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Gumede DB, Abrahamse H, Houreld NN. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its interplay with TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways for the treatment of chronic wounds. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:244. [PMID: 38671406 PMCID: PMC11046856 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a tightly regulated process that ensures tissue repair and normal function following injury. It is modulated by activation of pathways such as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Dysregulation of this process causes poor wound healing, which leads to tissue fibrosis and ulcerative wounds. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in all phases of wound healing, primarily in the proliferative phase for formation of granulation tissue. This review focuses on the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in wound healing, and its transcriptional regulation of target genes. The crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and the TGF-β signaling pathways, as well as the deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronic wounds are also considered, with a special focus on diabetic ulcers. Lastly, we discuss current and prospective therapies for chronic wounds, with a primary focus on strategies that target the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway such as photobiomodulation for healing diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimakatso B Gumede
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Nicolette N Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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2
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Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Singer HA, Woltmann D, Salman LH. Role of platelet factor 4 in arteriovenous fistula maturation failure: What do we know so far? J Vasc Access 2024; 25:390-406. [PMID: 35751379 PMCID: PMC9974241 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure remains unacceptably high despite continuous efforts on technique improvement and careful pre-surgery planning. In fact, half of all newly created AVFs are unable to be used for hemodialysis (HD) without a salvage procedure. While vascular stenosis in the venous limb of the access is the culprit, the underlying factors leading to vascular narrowing and AVF maturation failure are yet to be determined. We have recently demonstrated that AVF non-maturation is associated with post-operative medial fibrosis and fibrotic stenosis, and post-operative intimal hyperplasia (IH) exacerbates the situation. Multiple pathological processes and signaling pathways are underlying the stenotic remodeling of the AVF. Our group has recently indicated that a pro-inflammatory cytokine platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) is upregulated in veins that fail to mature after AVF creation. Platelet factor 4 is a fibrosis marker and can be detected in vascular stenosis tissue, suggesting that it may contribute to AVF maturation failure through stimulation of fibrosis and development of fibrotic stenosis. Here, we present an overview of the how PF4-mediated fibrosis determines AVF maturation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Woltmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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3
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Lu Y, Zhao D, Cao G, Yin S, Liu C, Song R, Ma J, Sun R, Wu Z, Liu J, Wu P, Wang Y. Research progress on and molecular mechanism of vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Front Surg 2024; 11:1265360. [PMID: 38464666 PMCID: PMC10920358 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1265360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common chronic wounds and a common complication of diabetes. The foot is the main site of diabetic ulcers, which involve small and medium-sized arteries, peripheral nerves, and microcirculation, among others. DFUs are prone to coinfections and affect many diabetic patients. In recent years, interdisciplinary research combining medicine and material science has been increasing and has achieved significant clinical therapeutic effects, and the application of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of DFUs is a typical representative of this progress, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. In this review, we integrated bioinformatics and literature and found that ferroptosis is an important signaling pathway through which VSD promotes the healing of DFUs and that System Xc-GSH-GPX4 and NAD(P)H-CoQ10-FSP1 are important axes in this signaling pathway, and we speculate that VSD is most likely to inhibit ferroptosis to promote DFU healing through the above axes. In addition, we found that some classical pathways, such as the TNF, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are also involved in the VSD-mediated promotion of DFU healing. We also compiled and reviewed the progress from clinical studies on VSD, and this information provides a reference for the study of VSD in the treatment of DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpan Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Dejie Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqi Cao
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Yin
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ru Song
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxu Ma
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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Alpinetin Suppresses Effects of TGF-β1 on Stimulating the Production and Organization of Fibrotic Markers in Human Primary Dermal Fibroblasts. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172731. [PMID: 36078140 PMCID: PMC9455016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Overgrowths of dermal fibroblasts and myofibroblast phenoconversion in response to TGF-β stimulation are the hallmarks of skin fibrosis. Constitutive activation of dermal fibroblasts by TGF-β induces the excessive production of extracellular matrix as well as certain key intracellular proteins which form a complex interaction network. Current therapies include monoclonal anti-bodies against TGF-β and surgery, but these treatments generally elicit a limited effect on certain kinds of skin fibrosis. In the current study, we investigated the effects of alpinetin (AP) on human primary dermal fibroblasts (HPDFs) stimulated with TGF-β1. Results demonstrated that AP exhibited strong inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and migration of HPDFs. AP also inhibited TGF-β1-induced morphological changes of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and these were found to be from its effects on blocking actin stress fiber formation and organization. The expression of major fibrotic molecules including α-SMA and type I collagen upon TGF-β1 stimulation was also inhibited by AP. In addition, AP attenuated TGF-β1-induced production and organization of vimentin, β-catenin, and N-cadherin, important for the pathophysiology of skin fibrosis. In conclusion, we revealed that AP has an ability to reverse the fibrotic effects of TGF-β1 at the cellular level, and this discovery suggests the therapeutic potential of AP for skin fibrosis.
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Zhu Z, Zhang X, Hao H, Xu H, Shu J, Hou Q, Wang M. Exosomes Derived From Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treat Cutaneous Nerve Damage and Promote Wound Healing. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:913009. [PMID: 35846563 PMCID: PMC9279568 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.913009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound repair is a key step in the treatment of skin injury caused by burn, surgery, and trauma. Various stem cells have been proven to promote wound healing and skin regeneration as candidate seed cells. Therefore, exosomes derived from stem cells are emerging as a promising method for wound repair. However, the mechanism by which exosomes promote wound repair is still unclear. In this study, we reported that exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) promote wound healing and skin regeneration by treating cutaneous nerve damage. The results revealed that UC-MSCs exosomes (UC-MSC-Exo) promote the growth and migration of dermal fibroblast cells. In in vitro culture, dermal fibroblasts could promote to nerve cells and secrete nerve growth factors when stimulated by exosomes. During the repair process UC-MSC-Exo accelerated the recruitment of fibroblasts at the site of trauma and significantly enhanced cutaneous nerve regeneration in vivo. Interestingly, it was found that UC-MSC-Exo could promote wound healing and skin regeneration by recruiting fibroblasts, stimulating them to secrete nerve growth factors (NGFs) and promoting skin nerve regeneration. Therefore, we concluded that UC-MSC-Exo promote cutaneous nerve repair, which may play an important role in wound repair and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ziying Zhu,
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Hao
- The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heran Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Shu
- The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Hou
- The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Qian Hou,
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Min Wang,
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6
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Mi Y, Zhong L, Lu S, Hu P, Pan Y, Ma X, Yan B, Wei Z, Yang G. Quercetin promotes cutaneous wound healing in mice through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115066. [PMID: 35122975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxytropis falcata Bunge is a legume distributed in Northwest China, which is mainly used to treat knife wounds and inflammation. Quercetin is a bioactive flavonoid in O. falcata and becomes a promising healing compound for its angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the healing mechanism of quercetin in cutaneous wound remains elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of quercetin on cutaneous wound models in vivo and in vitro, and to reveal the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) involved mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of quercetin on the proliferation and migration of 4 kinds of skin cells were determined by CCK-8 and scratch assay. The wound-healing capacity of quercetin was evaluated in cutaneous wound model of C57BL/6 mice and the wound healing degree was observed by histological staining. The expressions of inflammatory factors, growth factors and the related proteins were detected via Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses. The molecular docking was adopted to evaluate the binding ability of quercetin and TERT. RESULTS Quercetin could promote both proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, and enhance cutaneous wound healing capacity in mice. Compared to the control group, the wound healing rates in low (1.5 mg/mL), medium (3.0 mg/mL) and high dose (6.0 mg/mL) quercetin groups reached 94.67%, 97.31% and 98.42%, respectively. Moreover, the dermal structure in quercetin treated mice restored normal and the content of collagen fiber became abundant after administration. The levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 were significantly reduced after quercetin administration. Among which, the level of IL-1β in cutaneous wound was 0.007 times higher than that of the control group when treated with quercetin of high dose (6.0 mg/mL). The improved level of GSH in quercetin treated cutaneous wounds also indicated its higher antioxidant ability. In addition, dose-dependent positive associations were found in the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and alpha smooth muscle actin in quercetin treated cutaneous wounds. The significantly upregulated protein levels of Wnt and β-catenin further indicated the important role of quercetin in promoting wound healing in mice. According to molecular docking analysis, the formed hydrogen bonds between quercetin and Ala195, Gln308, Asn369 and Lys372 residues of TERT also indicated the indispensable role of TERT in improving wound healing capacity. CONCLUSION Quercetin effectively promoted cutaneous wound healing by enhancing the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, as well as inhibiting inflammation and increasing the expression of growth factors in mice via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and TERT. It provides a basis for a more thorough understanding of mechanism of action of O. falcata Bunge in the treatment of knife wounds and burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Saijian Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Po Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xuelin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Binghui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhenhuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guangming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Choi S, Yoon M, Choi KY. Approaches for Regenerative Healing of Cutaneous Wound with an Emphasis on Strategies Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:70-86. [PMID: 33573472 PMCID: PMC9831250 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: In adult mammals, spontaneous repair of a cutaneous wound occurs slowly and leaves a scar with skin adnexa deficiencies. To accelerate cutaneous wound-healing rates and avoid scar formation, current studies have focused on regenerative therapies. Recent Advances: Emerging therapeutics for regenerative wound healing often focus on the use of growth factors and stem cells. However, these therapeutic approaches have limited routine clinical use due to high costs and technical requirements. Critical Issue: Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways for cutaneous wound healing and neogenic synthesis of the skin components is important for identification of novel targets for the development of regenerative wound-healing agents. Future Directions: The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a well-known key player for enhancement of the overall healing process involving tissue regeneration via crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Strategies that activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via modulation of the pathway-controlling regulatory factors could provide effective therapeutic approaches for regenerative wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minguen Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,CK Biotech, Inc., Seodaemun-Gu, Korea.,Correspondence: CK Biotech, Inc., Room 417, Engineering Research Park, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu 03722, Korea
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8
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Hu Y, Wang Q, Yu J, Zhou Q, Deng Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Xu Y, Xiong W, Wang Y. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 promotes pulmonary fibrosis by modulating β-catenin signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:114. [PMID: 35013220 PMCID: PMC8748833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5) performs a variety of functions. However, its role in IPF remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the levels of ACP5 are increased in IPF patient samples and mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In particular, higher levels of ACP5 are present in the sera of IPF patients with a diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbonmonoxide (DLCO) less than 40% of the predicted value. Additionally, Acp5 deficiency protects mice from BLM-induced lung injury and fibrosis coupled with a significant reduction of fibroblast differentiation and proliferation. Mechanistic studies reveal that Acp5 is upregulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in a TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFβR1)/Smad family member 3 (Smad3)-dependent manner, after which Acp5 dephosphorylates p-β-catenin at serine 33 and threonine 41, inhibiting the degradation of β-catenin and subsequently enhancing β-catenin signaling in the nucleus, which promotes the differentiation, proliferation and migration of fibroblast. More importantly, the treatment of mice with Acp5 siRNA-loaded liposomes or Acp5 inhibitor reverses established lung fibrosis. In conclusions, Acp5 is involved in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis and strategies aimed at silencing or suppressing Acp5 could be considered as potential therapeutic approaches against pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease with limited treatment options. Here the authors show that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (Acp5) promotes lung fibrosis by enhancing beta-catenin signaling and that inhibition of Acp5 can reverse stablished pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanhan Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Lu, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Hernández-Bule ML, Toledano-Macías E, Naranjo A, de Andrés-Zamora M, Úbeda A. In vitro stimulation with radiofrequency currents promotes proliferation and migration in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:338-352. [PMID: 34315307 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1938113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapies have been proposed as strategies for regeneration of cutaneous tissue lesions. Previous studies by our group have shown that intermittent stimulation with 448 kHz CRET currents at subthermal densities promotes in vitro proliferation of human stem cells involved in tissue regeneration. The present study investigates the effects of the in vitro exposure to these radiofrequency (RF) currents on the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the main cell types involved in skin regeneration. The effects of the electric stimulation on cell proliferation and migration were studied through XTT and wound closure assays, respectively. The CRET effects on the expression and location of proteins involved in proliferation and migration were assessed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. The obtained results reveal that electrostimulation promotes proliferation and/or migration in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. These effects would be mediated by changes observed in the expression and location of intercellular adhesion proteins such as β-catenin and E-cadherin, of proteins involved in cell-to-substrate adhesion such as vinculin, p-FAK and the metalloproteinase MMP-9, and of other proteins that control both processes: MAP kinases p-p38, p-JUNK and p-ERK1/2. These responses could represent a mechanism underlying the promotion of normotrophic wound regeneration induced by CRET. Indeed, electric stimulation would favor completion of granulation tissue formation prior to the closure of the outer tissue layers, thus preventing abnormal wound cicatrization or chronification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Toledano-Macías
- Servicio de Bioelectromagnetismo, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Naranjo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina de Andrés-Zamora
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Úbeda
- Servicio de Bioelectromagnetismo, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Li J, Gao Y, Li Q, Chen L, Chen Y, Li J. LncRNA COL1A2-AS1 promotes skin fibroblast apoptosis by repressing p-Smad3 and promoting β-catenin expression. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1090-1098. [PMID: 33354832 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
LncRNA COL1A2-AS1 has been demonstrated to inhibit fibroblast proliferation of hypertrophic scars. However, the function of COL1A2-AS1 in normal skin fibroblasts remains poorly studied. Here, we report that overexpression of COL1A2-AS1 promoted normal skin fibroblast apoptosis. On the basis of mRNA-seq data and gene set enrichment analysis plus Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis, 16 upregulated and 125 downregulated mRNAs were found; TGF-β, Wnt, and MAPK pathways were potentially involved. Western blot assay confirmed that overexpression of COL1A2-AS1 repressed p-Smad3 expression and promoted β-catenin expression. Furthermore, COL1A2-AS1 overexpression combined with either TGF-β1 or siRNA against β-catenin reversed the upregulation of apoptosis in the COL1A2-AS1 overexpression group. In conclusion, our study revealed the roles of COL1A2-AS1 in normal skin fibroblast apoptosis, with COL1A2-AS1 functioning by repressing p-Smad3 expression and promoting β-catenin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
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11
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Fukuyama M, Tsukashima A, Kimishima M, Yamazaki Y, Ohyama M. Activators of WNT, sonic hedgehog and ectodysplasin A signaling pathways exert synergetic influence on folliculogenic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in 3-D skin equivalents: An implication for regenerative medicine. J Dermatol 2020; 47:1195-1197. [PMID: 32734607 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukuyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Tsukashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Kimishima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Rusanova I, Martínez-Ruiz L, Florido J, Rodríguez-Santana C, Guerra-Librero A, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Escames G. Protective Effects of Melatonin on the Skin: Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194948. [PMID: 31597233 PMCID: PMC6802208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When exposed to hostile environments such as radiation, physical injuries, chemicals, pollution, and microorganisms, the skin requires protective chemical molecules and pathways. Melatonin, a highly conserved ancient molecule, plays a crucial role in the maintenance of skin. As human skin has functional melatonin receptors and also acts as a complete system that is capable of producing and regulating melatonin synthesis, melatonin is a promising candidate for its maintenance and protection. Below, we review the studies of new metabolic pathways involved in the protective functions of melatonin in dermal cells. We also discuss the advantages of the topical use of melatonin for therapeutic purposes and skin protection. In our view, endogenous intracutaneous melatonin production, together with topically-applied exogenous melatonin and its metabolites, represent two of the most potent defense systems against external damage to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Rusanova
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria CIBERFES, IBS. Granada, Granada Hospital Complex, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Martínez-Ruiz
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Florido
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - César Rodríguez-Santana
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Guerra-Librero
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria CIBERFES, IBS. Granada, Granada Hospital Complex, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria CIBERFES, IBS. Granada, Granada Hospital Complex, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Germaine Escames
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria CIBERFES, IBS. Granada, Granada Hospital Complex, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Chen K, Lai K, Zhang X, Qin Z, Fu Q, Luo C, Jin X, Hu J, Liu S, Yao K. Bromfenac Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Fibrotic Effects in Human Pterygium and Conjunctival Fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1156-1164. [PMID: 30908581 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have shown antifibrotic effects on several diseases. The aims of the present in vitro study were to investigate the antifibrotic effects of bromfenac (a kind of NSAID) on primary human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) and primary human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConFs), as well as to explore the possible mechanisms of these effects. Methods The cells used in this study were primary HPFs and HConFs, and profibrotic activation was induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence (IF) assays were used to detect the effects of TGF-β1 and bromfenac on the synthesis of fibronectin (FN), type III collagen (COL3), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HPFs and HConFs; the changes of signaling pathways were detected by Western blot; cell migration ability was detected by wound healing assay; cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 assay; and pharmaceutical inhibitions of the downstream signaling pathways of TGF-β1 were used to assess their possible associations with the effects of bromfenac. Results Bromfenac suppressed the TGF-β1-induced protein expression of FN (0.59 ± 0.07 folds, P = 0.008), COL3 (0.48 ± 0.08 folds, P = 0.001), and α-SMA (0.61 ± 0.03 folds, P = 0.008) in HPFs. Bromfenac also attenuated TGF-β1-induced cell migration (0.30 ± 0.07 folds, P < 0.001), cell proliferation (0.64 ± 0.03 folds, P = 0.002) and the expression levels of p-AKT (0.66 ± 0.08 folds, P = 0.032), p-ERK1/2 (0.69 ± 0.11 folds, P = 0.003), and p-GSK-3β-S9 (0.65 ± 0.10 folds, P = 0.002) in HPFs. PI3K/AKT inhibitor (wortmannin) and MEK/ERK inhibitor (U0126) reduced the TGF-β1-induced synthesis of FN, COL3, and α-SMA in HPFs. All the results were similar in HConFs. Conclusions Bromfenac protects against TGF-β1-induced synthesis of FN, α-SMA, and COL3 in HPFs and HConFs at least in part by inactivating the AKT and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kairan Lai
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Qin
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenqi Luo
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Aljghami ME, Jeschke MG, Amini-Nik S. Examining the contribution of surrounding intact skin during cutaneous healing. J Anat 2019; 234:523-531. [PMID: 30786015 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cutaneous wounds expose the body to the external environment, which may lead to impairments in bodily functions and increased risk of infection. There is a need to develop skin substitutes which could effectively promote complete skin regeneration following an injury. Murine models are used to test such skin substitutes, but their healing involves contraction of the dermis not found in human wounds. We have previously described a device called a dome, which comes in two models, that is used to prevent skin contraction in mice. One model provides a physical barrier to minimize contraction, and the other model has additional perforations in the barrier to allow cellular contribution from the surrounding intact skin. Taking advantage of an enhanced version of these two models, we compared granulation tissue formation, the extent of vascularization, and the transition to myofibroblastic phenotype between the models. We enhanced the dome by developing a twist open cap dome and applied the two models of the dome into the excisional wound biopsy in mice. We demonstrate that the dome can be used to prevent skin contraction in mice. The control model prevented skin contraction while barricading the contribution of surrounding intact skin. When not barricaded, the intact skin enhances wound healing by increasing the number of myofibroblasts and neovascularization. Using a novel model of inhibition of skin contraction in rodents, we examined the contribution from the surrounding intact skin to granulation tissue formation, myofibroblastic differentiation, and neovascularization during the course of skin healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makram E Aljghami
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Lithium interacts with cardiac remodeling: the fundamental value in the pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:208-214. [PMID: 30053574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during the course of their illness. For over half a century, lithium has been the gold-standard medication used to treat the mood burdens of BD. In addition, lithium possesses several biological effects that may modulate cardiovascular risk in patients with BD. In this review, we update the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the possible cardiac actions of lithium. The mechanistic insights suggest that lithium at therapeutic levels potentially exerts cardioprotective effects on ischemic hearts by modulating structural and electrical remodeling. The possible cardioprotective actions of lithium may involve an extensive range of signaling pathways, including the Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, phosphoinositide/protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades. Accordingly, understanding the cardioprotective effects of lithium may lead to the development of a potential strategy for reducing cardiovascular morbidity in patients with BD.
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16
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Development of an easy-to-handle murine model for the characterization of radiation-induced gross and molecular changes in skin. Arch Plast Surg 2018; 45:403-410. [PMID: 30282410 PMCID: PMC6177636 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced skin injury is a dose-limiting complication of radiotherapy. To investigate this problem and to develop a framework for making decisions on treatment and dose prescription, a murine model of radiation-induced skin injury was developed. METHODS The dorsal skin of the mice was isolated, and irradiation was applied at single doses of 15, 30, and 50 Gy. The mice were followed for 12 weeks with serial photography and laser Doppler analysis. Sequential skin biopsy samples were obtained and subjected to a histological analysis, immunostaining against transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Western blotting with Wnt-3 and β-catenin. Increases in the levels of TGF-β, Wnt, and β-catenin were detected after irradiation. RESULTS All tested radiation doses caused progressive dermal thickening and fibrosis. The cause of this process, however, may not be radiation alone, as the natural course of wound healing may elicit a similar response. The latent appearance of molecular and histological markers that induce fibrosis in the 15 Gy group without causing apparent gross skin injuries indicates that 15 Gy is an appropriate dose for characterizing the effects of chronic irradiation alone. Thus, this model best mimics the patterns of injury that occur in human subjects. CONCLUSIONS This animal model can be used to elucidate the gross and molecular changes that occur in radiation-induced skin injury and provides an effective platform for studying this adverse effect without complicating the process of wound healing.
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17
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Pastar I, Wong LL, Egger AN, Tomic-Canic M. Descriptive vs mechanistic scientific approach to study wound healing and its inhibition: Is there a value of translational research involving human subjects? Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:551-562. [PMID: 29660181 PMCID: PMC6374114 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical field of wound healing is challenged by numerous hurdles. Not only are wound-healing disorders complex and multifactorial, but the corresponding patient population is diverse, often elderly and burdened by multiple comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The care of such patients requires a dedicated, multidisciplinary team of physicians, surgeons, nurses and scientists. In spite of the critical clinical need, it has been over 15 years since a treatment received approval for efficacy by the FDA in the United States. Among the reasons contributing to this lack of effective new treatment modalities is poor understanding of mechanisms that inhibit healing in patients. Additionally, preclinical models do not fully reflect the disease complexity of the human condition, which brings us to a paradox: if we are to use a "mechanistic" approach that favours animal models, we can dissect specific mechanisms using advanced genetic, molecular and cellular technologies, with the caveat that it may not be directly applicable to patients. Traditionally, scientific review panels, for either grant funding or manuscript publication purposes, favour such "mechanistic" approaches whereby human tissue analyses, deemed "descriptive" science, are characterized as a "fishing expedition" and are considered "fatally flawed." However, more emerging evidence supports the notion that the use of human samples provides significant new knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control wound healing and contribute to inhibition of the process in patients. Here, we discuss the advances, benefits and challenges of translational research in wound healing focusing on human subject research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lulu L Wong
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andjela N Egger
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Knüppel L, Heinzelmann K, Lindner M, Hatz R, Behr J, Eickelberg O, Staab-Weijnitz CA. FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10) regulates lung fibroblast migration via collagen VI synthesis. Respir Res 2018; 19:67. [PMID: 29673351 PMCID: PMC5909279 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), fibroblasts gain a more migratory phenotype and excessively secrete extracellular matrix (ECM), ultimately leading to alveolar scarring and progressive dyspnea. Here, we analyzed the effects of deficiency of FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10), a potential IPF drug target, on primary human lung fibroblast (phLF) adhesion and migration. Methods Using siRNA, FKBP10 expression was inhibited in phLF in absence or presence of 2ng/ml transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and 0.1mM 2-phosphoascorbate. Effects on cell adhesion and migration were monitored by an immunofluorescence (IF)-based attachment assay, a conventional scratch assay, and single cell tracking by time-lapse microscopy. Effects on expression of key players in adhesion dynamics and migration were analyzed by qPCR and Western Blot. Colocalization was evaluated by IF microscopy and by proximity ligation assays. Results FKBP10 knockdown significantly attenuated adhesion and migration of phLF. Expression of collagen VI was decreased, while expression of key components of the focal adhesion complex was mostly upregulated. The effects on migration were 2-phosphoascorbate-dependent, suggesting collagen synthesis as the underlying mechanism. FKBP10 colocalized with collagen VI and coating culture dishes with collagen VI, and to a lesser extent with collagen I, abolished the effect of FKBP10 deficiency on migration. Conclusions These findings show, to our knowledge for the first time, that FKBP10 interacts with collagen VI and that deficiency of FKBP10 reduces phLF migration mainly by downregulation of collagen VI synthesis. The results strengthen FKBP10 as an important intracellular regulator of ECM remodeling and support the concept of FKBP10 as drug target in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Knüppel
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Heinzelmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Hatz
- Asklepios Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany.,Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Asklepios Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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19
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Amini-Nik S, Yousuf Y, Jeschke MG. Scar management in burn injuries using drug delivery and molecular signaling: Current treatments and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:135-154. [PMID: 28757325 PMCID: PMC5742037 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there have been tremendous improvements in burn care that have allowed patients to survive severe burn injuries that were once fatal. However, a major limitation of burn care currently is the development of hypertrophic scars in approximately 70% of patients. This significantly decreases the quality of life for patients due to the physical and psychosocial symptoms associated with scarring. Current approaches to manage scarring include surgical techniques and non-surgical methods such as laser therapy, steroid injections, and compression therapy. These treatments are limited in their effectiveness and regularly fail to manage symptoms. As a result, the development of novel treatments that aim to improve outcomes and quality of life is imperative. Drug delivery that targets the molecular cascades of wound healing to attenuate or prevent hypertrophic scarring is a promising approach that has therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss current treatments for scar management after burn injury, and how drug delivery targeting molecular signaling can lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Yusef Yousuf
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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20
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Dickkopf-1 inhibits Wnt3a-induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2017; 161:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As the population grows older, the incidence and prevalence of conditions that lead to a predisposition for poor wound healing also increase. Ultimately, this increase in nonhealing wounds has led to significant morbidity and mortality with subsequent huge economic ramifications. Therefore, understanding specific molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant wound healing is of great importance. It has and will continue to be the leading pathway to the discovery of therapeutic targets, as well as diagnostic molecular biomarkers. Biomarkers may help identify and stratify subsets of nonhealing patients for whom biomarker-guided approaches may aid in healing. METHODS A series of literature searches were performed using Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Internet searches. RESULTS Currently, biomarkers are being identified using biomaterials sourced locally from human wounds and/or systemically using high-throughput "omics" modalities (genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic analysis). In this review, we highlight the current status of clinically applicable biomarkers and propose multiple steps in validation and implementation spectrum, including those measured in tissue specimens, for example, β-catenin and c-myc, wound fluid, matrix metalloproteinases and interleukins, swabs, wound microbiota, and serum, for example, procalcitonin and matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSIONS Identification of numerous potential biomarkers using different avenues of sample collection and molecular approaches is currently underway. A focus on simplicity and consistent implementation of these biomarkers, as well as an emphasis on efficacious follow-up therapeutics, is necessary for transition of this technology to clinically feasible point-of-care applications.
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Bakhtyar N, Jeschke MG, Mainville L, Herer E, Amini-Nik S. Acellular Gelatinous Material of Human Umbilical Cord Enhances Wound Healing: A Candidate Remedy for Deficient Wound Healing. Front Physiol 2017; 8:200. [PMID: 28421003 PMCID: PMC5379110 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a severe clinical challenge and research into finding effective wound healing strategies is underway as there is no ideal treatment. Gelatinous material from the umbilical cord called Wharton's jelly is a valuable source of mesenchymal stem cells which have been shown to aid wound healing. While the cellular component of Wharton's jelly has been the subject of extensive research during the last few years, little is known about the de-cellularized jelly material of the umbilical cord. This is important as they are native niche of stem cells. We have isolated Wharton's jelly from umbilical cords and then fractionated acellular gelatinous Wharton's jelly (AGWJ). Here, we show for the first time that AGWJ enhances wound healing in vitro as well as in vivo for wounds in a murine model. In vivo staining of the wounds revealed a smaller wound length in the AGWJ treated wounds in comparison to control treatment by enhancing cell migration and differentiation. AGWJ significantly enhanced fibroblast cell migration in vitro. Aside from cell migration, AGWJ changed the cell morphology of fibroblasts to a more elongated phenotype, characteristic of myofibroblasts, confirmed by upregulation of alpha smooth muscle actin using immunoblotting. AGWJ treatment of wounds led to accelerated differentiation of cells into myofibroblasts, shortening the proliferation phase of wound healing. This data provides support for a novel wound healing remedy using AGWJ. AGWJ being native biological, cost effective and abundantly available globally, makes it a highly promising treatment option for wound dressing and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazihah Bakhtyar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Sunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Sunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurence Mainville
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Sunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elaine Herer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Sunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Jeschke MG, Sadri AR, Belo C, Amini-Nik S. A Surgical Device to Study the Efficacy of Bioengineered Skin Substitutes in Mice Wound Healing Models. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:237-242. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc G. Jeschke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali-Reza Sadri
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cassandra Belo
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada
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24
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Yu J, Choi S, Um J, Park KS. Reduced Expression of YAP in Dermal Fibroblasts is Associated with Impaired Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:49-55. [PMID: 30603461 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts play essential roles in wound healing and their dysfunction has been shown to be associated with impaired wound healing in diabetes. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether Yes-associated protein (YAP), a mediator of mechanotransduction in dermal fibroblasts, is associated with impaired wound healing in diabetic mice. Compared with that in the control, the rate of wound contraction was decreased twofold in db/db type 2 diabetic mice (db/db mice). To mimic diabetic pathological condition, dermal fibroblasts were cultured under high glucose conditions (25.5 mM glucose). Further, dermal fibroblast-mediated contraction of wound was evaluated by in vitro collagen gel contraction assay. Dermal fibroblasts cultured under hyperglycemic condition showed impaired gel contraction and mitochondrial dysfunction, compared to the cells cultured under normoglycemic conditions (5.5 mM glucose). Importantly, compared with the normal dermal fibroblasts, diabetic db/db dermal fibroblasts expressed lower levels of growth factors and cytokines that enhance wound healing, such as insulin-like growth factor-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The quantity of YAP mRNA was also lower in diabetic db/db dermal fibroblasts, compared with that in the control fibroblasts. These results indicate that impaired wound healing in diabetics is associated with the dysfunction of dermal fibroblasts, including downregulation of YAP, which plays essential roles in extracellular matrix remodeling and TGF-β-mediated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeong Yu
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In, 17104 Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Choi
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In, 17104 Korea
| | - Jihyun Um
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In, 17104 Korea
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- 2East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
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25
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Shaikh G, Zhang J, Perez-Aso M, Mediero A, Cronstein B. Adenosine A 2A receptor promotes collagen type III synthesis via β-catenin activation in human dermal fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3279-3291. [PMID: 27595240 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation promotes the synthesis of collagen type I and type III (Col1 and Col3), mediators of fibrosis and scarring. The A2A receptor modulates collagen balance via cAMP/PKA/p38-MAPK/Akt pathways. Wnt signalling is important in fibrosis and the cAMP and Wnt pathways converge. Because the A2A receptor is Gs-linked and increases cAMP, we determined whether A2A receptors and Wnt signalling interact. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Total β-catenin, de-phosphorylated β-catenin (canonical activation, de-phospho β-catenin) and phosphorylated β-catenin at Ser552 (non-canonical activation, p-Ser552 β-catenin) levels were determined in primary human dermal fibroblasts, cytosol and nucleus, by western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy, before and after stimulation by A2A receptor-selective agonist CGS21680, with/without A2A receptor-selective antagonist (SCH56261) pretreatment. β-Catenin was knocked down by transfection with scrambled-siRNA or specific-siRNA, and Col1 and Col3 levels determined by western blots. KEY RESULTS CGS21680 stimulation rapidly (15 min) increased cellular β-catenin levels. Both de-phospho β-catenin and p-Ser552 β-catenin levels were also increased. CGS21680 stimulated the translocation of total de-phospho and p-Ser552 β-catenin to the nucleus. A2A receptor-stimulation increased Col1 synthesis similarly in β-catenin knockeddown and scrambled cells. However, β-catenin knockdown abolished the increase in Col3 synthesis induced in A2A receptor-stimulated fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A2A receptor stimulation promotes Col3 synthesis via the activation of canonical and non-canonical β-catenin, consistent with a role for A2A receptors in dermal fibrosis and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, LiHuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Miguel Perez-Aso
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aranzazu Mediero
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Bone and Joint Research Unit IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Nicholas MN, Jeschke MG, Amini-Nik S. Methodologies in creating skin substitutes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3453-72. [PMID: 27154041 PMCID: PMC4982839 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The creation of skin substitutes has significantly decreased morbidity and mortality of skin wounds. Although there are still a number of disadvantages of currently available skin substitutes, there has been a significant decline in research advances over the past several years in improving these skin substitutes. Clinically most skin substitutes used are acellular and do not use growth factors to assist wound healing, key areas of potential in this field of research. This article discusses the five necessary attributes of an ideal skin substitute. It comprehensively discusses the three major basic components of currently available skin substitutes: scaffold materials, growth factors, and cells, comparing and contrasting what has been used so far. It then examines a variety of techniques in how to incorporate these basic components together to act as a guide for further research in the field to create cellular skin substitutes with better clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew N Nicholas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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27
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Houschyar KS, Momeni A, Pyles MN, Maan ZN, Whittam AJ, Siemers F. Wnt signaling induces epithelial differentiation during cutaneous wound healing. Organogenesis 2016; 11:95-104. [PMID: 26309090 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1086052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound repair in adult mammals typically does not regenerate original dermal architecture. Skin that has undergone repair following injury is not identical to intact uninjured skin. This disparity may be caused by differences in the mechanisms that regulate postnatal cutaneous wound repair compared to embryonic skin development and thus we seek a deeper understanding of the role that Wnt signaling plays in the mechanisms of skin repair in both fetal and adult wounds. The influence of secreted Wnt signaling proteins in tissue homeostasis has galvanized efforts to identify small molecules that target Wnt-mediated cellular responses. Wnt signaling is activated by wounding and participates in every subsequent stage of the healing process from the control of inflammation and programmed cell death, to the mobilization of stem cell reservoirs within the wound site. Endogenous Wnt signaling augmentation represents an attractive option to aid in the restoration of cutaneous wounds, as the complex mechanisms of the Wnt pathway have been increasingly investigated over the years. In this review, we summarize recent data elucidating the roles that Wnt signaling plays in cutaneous wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow S Houschyar
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA. ,b Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ; Bergmannstrost Halle , Germany
| | - Arash Momeni
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Malcolm N Pyles
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Alexander J Whittam
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Frank Siemers
- b Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ; Bergmannstrost Halle , Germany
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28
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Zhou L, Yang K, Randall Wickett R, Zhang Y. Dermal fibroblasts induce cell cycle arrest and block epithelial-mesenchymal transition to inhibit the early stage melanoma development. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1566-79. [PMID: 27061029 PMCID: PMC4944884 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal fibroblasts are an integral part of the tumor stroma and constantly interact with cancer cells to promote their initiation and progression. However, the role and function of dermal fibroblasts during the early stage of melanoma development remain poorly understood. We, therefore, designed a novel genetic approach to deactivate stromal fibroblasts at the onset of melanoma formation by targeted ablation of β-catenin. To our surprise, melanoma tumors formed from β-catenin-deficient group (B16F10 mixed with β-catenin-deficient fibroblasts) appeared earlier than tumors formed from control group (B16F10 mixed with normal dermal fibroblasts). At the end point when tumors were collected, mutant tumors were bigger and heavier than control tumors. Further analysis showed that there were fewer amounts of stromal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts inside mutant tumor stroma. Melanoma tumors from control group showed reduced proliferation, down-regulated expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, suggesting dermal fibroblasts blocked the onset of melanoma tumor formation by inducing a cell cycle arrest in B16F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, we discovered that dermal fibroblasts prevented epithelial-mesenchymal transition in melanoma cells. Overall, our findings demonstrated that dermal fibroblasts crosstalk with melanoma cells to regulate in vivo tumor development via multiple mechanisms, and the outcomes of their reciprocal interactions depend on activation states of stromal fibroblasts and stages of melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio45267
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio45267
| | - R. Randall Wickett
- Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio45267
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio45267
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29
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its downstream signalling pathways substantially limits renal fibrosis in a wide range of disease models whereas overexpression of TGF-β1 induces renal fibrosis. TGF-β1 can induce renal fibrosis via activation of both canonical (Smad-based) and non-canonical (non-Smad-based) signalling pathways, which result in activation of myofibroblasts, excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and inhibition of ECM degradation. The role of Smad proteins in the regulation of fibrosis is complex, with competing profibrotic and antifibrotic actions (including in the regulation of mesenchymal transitioning), and with complex interplay between TGF-β/Smads and other signalling pathways. Studies over the past 5 years have identified additional mechanisms that regulate the action of TGF-β1/Smad signalling in fibrosis, including short and long noncoding RNA molecules and epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone proteins. Although direct targeting of TGF-β1 is unlikely to yield a viable antifibrotic therapy due to the involvement of TGF-β1 in other processes, greater understanding of the various pathways by which TGF-β1 controls fibrosis has identified alternative targets for the development of novel therapeutics to halt this most damaging process in CKD.
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30
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The emerging roles of β-arrestins in fibrotic diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1277-87. [PMID: 26388156 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins and β-arrestin2 are important adaptor proteins and signal transduction proteins that are mainly involved in the desensitization and internalization of G-protein-coupled receptors. Fibrosis is characterized by accumulation of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules caused by chronic tissue injury. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process leads to organ malfunction and, eventually, death. The incurable lung fibrosis, renal fibrosis and liver fibrosis are among the most common fibrotic diseases. Recent studies show that β-arrestins can activate signaling cascades independent of G-protein activation and scaffold many intracellular signaling networks by diverse types of signaling pathways, including the Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch and transforming growth factor-β pathways, as well as downstream kinases such as MAPK and PI3K. These signaling pathways are involved in the pathological process of fibrosis and fibrotic diseases. This β-arrestin-mediated regulation not only affects cell growth and apoptosis, but also the deposition of ECM, activation of inflammatory response and development of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we survey the involvement of β-arrestins in various signaling pathways and highlight different aspects of their regulation of fibrosis. We also discuss the important roles of β-arrestins in the process of fibrotic diseases by regulating the inflammation and deposit of ECM. It is becoming more evident that targeting β-arrestins may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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31
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Jeschke MG, Patsouris D, Stanojcic M, Abdullahi A, Rehou S, Pinto R, Chen P, Burnett M, Amini-Nik S. Pathophysiologic Response to Burns in the Elderly. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1536-48. [PMID: 26629550 PMCID: PMC4634201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades advancements have improved survival and outcomes of severely burned patients except one population, elderly. The Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) burn size in elderly has remained the same over the past three decades, and so has morbidity and mortality, despite the increased demand for elderly burn care. The objective of this study is to gain insights on why elderly burn patients have had such a poor outcome when compared to adult burn patients. The significance of this project is that to this date, burn care providers recognize the extreme poor outcome of elderly, but the reason remains unclear. In this prospective translational trial, we have determined clinical, metabolic, inflammatory, immune, and skin healing aspects. We found that elderly have a profound increased mortality, more premorbid conditions, and stay at the hospital for longer, p < 0.05. Interestingly, we could not find a higher incidence of infection or sepsis in elderly, p > 0.05, but a significant increased incidence of multi organ failure, p < 0.05. These clinical outcomes were associated with a delayed hypermetabolic response, increased hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic responses, inversed inflammatory response, immune-compromisation and substantial delay in wound healing predominantly due to alteration in characteristics of progenitor cells, p < 0.05. In summary, elderly have substantially different responses to burns when compared to adults associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study indicates that these responses are complex and not linear, requiring a multi-modal approach to improve the outcome of severely burned elderly. The outcome of elderly burn management is low with reasons that remain unclear. Elderly have a higher mortality, more premorbid conditions and a higher incidence of multi organ failure. Elderly stay at the hospital for longer time. The incidence of infection or sepsis is not higher than young adult. Elderly show delayed hyper-metabolic response, increased hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic responses. Elderly present inversed inflammatory response. Elderly show substantial delay in wound healing, predominantly due to alteration in characteristics of progenitor cells.
Despite advancements in treatment of severely burned patients, the death rate is still high in elderly. In this project, we investigate the reason behind this poor outcome. Our report highlights some of the deficiencies that we have observed in elderly patients and compare them to the young adults. Elderly have late immune responses which are necessary to fight the disease. Their body lacks some of the essential stem cells which are essential for skin healing. By learning the major deficiencies that come with this age group, we will be able to help elderly who have been subjected to burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Jeschke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - David Patsouris
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Mile Stanojcic
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdikarim Abdullahi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Rehou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ruxandra Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marjorie Burnett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
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32
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Shi Y, Shu B, Yang R, Xu Y, Xing B, Liu J, Chen L, Qi S, Liu X, Wang P, Tang J, Xie J. Wnt and Notch signaling pathway involved in wound healing by targeting c-Myc and Hes1 separately. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:120. [PMID: 26076648 PMCID: PMC4501079 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wnt and Notch signaling pathways are critically involved in relative cell fate decisions within the development of cutaneous tissues. Moreover, several studies identified the above two pathways as having a significant role during wound healing. However, their biological effects during cutaneous tissues repair are unclear. Methods We employed a self-controlled model (Sprague–Dawley rats with full-thickness skin wounds) to observe the action and effect of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signalings in vivo. The quality of wound repair relevant to the gain/loss-of-function Wnt/β-catenin and Notch activation was estimated by hematoxylin-and-eosin and Masson staining. Immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot analysis were used to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the regulation of Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in wound healing. Meanwhile, epidermal stem cells (ESCs) were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium with Jaggedl or in DAPT (N-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenyl]glycine-1,1-dimethylethyl) to investigate whether the interruption of Notch signaling contributes to the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Results The results showed that in vivo the gain-of-function Wnt/β-catenin and Notch activation extended the ability to promote wound closure. We further determined that activation or inhibition of Wnt signaling and Notch signaling can affect the proliferation of ESCs, the differentiation and migration of keratinocytes, and follicle regeneration by targeting c-Myc and Hes1, which ultimately lead to enhanced or delayed wound healing. Furthermore, Western blot analysis suggested that the two pathways might interact in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion These results suggest that Wnt and Notch signalings play important roles in cutaneous repair by targeting c-Myc and Hes1 separately. What’s more, interaction between the above two pathways might act as a vital role in regulation of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burns, Fo Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Lingnan avenue, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Yingbin Xu
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Bangrong Xing
- Department of Burns, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe road, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jinming Tang
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components that lead to the destruction of organ architecture and impairment of organ function. Moreover, fibrosis is an intricate process attributable to a variety of interlaced fibrogenic signals and intrinsic mechanisms of activation of myofibroblasts. Being the dominant matrix-producing cells in organ fibrosis, myofibroblasts may be differentiated from various types of precursor cells. Identification of the signal pathways that play a key role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases may suggest potential therapeutic targets. Here, we emphasize several intracellular signaling pathways that control the activation of myofibroblasts and matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
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34
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Schulz JN, Zeltz C, Sørensen IW, Barczyk M, Carracedo S, Hallinger R, Niehoff A, Eckes B, Gullberg D. Reduced granulation tissue and wound strength in the absence of α11β1 integrin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1435-1444. [PMID: 25634355 PMCID: PMC4407012 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous wound healing studies have failed to define a role for either α1β1 or α2β1 integrin in fibroblast-mediated wound contraction, suggesting the involvement of another collagen receptor in this process. Our previous work demonstrated that the integrin subunit α11 is highly induced during wound healing both at the mRNA and protein level, prompting us to investigate and dissect the role of the integrin α11β1 during this process. Therefore, we used mice with a global ablation of either α2 or α11 or both integrin subunits and investigated the repair of excisional wounds. Analyses of wounds demonstrated that α11β1 deficiency results in reduced granulation tissue formation and impaired wound contraction, independently of the presence of α2β1. Our combined in vivo and in vitro data further demonstrate that dermal fibroblasts lacking α11β1 are unable to efficiently convert to myofibroblasts, resulting in scar tissue with compromised tensile strength. Moreover, we suggest that the reduced stability of the scar is a consequence of poor collagen remodeling in α11−/− wounds associated with defective transforming growth factor-β–dependent JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida W Sørensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Malgorzata Barczyk
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sergio Carracedo
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralf Hallinger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Tholpady SS, DeGeorge BR, Campbell CA. The Effect of Local Rho-Kinase Inhibition on Murine Wound Healing. Ann Plast Surg 2014; 72:S213-9. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Amini-Nik S, Cambridge E, Yu W, Guo A, Whetstone H, Nadesan P, Poon R, Hinz B, Alman BA. β-Catenin-regulated myeloid cell adhesion and migration determine wound healing. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2599-610. [PMID: 24837430 DOI: 10.1172/jci62059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A β-catenin/T cell factor-dependent transcriptional program is critical during cutaneous wound repair for the regulation of scar size; however, the relative contribution of β-catenin activity and function in specific cell types in the granulation tissue during the healing process is unknown. Here, cell lineage tracing revealed that cells in which β-catenin is transcriptionally active express a gene profile that is characteristic of the myeloid lineage. Mice harboring a macrophage-specific deletion of the gene encoding β-catenin exhibited insufficient skin wound healing due to macrophage-specific defects in migration, adhesion to fibroblasts, and ability to produce TGF-β1. In irradiated mice, only macrophages expressing β-catenin were able to rescue wound-healing deficiency. Evaluation of scar tissue collected from patients with hypertrophic and normal scars revealed a correlation between the number of macrophages within the wound, β-catenin levels, and cellularity. Our data indicate that β-catenin regulates myeloid cell motility and adhesion and that β-catenin-mediated macrophage motility contributes to the number of mesenchymal cells and ultimate scar size following cutaneous injury.
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You DH, Nam MJ. Effects of human epidermal growth factor gene-transfected mesenchymal stem cells on fibroblast migration and proliferation. Cell Prolif 2014; 46:408-15. [PMID: 23869762 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We were interested in determining whether epidermal growth factor gene-transfected mesenchymal stem cells (EGF-MSC) would accelerate fibroblast migration and proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fibroblasts were cultured in serum-free conditioned media from EGF-MSC; RT-PCR was performed to detect expression of EGF gene in EGF-MSCs. EGF protein levels in cell culture supernatants from EGF-MSC were assayed by ELISA and proliferation of EGF-MSC-treated fibroblasts was performed using MTT assay. Effects of EGF-MSC on fibroblast migration were evaluated using scratch wound and transmigration assays. Cell adhesion molecules, cell dynamics molecules and phospho-(Ser) kinase substrate expressions of EGF-MSC-treated fibroblasts were evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS EGF gene expression increased in EGF-MSCs and viability of EGF-MSC-treated fibroblasts was elevated. EGF-MSC-treated fibroblasts showed increased migration compared to controls. Expressions of cell adhesion molecules (β-catenin, N-cadherin), cell dynamics molecules (cofilin, ezrin) and phospho-(Ser) kinase substrates (phospho-MAPK/CDK substrate, phospho-Arg-(Ser)-X-Tyr/Phe-X-pSer motif) increased in EGF-MSC-treated fibroblasts. These results imply that EGF-MSCs contributed to enhancing the wound healing process by increased cell adhesion, dynamic effects, fibroblast migration, and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that EGF-MSCs had a positive influence on fibroblast migration and proliferation and EGF-MSC may provide a useful strategy for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H You
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, 406-799, Korea
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Cutaneous wound healing: recruiting developmental pathways for regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:2059-81. [PMID: 23052205 PMCID: PMC3663196 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following a skin injury, the damaged tissue is repaired through the coordinated biological actions that constitute the cutaneous healing response. In mammals, repaired skin is not identical to intact uninjured skin, however, and this disparity may be caused by differences in the mechanisms that regulate postnatal cutaneous wound repair compared to embryonic skin development. Improving our understanding of the molecular pathways that are involved in these processes is essential to generate new therapies for wound healing complications. Here we focus on the roles of several key developmental signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Hedgehog, Notch) in mammalian cutaneous wound repair, and compare this to their function in skin development. We discuss the varying responses to cutaneous injury across the taxa, ranging from complete regeneration to scar tissue formation. Finally, we outline how research into the role of developmental pathways during skin repair has contributed to current wound therapies, and holds potential for the development of more effective treatments.
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β-catenin signaling: a novel mediator of fibrosis and potential therapeutic target. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012. [PMID: 21885974 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in development and adult tissue homeostasis. Recent investigations implicate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in abnormal wound repair and fibrogenesis. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent key studies that support a role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies of patients with fibrotic diseases have demonstrated changes in components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In animal models, perturbations in Wnt/β-catenin signaling appear to aggravate or ameliorate markers of injury and fibrosis in a variety of different tissues. Studies also suggest that fibroblasts from different tissue sources may have markedly divergent responses to Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-β pathways is complex and context-dependent, and may promote fibrogenesis through coregulation of fibrogenic gene targets. High throughput screening has identified several novel chemical inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that may be of therapeutic potential. SUMMARY Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears important in normal wound healing and its sustained activation is associated with fibrogenesis. The mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin signaling may modify the response to injury is cell-type and context-dependent. Better understanding of this signaling pathway may provide a promising new therapeutic approach for human fibrotic diseases.
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β-catenin signaling: a novel mediator of fibrosis and potential therapeutic target. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 23:562-7. [PMID: 21885974 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32834b3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in development and adult tissue homeostasis. Recent investigations implicate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in abnormal wound repair and fibrogenesis. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent key studies that support a role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies of patients with fibrotic diseases have demonstrated changes in components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In animal models, perturbations in Wnt/β-catenin signaling appear to aggravate or ameliorate markers of injury and fibrosis in a variety of different tissues. Studies also suggest that fibroblasts from different tissue sources may have markedly divergent responses to Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-β pathways is complex and context-dependent, and may promote fibrogenesis through coregulation of fibrogenic gene targets. High throughput screening has identified several novel chemical inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that may be of therapeutic potential. SUMMARY Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears important in normal wound healing and its sustained activation is associated with fibrogenesis. The mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin signaling may modify the response to injury is cell-type and context-dependent. Better understanding of this signaling pathway may provide a promising new therapeutic approach for human fibrotic diseases.
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Wnt/β-catenin pathway forms a negative feedback loop during TGF-β1 induced human normal skin fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 65:38-49. [PMID: 22041457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition is a key event during wound healing and hypertrophic scar formation. Previous studies suggested Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be involved in the wound healing. However, its specific role in skin fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the specific role of β-catenin during the transforming growth factor-β1 induced normal skin myofibroblasts transition. METHODS By real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western-blot and immunocytochemistry, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cultured human normal skin fibroblasts during TGF-β1 induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition was investigated. The effects of β-catenin on myofibroblasts transition were also investigated when SB-216763, over-expression and siRNA of β-catenin were utilized. In addition, fibroblasts populated collagen lattices contraction assays were conducted to examine the effects of β-catenin on the contractility of the fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, the effects of β-catenin on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen types I and III in hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts were studied. RESULTS The expression of Wnts mRNA and β-catenin protein was up-regulated by TGF-β1 stimulation during the myofibroblasts transition. Both of SB-216763 and β-catenin over-expression was paralleled with decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen types I and III, while siRNA targeting β-catenin leads to up-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen types I and III. The increased contractility and α-smooth muscle actin expression of the fibroblasts in the collagen lattices induced by TGF-β1 was inhibited by SB-216763. In addition, the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen types I and III in hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts were also down-regulated by SB-216763. CONCLUSION Specifically in normal skin fibroblasts, β-catenin might be involved in the myofibroblasts transition and negatively regulate the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transition.
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Effects of external application of Chinese medicine on diabetic ulcers and the expressions of β-catenin, c-myc and K6. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17:261-6. [PMID: 21509668 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment of Hongyou Ointment and Shengji Powder on diabetic ulcers, and to observe the influence of CM treatment on the expressions of proteins associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, such as β-catenin, c-myc and K6. METHODS sixty-two patients fitting the registration standards were randomly divided into the CM group (31 patients) and the Western medicine (WM) group (31 patients) by a random number table. The patients in the CM group were treated with Hongyou Ointment and Shengji Powder externally. The patients in the WM group were treated with mupirocin ointment, growth factor (bFGF), and Vaseline gauze for external use and with basic therapies. Wound-healing time and four-week healing rate were recorded. The wounds were measured by digital photography and ImageJ software. Skin biopsies were obtained from 24 patients before CM treatment and 20 patients after CM treatment. Immunohistochemical tests and semi-quantitative imaging with NIH ImageJ 1.42 software were used to analyze the changes in protein expression of β-catenin, c-myc, and K6. RESULTS Fifty-three patients completed the trial; four patients in the CM treatment group and five patients in the WM group dropped out. Among them, four were dissatisfied with the treatment process, two could not continue because of their jobs, two failed to complete the course of follow-up appointments, and one was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma during treatment. The comparison of ulcer healing rates between the two groups showed insignificant differences (P=0.77). The ulcer healing rates were 33.33% (9/27) in the CM group and 26.92% (7/26) in the WM group. However, the effective rate was significantly higher in the CM group (81.48%, 22/27) than in the WM group (57.69%, 15/26, P=0.04). The mean wound healing time was shorter in the CM group (22.71 ±5.46 days) than in the WM group (26.56 ±7.56 days, P=0.04). CM treatment was well tolerated, and there was no withdrawal due to adverse reactions. Immunohistochemical analysis in the refractory wound indicated higher expressions of β-catenin, c-myc and K6 compared with the normal skin. β-catenin was abnormally expressed in the nuclei of the keratinocytes and fibroblasts at the wound margins, and the expressions of c-myc and K6 were highly expressed in the full hyperplastic epidermis, especially in the granular layer (P<0.05). The expressions of these proteins decreased after CM treatment. The expression levels of β-catenin, c-myc, and K6 proteins before and after the treatment were 101.88 ± 10.76 vs. 140.42 ±8.45; 113.27 ± 16.75 vs. 153.79 ±8.32; 90.39 ±11.07 vs. 151.29 ±7.39, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CM treatment using Hongyou Ointment and Shengji Powder was efficient in the management of diabetic skin ulcers. The mechanism of action might be related to the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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