanisms in mouse breast cancer models. METHODS Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses and antitumoral activity of the DNA vaccines were tested in transplantable HER2/neu-expressing murine tumor models and in transgenic BALB-neuT mice developing spontaneous Neu-driven mammary carcinomas. RESULTS Upon injection of the breast tumor cell line D2F2/E2 (stably expressing human wild-type HER2), scFv(N418)-HER2 immunized mice were protected against tumor growth. Even more important for clinical applications, we were able to substantially slow the growth of implanted D2F2/E2 cells by injection of scFv(N418)-HER2 conjugates into tumor bearing hosts. The existing tumors were eradicated by treatment with scFv(N418)-HER2 combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide (CTX), which can make a temporary regulatory T cells (Treg) depletion. What's more, in combination with the low-dose CTX, vaccination with scFv(N418)-neu significantly retarded the development of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in transgenic BALB-neuT mice. CONCLUSION Our results show that DNA vaccine which targeting of dendritic cells in situ by the means of antibody-antigen conjugates may be a novel way to induce long-lasting antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Shidong HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Shidong HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Shidong HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Guang-Fa Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai, China
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32
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Short-lived effector CD8 T cells induced by genetically attenuated malaria parasite vaccination express CD11c. Infect Immun 2013; 81:4171-81. [PMID: 23980113 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00871-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with a single dose of genetically attenuated malaria parasites can induce sterile protection against sporozoite challenge in the rodent Plasmodium yoelii model. Protection is dependent on CD8(+) T cells, involves perforin and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and is correlated with the expansion of effector memory CD8(+) T cells in the liver. Here, we have further characterized vaccine-induced changes in the CD8(+) T cell phenotype and demonstrated significant upregulation of CD11c on CD3(+) CD8b(+) T cells in the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood. CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cells are predominantly CD11a(hi) CD44(hi) CD62L(-), indicative of antigen-experienced effector cells. Following in vitro restimulation with malaria-infected hepatocytes, CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cells expressed inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity markers, including IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), perforin, and CD107a. CD11c(-) CD8(+) T cells, on the other hand, expressed negligible amounts of all inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity markers tested, indicating that CD11c marks multifunctional effector CD8(+) T cells. Coculture of CD11c(+), but not CD11c(-), CD8(+) T cells with sporozoite-infected primary hepatocytes significantly inhibited liver-stage parasite development. Tetramer staining for the immunodominant circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific CD8(+) T cell epitope demonstrated that approximately two-thirds of CSP-specific cells expressed CD11c at the peak of the CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cell response, but CD11c expression was lost as the CD8(+) T cells entered the memory phase. Further analyses showed that CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cells are primarily KLRG1(+) CD127(-) terminal effectors, whereas all KLRG1(-) CD127(+) memory precursor effector cells are CD11c(-) CD8(+) T cells. Together, these results suggest that CD11c marks a subset of highly inflammatory, short-lived, antigen-specific effector cells, which may play an important role in eliminating infected hepatocytes.
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Abstract
An efficient immune response requires coordination between innate and adaptive immunity, which act through cells different in origin and function. Here we report the identification of thymus-derived αβ TCR+ cells that express CD11c and MHC class II, and require FLT3L for development (TDC). TDC express genes heretofore found uniquely in T cells or DC, as well as a distinctive signature of cytotoxicity-related genes. Unlike other innate T cell subsets, TDC have a polyclonal TCR repertoire andrespond to cognate antigens. However, they differ from conventional T cells in that they do not require help from antigen-presenting cells, respond to TLR-mediated stimulation by producing IL-12 and process and present antigen. The physiologic relevance of TDC, found in mice and humans, is still under investigation, but the fact that they combine key features of T and DC cells suggests that they provide a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Chen Z, Han Y, Gu Y, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Zhang M, Cao X. CD11c(high)CD8+ regulatory T cell feedback inhibits CD4 T cell immune response via Fas ligand-Fas pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6145-54. [PMID: 23677464 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells can restrict the uncontrolled immune response and inflammation, avoiding pathologic immune injury to the host and thus playing important roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Until recently, many subsets of CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells have been reported. In this study, we identified CD11c(high)CD8(+) T cells as a new subset of CD8(+) regulatory T cells. During Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus infection, two subsets of CD8 T cells were classified according to the expression level of CD11c, including CD11c(low)CD8(+) and CD11c(high)CD8(+) T cells. CD11c(low)CD8(+) T cells, existing during the whole period of infection, act as conventional activated T cells to kill target cells in a perforin-dependent manner. Interestingly, CD11c(high)CD8(+) T cells appeared only at a late stage of infection, expressed relatively high CD122 and low CD69, did not secrete IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, and exhibited much more potent cytotoxicity against target cells via Fas ligand-Fas pathway in an Ag-independent manner. Ligation of CD11c was important in the cytotoxicity of CD11c(high)CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, CD11c(high)CD8(+) T cells could directly kill the activated CD4 T cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas CD11c(low)CD8(+) T cells could not. Thus, we identified an infection-induced new subset of CD11c(high)CD8(+) regulatory T cells, which might contribute to protect host from pathological immune injure. Our results indicate that CD11c(+)CD8(+) T cells are constitute a heterogeneous population that can be divided further into regulatory CD11c(high)CD8(+) T cell subset and effector CD11c(low)CD8(+) T cell subset, thus adding insight to the role of CD8 T cells in immune response and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubo Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
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35
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Ejaz A, Ammann CG, Werner R, Huber G, Oberhauser V, Hörl S, Schimmer S, Dittmer U, von Laer D, Stoiber H, Bánki Z. Targeting viral antigens to CD11c on dendritic cells induces retrovirus-specific T cell responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45102. [PMID: 23028784 PMCID: PMC3444473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) represent the most potent antigen presenting cells and induce efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against viral infections. Targeting antigens (Ag) to receptors on DCs is a promising strategy to enhance antitumor and antiviral immune responses induced by DCs. Here, we investigated the potential of CD11c-specific single-chain fragments (scFv) fused to an immunodominant peptide of Friend retrovirus for induction of virus-specific T cell responses by DCs. In vitro CD11c-specific scFv selectively targeted viral antigens to DCs and thereby significantly improved the activation of virus-specific T cells. In vaccination experiments DCs loaded with viral Ag targeted to CD11c provided improved rejection of FV-derived tumors and efficiently primed virus-specific CTL responses after virus challenge. Since the induction of strong virus-specific T cell responses is critical in viral infections, CD11c targeted protein vaccines might provide means to enhance the cellular immune response to prophylactic or therapeutic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph G. Ammann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Werner
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Huber
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Oberhauser
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Hörl
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Schimmer
- Institute of Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Stoiber
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoltán Bánki
- Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Edgel KA, McMillen TS, Wei H, Pamir N, Houston BA, Caldwell MT, Mai POT, Oram JF, Tang C, Leboeuf RC. Obesity and weight loss result in increased adipose tissue ABCG1 expression in db/db mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:425-34. [PMID: 22179025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with several co-morbid conditions including diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer, atherosclerosis and gallstones. Obesity is associated with low systemic inflammation and an accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) that are thought to modulate insulin resistance. ATMs may also modulate adipocyte metabolism and take up lipids released during adipocyte lipolysis and cell death. We suggest that high levels of free cholesterol residing in adipocytes are released during these processes and contribute to ATM activation and accumulation during obesity and caloric restriction. Db/db mice were studied for extent of adipose tissue inflammation under feeding conditions of ad libitum (AL) and caloric restriction (CR). The major finding was a marked elevation in epididymal adipose ABCG1 mRNA levels with obesity and CR (6-fold and 16-fold, respectively) over that seen for lean wild-type mice. ABCG1 protein was also elevated for CR as compared to AL adipose tissue. ABCG1 is likely produced by cholesterol loaded ATMs since this gene is not highly expressed in adipocytes and ABCG1 expression is sterol mediated. Our data supports the concept that metabolic changes in adipocytes due to demand lipolysis and cell death lead to cholesterol loading of ATMs. Based on finding cholesterol-loaded peritoneal leukocytes with elevated levels of ABCG1 in CR as compared to AL mice, we suggest that pathways for cholesterol trafficking out of adipose tissue involve ATM egress as well as ABCG1 mediated cholesterol efflux. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in High Density Lipoprotein Formation and Metabolism: A Tribute to John F. Oram (1945-2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Edgel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, and the Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Tsai S, Clemente-Casares X, Santamaria P. CD8(+) Tregs in autoimmunity: learning "self"-control from experience. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3781-95. [PMID: 21671120 PMCID: PMC11114820 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive CD8(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles as modulators of immune responses against self, and numerical and functional defects in CD8(+) Tregs have been linked to autoimmunity. Several subsets of CD8(+) Tregs have been described. However, the origin of these T cells and how they participate in the natural progression of autoimmunity remain poorly defined. We discuss several lines of evidence suggesting that the autoimmune process itself promotes the development of autoregulatory CD8(+) T cells. We posit that chronic autoantigenic exposure fosters the differentiation of non-pathogenic autoreactive CD8(+) T cells into antigen-experienced, memory-like autoregulatory T cells, to generate a "negative feedback" regulatory loop capable of countering pathogenic autoreactive effectors. This hypothesis predicts that approaches capable of boosting autoregulatory T cell memory will be able to blunt autoimmunity without compromising systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Tsai
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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Mandl SJ, Rountree RB, Dalpozzo K, Do L, Lombardo JR, Schoonmaker PL, Dirmeier U, Steigerwald R, Giffon T, Laus R, Delcayre A. Immunotherapy with MVA-BN®-HER2 induces HER-2-specific Th1 immunity and alters the intratumoral balance of effector and regulatory T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 61:19-29. [PMID: 21822917 PMCID: PMC3249207 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MVA-BN®-HER2 is a new candidate immunotherapy designed for the treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that a single treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 exerts potent anti-tumor efficacy in a murine model of experimental pulmonary metastasis. This anti-tumor efficacy occurred despite a strong tumor-mediated immunosuppressive environment characterized by a high frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Immunogenicity studies showed that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 induced strongly Th1-dominated HER-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses. MVA-BN®-HER2-induced anti-tumor activity was characterized by an increased infiltration of lungs with highly activated, HER-2-specific, CD8+CD11c+ T cells accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of Treg cells in the lung, resulting in a significantly increased ratio of effector T cells to Treg cells. In contrast, administration of HER2 protein formulated in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced a strongly Th2-biased immune response to HER-2. However, this did not lead to significant infiltration of the tumor-bearing lungs by CD8+ T cells or the decrease in the frequency of Treg cells nor did it result in anti-tumor efficacy. In vivo depletion of CD8+ cells confirmed that CD8 T cells were required for the anti-tumor activity of MVA-BN®-HER2. Furthermore, depletion of CD4+ or CD25+ cells demonstrated that tumor-induced Treg cells promoted tumor growth and that CD4 effector cells also contribute to MVA-BN®-HER2-mediated anti-tumor efficacy. Taken together, our data demonstrate that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 controls tumor growth through mechanisms including the induction of Th1-biased HER-2-specific immune responses and the control of tumor-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Mandl
- Department of Research, BN ImmunoTherapeutics, 2425 Garcia Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
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Prevention of experimental cerebral malaria by Flt3 ligand during infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Infect Immun 2011; 79:3947-56. [PMID: 21807908 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01337-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, but their roles in blood-stage malaria infection are not fully understood. We examined the effects of Flt3 ligand, a cytokine that induces dendritic cell production, in vivo on the course of infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Mice treated with Flt3 ligand showed preferential expansion of CD8(+) dendritic cells and granulocytes, as well as lower levels of parasitemia, and were protected from the development of lethal experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Rag2 knockout mice treated with Flt3 ligand also showed inhibition of parasitemia, suggesting that this protection was due, at least in part, to the stimulation of innate immunity. However, it was unlikely that the inhibition of ECM was due simply to the reduction in the level of parasitemia. In the peripheral T cell compartment, CD8(+) T cell levels were markedly increased in Flt3 ligand-treated mice after infection. These CD8(+) T cells expressed CD11c and upregulated CXCR3, while the expression of CD137, CD25, and granzyme B was reduced. In the brain, the number of sequestered CD8(+) T cells was not significantly different for treated versus untreated mice, while the proportion of CD8(+) T cells that produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and granzyme B was significantly reduced in treated mice. In addition, sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) in the brain was reduced, suggesting that altered CD8(+) T cell activation and reduced sequestration of parasitized RBCs culminated in inhibition of ECM development. These results suggest that the quantitative and qualitative changes in the dendritic cell compartment are important for the pathogenesis of ECM.
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CD11c+CD8+ T cells: two-faced adaptive immune regulators. Cell Immunol 2010; 264:18-22. [PMID: 20620256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory cells, important controllers of immune homeostasis, carry out a multi-pronged attack by deleting overactive pathogenic immune cells, by supporting anergy, and by blocking effector functions, thereby contributing to the amelioration of disease. CD8+ T cells co-expressing CD11c are a new addition to the growing list of regulatory cells. Naïve mice harbor CD11c-expressing CD8+ T cells (<3%) that expand further in an antigen-dependent manner. Although activated CD11c+CD8+ T cells express suppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, their production of IFN-gamma is central to their immune suppressive potential. The CD11c+CD8+ T cells target pathogenic CD4+ T cells in a cell-cell contact dependent manner via IDO- and GCN2-dependent mechanisms. Adoptive transfer of activated CD11c+CD8+ T cells halts the progression of autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis and colitis. However, in certain virus and cancer models the CD11c+CD8+ T cells assume the role of immune effectors, boosting immune potential. This seemingly dual nature of these cells--exerting regulatory vs. effector activities--makes them an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the discovery, origins and developmental requirements of CD11c+CD8+cells, and the basis of their immuno-suppressive and effector potentials.
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Wei H, Wang S, Zhang D, Hou S, Qian W, Li B, Guo H, Kou G, He J, Wang H, Guo Y. Targeted delivery of tumor antigens to activated dendritic cells via CD11c molecules induces potent antitumor immunity in mice. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4612-21. [PMID: 19584156 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD11c is an antigen receptor predominantly expressed on dendritic cells (DC), to which antigen targeting has been shown to induce robust antigen-specific immune responses. To facilitate targeted delivery of tumor antigens to DCs, we generated fusion proteins consisting of the extracellular domain of human HER or its rat homologue neu, fused to the single-chain fragment variable specific for CD11c (scFv(CD11c)-HER2/neu). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Induction of cellular and humoral immune responses and antitumoral activity of the fusion proteins admixed with DC-activating CpG oligonucleotides (scFv(CD11c)-HER2/neu(CpG)) were tested in transplantable HER2/neu-expressing murine tumor models and in transgenic BALB-neuT mice developing spontaneous neu-driven mammary carcinomas. RESULTS Vaccination of BALB/c mice with scFv(CD11c)-HER2(CpG) protected mice from subsequent challenge with HER2-positive, but not HER2-negative, murine breast tumor cells, accompanied by induction of strong HER2-specific T-cell and antibody responses. In a therapeutic setting, injection of scFv(CD11c)-HER2(CpG) caused rejection of established HER2-positive tumors. Importantly, antitumoral activity of such a fusion protein vaccine could be reproduced in immunotolerant BALB-neuT mice, where scFv(CD11c)-neu(CpG) vaccination significantly protected against a subsequent challenge with neu-expressing murine breast tumor cells and markedly delayed the onset of spontaneous mammary carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS CD11c-targeted protein vaccines for in vivo delivery of tumor antigens to DCs induce potent immune responses and antitumoral activities and provide a rationale for further development of this approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Wei
- International Joint Cancer Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Antibody, The Second Military Medical Universit, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Castro FVV, Tutt AL, White AL, Teeling JL, James S, French RR, Glennie MJ. CD11c provides an effective immunotarget for the generation of both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:2263-73. [PMID: 18651710 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and quality of T cell responses generated when Ag is targeted to receptors on DC is influenced by both the specific receptor targeted and its distribution among DC subsets. Here we examine the targeting of the model Ag OVA to potential DC targets, including CD11c, CD205, MHC class II, CD40, TLR2 and FcgammaRII/III, using a panel of (Fab' x OVA) conjugates. In vitro studies identified CD11c, CD205 and MHC class II as superior and comparably effective immunotargets for the delivery of OVA to APC for presentation to T cells. In vivo studies, however, showed a marked advantage of targeting Ag to CD11c for both CD4 (OT-II) and CD8 (OT-I) responses, with robust stimulation after a single, low dose (equivalent to 0.5 microg OVA); in contrast, (anti-CD205 x OVA) and (anti-MHC class II x OVA) resulted in markedly less proliferation of both OT-I and OT-II cells. Biodistribution and immunohistochemical studies suggest that the exceptional ability of CD11c to capture Ag in lymphoid tissues may, at least partially, explain its ability to promote T cell responses. These results suggest that targeting antigen via CD11c offers a previously unappreciated strategy for vaccine development which, unlike most targets, delivers robust responses of both CD4 and CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V V Castro
- Tenovus Research Laboratory, Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton University School of Medicine, Southampton, UK
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Hirose H, Matsuse H, Fukahori S, Tsuchida T, Tomari S, Kawano T, Fukushima C, Mizuta Y, Kohno S. Effects of repeated respiratory syncytial virus infections on pulmonary dendritic cells in a murine model of allergic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 147:197-205. [PMID: 18594149 DOI: 10.1159/000142042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection differentially regulates preexisting allergic airway inflammation. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to determine the effects of primary and secondary low-grade RSV infections on pulmonary dendritic cell (DC) functions. METHODS Eight groups of BALB/c mice were used: one group each for control primary and secondary sensitization, primary and secondary sensitization to Dermatophagoides farinae (Derf) allergen, primary and secondary infection with RSV, and primary and secondary sensitization to Derf plus infection with RSV. CD11c+ pulmonary DCs were isolated from these mice and then transferred to naïve mice followed by intranasal Derf challenge. Furthermore, either anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody (alphaIL-12 mAb) or anti-IL-10 (alphaIL-10) mAb were injected into donor mice after Derf challenge and during RSV infection to determine the involvement of IL-12 and IL-10. RESULTS Primary RSV infection failed to induce polarization in DCs since it failed to induce IL-10 and IL-12 production in Derf-sensitized donor lung. In contrast, secondary RSV infection significantly enhanced IL-12 production from Derf-sensitized donor lung, thereby enhancing both Th1 and Th2 responses. During RSV infection, alphaIL-12 but not alphaIL-10 mAb treatment blocked these immunological effects. CONCLUSION Via IL-12, DCs may play a critical role in shifting the immune response in this experimental model of repeated respiratory viral infection in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hirose
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in T-cell activation and the control of the inherent autoreactivity of the T-cell compartment. Pleiotropic DC functions are likely associated with discrete DC subsets. However, the latter remain largely defined by phenotype and unique anatomic location, rather than function. The investigation of DC involvement in complex phenomena that rely on multicellular interactions, such as immuno-stimulation and tolerization calls for an assessment of DC functions within physiological context. Given the highly dynamic DC compartment, the method of choice to study in vivo DC functions is their conditional ablation in the intact organism. Here, we summarize the recent progress in this field highlighting pitfalls and prospects of the approach.
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Bullard DC, Hu X, Adams JE, Schoeb TR, Barnum SR. p150/95 (CD11c/CD18) expression is required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:2001-8. [PMID: 17525267 PMCID: PMC1899456 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
p150/95 (CD11c/CD18, CR4) is a member of the beta(2)-integrin family of adhesion molecules and is considered an important phagocytic receptor. The role of p150/95 in the development of central nervous system demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, remains unexplored. To determine p150/95-mediated mechanisms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we performed EAE using CD11c-deficient (CD11c(-/-)) mice. EAE in CD11c(-/-) mice was significantly attenuated and characterized by markedly reduced spinal cord T-cell infiltration and interferon-gamma production by these cells. Adoptive transfer of antigen-restimulated T cells from wild-type to CD11c(-/-) mice produced significantly attenuated EAE, whereas transfer of CD11c(-/-) antigen-restimulated T cells to control mice induced a very mild, monophasic EAE. T cells from MOG(35-55) peptide-primed CD11c(-/-) mice displayed an unusual cytokine phenotype with elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-12 but reduced levels of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10, IL-17, and transforming growth factor-beta compared with control mice. Overall, CD11c(-/-) T cells from primed mice proliferated comparably to that of control T cells on MOG(35-55) restimulation. Our results indicate that expression of p150/95 is critical on both T cells as well as other leukocytes for the development of demyelinating disease and may represent a novel therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Bullard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Infections, Immunity & their Effects on Asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [PMCID: PMC7162137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02583_7.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wozniak KL, Vyas JM, Levitz SM. In vivo role of dendritic cells in a murine model of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Infect Immun 2006; 74:3817-24. [PMID: 16790753 PMCID: PMC1489690 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00317-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) have been shown to phagocytose and kill Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and are believed to be important for inducing protective immunity against this organism. Exposure to C. neoformans occurs mainly by inhalation, and in this study we examined the in vivo interactions of C. neoformans with DC in the lung. Fluorescently labeled live C. neoformans and heat-killed C. neoformans were administered intranasally to C57BL/6 mice. At specific times postinoculation, mice were sacrificed, and lungs were removed. Single-cell suspensions of lung cells were prepared, stained, and analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry. Within 2 h postinoculation, fluorescently labeled C. neoformans had been internalized by DC, macrophages, and neutrophils in the mouse lung. Additionally, lung DC from mice infected for 7 days showed increased expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II. Finally, ex vivo incubation of lung DC from infected mice with Cryptococcus-specific T cells resulted in increased interleukin-2 production compared to the production by DC from naïve mice, suggesting that there was antigen-specific T-cell activation. This study demonstrated that DC in the lung are capable of phagocytosing Cryptococcus in vivo and presenting antigen to C. neoformans-specific T cells ex vivo, suggesting that these cells have roles in innate and adaptive pulmonary defenses against cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Wozniak
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Medical Center, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Lefrançois L, Puddington L. Intestinal and pulmonary mucosal T cells: local heroes fight to maintain the status quo. Annu Rev Immunol 2006; 24:681-704. [PMID: 16551263 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity in the lung and intestine is controlled by complex multifaceted systems. While mucosal T cells are essential for protection against invading pathogens owing to their proximity to the outside world, powerful systems must also be in place to harness ongoing inflammatory processes. In each site, distinct anatomical structures play key roles in mounting and executing both protective and deleterious mucosal T cell responses. Although analogies can be drawn regarding the immune systems of these two organs, there are substantial dissimilarities necessitated by unique physiologic constraints. Here, we discuss how T cell activation and effector function are generated in the mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lefrançois
- Center for Integrative Immunology and Vaccine Research, Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1319, USA.
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Leichsenring A, Linnartz B, Zhu XR, Lübbert H, Stichel CC. Ascending neuropathology in the CNS of a mutant SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res 2006; 1096:180-95. [PMID: 16737688 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing a mutated human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene develop a motor neuron disease similar to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). While the histopathology and the inflammatory reactions in the spinal cord of these mice are well described, their spatiotemporal extension into brain areas and the relationship between degenerative and inflammatory events remain obscure. In the present study, we investigated the time course and extent of degenerative changes and inflammatory reactions in the CNS during progression of the disease in a transgenic FALS model, the SOD1-G93A mouse with histological and immunohistochemical methods. Compared to non-transgenic littermates, the SOD1-G93A transgenics developed widespread degeneration in both motor and extra-motor regions up to telencephalic regions, including the cerebral cortex but sparing distinct regions like the striatum and hippocampus. We provide evidence that these degenerative processes are accompanied by intense inflammatory reactions in the brain, which spatiotemporally correlate with degeneration and comprise besides strong astro- and microgliotic reactions also an influx of peripheral immune cells such as T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Both degeneration and inflammatory reactions spread caudocranially, starting at 2 months in the spinal cord and reaching the telencephalon at 5 months of age. Since the corticospinal tract lacked any signs of degeneration, we conclude that the upper and the lower motor neurons degenerate independently of each other.
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