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Shaikh TB, Chandra Y, Andugulapati SB, Sistla R. Vistusertib improves pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by modulating inflammatory/oxidative stress mediators via suppressing the mTOR signalling. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1223-1237. [PMID: 38789791 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) by promoting the differentiation of fibroblasts through modulating various pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and mTOR signalling. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the effects and elucidate the mechanisms of vistusertib (VSB) in treating pulmonary inflammation/fibrosis, specifically by targeting the mTOR pathway using various in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in macrophages (RAW 264.7), epithelial (BEAS-2B) and endothelial (HMVEC-L) cells revealed that treatment with VSB significantly reduced the IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, and CCL7 expression. TGF-β induced differentiation was also significantly reduced upon VSB treatment in fibrotic cells (LL29 and DHLF). Further, bleomycin-induced inflammation and fibrosis models demonstrated that treatment with VSB significantly ameliorated the severe inflammation, and lung architectural distortion, by reducing the inflammatory markers expression/levels, inflammatory cells and oxidative stress indicators. Further, fibrosis model results exhibited that, VSB treatment significantly reduced the α-SMA, collagen and TGF-β expressions, improved the lung architecture and restored lung functions. CONCLUSION Overall, this study uncovers the anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects of VSB by modulating the mTOR activation. Although VSB was tested for lung fibrosis, it can be tested for other fibrotic disorders to improve the patient's survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslim B Shaikh
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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Tassew D, Fort S, Mebratu Y, McDonald J, Chu HW, Petersen H, Tesfaigzi Y. Effects of Wood Smoke Constituents on Mucin Gene Expression in Mice and Human Airway Epithelial Cells and on Nasal Epithelia of Subjects with a Susceptibility Gene Variant in Tp53. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:17010. [PMID: 35072516 PMCID: PMC8785869 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to wood smoke (WS) increases the risk for chronic bronchitis more than exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE The effect of WS and CS on mucous cell hyperplasia in mice and in human primary airway epithelial cells (AECs) was compared with replicate the findings in human cohorts. Responsible WS constituents were identified to better delineate the pathway involved, and the role of a tumor protein p53 (Tp53) gene polymorphism was investigated. METHODS Mice and primary human AECs were exposed to WS or CS and the signaling receptor and pathway were identified using short hairpin structures, small molecule inhibitors, and Western analyses. Mass spectrometric analysis was used to identify active WS constituents. The role of a gene variant in Tp53 that modifies proline to arginine was examined using nasal brushings from study participants in the Lovelace Smokers Cohort, primary human AECs, and mice with a modified Tp53 gene. RESULTS WS at 25-fold lower concentration than CS increased mucin expression more efficiently in mice and in human AECs in a p53 pathway-dependent manner. Study participants who were homozygous for p53 arginine compared with the proline variant showed higher mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA levels in nasal brushings if they reported WS exposure. The WS constituent, oxalate, increased MUC5AC levels similar to the whole WS extract, especially in primary human AECs homozygous for p53 arginine, and in mice with a modified Tp53 gene. Further, the anion exchange protein, SLC26A9, when reduced, enhanced WS- and oxalate-induced mucin expression. DISCUSSION The potency of WS compared with CS in inducing mucin expression may explain the increased risk for chronic bronchitis in participants exposed to WS. Identification of the responsible compounds could help estimate the risk of pollutants in causing chronic bronchitis in susceptible individuals and provide strategies to improve management of lung diseases. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tassew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Fort
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yohannes Mebratu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob McDonald
- Applied Sciences, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Hans Petersen
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shi G, Jiang H, Feng J, Zheng X, Zhang D, Jiang C, Zhang J. Aloe vera mitigates dextran sulfate sodium-induced rat ulcerative colitis by potentiating colon mucus barrier. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114108. [PMID: 33839199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Aloe vera) is a medicinal herb that used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as constipation and colitis. Recent studies also reported its beneficial effect in mitigating ulcerative colitis (UC). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of Aloe vera against UC remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore a relation between the therapeutical effects of Aloe vera in UC and colonic mucus secretion, and further investigate the underlying pathways through which Aloe vera regulates colon mucus as well as preliminarily studied the main active constitute of Aloe vera to alleviate UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-MS/MS were employed to analyze the Aloe vera extract. The rat models of UC were induced by free subjected to fresh 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution for 8 days and then accessed to tap water for 2 days. Aloe vera extract (18 mg/kg and 72 mg/kg) or 5-ASA (400 mg/kg) was administered orally from day 1-10. At the end of experiment, rats were sacrificed and the colon tissues were harvested for analysis. UC symptoms was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI), colon length and H&E staining. The Alcian blue stain were determined colon mucus layer. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, mucin and inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues were determined by ELISA. The expression of related proteins on PI3K/AKT and PKC/ERK signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot. We then evaluated the effects of three main components of Aloe vera (Aloe-emodin, aloin A and B) on mucin secretion and cytokine expression in vitro by ELISA. RESULTS Oral supplement with Aloe vera extract resulted in a significantly decreased DSS-induced UC symptoms, including decreased DAI, prevention of the colon length shortening, and alleviation of the pathological changes occurring in colon. The expression of colonic pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were suppressed, yet the expression of IL-10 was up-regulated by Aloe vera treatment. Moreover, Aloe vera significantly up-regulated the expressions of mucin proteins (e.g., MUC2 and MUC5AC) and increased the thickness of mucus layer in the colon. Further, we revealed that Aloe vera significantly upregulated p-PKC and p-ERK expression and downregulated p-PI3K and p-AKT expression. Finally, we discovered that treat with aloin A markedly decreased IL-6 levels and increased MUC2 expression in LPS-stimulated LS174T cell. CONCLUSION These results support that Aloe vera improved UC by enhancing colon mucus barrier functions in addition to reducing inflammation. Moreover, aloin A might be a main active components of Aloe vera to ameliorate UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Shi
- School of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jianrong Feng
- Department of colorectal surgery, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, PR China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
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Czekala L, Wieczorek R, Simms L, Yu F, Budde J, Trelles Sticken E, Rudd K, Verron T, Brinster O, Stevenson M, Walele T. Multi-endpoint analysis of human 3D airway epithelium following repeated exposure to whole electronic vapor product aerosol or cigarette smoke. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:99-115. [PMID: 34345855 PMCID: PMC8320624 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a cause of serious diseases in smokers including chronic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the tobacco harm reduction (THR) potential of an electronic vapor product (EVP, myblu™) compared to a Kentucky Reference Cigarette (3R4F), and assessed endpoints related to chronic respiratory diseases. Endpoints included: cytotoxicity, barrier integrity (TEER), cilia function, immunohistochemistry, and pro-inflammatory markers. In order to more closely represent the user exposure scenario, we have employed the in vitro 3D organotypic model of human airway epithelium (MucilAir™, Epithelix) for respiratory assessment. The model was repeatedly exposed to either whole aerosol of the EVP, or whole 3R4F smoke, at the air liquid interface (ALI), for 4 weeks to either 30, 60 or 90 puffs on 3-exposure-per-week basis. 3R4F smoke generation used the ISO 20778:2018 regime and EVP aerosol used the ISO 20768:2018 vaping regime. Exposure to undiluted whole EVP aerosol did not trigger any significant changes in the level of pro-inflammatory mediators, cilia beating function, barrier integrity and cytotoxicity when compared with air controls. In contrast, exposure to diluted (1:17) whole cigarette smoke caused significant changes to all the endpoints mentioned above. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the effects of repeated whole cigarette smoke and whole EVP aerosol exposure to a 3D lung model at the ALI. Our results add to the growing body of scientific literature supporting the THR potential of EVPs relative to combustible cigarettes and the applicability of the 3D lung models in human-relevant product risk assessments.
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Key Words
- 2D, Two Dimensional
- 3D, Three Dimensional
- 3R4F, Scientific Reference Tobacco Cigarette (University of Kentucky)
- ALI, Air-Liquid Interface
- ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
- AOP, Adverse Outcome Pathway
- CAA, Cilia Active Area
- CBF, Cilia Beat Frequency
- COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- CYP450, Cytochrome P450
- Cigarette
- Cilia
- DPBS, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline containing Ca2+ and Mg2+
- EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
- EVP, Electronic Vapor Product
- Electronic vapor product
- FOX-J1, Forkhead Box J1 protein
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- IIVS, Institute for In Vitro Sciences
- IL-13, Interleukin 13
- IL-1β, Interleukin 1 Beta
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- IL-8, Interleukin-8
- ISO, International Organization for Standardization
- Immunohistochemistry
- KERs, Key Event Relationships
- KEs, Key Events
- LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase
- MIE, Molecular Initiating Event
- MMP-1, Matrix Metalloproteinase-1
- MMP-3, Matrix Metalloproteinase-3
- MMP-9, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
- MUC5AC, Mucin 5AC Protein
- MWP, Multi-Well Plate
- NKT, Natural Killer T Cells
- Organotypic tissue model
- PBS, Phosphate Buffered Saline
- PMN, polymorphonuclear
- Pro-inflammatory markers
- SAEIVS, Smoke Aerosol Exposure In Vitro System
- TEER, Transepithelial Electrical Resistance
- THR, Tobacco Harm Reduction
- TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
- TPM, Total Particulate Matter
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Czekala
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Wieczorek
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-EinsteinRing-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liam Simms
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, United Kingdom
| | - Fan Yu
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Budde
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-EinsteinRing-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Trelles Sticken
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-EinsteinRing-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathryn Rudd
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Verron
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg Brinster
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-EinsteinRing-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Stevenson
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, United Kingdom
| | - Tanvir Walele
- Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, United Kingdom
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Lee JW, Ryu HW, Lee SU, Kim MG, Kwon OK, Kim MO, Oh TK, Lee JK, Kim TY, Lee SW, Choi S, Li WY, Ahn KS, Oh SR. Pistacia weinmannifolia ameliorates cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide‑induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting interleukin‑8 production and NF‑κB activation. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:949-959. [PMID: 31257455 PMCID: PMC6657956 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pistacia weinmannifolia (PW) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat headaches, dysentery, enteritis and influenza. However, PW has not been known for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present in vitro analysis confirmed that PW root extract (PWRE) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in phorbol myristate acetate- or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-stimulated human lung epithelial NCI-H292 cells by attenuating the expression of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and Mucin A5 (MUC5AC), which are closely associated with the pulmonary inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of COPD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of PWRE on pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopoly-saccharide (LPS). Treatment with PWRE significantly reduced the quantity of neutrophils and the levels of inflammatory molecules and toxic molecules, including tumor TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, neutrophil elastase and reactive oxygen species, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice with CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. PWRE also attenuated the influx of inflammatory cells in the lung tissues. Furthermore, PWRE downregulated the activation of nuclear factor-κB and the expression of phosphodiesterase 4 in the lung tissues. Therefore, these findings suggest that PWRE may be a valuable adjuvant treatment for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ok Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Oh
- BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Ansan, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Ansan, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Ansan, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650200, P.R. China
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
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Chen ACH, Burr L, McGuckin MA. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in respiratory disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1019. [PMID: 29928501 PMCID: PMC5999202 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related states that can occur in cells as part of normal physiology but occur frequently in diseases involving inflammation. In this article, we review recent findings relating to the role of oxidative and ER stress in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic nonmalignant diseases of the lung, including infections, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. We also explore the potential of drugs targeting oxidative and ER stress pathways to alleviate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C-H Chen
- Diamantina Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Department of Cell and Molecular Therapy Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lucy Burr
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Mater Adult Hospital and Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Raymond Tce, South Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Inflammatory Disease Biology and Therapeutics Group Translational Research Institute Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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Antosova M, Mokra D, Pepucha L, Plevkova J, Buday T, Sterusky M, Bencova A. Physiology of nitric oxide in the respiratory system. Physiol Res 2018; 66:S159-S172. [PMID: 28937232 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous neurotransmitter and mediator. It participates in regulation of physiological processes in different organ systems including airways. Therefore, it is important to clarify its role in the regulation of both airway and vascular smooth muscle, neurotransmission and neurotoxicity, mucus transport, lung development and in the. surfactant production. The bioactivity of NO is highly variable and depends on many factors: the presence and activity of NO-producing enzymes, activity of competitive enzymes (e.g. arginase), the amount of substrate for the NO production, the presence of reactive oxygen species and others. All of these can change NO primary physiological role into potentially harmful. The borderline between them is very fragile and in many cases not entirely clear. For this reason, the research focuses on a comprehensive understanding of NO synthesis and its metabolic pathways, genetic polymorphisms of NO synthesizing enzymes and related effects. Research is also motivated by frequent use of exhaled NO monitoring in the clinical manifestations of respiratory diseases. The review focuses on the latest knowledge about the production and function of this mediator and understanding the basic physiological processes in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antosova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Respirology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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8
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Lee JW, Kim YI, Im CN, Kim SW, Kim SJ, Min S, Joo YH, Yim SV, Chung N. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Inhibits Mucin Synthesis and Viral Replication by Suppression of AP-1 and NF-κB via p38 MAPKs/JNK Signaling Pathways in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected A549 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4472-4483. [PMID: 28502165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are often infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), one of the most common causes of asthma, bronchiolitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia. During the infection process, excessive mucins instigate airway inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying RSV-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation is poorly understood. Furthermore, no reliable vaccines or drugs for antiviral therapy are available. In this study, the effect of the natural compound grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on RSV-infected human airway epithelial cells A549 was evaluated. After pretreatment of the cells with or without exposure to RSV with 5-10 μg GSP/mL, the expression of various mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting, as well as confocal microscopy. We found that GSP significantly decreased RSV-induced mucin synthesis at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, GSP suppressed the RSV-induced signaling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38, together with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activating protein-1 family members (c-Jun and c-Fos). Concomitantly, GSP inhibited the replication of RSV within A549 cells. Taken together, all our results suggest that GSP could be a potent therapeutic agent to suppress excessive mucus production and viral replication in RSV-induced airway inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center , Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center , Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University , Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Yong Hoon Joo
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Namhyun Chung
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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9
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Hariri BM, McMahon DB, Chen B, Freund JR, Mansfield CJ, Doghramji LJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Reed DR, Jiang P, Lee RJ. Flavones modulate respiratory epithelial innate immunity: Anti-inflammatory effects and activation of the T2R14 receptor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8484-8497. [PMID: 28373278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis has a significant impact on patient quality of life, creates billions of dollars of annual healthcare costs, and accounts for ∼20% of adult antibiotic prescriptions in the United States. Because of the rise of resistant microorganisms, there is a critical need to better understand how to stimulate and/or enhance innate immune responses as a therapeutic modality to treat respiratory infections. We recently identified bitter taste receptors (taste family type 2 receptors, or T2Rs) as important regulators of sinonasal immune responses and potentially important therapeutic targets. Here, we examined the immunomodulatory potential of flavones, a class of flavonoids previously demonstrated to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Some flavones are also T2R agonists. We found that several flavones inhibit Muc5AC and inducible NOS up-regulation as well as cytokine release in primary and cultured airway cells in response to several inflammatory stimuli. This occurs at least partly through inhibition of protein kinase C and receptor tyrosine kinase activity. We also demonstrate that sinonasal ciliated epithelial cells express T2R14, which closely co-localizes (<7 nm) with the T2R38 isoform. Heterologously expressed T2R14 responds to multiple flavones. These flavones also activate T2R14-driven calcium signals in primary cells that activate nitric oxide production to increase ciliary beating and mucociliary clearance. TAS2R38 polymorphisms encode functional (PAV: proline, alanine, and valine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) or non-functional (AVI: alanine, valine, isoleucine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) T2R38. Our data demonstrate that T2R14 in sinonasal cilia is a potential therapeutic target for upper respiratory infections and that flavones may have clinical potential as topical therapeutics, particularly in T2R38 AVI/AVI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Danielle R Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
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10
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Hwang JH, Park SJ, Ko WG, Kang SM, Lee DB, Bang J, Park BJ, Wee CB, Kim DJ, Jang IS, Ko JH. Cordycepin induces human lung cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting nitric oxide mediated ERK/Slug signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:417-432. [PMID: 28401001 PMCID: PMC5385633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule and a component of the inflammatory cascade. Besides, it is also involved in tumorigenesis. Aberrant upregulation and activation of the ERK cascade by NO often leads to tumor cell development. However, the role of ERK inactivation induced by the negative regulation of NO during apoptosis is not completely understood. In this study, treatment of A549 and PC9 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with cordycepin led to a reduction in their viability. Analysis of the effect of cordycepin treatment on ERK/Slug signaling activity in the A549 cell line revealed that LPS-induced inflammatory microenvironments could stimulate the expression of TNF-α, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and upregulate NO, phospho-ERK (p-ERK), and Slug expression. In addition, constitutive expression of NO was observed. Cordycepin inhibited LPS-induced stimulation of iNOS, NO, p-ERK, and Slug expression. L-NAME, an inhibitor of NOS, inhibited p-ERK and Slug expression. It was also found that cordycepin-mediated inhibition of ERK downregulated Slug, whereas overexpression of ERK led to an upregulation of Slug levels in the cordycepin-treated A549 cells. Inhibition of Slug by siRNA induced Bax and caspase-3, leading to cordycepin-induced apoptosis. Cordycepin-mediated inhibition of ERK led to a reduction in phospho-GSK3β (p-GSK3β) and Slug levels, whereas LiCl, an inhibitor of GSK3β, upregulated p-GSK3β and Slug. Overall, the results obtained indicate that cordycepin inhibits the ERK/Slug signaling pathway through the activation of GSK3β which, in turn, upregulates Bax, leading to apoptosis of the lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoo Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk UniversityWanju 55338, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Bin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Bang
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Park
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Beum Wee
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ko
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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11
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Leconte M, Chouzenoux S, Nicco C, Chéreau C, Arkwright S, Santulli P, Weill B, Chapron C, Dousset B, Batteux F. Role of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in the development of deep rectal endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 103:45-52. [PMID: 24534089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunological and angiogenetic factors enhance the implantation of endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this work was to determine the role of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in the attraction and the peritoneal implantation of endometriotic stromal cells in deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Biopsies of DIE nodules were obtained from 14 patients undergoing surgical treatment for DIE with low rectal involvement and from 12 patients without macroscopic endometriosis undergoing laparoscopy. CXCR4 expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry in eutopic endometrial cells and DIE stromal cells in primary cultures derived from the biopsies. CXCL12-induced migration of DIE eutopic endometrial stromal cells was evaluated by transwell migration. CXCL12 was assayed in peritoneal fluids by ELISA. CXCR4 expression was higher in eutopic endometrial stromal cells than in control endometrial cells (p<0.05) and in DIE stromal cells (p<0.05). Eutopic endometrial stromal cells were more attracted by CXCL12 than control cells (p<0.01). CXCL12 was higher in DIE peritoneal fluids than in controls (p<0.05). CXCR4 was down-regulated in deep infiltrating endometriotic stromal cells. The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis plays a role in the attraction of eutopic endometrial cells into the peritoneal cavity, and the down-regulation of CXCR4 in resident endometriotic cells could cause their arrest in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leconte
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA 1833, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - S Chouzenoux
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA 1833, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - C Nicco
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA 1833, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - C Chéreau
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA 1833, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - S Arkwright
- Department of Pathology, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - P Santulli
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA 1833, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - B Weill
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA 1833, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - C Chapron
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - B Dousset
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - F Batteux
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA 1833, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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12
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Exacerbated airway toxicity of environmental oxidant ozone in mice deficient in Nrf2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:254069. [PMID: 23766849 PMCID: PMC3665255 DOI: 10.1155/2013/254069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidant in air pollution that has harmful effects on airways and exacerbates respiratory disorders. The transcription factor Nrf2 protects airways from oxidative stress through antioxidant response element-bearing defense gene induction. The present study was designed to determine the role of Nrf2 in airway toxicity caused by inhaled O3 in mice. For this purpose, Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice received acute and subacute exposures to O3. Lung injury was determined by bronchoalveolar lavage and histopathologic analyses. Oxidation markers and mucus hypersecretion were determined by ELISA, and Nrf2 and its downstream effectors were determined by RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Acute and sub-acute O3 exposures heightened pulmonary inflammation, edema, and cell death more severely in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in Nrf2(+/+) mice. O3 caused bronchiolar and terminal bronchiolar proliferation in both genotypes of mice, while the intensity of compensatory epithelial proliferation, bronchial mucous cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion was greater in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in Nrf2(+/+) mice. Relative to Nrf2(+/+), O3 augmented lung protein and lipid oxidation more highly in Nrf2(-/-) mice. Results suggest that Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates oxidative stress and airway injury caused by the environmental pollutant O3.
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13
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Lillehoj EP, Kato K, Lu W, Kim KC. Cellular and molecular biology of airway mucins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 303:139-202. [PMID: 23445810 PMCID: PMC5593132 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407697-6.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Airway mucus constitutes a thin layer of airway surface liquid with component macromolecules that covers the luminal surface of the respiratory tract. The major function of mucus is to protect the lungs through mucociliary clearance of inhaled foreign particles and noxious chemicals. Mucus is comprised of water, ions, mucin glycoproteins, and a variety of other macromolecules, some of which possess anti-microbial, anti-protease, and anti-oxidant activities. Mucins comprise the major protein component of mucus and exist as secreted and cell-associated glycoproteins. Secreted, gel-forming mucins are mainly responsible for the viscoelastic property of mucus, which is crucial for effective mucociliary clearance. Cell-associated mucins shield the epithelial surface from pathogens through their extracellular domains and regulate intracellular signaling through their cytoplasmic regions. However, neither the exact structures of mucin glycoproteins, nor the manner through which their expression is regulated, are completely understood. This chapter reviews what is currently known about the cellular and molecular properties of airway mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kwang C. Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Zhou X, Tu J, Li Q, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Hypoxia induces mucin expression and secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. Transl Res 2012; 160:419-27. [PMID: 23084780 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in the transcriptional activation of MUC5AC in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) 16 cells under hypoxia conditions and the effect of hypoxia on expression and secretion of MUC5AC. Cells were incubated in hypoxia medium. Serial deletions or mutations of the MUC5AC promoter were cloned in the reporter pGL3-basic plasmid (Promega Biotech Co, Ltd, Beijing, China). These reporter plasmids were cotransfected with HIF-1α small interfering RNA. Hypoxia markedly increased the level of MUC5AC secretion and the transcriptional activity of MUC5AC promoters. Western blot analysis showed that HIF-1α and MUC5AC proteins were strongly increased after HBE16 cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions. Treatment of HBE16 cells with HIF-1α inhibitor (YC-1) or HIF-1α small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the expression of HIF-1α and MUC5AC, and the secretion of MUC5AC. Depletion of the promoter sequence did not reduce the MUC5AC promoter activity to hypoxia. Luciferase assay indicated that HRE in the MUC5AC promoter was in the region from -120 to +54. Promoter sequence analysis showed that 1 HRE site at -65 plays an important role in hypoxia activation of the MUC5AC. The inactivation of the HRE site using site-directed mutagenesis led to the complete loss of induction by hypoxia, which further confirmed the key role of the HRE site. MUC5AC expression and secretion are upregulated in response to hypoxia. The HRE site at -65 in the MUC5AC promoter and the HIF-1α are the major regulators for the cellular response against hypoxia in human bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Luiz-Ferreira A, Cola M, Barbastefano V, de-Faria FM, de Almeida ABA, Farias-Silva E, Calvo TR, Hiruma-Lima CA, Vilegas W, Souza-Brito ARM. Healing, antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of Indigofera truxillensis in different models of gastric ulcer in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203107 PMCID: PMC3509623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antiulcerogenic activity and mechanisms of the aqueous (AqF 100 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate (AcF 50 mg/kg) fractions from Indigofera truxillensis leaves. This dose was selected to assess its activity on ulcer healing and its action on gastric acid and mucus secretion, prostaglandin production and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd)). Gastric ulcer was induced by absolute ethanol. Antisecretory action, mucus and prostaglandin production, healing and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated for both fractions. AqF and AcF significantly inhibited the gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol. This effect was statistically significant at 100 and 50 mg/kg compared with the vehicle. Neither fraction interfered with gastric secretion. AcF increased the PGE(2) production, and both fractions increased mucus production. l-NAME did not alter the gastroprotection exerted by the fractions, but N-ethylmaleimide attenuated only AcF. In the ischemia/reperfusion model both fractions inhibited the mucosal damage. AcF increased SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-Rd activity, but AqF increased only SOD and GSH-Px. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model AcF only accelerated ulcer healing. These results showed that Indigofera truxillensis acted as a gastroprotective agent, stimulating protective factors and antioxidants enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luiz-Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 75704-020, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, Campinas University, 13083-865, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (V.B.); (A.B.A.A.); (E.F.-S.); (A.R.M.S.-B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-64-34415348
| | - Maira Cola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.C.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Victor Barbastefano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, Campinas University, 13083-865, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (V.B.); (A.B.A.A.); (E.F.-S.); (A.R.M.S.-B.)
| | - Felipe Meira de-Faria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.C.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Ana Beatriz A. de Almeida
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, Campinas University, 13083-865, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (V.B.); (A.B.A.A.); (E.F.-S.); (A.R.M.S.-B.)
| | - Elisângela Farias-Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, Campinas University, 13083-865, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (V.B.); (A.B.A.A.); (E.F.-S.); (A.R.M.S.-B.)
| | - Tamara Regina Calvo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.R.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Clélia A. Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.R.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Alba Regina M. Souza-Brito
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, Campinas University, 13083-865, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mails: (V.B.); (A.B.A.A.); (E.F.-S.); (A.R.M.S.-B.)
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16
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Raja SB, Murali MR, Devaraj H, Devaraj SN. Differential expression of gastric MUC5AC in colonic epithelial cells: TFF3-wired IL1 β/Akt crosstalk-induced mucosal immune response against Shigella dysenteriae infection. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:703-13. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the signaling mechanism(s) that regulate the differential expression of gastric mucin MUC5AC in colonic epithelial cells would contribute significantly to investigations of its role in colonic mucosa infected with the bacterial pathogen Shigella dysenteriae. Here we show that S. dysenteriae-Sinduced expression of interleukin-1β upregulates MUC2 expression and the differential expression of MUC5AC. Differential expression of MUC5AC involves crosstalk between interleukin-1β and Akt, whereby the trefoil factor family peptide TFF3 activates Akt by phosphorylation of EGFR. TFF3 also downregulates E-cadherin expression, causing accumulation of β-catenin in the cytosol. Phosphorylation of GSK-3β (inactivated) by activated Akt inhibits ubiquitylation of β-catenin, leading to its nuclear translocation, which then induces the expression of MUC5AC and cyclin D1. Accumulation of cyclin D1 alters the cell cycle, promoting cell survival and proliferation. Human colon HT29MTX cells, which overexpress MUC5AC, were resistant to adherence and invasion of S. dysenteriae when compared with other mucin-secreting HT29 cell types. Thus, during infection with S. dysenteriae, crosstalk between interleukin-1β and Akt wired by TFF3 induces expression of MUC5AC in colonic epithelial cells. Differentially expressed gastric MUC5AC aids in mucosal clearance of S. dysenteriae, inhibiting adherence and invasion of the pathogen to colonic epithelial cells, which protects the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniya Bharathi Raja
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Malliga Raman Murali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Halagowder Devaraj
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, x
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17
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Chen EY, Daley D, Wang YC, Garnica M, Chen CS, Chin WC. Functionalized carboxyl nanoparticles enhance mucus dispersion and hydration. Sci Rep 2012; 2:211. [PMID: 22355725 PMCID: PMC3251626 DOI: 10.1038/srep00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal accumulation of viscous, poorly hydrated, and less transportable mucus has been associated with altered mucus rheology and reduced mucociliary clearance. These symptoms are some of the cardinal clinical manifestations found throughout major respiratory diseases as well as gastrointestinal and digestive disorders. Applications of current mucolytics may yield short-term improvements but are continuously challenged by undesirable side-effects. While nanoparticles (NPs) can interact with mucin polymers,whether functionalized NPs can rectify mucus rheology is unknown. Herein, we report that carboxyl-functionalized NPs (24 nm and 120 nm) dramatically reduced mucin gel size and accelerated mucin matrix hydration rate (diffusivity). Our results suggest that carboxyl-functionalized NPs disperse mucin gels possibly by enhancing network hydration. This report highlights the prospective usages of carboxyl-functionalized NPs as a novel mucus dispersant or mucolytic agent in adjusting mucus rheological properties and improving mucociliary transport to relieve clinical symptoms of patients suffering from relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - David Daley
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Yung-Chen Wang
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Maria Garnica
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, CA 95343, USA. 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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18
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Leconte M, Nicco C, Ngô C, Chéreau C, Chouzenoux S, Marut W, Guibourdenche J, Arkwright S, Weill B, Chapron C, Dousset B, Batteux F. The mTOR/AKT inhibitor temsirolimus prevents deep infiltrating endometriosis in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:880-9. [PMID: 21718677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a particular clinical and histological entity of endometriosis responsible for chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Here we characterize the proliferative phenotype of DIE cells, to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could explain their aggressive potential. In addition, the inhibition of mTOR/AKT pathway was tested, as a potential treatment of DIE. Included were 22 patients with DIE and 12 control patients without endometriosis. Epithelial and stromal cells were extracted from biopsies of eutopic endometrium and deep infiltrating endometriotic nodules from patients with DIE. Cell proliferation was determined by thymidine incorporation. Oxidative stress was assayed by spectrofluorometry. The ERK and mTOR/AKT pathways were analyzed in vitro by Western blot and for AKT in vivo in a mouse model of DIE. The proliferation rate of eutopic endometrial cells and of deep infiltrating endometriotic cells from DIE patients was higher than that of endometrial cells from controls. The hyperproliferative phenotype of endometriotic cells was associated with an increase in endogenous oxidative stress, and with activation of the ERK and mTOR/AKT pathways. mTOR/AKT inhibition by temsirolimus decreased endometriotic cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of DIE. Blocking the mTOR/AKT pathway offers new prospects for the treatment of DIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaut Leconte
- Laboratory of Immunology, Paris Descartes University, Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
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19
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Choi JH, Hwang YP, Han EH, Kim HG, Park BH, Lee HS, Park BK, Lee YC, Chung YC, Jeong HG. Inhibition of acrolein-stimulated MUC5AC expression by Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponin in A549 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2157-66. [PMID: 21664222 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucin overproduction is a hallmark of chronic airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of acrolein-induced expression of mucin 5, subtypes A and C (MUC5AC) by Changkil saponin (CKS) in A549 cells. Acrolein, a known toxin in tobacco smoke and an endogenous mediator of oxidative stress, increases the expression of airway MUC5AC, a major component of airway mucus. CKS, a Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponin, inhibited acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression and activity, through the suppression of NF-κB activation. CKS also repressed acrolein-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38MAPK, which are upstream signaling molecules that control MUC5AC expression. In addition, the MAPK inhibitors PD98059 (ERK1/2), SP600125 (JNK1/2), and SB203580 (p38 MAPK), and a PKC delta inhibitor (rottlerin; PKCδ) inhibited acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression and activity. CKS repressed acrolein-induced phosphorylation of PKCδ. Moreover, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-acetylcysteine, inhibited acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression and activity through the suppression of PKCδ and MAPK activation, and CKS repressed acrolein-induced ROS production. These results suggest that CKS suppresses acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB via ROS-PKCδ-MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Choi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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20
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McGuckin MA, Lindén SK, Sutton P, Florin TH. Mucin dynamics and enteric pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011. [PMID: 21407243 DOI: 10.1038/nrm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular secreted mucus and the cell surface glycocalyx prevent infection by the vast numbers of microorganisms that live in the healthy gut. Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of these barriers. In this Review, we describe the components of the secreted and cell surface mucosal barriers and the evidence that they form an effective barricade against potential pathogens. However, successful enteric pathogens have evolved strategies to circumvent these barriers. We discuss the interactions between enteric pathogens and mucins, and the mechanisms that these pathogens use to disrupt and avoid mucosal barriers. In addition, we describe dynamic alterations in the mucin barrier that are driven by host innate and adaptive immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McGuckin
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland School of Medicine, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
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22
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Chen EYT, Wang YC, Chen CS, Chin WC. Functionalized positive nanoparticles reduce mucin swelling and dispersion. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15434. [PMID: 21085670 PMCID: PMC2978103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively investigated for their potential in household and commercial products, and biomedical applications. Previous reports have confirmed the cellular nanotoxicity and adverse inflammatory effects on pulmonary systems induced by NPs. However, possible health hazards resulting from mucus rheological disturbances induced by NPs are underexplored. Accumulation of viscous, poorly dispersed, and less transportable mucus leading to improper mucus rheology and dysfunctional mucociliary clearance are typically found to associate with many respiratory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Whether functionalized NPs can alter mucus rheology and its operational mechanisms have not been resolved. Herein, we report that positively charged functionalized NPs can hinder mucin gel hydration and effectively induce mucin aggregation. The positively charged NPs can significantly reduce the rate of mucin matrix swelling by a maximum of 7.5 folds. These NPs significantly increase the size of aggregated mucin by approximately 30 times within 24 hrs. EGTA chelation of indigenous mucin crosslinkers (Ca2+ ions) was unable to effectively disperse NP-induced aggregated mucins. Our results have demonstrated that positively charged functionalized NPs can impede mucin gel swelling by crosslinking the matrix. This report also highlights the unexpected health risk of NP-induced change in mucus rheological properties resulting in possible mucociliary transport impairment on epithelial mucosa and related health problems. In addition, our data can serve as a prospective guideline for designing nanocarriers for airway drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. T. Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Yung-Chen Wang
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Leconte M, Nicco C, Ngô C, Arkwright S, Chéreau C, Guibourdenche J, Weill B, Chapron C, Dousset B, Batteux F. Antiproliferative effects of cannabinoid agonists on deep infiltrating endometriosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2963-70. [PMID: 21057002 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is characterized by chronic pain, hyperproliferation of endometriotic cells and fibrosis. Since cannabinoids are endowed with antiproliferative and antifibrotic properties, in addition to their psychogenic and analgesic effects, cannabinoid agonists have been evaluated in DIE both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55212-2 were evaluated on primary endometriotic and endometrial stromal and epithelial cell lines extracted from patients with or without DIE. Cell proliferation was determined by thymidine incorporation and production of reactive oxygen species by spectrofluorometry. ERK and Akt pathways were studied by immunoblotting. Immunoblotting of α-smooth muscle actin was studied as evidence of myofibroblastic transformation. The in vivo effects of WIN 55212-2 were evaluated on Nude mice implanted with human deep infiltrating endometriotic nodules. The in vitro treatment of stromal endometriotic cells by WIN 55212-2 decreased cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, and α-smooth muscle actin expression. The decrease in cell proliferation induced by WIN 55212-2 was not associated with a decrease in ERK activation, but was associated with the inhibition of Akt activation. WIN 55212-2 abrogated the growth of endometriotic tissue implanted in Nude mice. Cannabinoid agonists exert anti-proliferative effects on stromal endometriotic cells linked to the inhibition of the Akt pathway. These beneficial effects of cannabinoid agonists on DIE have been confirmed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaut Leconte
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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24
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Chen EYT, Yang N, Quinton PM, Chin WC. A new role for bicarbonate in mucus formation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L542-9. [PMID: 20693315 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00180.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of small anions on the physical properties of gel-forming mucin has been almost overlooked relative to that of cations. Recently, based on the coincident abnormalities in HCO(3)(-) secretion and abnormal mucus formed in the hereditary disease cystic fibrosis (CF), HCO(3)(-) was hypothesized to be critical in the formation of normal mucus by virtue of its ability to sequester Ca(2+) from condensed mucins being discharged from cells. However, direct evidence of the impact of HCO(3)(-) on mucus properties is lacking. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that mucin diffusivity (∼1/viscosity) increases as a function of [HCO(3)(-)]. Direct measurements of exocytosed mucin-swelling kinetics from airway cells showed that mucin diffusivity increases by ∼300% with 20 mM extracellular HCO(3)(-) concentration. Supporting data indicate that HCO(3)(-) reduces free Ca(2+) concentration and decreases the amount of Ca(2+) that remains associated with mucins. The results demonstrate that HCO(3)(-) enhances mucin swelling and hydration by reducing Ca(2+) cross-linking in mucins, thereby decreasing its viscosity and likely increasing its transportability. In addition, HCO(3)(-) can function as a Ca(2+) chelator like EGTA to disperse mucin aggregates. This study indicates that poor HCO(3)(-) availability in CF may explain why secreted mucus remains aggregated and more viscous in affected organs. These insights bear on not only the fundamental pathogenesis in CF, but also on the process of gel mucus formation and release in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y T Chen
- Bioengineering, Univ. of California at Merced, 95343, USA
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25
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Corso-Díaz X, Krukoff TL. nNOS alpha and nNOS beta localization to aggresome-like inclusions is dependent on HSP90 activity. J Neurochem 2010; 114:864-72. [PMID: 20492351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive gas that participates in many physiological processes including neuroplasticity and neuronal survival. In brain neurons, NO is produced by two variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), nNOSalpha and nNOSbeta. The activity of nNOSalpha is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates nNOSalpha activity by facilitating heme insertion into the nNOSalpha monomer, resulting in increased NO production. HSP90 also regulates nNOSalpha degradation through the proteasome pathway. Here, we show in vitro that inhibition of HSP90 with geldanamycin increases nNOS mobility and induces formation of aggresome-like inclusions containing both nNOSalpha and nNOSbeta in primary cortical neurons. We also report the formation of endogenous nNOS-containing aggresome-like inclusions in healthy, untreated, mature primary cortical neurons. We propose that nNOS aggregation may be an additional mechanism for regulating nNOS activity, as has been proposed for inducible nitric oxide synthase. These findings reveal a new role for HSP90 in regulating nNOS sub-cellular localization and underscore the complexity of nNOS regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Corso-Díaz
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Patel S, Kumar S, Jyoti A, Srinag BS, Keshari RS, Saluja R, Verma A, Mitra K, Barthwal MK, Krishnamurthy H, Bajpai VK, Dikshit M. Nitric oxide donors release extracellular traps from human neutrophils by augmenting free radical generation. Nitric Oxide 2010; 22:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Murphy A, Tantisira KG, Soto-Quirós ME, Avila L, Klanderman BJ, Lake S, Weiss ST, Celedón JC. PRKCA: a positional candidate gene for body mass index and asthma. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:87-96. [PMID: 19576566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma incidence and prevalence are higher in obese individuals. A potential mechanistic basis for this relationship is pleiotropy. We hypothesized that significant linkage and candidate-gene association would be found for body mass index (BMI) in a population ascertained on asthma affection status. Linkage analysis for BMI was performed on 657 subjects in eight Costa Rican families enrolled in a study of asthma. Family-based association studies were conducted for BMI with SNPs within a positional candidate gene, PRKCA. SNPs within PRKCA were also tested for association with asthma. Association studies were conducted in 415 Costa Rican parent-child trios and 493 trios participating in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP). Although only modest evidence of linkage for BMI was obtained for the whole cohort, significant linkage was noted for BMI in females on chromosome 17q (peak LOD = 3.39). Four SNPs in a candidate gene in this region (PRKCA) had unadjusted association p values < 0.05 for BMI in both cohorts, with the joint p value for two SNPs remaining significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (rs228883 and rs1005651, joint p values = 9.5 x 10(-)(5) and 5.6 x 10(-)(5)). Similarly, eight SNPs had unadjusted association p values < 0.05 for asthma in both populations, with one SNP remaining significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (rs11079657, joint p value = 2.6 x 10(-)(5)). PRKCA is a pleiotropic locus that is associated with both BMI and asthma and that has been identified via linkage analysis of BMI in a population ascertained on asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Murphy
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ngô C, Chéreau C, Nicco C, Weill B, Chapron C, Batteux F. Reactive oxygen species controls endometriosis progression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:225-34. [PMID: 19498006 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is associated with chronic inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are proinflammatory mediators that modulate cell proliferation. We have investigated whether the dysregulation of ROS production in endometriotic cells correlates with a pro-proliferative phenotype and can explain the spreading of this disease. Stromal and epithelial cells were purified from ovarian endometrioma and eutopic endometrium from 14 patients with endometriosis to produce four primary cell lines from each patient. ROS production, detoxification pathways, cell proliferation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation were studied and compared with epithelial and stromal cell lines from 14 patients without endometriosis. Modulation of the proliferation of endometriosis by N-acetyl-cysteine, danazol, and mifepristone was tested in vitro and in 28 nude mice implanted with endometriotic tissue of human origin. Endometriotic cells displayed higher endogenous oxidative stress with an increase in ROS production, alterations in ROS detoxification pathways, and a drop in catalase levels, as observed for tumor cells. This increase in endogenous ROS correlated with increased cellular proliferation and activation of ERK1/2. These phenomena were abrogated by the antioxidant molecule N-acetyl-cysteine both in vitro and in a mouse model of endometriosis. Human endometriotic cells display activated pERK, enhanced ROS production, and proliferative capability. Our murine model shows that antioxidant molecules could be used as safe and efficient treatments for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ngô
- Faculté de Médecine, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Wagner JG, Harkema JR, Jiang Q, Illek B, Ames BN, Peden DB. Gamma-tocopherol attenuates ozone-induced exacerbation of allergic rhinosinusitis in rats. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:481-91. [PMID: 19389874 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309335630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compared to healthy subjects, individuals with allergic airway disease (e.g., asthma, allergic rhinitis) have enhanced inflammatory responses to inhaled ozone. We created a rodent model of ozone-enhanced allergic nasal responses in Brown Norway rats to test the therapeutic effects of the dietary supplement gamma-tocopherol (gammaT). Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats were intranasally challenged with 0% or 0.5% OVA (in saline) on Days 1 and 2, and then exposed to 0 or 1 ppm ozone (eight hours/day) on Days 4 and 5. Rats were also given 0 or 100 mg/kg gammaT (p.o., in corn oil) on days 2 through 5, beginning twelve hours after the last OVA challenge. On Day 6, nasal tissues were collected for histological evaluation and morphometric analyses of intraepithelial mucosubstances (IM) and eosinophilic inflammation. Nasal septal tissue was microdissected and analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mucin glycoprotein 5AC (MUC5AC) expression levels. Histological analysis revealed mild to moderate eosinophil influx in the mucosa lining the nasal airways and maxillary sinus of OVA-challenged rats (eosinophilic rhinosinusitis). Ozone exposure of allergic rats further increased eosinophils in the maxillary sinus (400%), nasolacrimal duct (250%), and proximal midseptum (150%). Storage of intraepithelial mucosubstances (IM) was not significantly affected by OVA challenge in filtered air-exposed rats, but it was increased by ozone in the septum (45%) and maxillary sinus (55%) of allergic compared to control rats. Treatment with gammaT attenuated the ozone/ OVA-induced synergistic increases in IM and mucosal eosinophils in both nasal and paranasal airways. gamma-Tocopherol also blocked OVA and ozone-induced MUC5AC gene expression. Together, these data describe a unique model of ozone enhancement of allergic rhinosinusitis and the novel therapeutic efficacy of a common supplement, gammaT, to inhibit ozone exacerbation of allergic airway responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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30
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Fujisawa T, Ide K, Holtzman MJ, Suda T, Suzuki K, Kuroishi S, Chida K, Nakamura H. Involvement of the p38 MAPK pathway in IL-13-induced mucous cell metaplasia in mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Respirology 2008; 13:191-202. [PMID: 18339016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE IL-13 has been shown to play a pivotal role in mucous cell metaplasia, which is an important feature of the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the signalling pathways evoked by IL-13 in airway epithelial cells remain unclear. This study investigated the signalling mechanism of IL-13-induced mucous cell metaplasia in primary cultures of mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTEC). METHODS mTEC were cultured in an air-liquid interface system in the presence or absence of IL-13. Goblet cell hyperplasia was evaluated quantitatively by immunofluorescent staining for MUC5AC, which is a major component of airway mucins. Western blotting was used to assess activation of the signalling molecules, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. MUC5AC gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS IL-13 induced mucous cell metaplasia for 7-14 days in mTEC. IL-13 phosphorylated STAT6 within 20 min, whereas it induced delayed phosphorylation of p38 MAPK 36-48 h after stimulation. In contrast, ERK1/2 was constantly activated and was not enhanced by IL-13. An inhibitor of p38 MAPK (SB202190) suppressed mucous cell differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. In STAT6 knockout mice, IL-13 failed to induce mucous cell metaplasia and activate p38 MAPK. Cycloheximide also diminished activation of p38 MAPK and induction of MUC5AC mRNA expression by IL-13. CONCLUSIONS The p38 MAPK pathway is involved in IL-13-induced mucous cell metaplasia and MUC5AC mRNA regulation in mTEC. In addition, p38 MAPK phosphorylation may require STAT6-dependent de novo protein synthesis induced by IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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31
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Kim SJ, Kang CM, You MB, Yoon HK, Kim YK, Kim KH, Moon HS, Park SH, Song JS. IP-10 Decreases TNF-α Induced MUC5AC Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells: a Possible Relation with Little Sputum Production in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2008.64.5.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Mi Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Bin You
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Hyoung Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Sik Moon
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Sup Song
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Linden SK, Sutton P, Karlsson NG, Korolik V, McGuckin MA. Mucins in the mucosal barrier to infection. Mucosal Immunol 2008; 1:183-97. [PMID: 19079178 PMCID: PMC7100821 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2008.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal tissues of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts, and the surface of the eye present an enormous surface area to the exterior environment. All of these tissues are covered with resident microbial flora, which vary considerably in composition and complexity. Mucosal tissues represent the site of infection or route of access for the majority of viruses, bacteria, yeast, protozoa, and multicellular parasites that cause human disease. Mucin glycoproteins are secreted in large quantities by mucosal epithelia, and cell surface mucins are a prominent feature of the apical glycocalyx of all mucosal epithelia. In this review, we highlight the central role played by mucins in accommodating the resident commensal flora and limiting infectious disease, interplay between underlying innate and adaptive immunity and mucins, and the strategies used by successful mucosal pathogens to subvert or avoid the mucin barrier, with a particular focus on bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Linden
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Level 3 Aubigny Place, Mater Hospitals, South Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - P Sutton
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - N G Karlsson
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Department of Chemistry, Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - V Korolik
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland Australia
| | - M A McGuckin
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Level 3 Aubigny Place, Mater Hospitals, South Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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Park JA, Crews AL, Lampe WR, Fang S, Park J, Adler KB. Protein kinase C delta regulates airway mucin secretion via phosphorylation of MARCKS protein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:1822-30. [PMID: 18055557 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mucin hypersecretion is a major pathological feature of many respiratory diseases, yet cellular mechanisms regulating secretion of mucin have not been fully elucidated. Previously, we reported that mucin hypersecretion induced by human neutrophil elastase involves activation of protein kinase C (PKC), specifically the delta-isoform (PKC delta). Here, we further investigated the role of PKC delta in mucin hypersecretion using both primary human bronchial epithelial cells and the human bronchial epithelial 1 cell line as in vitro model systems. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced mucin hypersecretion was significantly attenuated by rottlerin, a PKC delta-selective inhibitor. Rottlerin also reduced PMA- or human neutrophil elastase-induced phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein in these cells. Both secretion and MARCKS phosphorylation were significantly enhanced by the PKC delta activator bryostatin 1. A dominant-negative PKC delta construct (pEGFP-N1/PKC delta K376R) transfected into human bronchial epithelial 1 cells significantly attenuated both PMA-induced mucin secretion and phosphorylation of MARCKS, whereas transfection of a wild-type construct increased PKC delta and enhanced mucin secretion and MARCKS phosphorylation. Similar transfections of a dominant-negative or wild-type PKC epsilon construct did not affect either mucin secretion or MARCKS phosphorylation. The results suggest that PKC delta plays an important role in mucin secretion by airway epithelium via regulation of MARCKS phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Wagner JG, Jiang Q, Harkema JR, Ames BN, Illek B, Roubey RA, Peden DB. Gamma-tocopherol prevents airway eosinophilia and mucous cell hyperplasia in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 38:501-11. [PMID: 17970781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional therapies for asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) such as corticosteroids and antihistamines are not without limitations and side effects. The use of complementary and alternative approaches to treat allergic airways disease, including the use of herbal and dietary supplements, is increasing but their efficacy and safety are relatively understudied. Previously, we have demonstrated that gamma-tocopherol (gammaT), the primary form of dietary vitamin E, is more effective than alpha-tocopherol, the primary form found in supplements and tissue, in reducing systemic inflammation induced by non-immunogenic stimuli. OBJECTIVE We used allergic Brown Norway rats to test the hypothesis that a dietary supplement with gammaT would protect from adverse nasal and pulmonary responses to airway allergen provocation. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized Brown Norway rats were treated orally with gammaT before intranasal provocation with OVA. Twenty-four hours after two challenges, histopathological changes in the nose, sinus and pulmonary airways were compared with gene expression and cytokine production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma. RESULTS We found that acute dosing for 4 days with gammaT was sufficient to provide broad protection from inflammatory cell recruitment and epithelial cell alterations induced by allergen challenge. Eosinophil infiltration into airspaces and tissues of the lung, nose, sinus and nasolacrimal duct was blocked in allergic rats treated with gammaT. Pulmonary production of soluble mediators PGE(2), LTB(4) and cysteinyl leukotrienes, and nasal expression of IL-4, -5, -13 and IFN-gamma were also inhibited by gammaT. Mucous cell metaplasia, the increase in the number of goblet cells and amounts of intraepithelial mucus storage, was induced by allergen in both pulmonary and nasal airways and decreased by treatment with gammaT. CONCLUSIONS Acute treatment with gammaT inhibits important inflammatory pathways that underlie the pathogenesis of both AR and asthma. Supplementation with gammaT may be a novel complementary therapy for allergic airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Abdullah LH, Davis CW. Regulation of airway goblet cell mucin secretion by tyrosine phosphorylation signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L591-9. [PMID: 17616647 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00150.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hyperproduction in pulmonary obstructive diseases results from increased goblet cell numbers and possibly increased cellular mucin synthesis, occurring in response to inflammatory mediators acting via receptor tyrosine kinases (RYK) and tyrosine phosphorylation (Y-Pi) signaling pathways. Yet, increased mucin synthesis does not lead necessarily to increased secretion, as mucins are stored in secretory granules and secreted in response to extracellular signals, commonly assumed to be mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We asked whether activation 1) of Y-Pi signaling pathways, in principal, and 2) of the novel PKC isoform, nPKCdelta, by Y-Pi, specifically, might lead to regulated mucin secretion. nPKCdelta in SPOC1 cells was tyrosine phosphorylated by exposure to purinergic agonist (ATPgammaS) or PMA, actions that were blocked by the Src kinase inhibitor, PP1. Mucin secretion, however, was not affected by PP1. Hence, activation of nPKCdelta by Y-Pi is unlikely to participate in GPCR-related mucin secretion. Mucin secretion from both SPOC1 and normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells was stimulated by generalized protein Y-Pi induced by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate (PV). PV-induced SPOC1 cell mucin secretion was not affected by inhibition of Src kinases (genistein or PP1), or of PI3 kinase (LY-294002). MAP kinase pathway inhibitors, RAF1 kinase inhibitor-I and U0126 (MEK), inhibited SPOC1 cell PV-induced secretion by approximately 50%. Significantly, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U-73122, essentially abolished PV- and ATPgammaS-induced mucin secretion from both SPOC1 and NHBE cells. Hence, PLC signaling may play a key role in regulated mucin secretion, whether the event is initiated by mediators interacting with GPCRs or RYKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna H Abdullah
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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36
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Theodoropoulos G, Carraway KL. Molecular signaling in the regulation of mucins. J Cell Biochem 2007; 102:1103-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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