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Yang Z, Wu Y, Neo SH, Yang D, Jeon H, Tee CA, Denslin V, Lin DJ, Lee EH, Boyer LA, Han J. Size-Based Microfluidic-Enriched Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations Enhance Articular Cartilage Repair. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:503-515. [PMID: 38186352 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231214431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional heterogeneity of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has hindered the clinical application of MSCs. Previous studies have shown that MSC subpopulations with superior chondrogenic capacity can be isolated using a spiral microfluidic device based on the principle of inertial cell focusing. HYPOTHESIS The delivery of microfluidic-enriched chondrogenic MSCs that are consistent in size and function will overcome the challenge of the functional heterogeneity of expanded MSCs and will significantly improve MSC-based cartilage repair. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A next-generation, fully automated multidimensional double spiral microfluidic device was designed to provide more refined and efficient isolation of MSC subpopulations based on size. Analysis of in vitro chondrogenic potential and RNA sequencing was performed on size-sorted MSC subpopulations. In vivo cartilage repair efficacy was demonstrated in an osteochondral injury model in 12-week-old rats. Defects were implanted with MSC subpopulations (n = 6 per group) and compared with those implanted with unsegregated MSCs (n = 6). Osteochondral repair was assessed at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery by histological, micro-computed tomography, and mechanical analysis. RESULTS A chondrogenic MSC subpopulation was efficiently isolated using the multidimensional double spiral device. RNA sequencing revealed distinct transcriptomic profiles and identified differential gene expression between subpopulations. The delivery of a chondrogenic MSC subpopulation resulted in improved cartilage repair, as indicated by histological scoring, the compression modulus, and micro-computed tomography of the subchondral bone. CONCLUSION We have established a rapid, label-free, and reliable microfluidic protocol for more efficient size-based enrichment of a chondrogenic MSC subpopulation. Our proof-of-concept in vivo study demonstrates the enhanced cartilage repair efficacy of these enriched chondrogenic MSCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The delivery of microfluidic-enriched chondrogenic MSCs that are consistent in size and function can overcome the challenge of the functional heterogeneity of expanded MSCs, resulting in significant improvement in MSC-based cartilage repair. The availability of such rapid, label-free enriched chondrogenic MSCs can enable better cell therapy products for cartilage repair with improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Hui Neo
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dahou Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungkook Jeon
- Department of Manufacturing Systems and Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ching Ann Tee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinitha Denslin
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daryl Jimian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurie A Boyer
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang C, Shen J, Zhang W, Wang X, Xu X, Lu X, Xu D, Yao L. Aberrant expression of miR-33a-3p/IGF2 in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and its role and mechanism in osteoporosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:487. [PMID: 37415192 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), the most frequent bone-related disease, is characterized by bone loss and fragile fractures, which is related to low bone density (BMD). This study aimed to illustrate the expression and mechanism of miR-33a-3p in osteoporosis. METHODS TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay were applied for verifying the relevance between miR-33a-3p and IGF2. Levels of miR-33a-3p, IGF2, Runx2, ALP and Osterix were checked using RT-qPCR and western blotting. hBMSCs proliferation, apoptosis and ALP activity were analyzed by MTT, flow cytometry (FCM) analysis and ALP detection kit, respectively. Moreover, the calcification of cells was assessed using Alizarin Red S staining. The average BMD was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) assay. RESULTS IGF2 was a target of miR-33a-3p. The level of miR-33a-3p was substantially higher and IGF2 expression was memorably lower in the serum of osteoporosis patients than that in healthy volunteers. Our results also pointed out that miR-33a-3p was reduced and IGF2 expression was enhanced during osteogenic differentiation. We concluded that miR-33a-3p negatively regulated the level of IGF2 in hBMSCs. Besides, miR-33a-3p mimic inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via inhibiting the level of Runx2, ALP and Osterix and decreasing ALP activity. IGF2 plasmid dramatically reversed the influence of miR-33a-3p mimic on IGF2 expression, hBMSCs proliferation and apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. CONCLUSION miR-33a-3p affected osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by targeting IGF2, indicating a potential use of miR-33a-3p as plasma biomarker and therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27 Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Endocrine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27 Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Xianghui Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Dongbin Xu
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27 Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161000, China.
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Pihlström S, Määttä K, Öhman T, Mäkitie RE, Aronen M, Varjosalo M, Mäkitie O, Pekkinen M. A multi-omics study to characterize the transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1032026. [PMID: 36465561 PMCID: PMC9714459 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1032026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various skeletal disorders display defects in osteoblast development and function. An in vitro model can help to understand underlying disease mechanisms. Currently, access to appropriate starting material for in vitro osteoblastic studies is limited. Native osteoblasts and their progenitors, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, (MSCs) are problematic to isolate from affected patients and challenging to expand in vitro. Human dermal fibroblasts in vitro are a promising substitute source of cells. Method: We developed an in vitro culturing technique to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into osteoblast-like cells. We obtained human fibroblasts from forearm skin biopsy and differentiated them into osteoblast-like cells with ß-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone treatment. Osteoblastic phenotype was confirmed by staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and phosphate deposits (Alizarin Red, Von Kossa) and by a multi-omics approach (transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses). Result: After 14 days of treatment, both fibroblasts and MSCs (reference cells) stained positive for ALP together with a significant increase in bone specific ALP (p = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) compared to untreated cells. At a later time point, both cell types deposited minerals, indicating mineralization. In addition, fibroblasts and MSCs showed elevated expression of several osteogenic genes (e.g. ALPL, RUNX2, BMPs and SMADs), and decreased expression of SOX9. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of RNA sequencing data from fibroblasts and MSCs showed that the osteoarthritis pathway was activated in both cell types (p_adj. = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Discussion: These data indicate that our in vitro treatment induces osteoblast-like differentiation in fibroblasts and MSCs, producing an in vitro osteoblastic cell system. This culturing system provides an alternative tool for bone biology research and skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pihlström
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mira Aronen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Feng Z, Su X, Wang T, Guo S. Identification of Biomarkers That Modulate Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Related to Inflammation and Immunity: A Bioinformatics-Based Comprehensive Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091094. [PMID: 36145314 PMCID: PMC9504288 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inducing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenesis may be beneficial in a number of clinical applications. The aim of this study is to identify key novel biomarkers of this process and to analyze the possible regulatory effects on inflammation and immunity. Results: Seven datasets (GSE159137, GSE159138, GSE114117, GSE88865, GSE153829, GSE63754, GSE73087) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and were assigned to either the training or the validation dataset. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model was applied to the training data to select biomarkers of osteogenesis, which were then confirmed using the validation dataset. FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP2), prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2), SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), and transmembrane tetratricopeptide 1 (TMTC1) were highlighted as potential biomarkers. In addition, the differential expressions of immunity and inflammation-related genes were examined and their correlations with the five identified biomarkers were analyzed. The results from performing RT-qPCR and Western blots confirmed that the levels of each of these biomarkers were all significantly increased following osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Conclusions: Our results identify five biomarkers related to MSCs osteogenesis and allow us to identify their potential roles in immunoregulation and inflammation. Each biomarker was verified by in vitro experiments.
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Regenerative and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Regularly Fed, Starved Cells and Extracellular Vesicles In Vivo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172696. [PMID: 36078106 PMCID: PMC9455002 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have been employed successfully in immunotherapy and regenerative medicine, but their therapeutic potential is reduced considerably by the ischemic environment that exists after transplantation. The assumption that preconditioning MSC to promote quiescence may result in increased survival and regenerative potential upon transplantation is gaining popularity. Methods: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of human bone marrow MSC (hBM-MSC) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) grown and isolated in a serum-free medium, as compared to starved hBM-MSC (preconditioned) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic fractured male C57BL/6J mice. Results: Blood samples taken four hours and five days after injection revealed that cells, whether starved or not, generated similar plasma levels of inflammatory-related cytokines but lower levels than animals treated with EVs. Nonetheless, starved cells prompted the highest production of IL-17, IL-6, IL-13, eotaxin and keratinocyte-derived chemokines and induced an earlier soft callus formation and mineralization of the fracture site compared to EVs and regularly fed cells five days after administration. Conclusions: Preconditioning may be crucial for refining and defining new criteria for future MSC therapies. Additionally, the elucidation of mechanisms underpinning an MSC’s survival/adaptive processes may result in increased cell survival and enhanced therapeutic efficacy following transplantation.
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Zhang C, Wu S, Chen E, Yu L, Wang J, Wu M. ALX1-transcribed LncRNA AC132217.4 promotes osteogenesis and bone healing via IGF-AKT signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:328. [PMID: 35639207 PMCID: PMC11073114 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is critical for bone formation and regeneration. A high non-/delayed-union rate of fracture healing still occurs in specific populations, implying an urgent need to discover novel targets for promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration. Long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are emerging regulators of multiple physiological processes, including osteogenesis. Based on differential expression analysis of RNA sequencing data, we found that lncRNA AC132217.4, a 3'UTR-overlapping lncRNA of insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2), was highly induced during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Afterward, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments proved that AC132217.4 promotes osteoblast development from BMSCs. As for its molecular mechanism, we found that AC132217.4 binds with IGF2 mRNA to regulate its expression and downstream AKT activation to control osteoblast maturation and function. Furthermore, we identified two splicing factors, splicing component 35 KDa (SC35) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), which regulate the biogenesis of AC132217.4 at the post-transcriptional level. We also identified a transcription factor, ALX1, which regulates AC132217.7 expression at the transcriptional level to promote osteogenesis. Importantly, in-vivo over-expression of AC132217.4 essentially promotes the bone healing process in a murine tibial drill-hole model. Our study demonstrates that lncRNA AC132217.4 is a novel anabolic regulator of BMSC osteogenesis and could be a plausible therapeutic target for improving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shali Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erman Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyang Yu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and functional subpopulation identification. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:483-492. [PMID: 35365767 PMCID: PMC9076886 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a common kind of multipotent cell in vivo, but their heterogeneity limits their further applications. To identify MSC subpopulations and clarify their relationships, we performed cell mapping of bone-marrow-derived MSCs through single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing. In our study, three main subpopulations, namely, the stemness subpopulation, functional subpopulation, and proliferative subpopulation, were identified using marker genes and further bioinformatic analyses. Developmental trajectory analysis showed that the stemness subpopulation was the root and then became either the functional subpopulation or the proliferative subpopulation. The functional subpopulation showed stronger immunoregulatory and osteogenic differentiation abilities but lower proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. MSCs at different passages or isolated from different donors exhibited distinct cell mapping profiles, which accounted for their corresponding different functions. This study provides new insight into the biological features and clinical use of MSCs at the single-cell level, which may contribute to expanding their application in the clinic.
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Molecular Biological Comparison of Dental Pulp- and Apical Papilla-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052615. [PMID: 35269758 PMCID: PMC8910327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the dental pulp and the apical papilla represent a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative endodontic protocols. The aim of this study was to outline molecular biological conformities and differences between dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). Thus, cells were isolated from the pulp and the apical papilla of an extracted molar and analyzed for mesenchymal stem cell markers as well as multi-lineage differentiation. During induced osteogenic differentiation, viability, proliferation, and wound healing assays were performed, and secreted signaling molecules were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Transcriptome-wide gene expression was profiled by microarrays and validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene regulation was evaluated in the context of culture parameters and functionality. Both cell types expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and were able to enter various lineages. DPSC and SCAP showed no significant differences in cell viability, proliferation, or migration; however, variations were observed in the profile of secreted molecules. Transcriptome analysis revealed the most significant gene regulation during the differentiation period, and 13 biomarkers were identified whose regulation was essential for both cell types. DPSC and SCAP share many features and their differentiation follows similar patterns. From a molecular biological perspective, both seem to be equally suitable for dental pulp tissue engineering.
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Konka J, Espanol M, Bosch BM, de Oliveira E, Ginebra MP. Maturation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite in physiological fluids: a physicochemical and proteomic study. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100137. [PMID: 34632362 PMCID: PMC8487082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) as a bioactive material exhibits exceptional intrinsic osteoinductive and osteogenic properties because of its nanostructure and composition, which promote a favorable microenvironment. Its high reactivity has been hypothesized to play a relevant role in the in vivo performance, mediated by the interaction with the biological fluids, which is amplified by its high specific surface area. Paradoxically, this high reactivity is also behind the in vitro cytotoxicity of this material, especially pronounced in static conditions. The present work explores the structural and physicochemical changes that CDHA undergoes in contact with physiological fluids and to investigate its interaction with proteins. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite discs with different micro/nanostructures, coarse (C) and fine (F), were exposed to cell-free complete culture medium over extended periods of time: 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 50 days. Precipitate formation was not observed in any of the materials in contact with the physiological fluid, which would indicate that the ionic exchanges were linked to incorporation into the crystal structure of CDHA or in the hydrated layer. In fact, CDHA experienced a maturation process, with a progressive increase in crystallinity and the Ca/P ratio, accompanied by an uptake of Mg and a B-type carbonation process, with a gradual propagation into the core of the samples. However, the reactivity of biomimetic hydroxyapatite was highly dependent on the specific surface area and was amplified in nanosized needle-like crystal structures (F), whereas in coarse specimens the ionic exchanges were restricted to the surface, with low penetration in the material bulk. In addition to showing a higher protein adsorption on F substrates, the proteomics study revealed the existence of protein selectivity toward F or C microstructures, as well as the capability of CDHA, and more remarkably of F-CDHA, to concentrate specific proteins from the culture medium. Finally, a substantial improvement in the material's ability to support cell proliferation was observed after the CDHA maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Konka
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Espanol
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B M Bosch
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E de Oliveira
- Plataforma de Proteòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, PCB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M-P Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Shim NY, Heo JS. Performance of the Polydopamine-Graphene Oxide Composite Substrate in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147323. [PMID: 34298943 PMCID: PMC8303500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a biocompatible material considered a favorable stem cell culture substrate. In this study, GO was modified with polydopamine (PDA) to facilitate depositing GO onto a tissue culture polystyrene (PT) surface, and the osteogenic performance of the PDA/GO composite in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) was investigated. The surface chemistry of the PDA/GO-coated PT surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A high cell viability of ESCs cultured on the PDA/GO composite-coated surface was initially ensured. Then, the osteogenic differentiation of the ESCs in response to the PDA/GO substrate was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, intracellular calcium levels, matrix mineralization assay, and evaluation of the mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic factors. The culture of ESCs on the PDA/GO substrate presented higher osteogenic potency than that on the uncoated control surface. ESCs cultured on the PDA/GO substrate expressed significantly higher levels of integrin α5 and β1, as well as bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) types I and II, compared with the control groups. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was observed in ESCs culture on the PDA/GO substrate. Moreover, BMP signal transduction by SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation was increased more in cells on PDA/GO than in the control. The nuclear translocation of SMAD1/5/8 in cells was also processed in response to the PDA/GO substrate. Blocking activation of the integrin α5/β1, MAPK, or SMAD signaling pathways downregulated the PDA/GO-induced osteogenic differentiation of ESCs. These results suggest that the PDA/GO composite stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of ESCs via the integrin α5/β1, MAPK, and BMPR/SMAD signaling pathways.
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Zou Z, Liu R, Wang Y, Xing Y, Shi Z, Wang K, Dong D. IL1RN promotes osteoblastic differentiation via interacting with ITGB3 in osteoporosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:294-303. [PMID: 33493267 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and progress of osteoporosis (OP) are partially caused by impaired osteoblast differentiation. Interleukin-I receptor antagonist (IL1RN) is an immune modulatory molecule that commonly functions by means of competing the binding site of IL-1R with IL-1. Although it was recently reported that IL1RN is involved in osteoblast differentiation, the role of IL1RN in osteogenesis remains unclear. In this work, we first investigated the expression pattern of IL1RN in ovariectomy mice and in vitro osteogenic induction of MC3T3-E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. To verify the exact role of IL1RN in osteoblast differentiation, we established IL1RN-downregulated/upregulated cell lines. The results indicated that IL1RN was constantly expressed in MC3T3-E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Interestingly, an increase of IL1RN expression in osteoblasts occurred when osteoblasts were cultured in osteogenic medium (OM). As expected, silencing of IL1RN attenuated the osteogenic effect of OM, while IL1RN overexpression increased the osteogenic staining and promoted the expression of osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase, osterix, and osteocalcin. In addition to evaluating the function of IL1RN in osteoblasts, we also investigated the molecular mechanism of the role of IL1RN in osteoblasts. We found that IL1RN interacts with integrin β3 to activate β-catenin signaling, which finally regulates osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, this study provides the framework that IL1RN, as a novel regulator of osteogenesis, may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zou
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yufei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zuowei Shi
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Kaifu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Daming Dong
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
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12
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Barcelona‐Estaje E, Dalby MJ, Cantini M, Salmeron‐Sanchez M. You Talking to Me? Cadherin and Integrin Crosstalk in Biomaterial Design. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002048. [PMID: 33586353 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While much work has been done in the design of biomaterials to control integrin-mediated adhesion, less emphasis has been put on functionalization of materials with cadherin ligands. Yet, cell-cell contacts in combination with cell-matrix interactions are key in driving embryonic development, collective cell migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and cancer metastatic processes, among others. This review focuses on the incorporation of both cadherin and integrin ligands in biomaterial design, to promote what is called the "adhesive crosstalk." First, the structure and function of cadherins and their role in eliciting mechanotransductive processes, by themselves or in combination with integrin mechanosensing, are introduced. Then, biomaterials that mimic cell-cell interactions, and recent applications to get insights in fundamental biology and tissue engineering, are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Barcelona‐Estaje
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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13
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Systems biology analysis of osteogenic differentiation behavior by canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and dental pulp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20703. [PMID: 33244029 PMCID: PMC7692528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) for regenerating incorrigible bone diseases has been introduced. However, cMSCs harvested from different sources showed distinct osteogenicity. To clarify this, comparative proteomics-based systems biology analysis was used to analyze osteogenic differentiation behavior by cMSCs harvested from bone marrow and dental pulp. The results illustrated that canine dental pulp stem cells (cDPSCs) contained superior osteogenicity comparing with canine bone marrow-derived MSCs (cBM-MSCs) regarding alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and osteogenic marker expression. Global analyses by proteomics platform showed distinct protein clustering and expression pattern upon an in vitro osteogenic induction between them. Database annotation using Reactome and DAVID revealed contrast and unique expression profile of osteogenesis-related proteins, particularly on signaling pathways, cellular components and processes, and cellular metabolisms. Functional assay and hierarchical clustering for tracking protein dynamic change confirmed that cBM-MSCs required the presences of Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and bone-morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, while cDPSCs mainly relied on BMP signaling presentation during osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Therefore, these findings illustrated the comprehensive data regarding an in vitro osteogenic differentiation behavior by cBM-MSCs and cDPSCs which is crucial for further mechanism study and the establishment of cMSC-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) for veterinary practice.
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14
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Khodabandehloo F, Taleahmad S, Aflatoonian R, Rajaei F, Zandieh Z, Nassiri-Asl M, Eslaminejad MB. Microarray analysis identification of key pathways and interaction network of differential gene expressions during osteogenic differentiation. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:43. [PMID: 33234152 PMCID: PMC7687700 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into three lineages. They are suitable sources for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine applications. This study aims to evaluate the hub genes and key pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to osteogenesis by bioinformatics analysis in three different days. The DEGs were derived from the three different days compared with day 0. RESULTS Gene expression profiles of GSE37558 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 4076 DEGs were acquired on days 8, 12, and 25. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated signaling pathway were commonly upregulated DEGs for all 3 days. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the PI3K-Akt and focal adhesion were also commonly upregulated DEGs for all 3 days. Ten hub genes were identified by CytoHubba on days 8, 12, and 25. Then, we focused on the association of these hub genes with the Wnt pathways that had been enriched from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) by the Cytoscape plugin MCODE. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested further insights into the roles of the PI3K/AKT and Wnt pathways and their association with osteogenesis. In addition, the stem cell microenvironment via growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), IGF1, IGF2, LPS, and Wnt most likely affect osteogenesis by PI3K/AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Wu D, Ma L. Downregulating microRNA-152-3p promotes the viability and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells via targeting integrin alpha 5. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104930. [PMID: 33059275 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microRNA-152-3p (miR-152-3p) in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). DESIGN HPDLSCs were isolated and identified using immunofluorescence staining, and their osteogenic differentiation capability was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red staining. HPDLSC viability was measured using cell counting kit-8. alkaline phosphatase level in hPDLSCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Target gene and potential binding sites between miR-152-3p and integrin alpha 5 (ITGA5) were predicted using TargetScan and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Relative expressions of miR-152-3p and factors related to hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot as needed. RESULTS Collected cells were observed and identified as hPDLSCs. MiR-152-3p expression was downregulated during hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation in a time-dependent manner, and downregulating miR-152-3p promoted cell viability, enhanced alkaline phosphatase level, and increased the expressions of genes related to hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation. ITGA5 was the target gene of miR-152-3p and ITGA5 expression was upregulated during osteogenic differentiation in a time-dependent manner. Silencing ITGA5 partially reversed the effects of downregulating miR-152-3p on hPDLSCs. CONCLUSION Downregulating miR-152-3p may promote hPDLSC viability and osteogenic differentiation via targeting ITGA5, and have potential effects on periodontal and alveolar bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, 448000, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, 448000, China.
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16
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Dadras M, May C, Wagner JM, Wallner C, Becerikli M, Dittfeld S, Serschnitzki B, Schilde L, Guntermann A, Sengstock C, Köller M, Seybold D, Geßmann J, Schildhauer TA, Lehnhardt M, Marcus K, Behr B. Comparative proteomic analysis of osteogenic differentiated human adipose tissue and bone marrow-derived stromal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11814-11827. [PMID: 32885592 PMCID: PMC7579700 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are promising candidates for regenerative applications upon treatment of bone defects. Bone marrow‐derived stromal cells (BMSCs) are limited by yield and donor morbidity but show superior osteogenic capacity compared to adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs), which are highly abundant and easy to harvest. The underlying reasons for this difference on a proteomic level have not been studied yet. Human ASCs and BMSCs were characterized by FACS analysis and tri‐lineage differentiation, followed by an intraindividual comparative proteomic analysis upon osteogenic differentiation. Results of the proteomic analysis were followed by functional pathway analysis. 29 patients were included with a total of 58 specimen analysed. In these, out of 5148 identified proteins 2095 could be quantified in >80% of samples of both cell types, 427 in >80% of ASCs only and 102 in >80% of BMSCs only. 281 proteins were differentially regulated with a fold change of >1.5 of which 204 were higher abundant in BMSCs and 77 in ASCs. Integrin cell surface interactions were the most overrepresented pathway with 5 integrins being among the proteins with highest fold change. Integrin 11a, a known key protein for osteogenesis, could be identified as strongly up‐regulated in BMSC confirmed by Western blotting. The integrin expression profile is one of the key distinctive features of osteogenic differentiated BMSCs and ASCs. Thus, they represent a promising target for modifications of ASCs aiming to improve their osteogenic capacity and approximate them to that of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dadras
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mustafa Becerikli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dittfeld
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Schilde
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Guntermann
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Sengstock
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Seybold
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Geßmann
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Zhang D, Ni N, Wang Y, Tang Z, Gao H, Ju Y, Sun N, He X, Gu P, Fan X. CircRNA-vgll3 promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via modulating miRNA-dependent integrin α5 expression. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:283-302. [PMID: 32814879 PMCID: PMC7853044 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are promising candidate for regenerative medicine to repair non-healing bone defects due to their high and easy availability. However, the limited osteogenic differentiation potential greatly hinders the clinical application of ADSCs in bone repair. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in stem/progenitor cell fate determination, but their specific role in stem/progenitor cell osteogenesis, remains mostly undescribed. Here, we show that circRNA-vgll3 originating from the vgll3 locus markedly enhances osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs; nevertheless, silencing of circRNA-vgll3 dramatically attenuates ADSC osteogenesis. Furthermore, we validate that circRNA-vgll3 functions in ADSC osteogenesis through a circRNA-vgll3/miR-326-5p/integrin α5 (Itga5) pathway. Itga5 promotes ADSC osteogenic differentiation and miR-326-5p suppresses Itga5 translation. CircRNA-vgll3 directly sequesters miR-326-5p in the cytoplasm and inhibits its activity to promote osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of circRNA-vgll3-modified ADSCs with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds was systematically evaluated in a critical-sized defect model in rats. Our results demonstrate that circRNA-vgll3 markedly enhances new bone formation with upregulated bone mineral density, bone volume/tissue volume, trabeculae number, and increased new bone generation. This study reveals the important role of circRNA-vgll3 during new bone biogenesis. Thus, circRNA-vgll3 engineered ADSCs may be effective potential therapeutic targets for bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
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18
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Xie H, Liu M, Jin Y, Lin H, Zhang Y, Zheng S. miR-1323 suppresses bone mesenchymal stromal cell osteogenesis and fracture healing via inhibiting BMP4/SMAD4 signaling. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:237. [PMID: 32600409 PMCID: PMC7322887 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrophic non-union fractures show no radiological evidence of callus formation within 3 months of fracture. microRNA dysregulation may underlie the dysfunctional osteogenesis in atrophic non-union fractures. Here, we aimed to analyze miR-1323 expression in human atrophic non-union fractures and examine miR-1323’s underlying mechanism of action in human mesenchymal stromal cells. Methods Human atrophic non-union and standard healing fracture specimens were examined using H&E and Alcian Blue staining, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and ALP activity assays. The effects of miR-1323 mimics or inhibition on BMP4, SMAD4, osteogenesis-related proteins, ALP activity, and bone mineralization were analyzed in human mesenchymal stromal cells. Luciferase reporter assays were utilized to assay miR-1323’s binding to the 3'UTRs of BMP4 and SMAD4. The effects of miR-1323, BMP4, and SMAD4 were analyzed by siRNA and overexpression vectors. A rat femur fracture model was established to analyze the in vivo effects of antagomiR-1323 treatment. Results miR-1323 was upregulated in human atrophic non-union fractures. Atrophic non-union was associated with downregulation of BMP4 and SMAD4 as well as the osteogenic markers ALP, collagen I, and RUNX2. In vitro, miR-1323 suppressed BMP4 and SMAD4 expression by binding to the 3'UTRs of BMP4 and SMAD4. Moreover, miR-1323’s inhibition of BMP4 and SMAD4 inhibited mesenchymal stromal cell osteogenic differentiation via modulating the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional co-activator TAZ. In vivo, antagomiR-1323 therapy facilitated the healing of fractures in a rat model of femoral fracture. Conclusions This evidence supports the miR-1323/BMP4 and miR-1323/SMAD4 axes as novel therapeutic targets for atrophic non-union fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518 Huanchengbei Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314299, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518 Huanchengbei Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314299, China
| | - Yaofeng Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518 Huanchengbei Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314299, China
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518 Huanchengbei Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314299, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518 Huanchengbei Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314299, China
| | - Song Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1518 Huanchengbei Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314299, China.
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Lin CC, Chang WHS, Cheng TM, Chiu LH, Wang YH, Lin CAJ, Ho YS, Zuo CS, Wang YM, Lai WFT. Two new, near-infrared, fluorescent probes as potential tools for imaging bone repair. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2580. [PMID: 32054952 PMCID: PMC7018698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise imaging technique to evaluate osteogenesis, osteodifferentiation, and osseointegration following peri-implant surgery is in high clinical demand. Herein, we report the generation of two new, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes for use in the molecular imaging of bone repair. The first probe aims to monitor the in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. A NIR fluorochrome was conjugated to a cyclic peptide that binds to integrin α5β1, a factor that promotes osteogenesis in MSCs and therefore functioned as an osteoblast-specific marker. The second probe aims to monitor osteogenesis, and was generated by conjugating the drug pamidronate to a NIR fluorescent gold nanocluster. Pamidronate specifically binds to hydroxyapatite (HA), a mineral present in bone that is produced by osteoblasts, and therefore provides a functional marker for new bone formation. Our results show that both probes bind to their specific targets in vitro-differentiated osteoblasts, and not to undifferentiated MSCs, and emit NIR fluorescence for functional detection. This in vitro work demonstrates the ability of these probes to bind to active osteoblasts and their mineral deposits and highlight their potential utility as clinical tools for the imaging of the osseointegration process at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chou Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Chiu
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Research and Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University/Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun S Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Fu Thomas Lai
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Institute of Graduate Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Research and Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University/Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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20
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Zhao SJ, Kong FQ, Jie J, Li Q, Liu H, Xu AD, Yang YQ, Jiang B, Wang DD, Zhou ZQ, Tang PY, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Chen Q, Yin GY, Zhang HW, Fan J. Macrophage MSR1 promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation and M2-like polarization by activating PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Theranostics 2020; 10:17-35. [PMID: 31903103 PMCID: PMC6929615 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of bone fractures do not heal satisfactorily, leading to significant clinical and socioeconomic implications. Recently, the role of macrophages in regulating bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) differentiation through the osteogenic pathway during fracture healing has attracted much attention. Methods: The tibial monocortical defect model was employed to determine the critical role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) during intramembranous ossification (IO) in vivo. The potential functions and mechanisms of MSR1 were explored in a co-culture system of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), RAW264.7 cells, and BMSCs using qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and RNA sequencing. Results: In this study, using the tibial monocortical defect model, we observed delayed IO in MSR1 knockout (KO) mice compared to MSR1 wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, macrophage MSR1 mediated PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling increased ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the co-culture system. We also identified proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) as the target gene for macrophage MSR1-activated PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in the co-culture system that facilitated M2-like polarization by enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusion: Our findings revealed a previously unrecognized function of MSR1 in macrophages during fracture repair. Targeting MSR1 might, therefore, be a new therapeutic strategy for fracture repair.
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21
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Diao S, Yang H, Cao Y, Yang D, Fan Z. IGF2 enhanced the osteo-/dentinogenic and neurogenic differentiation potentials of stem cells from apical papilla. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47 Suppl 1:55-65. [PMID: 31291686 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In dental tissue engineering, niche is important for maintaining stem cell function and regenerating the dental tissues. However, there is limited knowledge for the growth factors in niche to maintain the function of stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of IGF2, a growth factor in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) niche, on differentiation and proliferation potentials of SCAPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant human IGF2 protein (rhIGF2) was used. Cell counting kit-8 assay, Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, immunofluorescence staining and real-time RT-PCR were performed to investigate the cell proliferation and differentiation potentials of SCAPs. And proteomic analysis was used to identify the differential secreted proteins. RESULTS By ALP activity assay, we found that 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 might be the optimal concentration for treatment. Then, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis and osteogenesis-related gene expression results showed that 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 could enhance the osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation potentials in SCAPs. Immunofluorescence staining and real-time RT-PCR results showed that neurogenic markers were significantly induced by 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 in SCAPs. Then, CCK-8 assay and CFSE assay results showed that 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 could enhance the cell proliferation in SCAPs. Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed that IGF2 could induce some secreted proteins which function related to the osteogenesis, neurogenesis and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified that IGF2 might be the potential mediator in niche to promote SCAP function and dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Diao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Long H, Zhu Y, Lin Z, Wan J, Cheng L, Zeng M, Tang Y, Zhao R. miR-381 modulates human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis via suppressing Wnt signaling pathway during atrophic nonunion development. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:470. [PMID: 31209205 PMCID: PMC6572824 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) has been considered as a central issue in fracture healing. Wnt signaling could promote BMSC osteogenic differentiation through inhibiting PPARγ. During atrophic nonunion, Wnt signaling-related factors, WNT5A and FZD3 proteins, were significantly reduced, along with downregulation of Runx2, ALP, and Collagen I and upregulation of PPARγ. Here, we performed a microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in atrophic nonunion tissues that were associated with Wnt signaling through targeting related factors. Of upregulated miRNAs, miR-381 overexpression could significantly inhibit the osteogenic differentiation in primary human BMSCs while increase in PPARγ protein level. Through binding to the 3'UTR of WNT5A and FZD3, miR-381 modulated the osteogenic differentiation via regulating β-catenin nucleus translocation. Moreover, PPARγ, an essential transcription factor inhibiting osteogenic differentiation, could bind to the promoter region of miR-381 to activate its expression. Taken together, PPARγ-induced miR-381 upregulation inhibits the osteogenic differentiation in human BMSCs through miR-381 downstream targets, WNT5A and FZD3, and β-catenin nucleus translocation in Wnt signaling. The in vivo study also proved that inhibition of miR-381 promoted the fracture healing. Our finding may provide a novel direction for atrophic nonunion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhangyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yifu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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23
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Agrawal Singh S, Lerdrup M, Gomes ALR, van de Werken HJ, Vilstrup Johansen J, Andersson R, Sandelin A, Helin K, Hansen K. PLZF targets developmental enhancers for activation during osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. eLife 2019; 8:40364. [PMID: 30672466 PMCID: PMC6344081 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PLZF transcription factor is essential for osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs; however, its regulation and molecular function during this process is not fully understood. Here, we revealed that the ZBTB16 locus encoding PLZF, is repressed by Polycomb (PcG) and H3K27me3 in naive hMSCs. At the pre-osteoblast stage of differentiation, the locus lost PcG binding and H3K27me3, gained JMJD3 recruitment, and H3K27ac resulting in high expression of PLZF. Subsequently, PLZF was recruited to osteogenic enhancers, influencing H3K27 acetylation and expression of nearby genes important for osteogenic function. Furthermore, we identified a latent enhancer within the ZBTB16/PLZF locus itself that became active, gained PLZF, p300 and Mediator binding and looped to the promoter of the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) gene. The increased expression of NNMT correlated with a decline in SAM levels, which is dependent on PLZF and is required for osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Agrawal Singh
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Welcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana-Luisa R Gomes
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harmen Jg van de Werken
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cancer Computational Biology Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Urology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Andersson
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albin Sandelin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Klaus Hansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Wang H, Ning T, Song C, Luo X, Xu S, Zhang X, Deng Z, Ma D, Wu B. Priming integrin α5 promotes human dental pulp stem cells odontogenic differentiation due to extracellular matrix deposition and amplified extracellular matrix-receptor activity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12897-12909. [PMID: 30556904 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that knocking down integrin α5 (ITGA5) expression by using a lentiviral vector in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) led to weakening proliferation and migration capacity while enhanced odontogenic differentiation. To seek for possible clinical application, we investigated the effect of the ITGA5 priming synthetic cyclic peptide (SCP; GA-CRRETAWAC-GA) on proliferation, migration, and the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Remarkably, the involved mechanism was explored by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation proteomic technique, and the in vivo effect of ITGA5 was investigated by nude mice subcutaneous transplantation of cell and hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate complex. Results showed that SCP weakened the proliferation and migration capacity while enhanced odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs as lentivirus. The phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K/AKT, and MEK1/2/ERK1/2, along with IGF2/IGFBP2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway play an important role in this process. Proteomic Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed the key role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-receptor activity pathway were involved. ECM constituents, secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC), lumican, vitronectin, prolargin, decorin, collagen type VI α1 chain (COL6A1), COL6A2, COL14A1, and COL5A1 were upregulated in the ITGA5-silenced group. Inhibited expression of ITGA5 in DPSCs increased osteoid tissue formation and stronger related genes expression in vivo. In conclusion, the ITGA5 priming peptide could promote DPSCs odontogenic differentiation as lentivirus. Proteomics and bioinformatic analysis revealed that this may be due to the deposition of ECM and amplified ECM-receptor activity, which could fuel the application process of utilizing priming ITGA5 on dental clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ning
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Komatsu N, Kajiya M, Motoike S, Takewaki M, Horikoshi S, Iwata T, Ouhara K, Takeda K, Matsuda S, Fujita T, Kurihara H. Type I collagen deposition via osteoinduction ameliorates YAP/TAZ activity in 3D floating culture clumps of mesenchymal stem cell/extracellular matrix complexes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:342. [PMID: 30526677 PMCID: PMC6286508 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional (3D) floating culture clumps of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/extracellular matrix (ECM) complexes (C-MSCs) consist of cells and self-produced ECM. Previous studies have demonstrated that C-MSCs can be transplanted into bony lesions without an artificial scaffold to induce bone regeneration. Moreover, osteoinductive medium (OIM)-treated C-MSCs (OIM-C-MSCs) have shown rapid and increased new bone formation in vivo. To apply OIM-C-MSCs for novel bone regenerative cell therapy, their cellular properties at the molecular level must be elucidated. The transcriptional co-activators yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) have been recognized as key players in the mechanotransduction cascade, controlling cell lineage commitment in MSCs. It is plausible that 3D C-MSCs/OIM-C-MSCs cultured in floating conditions could provide distinct microenvironments compared to conventional 2D culture systems and thereby induce unique mechanotransduction cascades. Therefore, this study investigated the YAP/TAZ activity in 3D-cultured C-MSCs/OIM-C-MSCs in floating conditions. Methods Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were cultured in growth medium supplemented with ascorbic acid. To obtain C-MSCs, confluent cells that had formed on the cellular sheet were scratched using a micropipette tip and were then torn off. The sheet was rolled to make round clumps of cells. Then, YAP/TAZ activity, filamentous actin (F-actin) integrity, collagen type I (COL1) production, and the differentiation potency in 3D floating culture C-MSCs/OIM-C-MSCs were analyzed. Results C-MSCs cultured in floating conditions lost their actin cytoskeleton to downregulate YAP/TAZ activity, which directed cells to undergo adipogenesis/chondrogenesis. OIM treatment induced abundant COL1 deposition, which facilitated Intβ1-dependent actin fiber formation and YAP/TAZ activity to elevate the expression levels of osteogenic master transcriptional factor runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mRNA in C-MSCs. Importantly, elevation of YAP/TAZ activity via OIM was associated with COL1 deposition and F-actin integrity, suggesting a positive feedback loop in OIM-C-MSCs. Conclusion These findings suggest that OIM-C-MSCs, which form a unique microenvironment that maintains high YAP/TAZ activity, can serve as better candidates for bone regenerative cell therapy than C-MSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1085-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Komatsu
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Souta Motoike
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Manabu Takewaki
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Susumu Horikoshi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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26
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A peptide containing the receptor binding site of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 enhances bone mass in ovariectomized rats. Bone Res 2018; 6:23. [PMID: 30109160 PMCID: PMC6089876 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Male Igfbp2−/− mice have a significant reduction in bone mass and administration of a peptide that contains the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2(IGFBP-2) receptor-binding domain stimulates bone formation in these animals. Female Igfbp2−/− mice do not have this phenotype but following ovariectomy (OVX) lose more bone than OVX wild-type mice. This suggests that in the absence of estrogen, IGFBP-2 is required to maintain bone mass. Therefore these studies were undertaken to determine if this peptide could stimulate bone acquisition in OVX rats. OVX rats were divided into seven treatment groups: sham animals, OVX animals, OVX animals receiving a control scrambled peptide, or one of three doses of the active peptide termed PEG-HBD-1 (0.7, 2, and 6 mg·kg-1) and an OVX group receiving parathyroid hormone (PTH) (50 µg·kg-1 per day). The peptides were administered for 8 weeks. DXA revealed a significant reduction in femoral and tibial areal bone mineral density (aBMD) after OVX, whereas treatment with the high-dose peptide increased aBMD by 6.2% ± 2.4% (P < 0.01) compared to control peptide; similar to the increase noted with PTH (5.6% ± 3.0%, P < 0.01). Similar increases were noted with two lower doses of the peptide (3.8% ± 1.5%, P < 0.05 for low dose; 3.1% ± 1.6%, P = 0.07 for middle dose). Micro CT showed that the OVX control peptide animals had reductions of 41% and 64% in femoral trabecular BV/TV and trabecular number, respectively. All three doses of the peptide increased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) significantly, while the low and middle doses increased trabecular number. Cortical BV/TV and thickness at the midshaft increased significantly with each dose of peptide (18.9% ± 9.8%, P < 0.01 and 14.2% ± 7.9%, P < 0.01 for low dose; 23.7% ± 10.7%, P < 0.001 and 15.8% ± 6.1%, P < 0.001 for middle dose; 19.0% ± 6.9%, P < 0.01 and 16.2% ± 9.7%, P < 0.001 for high dose) and with PTH (25.8% ± 9.2%, P < 0.001 and 19.4% ± 8.8%, P < 0.001). Histomorphometry showed that the lowest dose of peptide stimulated BV/TV, trabecular thickness, mineral apposition rate (MAR), bone formation rate/bone surface (BFR/BS), number of osteoblasts/bone perimeter (N.ob/B.pm), and decreased osteoclast surface/bone perimeter (Oc.S/B.Pm). The highest dose stimulated each of these parameters except MAR and BFR/BS. Thus, the heparin-binding domain receptor region of IGFBP-2 accounts for its anabolic activity in bone. Importantly, this peptide enhances bone mass in estrogen-deficient animals. An experimental peptide stimulates bone acquisition in female rats who have had their ovaries removed, raising the prospect a new drug for osteoporosis. IGFBP-2 is an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein, which regulates the amount of IGF-I and II that are transported out of the blood and are available to influence the growth and proliferation of bone-producing osteoblasts. Previous studies have suggested that IGFBP-2 is required to maintain bone mass in the absence of estrogen, and that a 13 amino acid peptide (HBD1) from the core of the protein could provide a substitute for it. In this study, David Clemmons at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his colleagues demonstrate that injecting the peptide into ovariectomized female rats prompts significant increases in bone mass, whereas control animals lost bone.
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27
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Clemmons DR. Role of IGF-binding proteins in regulating IGF responses to changes in metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T139-T169. [PMID: 29563157 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The IGF-binding protein family contains six members that share significant structural homology. Their principal function is to regulate the actions of IGF1 and IGF2. These proteins are present in plasma and extracellular fluids and regulate access of both IGF1 and II to the type I IGF receptor. Additionally, they have functions that are independent of their ability to bind IGFs. Each protein is regulated independently of IGF1 and IGF2, and this provides an important mechanism by which other hormones and physiologic variables can regulate IGF actions indirectly. Several members of the family are sensitive to changes in intermediary metabolism. Specifically the presence of obesity/insulin resistance can significantly alter the expression of these proteins. Similarly changes in nutrition or catabolism can alter their synthesis and degradation. Multiple hormones such as glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogen and insulin regulate IGFBP synthesis and bioavailability. In addition to their ability to regulate IGF access to receptors these proteins can bind to distinct cell surface proteins or proteins in extracellular matrix and several cellular functions are influenced by these interactions. IGFBPs can be transported intracellularly and interact with nuclear proteins to alter cellular physiology. In pathophysiologic states, there is significant dysregulation between the changes in IGFBP synthesis and bioavailability and changes in IGF1 and IGF2. These discordant changes can lead to marked alterations in IGF action. Although binding protein physiology and pathophysiology are complex, experimental results have provided an important avenue for understanding how IGF actions are regulated in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Clemmons
- Department of MedicineUNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Sun M, Chi G, Xu J, Tan Y, Xu J, Lv S, Xu Z, Xia Y, Li L, Li Y. Extracellular matrix stiffness controls osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells mediated by integrin α5. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29490668 PMCID: PMC5831741 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into osteoblasts has important clinical significance in treating bone injury, and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to be an important regulatory factor for hMSC differentiation. The aim of this study was to further delineate how matrix stiffness affects intracellular signaling through integrin α5/β1, FAK, and Wnt signaling, subsequently regulating the osteogenic phenotype of hMSCs. Methods hMSCs were cultured on tunable polyacrylamide hydrogels coated with fibronectin with stiffness corresponding to a Young’s modulus of 13–16 kPa and 62–68 kPa. After hMSCs were cultured on gels for 1 week, gene expression of alpha-1typeIcollagen, BGLAP, and RUNX2 were evaluated by real-time PCR. After hMSCs were cultured on gels for 24 h, signaling molecules relating to integrin α5 (FAK, ERK, p-ERK, Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, and β-catenin) were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results Osteogenic differentiation was increased on 62–68 kPa ECM, as evidenced by alpha-1 type I collagen, BGLAP, and RUNX2 gene expression, calcium deposition, and ALP staining. In the process of differentiation, gene and protein expression of integrin α5/β1 increased, together with protein expression of the downstream signaling molecules FAK, p-ERK, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, and β-catenin, indicating that these molecules can affect the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. An antibody blocking integrin α5 suppressed the stiffness-induced expression of all osteoblast markers examined. In particular, alpha-1 type I collagen, RUNX2, and BGLAP were significantly downregulated, indicating that integrin α5 regulates hMSC osteogenic differentiation. Downstream expression of FAK, ERK, p-ERK, and β-catenin protein was unchanged, whereas Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β were upregulated. Moreover, expression of Akt and p-Akt was upregulated with anti-integrin α5 antibody, but no difference was observed for FAK, ERK, and p-ERK between the with or without anti-integrin α5 antibody groups. At the same time, expression of GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β was upregulated and β-catenin levels showed no difference between the groups with or without anti-integrin α5 antibody. Since Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β displayed the same changes between the groups with or without anti-integrin α5 antibody, we then detected the links among them. Expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β was reduced effectively in the presence of the Akt inhibitor Triciribine. However, Akt, GSK-3β, and β-catenin were unchanged. These results suggested that expression of p-GSK-3β was regulated by p-Akt on 62–68 kPa ECM. Conclusions Taken together, our results provide evidence that matrix stiffness (62–68 kPa) affects the osteogenic outcome of hMSCs through mechanotransduction events that are mediated by integrin α5. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0798-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Hybrid-spheroids incorporating ECM like engineered fragmented fibers potentiate stem cell function by improved cell/cell and cell/ECM interactions. Acta Biomater 2017; 64:161-175. [PMID: 29037892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is critical for the viability, stemness, and differentiation of stem cells. In this study, we developed hybrid-spheroids of human turbinate mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) by using extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking fragmented fibers (FFs) for improvement of the viability and functions of hTMSCs. We prepared FFs with average size of 68.26 µm by partial aminolysis of poly L-lactide (PLLA) fibrous sheet (FS), which was coated with polydopamine for improved cell adhesion. The proliferation of hTMSCs within the hybrid-spheroids mixed with fragmented fibers was significantly increased as compared to that from the cell-only group. Cells and fragmented fibers were homogenously distributed with the presence of pore like empty spaces in the structure. LOX-1 staining revealed that the hybrid-spheroids improved the cell viability, which was potentially due to enhanced transport of oxygen through void space generated by engineered ECM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that cells within the hybrid-spheroid formed strong cell junctions and contacts with fragmented fibers. The expression of cell junction proteins including connexin 43 and E-cadherin was significantly upregulated in hybrid-spheroids by 16.53 ± 0.04 and 28.26 ± 0.11-fold greater than that from cell-only group. Similarly, expression of integrin α2, α5, and β1 was significantly enhanced at the same group by 25.72 ± 0.13, 27.48 ± 0.49, and 592.78 ± 0.06-fold, respectively. In addition, stemness markers including Oct-4, Nanog, and Sox2 were significantly upregulated in hybrid-spheroids by 96.56 ± 0.06, 158.95 ± 0.06, and 115.46 ± 0.47-fold, respectively, relative to the cell-only group. Additionally, hTMSCs within the hybrid-spheroids showed significantly greater osteogenic differentiation under osteogenic media conditions. Taken together, our hybrid-spheroids can be an ideal approach for stem cell expansion and serve as a potential carrier for bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cells are spatially arranged within extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell/ECM interactions are crucial for cellular functions. Here, we developed a hybrid-spheroid system incorporating engineered ECM prepared from fragmented electrospun fibers to tune stem cell functions. Conventionally prepared cell spheroids with large diameters (>200 µm) is often prone to hypoxia. In contrast, the hybrid-spheroids significantly enhanced viability and proliferation of human turbinate mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) as compared to spheroid prepared from cell only. Under these conditions, the presence of fragmented fibers also improved maintenance of stemness of hTMSCs for longer time cultured in growth media and demonstrated significantly greater osteogenic differentiation under osteogenic media conditions. Thus, the hybrid-spheroids can be used as a delivery carrier for stem cell based therapy or a 3D culture model for in vitro assay.
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Kuljanin M, Brown CFC, Raleigh MJ, Lajoie GA, Flynn LE. Collagenase treatment enhances proteomic coverage of low-abundance proteins in decellularized matrix bioscaffolds. Biomaterials 2017; 144:130-143. [PMID: 28829951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in the application of advanced proteomic techniques to characterize decellularized tissues in order to develop a deeper understanding of the effects of the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) composition on the cellular response to these pro-regenerative bioscaffolds. However, the identification of proteins in ECM-derived bioscaffolds is hindered by the high abundance of collagen in the samples, which can interfere with the detection of lower-abundance constituents that may be important regulators of cell function. To address this limitation, we developed a novel multi-enzyme digestion approach using treatment with a highly-purified collagenase derived from Clostridium Histolyticum to selectively deplete collagen from ECM-derived protein extracts, reducing its relative abundance from up to 90% to below 10%. Moreover, we applied this new method to characterize the proteome of human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT), human decellularized cancellous bone (DCB), and commercially-available bovine tendon collagen (BTC). We successfully demonstrated with all three sources that collagenase treatment increased the depth of detection and enabled the identification of a variety of signaling proteins that were masked by collagen in standard digestion protocols with trypsin/LysC, increasing the number of proteins identified in the DAT by ∼2.2 fold, the DCB by ∼1.3 fold, and the BTC by ∼1.6 fold. In addition, quantitative proteomics using label-free quantification demonstrated that the DAT and DCB extracts were compositionally distinct, and identified a number of adipogenic and osteogenic proteins that were consistently more highly expressed in the DAT and DCB respectively. Overall, we have developed a new processing method that may be applied in advanced mass spectrometry studies to improve the high-throughput proteomic characterization of bioscaffolds derived from mammalian tissues. Further, our study provides new insight into the complex ECM composition of two human decellularized tissues of interest as cell-instructive platforms for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Kuljanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Cody F C Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Matthew J Raleigh
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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31
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Yao Y, Deng Q, Sun C, Song W, Liu H, Zhou Y. A genome-wide analysis of the gene expression profiles and alternative splicing events during the hypoxia-regulated osteogenic differentiation of human cartilage endplate-derived stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1991-2001. [PMID: 28656244 PMCID: PMC5562021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that intervertebral disc degeneration is initiated by degeneration of the cartilage endplate (CEP), which is characterized by cartilage ossification. CEP‑derived stem cells (CESCs), with the potential for chondro‑osteogenic differentiation, may be responsible for the balance between chondrification and ossification in the CEP. The CEP remains in an avascular and hypoxic microenvironment; the present study observed that hypoxia was able to markedly inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of CESCs. This tissue‑specific CESC differentiation in response to a hypoxic microenvironment was physiologically important for the prevention of ossification in the CEP. In order to study the hypoxia‑regulated mechanisms underlying osteogenic differentiation of CESCs, a Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) during the osteogenic differentiation of CESCs under hypoxia, compared with those induced under normoxia. High‑throughput analysis of DEGs and ASGs demonstrated that genes in the complement pathway were enriched, which may be a potential mechanism underlying hypoxia inhibition of CESCs osteogenesis. The results of the present study may provide a basis for future mechanistic studies regarding gene expression levels and alternative splicing events during the hypoxia‑regulated inhibition of osteogenesis, which may be helpful in identifying targets for CEP degeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qiyue Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weiling Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Lencer ES, Warren WC, Harrison R, McCune AR. The Cyprinodon variegatus genome reveals gene expression changes underlying differences in skull morphology among closely related species. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:424. [PMID: 28558659 PMCID: PMC5450241 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the genetic and developmental origins of phenotypic novelty is central to the study of biological diversity. In this study we identify modifications to the expression of genes at four developmental stages that may underlie jaw morphological differences among three closely related species of pupfish (genus Cyprinodon) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Pupfishes on San Salvador Island are trophically differentiated and include two endemic species that have evolved jaw morphologies unlike that of any other species in the genus Cyprinodon. RESULTS We find that gene expression differs significantly across recently diverged species of pupfish. Genes such as Bmp4 and calmodulin, previously implicated in jaw diversification in African cichlid fishes and Galapagos finches, were not found to be differentially expressed among species of pupfish. Instead we find multiple growth factors and cytokine/chemokine genes to be differentially expressed among these pupfish taxa. These include both genes and pathways known to affect craniofacial development, such as Wnt signaling, as well as novel genes and pathways not previously implicated in craniofacial development. These data highlight both shared and potentially unique sources of jaw diversity in pupfish and those identified in other evolutionary model systems such as Galapagos finches and African cichlids. CONCLUSIONS We identify modifications to the expression of genes involved in Wnt signaling, Igf signaling, and the inflammation response as promising avenues for future research. Our project provides insight into the magnitude of gene expression changes contributing to the evolution of morphological novelties, such as jaw structure, in recently diverged pupfish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra S Lencer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Wesley C Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Richard Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Amy R McCune
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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Diao S, Lin X, Wang L, Dong R, Du J, Yang D, Fan Z. Analysis of gene expression profiles between apical papilla tissues, stem cells from apical papilla and cell sheet to identify the key modulators in MSCs niche. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28145066 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The microenvironmental niche plays the key role for maintaining the cell functions. The stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are important for tooth development and regeneration. However, there is limited knowledge about the key factors in niche for maintaining the function of SCAPs. In this study, we analyse the gene expression profiles between apical papilla tissues, SCAPs and SCAPs cell sheet to identify the key genes in SCAPs niche. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray assays and bioinformatic analysis were performed to screen the differential genes between apical papilla tissues and SCAPs, and SCAPs and SCAPs cell sheet. Recombinant human BMP6 protein was used in SCAPs. Then CCK-8 assay, CFSE assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium analysis and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were performed to investigate the cell proliferation and differentiation potentials of SCAPs. RESULTS Microarray analysis found that 846 genes were up-regulated and 1203 genes were down-regulated in SCAPs compared with apical papilla tissues. While 240 genes were up-regulated and 50 genes were down-regulated in SCAPs compared to in SCAPs cell sheet. Moreover, only 31 gene expressions in apical papilla tissues were recovered in cell sheet compared with SCAPs. Bioinformatic analysis identified that TGF-β, WNT and MAPK signalling pathways may play an important role in SCAPs niche. Based on the analysis, we identified one key growth factor in niche, BMP6, which could enhance the cell proliferation, the osteo/dentinogenic, neurogenic and angiogenic differentiation potentials of SCAPs. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided insight into the mechanisms of the microenvironmental niche which regulate the function of SCAPs, and identified the key candidate genes in niche to promote mesenchymal stem cells-mediated dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Diao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Fraioli R, Dashnyam K, Kim JH, Perez RA, Kim HW, Gil J, Ginebra MP, Manero JM, Mas-Moruno C. Surface guidance of stem cell behavior: Chemically tailored co-presentation of integrin-binding peptides stimulates osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo. Acta Biomater 2016; 43:269-281. [PMID: 27481289 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Surface modification stands out as a versatile technique to create instructive biomaterials that are able to actively direct stem cell fate. Chemical functionalization of titanium has been used in this work to stimulate the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into the osteoblastic lineage, by covalently anchoring a synthetic double-branched molecule (PTF) to the metal that allows a finely controlled presentation of peptidic motifs. In detail, the effect of the RGD adhesive peptide and its synergy motif PHSRN is studied, comparing a random distribution of the two peptides with the chemically-tailored disposition within the custom made synthetic platform, which mimics the interspacing between the motifs observed in fibronectin. Contact angle measurement and XPS analysis are used to prove the efficiency of functionalization. We demonstrate that, by rationally designing ligands, stem cell response can be efficiently guided towards the osteogenic phenotype: In vitro, PTF-functionalized surfaces support hMSCs adhesion, with higher cell area and formation of focal contacts, expression of the integrin receptor α5β1 and the osteogenic marker Runx2, and deposition a highly mineralized matrix, reaching values of mineralization comparable to fibronectin. Our strategy is also demonstrated to be efficient in promoting new bone growth in vivo in a rat calvarial defect. These results highlight the efficacy of chemical control over the presentation of bioactive peptides; such systems may be used to engineer bioactive surfaces with improved osseointegrative properties, or can be easily tuned to generate multi-functional coatings requiring a tailored disposition of the peptidic motifs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Organic coatings have been proposed as a solution to foster osseointegration of orthopedic implants. Among them, extracellular matrix-derived peptide motifs are an interesting biomimetic strategy to harness cell-surface interactions. Nonetheless, the combination of multiple peptide motifs in a controlled manner is essential to achieve receptor specificity and fully exploit the potentiality of synthetic peptides. Herein, we covalently graft to titanium a double branched molecule to guide stem cell fate in vitro and generate an osseoinductive titanium surface in vivo. Such synthetic ligand allows for the simultaneous presentation of two bioactive motifs, thus is ideal to test the effect of synergic sequences, such as RGD and PHSRN, and is a clear example of the versatility and feasibility of rationally designed biomolecules.
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Gao X, Usas A, Lu A, Kozemchak A, Tang Y, Poddar M, Sun X, Cummins JH, Huard J. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency impairs muscle-derived stem cell-mediated bone regeneration via cellular autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3216-3231. [PMID: 27354351 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by donor and host cells in muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC)-mediated bone regeneration utilizing a critical size calvarial defect model. We found that BMP4/green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transduced MDSCs formed significantly less bone in COX-2 knock-out (Cox-2KO) than in COX-2 wild-type (WT) mice. BMP4/GFP-transduced Cox-2KO MDSCs also formed significantly less bone than transduced WT MDSCs when transplanted into calvarial defects created in CD-1 nude mice. The impaired bone regeneration in the Cox-2KO MDSCBMP4/GFP group is associated with downregulation of BMP4-pSMAD1/5 signaling, decreased osteogenic differentiation and lowered proliferation capacity after transplantation, compared with WT MDSCBMP4/GFP cells. The Cox-2KO MDSCBMP4/GFP group demonstrated a reduction in cell survival and direct osteogenic differentiation in vitro These effects were mediated in part by the downregulation of Igf1 and Igf2. In addition, the Cox-2KO MDSCBMP4/GFP cells recruited fewer macrophages than the WT MDSC/BMP4/GFP cells in the early phase after injury. We concluded that the bone regeneration capacity of Cox-2KO MDSCs was impaired because of a reduction in cell proliferation and survival capacities, reduction in osteogenic differentiation and a decrease in the ability of the cells to recruit host cells to the injury site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
| | - Adam Kozemchak
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James H Cummins
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
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Pilge H, Fröbel J, Prodinger PM, Mrotzek SJ, Fischer JC, Zilkens C, Bittersohl B, Krauspe R. Enoxaparin and rivaroxaban have different effects on human mesenchymal stromal cells in the early stages of bone healing. Bone Joint Res 2016; 5:95-100. [PMID: 26989119 PMCID: PMC4852789 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major potential complication following orthopaedic surgery. Subcutaneously administered enoxaparin has been used as the benchmark to reduce the incidence of VTE. However, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term administration of enoxaparin and its possible negative effects on bone healing and bone density with an increase of the risk of osteoporotic fractures. New oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban have recently been introduced, however, there is a lack of information regarding how these drugs affect bone metabolism and post-operative bone healing. Methods We measured the migration and proliferation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under enoxaparin or rivaroxaban treatment for three consecutive weeks, and evaluated effects on MSC mRNA expression of markers for stress and osteogenic differentiation. Results We demonstrate that enoxaparin, but not rivaroxaban, increases the migration potential of MSCs and increases their cell count in line with elevated mRNA expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and alpha-B-crystallin (CryaB). However, a decrease in early osteogenic markers (insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2), bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP2)) indicated inhibitory effects on MSC differentiation into osteoblasts caused by enoxaparin, but not by rivaroxaban. Conclusions Our findings may explain the adverse effects of enoxaparin treatment on bone healing. Rivaroxaban has no significant impact on MSC metabolism or capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Cite this article: Dr H. Pilge. Enoxaparin and rivaroxaban have different effects on human mesenchymal stromal cells in the early stages of bone healing. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:95–100. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000595.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pilge
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Fröbel
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P M Prodinger
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - S J Mrotzek
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J C Fischer
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Zilkens
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B Bittersohl
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Krauspe
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Pilge H, Fröbel J, Mrotzek SJ, Fischer JC, Prodinger PM, Zilkens C, Bittersohl B, Krauspe R. Effects of thromboprophylaxis on mesenchymal stromal cells during osteogenic differentiation: an in-vitro study comparing enoxaparin with rivaroxaban. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:108. [PMID: 26927834 PMCID: PMC4772441 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-0966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low-molecular-weight heparins (e.g. Enoxaparin) are widely used to prevent venous thromboembolism after orthopaedic surgery, but there are reports about serious side effects including reduction in bone density and strength. In recent years new oral antithrombotic drugs (e.g. direct Factor Xa-inhibitor, Rivaroxaban) have been used to prevent venous thromboembolism. However, there is lack of information on the effects of these new drugs on human mesenchymal stromal cells during osteogenic differentiation and, therefore, effects during postoperative bone healing. Methods We evaluated the effects of Rivaroxaban and Enoxaparin on the proliferation, mRNA and surface receptor expression as well as differentiation capacity of primary human mesenchymal stromal cells during their osteogenic differentiation. Results Enoxaparin, but not Rivaroxaban treatment significantly increased human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) proliferation during the first week of osteogenic differentiation while suppressing osteogenic marker genes, surface receptor expression and calcification. Conclusions This is the first paper to demonstrate that Rivaroxaban had no significant influence on hMSC differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage, indicating a less affected bone healing process compared with Enoxaparin in vitro. Based on these findings Rivaroxaban seems to be superior to Enoxaparin in early stages of bone healing in vitro. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-0966-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Pilge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Silvia J Mrotzek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Johannes C Fischer
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Peter M Prodinger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Zilkens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bernd Bittersohl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Krauspe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zhu M, Lin S, Sun Y, Feng Q, Li G, Bian L. Hydrogels functionalized with N-cadherin mimetic peptide enhance osteogenesis of hMSCs by emulating the osteogenic niche. Biomaterials 2015; 77:44-52. [PMID: 26580785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
N-cadherin is considered to be the key factor in directing cell-cell interactions during mesenchymal condensation, which is essential to osteogenesis. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels are biofunctionalized with an N-cadherin mimetic peptide to mimic the pro-osteogenic niche in the endosteal space to promote the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results show that the conjugation of the N-cadherin peptide in the HA hydrogels enhances the expression of the osteogenic marker genes in the seeded hMSCs. Furthermore, the biofunctionalized HA hydrogels promote the alkaline phosphatase activity, type I collagen deposition, and matrix mineralization by the seeded hMSCs under both in vitro and in vivo condition. We postulate that the biofunctionalized hydrogels emulates the N-cadherin-mediated homotypic cell-cell adhesion among MSCs and the "orthotypic" interaction between the osteoblasts and MSCs. These findings demonstrate that the biofunctionalized HA hydrogels provide a supportive niche microenvironment for the osteogenesis of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Feng
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Bian
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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DeMambro VE, Le PT, Guntur AR, Maridas DE, Canalis E, Nagano K, Baron R, Clemmons DR, Rosen CJ. Igfbp2 Deletion in Ovariectomized Mice Enhances Energy Expenditure but Accelerates Bone Loss. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4129-40. [PMID: 26230658 PMCID: PMC4606757 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported sexually dimorphic bone mass and body composition phenotypes in Igfbp2(-/-) mice (-/-), where male mice exhibited decreased bone and increased fat mass, whereas female mice displayed increased bone but no changes in fat mass. To investigate the interaction between IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and estrogen, we subjected Igfbp2 -/- and +/+ female mice to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery at 8 weeks of age. At 20 weeks of age, mice underwent metabolic cage analysis and insulin tolerance tests before killing. At harvest, femurs were collected for microcomputed tomography, serum for protein levels, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) adipose depots for histology, gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration analysis of whole tissue. In +/+ mice, serum IGFBP-2 dropped 30% with OVX. In the absence of IGFBP-2, OVX had no effect on preformed BAT; however, there was significant "browning" of the IWAT depot coinciding with less weight gain, increased insulin sensitivity, lower intraabdominal fat, and increased bone loss due to higher resorption and lower formation. Likewise, after OVX, energy expenditure, physical activity and BAT mitochondrial respiration were decreased less in the OVX-/- compared with OVX+/+. Mitochondrial respiration of IWAT was reduced in OVX+/+ yet remained unchanged in OVX-/- mice. These changes were associated with significant increases in Fgf21 and Foxc2 expression, 2 proteins known for their insulin sensitizing and browning of WAT effects. We conclude that estrogen deficiency has a profound effect on body and bone composition in the absence of IGFBP-2 and may be related to changes in fibroblast growth factor 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E DeMambro
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Phuong T Le
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - David E Maridas
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Roland Baron
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - David R Clemmons
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
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Ling L, Camilleri ET, Helledie T, Samsonraj RM, Titmarsh DM, Chua RJ, Dreesen O, Dombrowski C, Rider DA, Galindo M, Lee I, Hong W, Hui JH, Nurcombe V, van Wijnen AJ, Cool SM. Effect of heparin on the biological properties and molecular signature of human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2015; 576:292-303. [PMID: 26484394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic use of heparin as an anti-coagulant for the treatment of thrombosis or embolism invokes many adverse systemic events including thrombocytopenia, vascular reactions and osteoporosis. Here, we addressed whether adverse effects might also be directed to mesenchymal stem cells that reside in the bone marrow compartment. Harvested human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were exposed to varying doses of heparin and their responses profiled. At low doses (<200 ng/ml), serial passaging with heparin exerted a variable effect on hMSC proliferation and multipotentiality across multiple donors, while at higher doses (≥ 100 μg/ml), heparin supplementation inhibited cell growth and increased both senescence and cell size. Gene expression profiling using cDNA arrays and RNA-seq analysis revealed pleiotropic effects of low-dose heparin on signaling pathways essential to hMSC growth and differentiation (including the TGFβ/BMP superfamily, FGFs, and Wnts). Cells serially passaged in low-dose heparin possess a donor-dependent gene signature that reflects their altered phenotype. Our data indicate that heparin supplementation during the culturing of hMSCs can alter their biological properties, even at low doses. This warrants caution in the application of heparin as a culture supplement for the ex vivo expansion of hMSCs. It also highlights the need for careful evaluation of the bone marrow compartment in patients receiving chronic heparin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Emily T Camilleri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Torben Helledie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rebekah M Samsonraj
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Drew M Titmarsh
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ren Jie Chua
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Oliver Dreesen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Christian Dombrowski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - David A Rider
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mario Galindo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Casilla 70061, Correo 7, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - James H Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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Sawada K, Takedachi M, Yamamoto S, Morimoto C, Ozasa M, Iwayama T, Lee CM, Okura H, Matsuyama A, Kitamura M, Murakami S. Trophic factors from adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells promote cytodifferentiation of periodontal ligament cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:299-305. [PMID: 26116772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells are currently being investigated for their applicability in cell-based therapy for periodontal tissue regeneration. We recently demonstrated that the transplantation of adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells (ADMPCs) enhances periodontal tissue regeneration in beagle dogs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which transplanted ADMPCs induce periodontal tissue regeneration remain to be elucidated. In this study, trophic factors released by ADMPCs were examined for their paracrine effects on human periodontal ligament cell (HPDL) function. ADMPC conditioned medium (ADMPC-CM) up-regulated osteoblastic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcified nodule formation in HPDLs, but did not significantly affect their proliferative response. ADMPCs secreted a number of growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6), hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Among these, IGFBP6 was most highly expressed. Interestingly, the positive effects of ADMPC-CM on HPDL differentiation were significantly suppressed by transfecting ADMPCs with IGFBP6 siRNA. Our results suggest that ADMPCs transplanted into a defect in periodontal tissue release trophic factors that can stimulate the differentiation of HPDLs to mineralized tissue-forming cells, such as osteoblasts and cementoblasts. IGFBP6 may play crucial roles in ADMPC-induced periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Satomi Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Morimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Ozasa
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chun Man Lee
- Medical Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanayuki Okura
- Research on Disease Bioresources, Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Research on Disease Bioresources, Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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42
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Feng N, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zheng H, Qu F, He X, Wang C. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 Promotes Adhesion of Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Endothelial Cells via Integrin α5β1. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:426-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wong TY, Solis MA, Chen YH, Huang LLH. Molecular mechanism of extrinsic factors affecting anti-aging of stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:512-520. [PMID: 25815136 PMCID: PMC4369508 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that stem cells possess the anti-aging ability to self-renew and maintain differentiation potentials, and quiescent state. The objective of this review is to discuss the micro-environment where stem cells reside in vivo, the secreted factors to which stem cells are exposed, the hypoxic environment, and intracellular factors including genome stability, mitochondria integrity, epigenetic regulators, calorie restrictions, nutrients, and vitamin D. Secreted tumor growth factor-β and fibroblast growth factor-2 are reported to play a role in stem cell quiescence. Extracellular matrices may interact with caveolin-1, the lipid raft on cell membrane to regulate quiescence. N-cadherin, the adhesive protein on niche cells provides support for stem cells. The hypoxic micro-environment turns on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 to prevent mesenchymal stem cells aging through p16 and p21 down-regulation. Mitochondria express glucosephosphate isomerase to undergo glycolysis and prevent cellular aging. Epigenetic regulators such as p300, protein inhibitors of activated Stats and H19 help maintain stem cell quiescence. In addition, calorie restriction may lead to secretion of paracrines cyclic ADP-ribose by intestinal niche cells, which help maintain intestinal stem cells. In conclusion, it is crucial to understand the anti-aging phenomena of stem cells at the molecular level so that the key to solving the aging mystery may be unlocked.
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Ding W, Li J, Singh J, Alif R, Vazquez-Padron RI, Gomes SA, Hare JM, Shehadeh LA. miR-30e targets IGF2-regulated osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, and ApoE-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:131-42. [PMID: 25678587 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Activation of an osteogenic transcriptional program contributes to the initiation of aortic calcification in atherosclerosis. The role of microRNAs in regulating aortic calcification is understudied. We tested the hypothesis that miR-30e regulates an osteogenic program in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and ApoE(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS In aortas of wild-type mice, we found that miR-30e is highly expressed in medial SMCs. In aortas of old ApoE(-/-) mice, we found that miR-30e transcripts are down-regulated in an inverse relation to the osteogenic markers Runx2, Opn, and Igf2. In vitro, miR-30e over-expression reduced the proliferation of MSCs and SMCs while increasing adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and smooth muscle differentiation of SMCs. In MSCs and SMCs over-expressing miR-30e, microarrays and qPCR showed repression of an osteogenic gene panel including Igf2. Inhibiting miR-30e in MSCs increased Igf2 transcripts. In SMCs, IGF2 recombinant protein rescued miR-30e-repressed osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase and mutagenesis assays showed binding of miR-30e to a novel and essential site at the 3'UTR of Igf2. In ApoE(-/-) mice, injections of antimiR-30e oligos increased Igf2 expression in the aortas and livers and significantly enhanced OPN protein expression and calcium deposition in aortic valves. CONCLUSION miR-30e represses the osteogenic program in MSCs and SMCs by targeting IGF2 and drives their differentiation into adipogenic or smooth muscle lineage, respectively. Our data suggest that down-regulation of miR-30e in aortas with age and atherosclerosis triggers vascular calcification. The miR-30e pathway plays an important regulatory role in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jihe Li
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jayanti Singh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Razan Alif
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Samirah A Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Saidak Z, Le Henaff C, Azzi S, Marty C, Da Nascimento S, Sonnet P, Marie PJ. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates osteoblast differentiation triggered by peptide-induced α5β1 integrin priming in mesenchymal skeletal cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6903-12. [PMID: 25631051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The α5β1 integrin is a key fibronectin (FN) receptor that binds to RGD-containing peptides to mediate cell adhesion. We previously reported that α5β1 integrin promotes osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal skeletal cells (MSCs), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we determined the signaling mechanisms induced by α5β1 integrin interaction with its high-affinity ligand CRRETAWAC in murine and human MSCs and in vivo. We show that cyclized CRRETAWAC fully displaced MSC adhesion to FN, whereas related peptides lacking the full RRET sequence produced a partial displacement, indicating that RRET acts as an RGD-like sequence that is required to antagonize FN-mediated cell adhesion. However, all peptides increased focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, OSE2 transcriptional activity, osteoblast gene expression, and matrix mineralization in MSCs, indicating that peptide-induced α5β1 integrin priming can promote osteogenic differentiation independently of the RRET sequence. Biochemical analyses showed that peptide-induced α5β1 integrin priming transiently increased PI3K/Akt phosphorylation and promoted Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity independently of RRET. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K activity reduced osteoblast differentiation and abolished Wnt regulatory gene expression induced by α5β1 integrin priming. In vivo, systemic delivery of cyclized GACRETAWACGA linked to (DSS)6 to allow delivery to bone-forming sites for 6 weeks increased serum osteocalcin levels and improved long bone mass and microarchitecture in SAMP-6 senescent osteopenic mice. The results support a mechanism whereby α5β1 integrin priming by high-affinity ligands integrates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote osteoblast differentiation independently of cell adhesion, which could be used to improve bone mass and microarchitecture in the aging skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Saidak
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Carole Le Henaff
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Sofia Azzi
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Caroline Marty
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
| | - Sophie Da Nascimento
- the Equipe Théra, Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens, et des Agroressources (LG2A)-FRE-CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- the Equipe Théra, Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens, et des Agroressources (LG2A)-FRE-CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pierre J Marie
- From UMR-1132 INSERM, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France, the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and
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Lankford L, Selby T, Becker J, Ryzhuk V, Long C, Farmer D, Wang A. Early gestation chorionic villi-derived stromal cells for fetal tissue engineering. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:195-207. [PMID: 25621120 PMCID: PMC4300931 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the potential for early gestation placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) for fetal tissue engineering.
METHODS: PMSCs were isolated from early gestation chorionic villus tissue by explant culture. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)-size tissue samples (mean = 35.93 mg) were used to test the feasibility of obtaining large cell numbers from CVS within a clinically relevant timeframe. We characterized PMSCs isolated from 6 donor placentas by flow cytometry immunophenotyping, multipotency assays, and through immunofluorescent staining. Protein secretion from PMSCs was examined using two cytokine array assays capable of probing for over 70 factors in total. Delivery vehicle compatibility of PMSCs was determined using three common scaffold systems: fibrin glue, collagen hydrogel, and biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds made from a combination of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Viral transduction of PMSCs was performed using a Luciferase-GFP-containing lentiviral vector and efficiency of transduction was tested by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis.
RESULTS: We determined that an average of 2.09 × 106 (SD ± 8.59 × 105) PMSCs could be obtained from CVS-size tissue samples within 30 d (mean = 27 d, SD ± 2.28), indicating that therapeutic numbers of cells can be rapidly expanded from very limited masses of tissue. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry demonstrated that PMSCs were positive for MSC markers CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44, and CD29, and were negative for hematopoietic and endothelial markers CD45, CD34, and CD31. PMSCs displayed trilineage differentiation capability, and were found to express developmental transcription factors Sox10 and Sox17 as well as neural-related structural proteins NFM, Nestin, and S100β. Cytokine arrays revealed a robust and extensive profile of PMSC-secreted cytokines and growth factors, and detected 34 factors with spot density values exceeding 103. Detected factors had widely diverse functions that include modulation of angiogenesis and immune response, cell chemotaxis, cell proliferation, blood vessel maturation and homeostasis, modulation of insulin-like growth factor activity, neuroprotection, extracellular matrix degradation and even blood coagulation. Importantly, PMSCs were also determined to be compatible with both biological and synthetic material-based delivery vehicles such as collagen and fibrin hydrogels, and biodegradable nanofiber scaffolds made from a combination of PLA and PLGA. Finally, we demonstrated that PMSCs can be efficiently transduced (> 95%) with a Luciferase-GFP-containing lentiviral vector for future in vivo cell tracking after transplantation.
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that PMSCs represent a unique source of cells that can be effectively utilized for in utero cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Xi G, Wai C, DeMambro V, Rosen CJ, Clemmons DR. IGFBP-2 directly stimulates osteoblast differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2427-38. [PMID: 24839202 PMCID: PMC5117190 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is important for acquisition of normal bone mass in mice; however, the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 functions is not defined. These studies investigated the role of IGFBP-2 in stimulating osteoblast differentiation. MC-3T3 preosteoblasts expressed IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-2 knockdown resulted in a substantial delay in osteoblast differentiation, reduced osteocalcin expression and Alizarin red staining. These findings were replicated in primary calvarial osteoblasts obtained from IGFBP-2(-/-) mice, and addition of IGFBP-2 rescued the differentiation program. In contrast, overexpression of IGFBP-2 accelerated the time course of differentiation as well as increasing the total number of differentiating cells. By day 6, IGFBP-2-overexpressing cells expressed twice as much osteocalcin as control cultures and this difference persisted. To determine the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 functions, the interaction between IGFBP-2 and receptor tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) was examined. Disruption of this interaction inhibited the ability of IGFBP-2 to stimulate AKT activation and osteoblast differentiation. Knockdown of RPTPβ enhanced osteoblast differentiation, whereas overexpression of RPTPβ was inhibitory. Adding back IGFBP-2 to RPTPβ-overexpressing cells was able to rescue cell differentiation via enhancement of AKT activation. To determine the region of IGFBP-2 that mediated this effect, an IGFBP-2 mutant that contained substitutions of key amino acids in the heparin-binding domain-1 (HBD-1) was prepared. This mutant had a major reduction in its ability to stimulate differentiation of calvarial osteoblasts from IGFBP-2(-/-) mice. Addition of a synthetic peptide that contained the HBD-1 sequence to calvarial osteoblasts from IGFBP-2(-/-) mice rescued differentiation and osteocalcin expression. In summary, the results clearly demonstrate that IGFBP-2 stimulates osteoblast differentiation and that this effect is mediated through its heparin-binding domain-1 interacting with RPTPβ. The results suggest that stimulation of differentiation is an important mechanism by which IGFBP-2 regulates the acquisition of normal bone mass in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xi
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Marie PJ, Haÿ E, Saidak Z. Integrin and cadherin signaling in bone: role and potential therapeutic targets. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:567-75. [PMID: 25034128 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions mediated by cell adhesion molecules are important mechanisms controlling cell fate and function. Here, we review recent advances in the implication of the cell adhesion molecules integrins and cadherins in the control of osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. We discuss emerging evidence indicating that signaling pathways mediated by integrins and cadherins and their crosstalk with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulate osteogenic differentiation and mechanotransduction. We also offer a comprehensive view of the mechanisms by which some integrins and cadherins control the differentiation of cells of the osteoblast lineage in bone marrow niches. Understanding how specific integrins or cadherins may promote osteogenic cell differentiation, bone formation, and repair may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- UMR-1132 INSERM and University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75475 cedex 10, France.
| | - Eric Haÿ
- UMR-1132 INSERM and University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75475 cedex 10, France
| | - Zuzana Saidak
- UMR-1132 INSERM and University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75475 cedex 10, France
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49
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Differentiating neurons derived from human umbilical cord blood stem cells work as a test system for developmental neurotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:791-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Granéli C, Thorfve A, Ruetschi U, Brisby H, Thomsen P, Lindahl A, Karlsson C. Novel markers of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells identified using a quantitative proteomics approach. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:153-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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