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Jiang Z, Ju Y, Ali A, Chung PED, Skowron P, Wang DY, Shrestha M, Li H, Liu JC, Vorobieva I, Ghanbari-Azarnier R, Mwewa E, Koritzinsky M, Ben-David Y, Woodgett JR, Perou CM, Dupuy A, Bader GD, Egan SE, Taylor MD, Zacksenhaus E. Distinct shared and compartment-enriched oncogenic networks drive primary versus metastatic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4313. [PMID: 37463901 PMCID: PMC10354065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast-cancer is a major cause of death in women worldwide, yet the relationship between oncogenic drivers that promote metastatic versus primary cancer is still contentious. To elucidate this relationship in treatment-naive animals, we hereby describe mammary-specific transposon-mutagenesis screens in female mice together with loss-of-function Rb, which is frequently inactivated in breast-cancer. We report gene-centric common insertion-sites (gCIS) that are enriched in primary-tumors, in metastases or shared by both compartments. Shared-gCIS comprise a major MET-RAS network, whereas metastasis-gCIS form three additional hubs: Rho-signaling, Ubiquitination and RNA-processing. Pathway analysis of four clinical cohorts with paired primary-tumors and metastases reveals similar organization in human breast-cancer with subtype-specific shared-drivers (e.g. RB1-loss, TP53-loss, high MET, RAS, ER), primary-enriched (EGFR, TGFβ and STAT3) and metastasis-enriched (RHO, PI3K) oncogenic signaling. Inhibitors of RB1-deficiency or MET plus RHO-signaling cooperate to block cell migration and drive tumor cell-death. Thus, targeting shared- and metastasis- but not primary-enriched derivers offers a rational avenue to prevent metastatic breast-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - YoungJun Ju
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amjad Ali
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Philip E D Chung
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dong-Yu Wang
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mariusz Shrestha
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huiqin Li
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jeff C Liu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ioulia Vorobieva
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronak Ghanbari-Azarnier
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ethel Mwewa
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Yaacov Ben-David
- The Key laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550014, China
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - James R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Adam Dupuy
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, suite 5R406, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Sariano PA, Mizenko RR, Shirure VS, Brandt AK, Nguyen BB, Nesiri C, Shergill BS, Brostoff T, Rocke DM, Borowsky AD, Carney RP, George SC. Convection and extracellular matrix binding control interstitial transport of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12323. [PMID: 37073802 PMCID: PMC10114097 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence a host of normal and pathophysiological processes in vivo. Compared to soluble mediators, EVs can traffic a wide range of proteins on their surface including extracellular matrix (ECM) binding proteins, and their large size (∼30-150 nm) limits diffusion. We isolated EVs from the MCF10 series-a model human cell line of breast cancer progression-and demonstrated increasing presence of laminin-binding integrins α3β1 and α6β1 on the EVs as the malignant potential of the MCF10 cells increased. Transport of the EVs within a microfluidic device under controlled physiological interstitial flow (0.15-0.75 μm/s) demonstrated that convection was the dominant mechanism of transport. Binding of the EVs to the ECM enhanced the spatial concentration and gradient, which was mitigated by blocking integrins α3β1 and α6β1. Our studies demonstrate that convection and ECM binding are the dominant mechanisms controlling EV interstitial transport and should be leveraged in nanotherapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Sariano
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Venktesh S. Shirure
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Abigail K. Brandt
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bryan B. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cem Nesiri
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Terza Brostoff
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - David M. Rocke
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis, SacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven C. George
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Ye Q, Ying Q, Dai Q, Liao C, Xiao G. Tumor-suppressing effects of miR-381-3p in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia via ROCK1 downregulation. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:43. [PMID: 36658407 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-381-3p is the newly discovered tumor-associated miRNA, which is frequently associated with diverse human malignancies; but, it is still unknown about its effect on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children. This work focused on exploring miR-381-3p's effect on childhood AML and identifying the possible mechanisms facilitating new treatment development. Using qRT-PCR analysis, miR-381-3p expression remarkably reduced in pediatric AML patients and AML cell lines (HL-60 and U937). Following transfection of miR-381-3p mimic or inhibitor into HL-60 and U937 cells, we conducted MTT assay to evaluate cell proliferation, flow cytometry (FCM) to measured cell apoptosis and cell cycle, whereas Transwell assays to detect cell invasion and migration. Our results demonstrated that miR-381-3p overexpression remarkably repressed cell growth, invasion and migration; additionally, miR-381-3p overexpression resulted in arrest of cell cycle and enhanced cell apoptosis. In contrast, miR-381-3p knockdown led to an opposite effect. Moreover, we predicted miR-381's target gene and validated it by luciferase reporter assay and TargetScan, separately. We identified miR-381-3p's binding site in ROCK1 3'-UTR. As revealed by Western-blot (WB) assay, miR-381-3p overexpression notably suppressed ROCK1 level. Moreover, restoring ROCK1 expression abolished miR-381-3p's inhibition on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Data in this work indicated the role of miR-381-3p as the tumor suppressor within pediatric AML by targeting ROCK1. Therefore, miR-381-3p might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyan Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Wang W, Yang T, Li D, Huang Y, Bai G, Li Q. LINC00491 promotes cell growth and metastasis through miR-324-5p/ROCK1 in liver cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:504. [PMID: 34876144 PMCID: PMC8650505 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LINC00491 was involved in some tumors development, but its function in liver cancer has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate LINC00491 expression and function in liver cancer progression. Methods Sixty liver cancer cases were enrolled. LINC00491, miR-324-5p and rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1) expression in liver cancer patients and cells were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. HUH-7 and SK-Hep-1 cells were transfected to modulate LINC00491, miR-324-5p and ROCK1 expression. Cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, Transwell experiment, Tunel assay and flow cytometry were performed to detected HUH-7 and SK-Hep-1 cells proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle. Biotin-RNA pull-down assay and Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay was performed to detect the binding among LINC00491, miR-324-5p and ROCK1. Xenograft tumor and lung metastasis was performed using nude mice. Xenograft tumor and lung tissues of mice were experienced immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining. Results LINC00491 was highly expressed in liver cancer cases, associating with poor prognosis. si-LINC00491 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, and induced cell cycle G1 arrest and apoptosis in HUH-7 and SK-Hep-1 cells. LINC00491 overexpression showed opposite effects. LINC00491 promoted ROCK1 expression by reducing miR-324-5p. miR-324-5p up-regulation or ROCK1 knockdown reversed LINC00491 promotion on liver SK-Hep-1 cells malignant phenotype. LINC00491 facilitated xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice. Conclusion LINC00491 was highly expressed in liver cancer patients, associating with poor prognosis. LINC00491 facilitated liver cancer progression by sponging miR-324-5p/ROCK1. LINC00491 might be a potential treatment target of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yinpeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Guang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Section 5 Heping Road, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Lu X, Ge G, Ji F, Wang J. LncRNA MORT Overexpression Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Downregulating NOTCH1. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 37:537-543. [PMID: 33493420 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MORT is silenced in many malignancies, but its role in cancer remains hardly known. Methods: The expression of MORT and NOTCH1 was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Correlation between MORT and NOTCH1 was analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis. To further investigate the interaction between MORT and NOTCH1, overexpression experiments were performed. Results: In our study, MORT expression was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while NOTCH1 expression was upregulated in HCC patients. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection and tumor size did not significantly affect MORT expression, but MORT expression was lower in metastatic HCC patients compared with nonmetastatic HCC patients. MORT and NOTCH1 were inversely correlated across HCC tissues. MORT overexpression decreased NOTCH1 expression, while NOTCH1 overexpression did not significantly affect MORT. MORT overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells, while NOTCH1 overexpression promoted the migration and invasion of HCC cells. In addition, NOTCH1 overexpression attenuated the effects of MORT overexpression on cell migration and invasion. Conclusion: Therefore, MORT overexpression may inhibit HCC by downregulating NOTCH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Lu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guohong Ge
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang City, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ji
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang City, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Zeng Y, Qin T, Flamini V, Tan C, Zhang X, Cong Y, Birkin E, Jiang WG, Yao H, Cui Y. Identification of DHX36 as a tumour suppressor through modulating the activities of the stress-associated proteins and cyclin-dependent kinases in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4211-4233. [PMID: 33414996 PMCID: PMC7783738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleic acid guanine-quadruplex structures (G4s) are involved in many aspects of cancer progression. The DEAH-box polypeptide 36 (DHX36) has been identified as a dominant nucleic acid helicase which targets and disrupts DNA and RNA G4s in an ATP-dependent manner. However, the actual role of DHX36 in breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we observed that the gene expression of DHX36 was positively associated with patient survival in breast cancer. The abundance of DHX36 is also linked with pathologic conditions and the stage of breast cancer. By using the xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that the stable knockdown of DHX36 via lentivirus in breast cancer cells significantly promoted tumour growth. We also found that, after the DHX36 knockdown (KD), the invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells was enhanced. In addition, we found a significant increase in the number of cells in the S-phase and a reduction of apoptosis with the response to cisplatin. DHX36 KD also desensitized the cytotoxic cellular response to paclitaxel and cisplatin. Transcriptomic profiling analysis by RNA sequencing indicated that DHX36 altered gene expression profile through the upstream activation of TNF, IFNγ, NFκb and TGFβ1. High throughput signalling analysis showed that one cluster of stress-associated kinase proteins including p53, ROCK1 and JNK were suppressed, while the mitotic checkpoint protein-serine kinases CDK1 and CDK2 were activated, as a consequence of the DHX36 knockdown. Our study reveals that DHX36 functions as a tumour suppressor and may be considered as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinduo Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Valentina Flamini
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Cui Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yizi Cong
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai, China
| | - Emily Birkin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuxin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Haider T, Sandha KK, Soni V, Gupta PN. Recent advances in tumor microenvironment associated therapeutic strategies and evaluation models. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tien J, Ghani U, Dance YW, Seibel AJ, Karakan MÇ, Ekinci KL, Nelson CM. Matrix Pore Size Governs Escape of Human Breast Cancer Cells from a Microtumor to an Empty Cavity. iScience 2020; 23:101673. [PMID: 33163933 PMCID: PMC7599434 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
How the extracellular matrix (ECM) affects the progression of a localized tumor to invasion of the ECM and eventually to vascular dissemination remains unclear. Although many studies have examined the role of the ECM in early stages of tumor progression, few have considered the subsequent stages that culminate in intravasation. In the current study, we have developed a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic culture system that captures the entire process of invasion from an engineered human micro-tumor of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through a type I collagen matrix and escape into a lymphatic-like cavity. By varying the physical properties of the collagen, we have found that MDA-MB-231 tumor cells invade and escape faster in lower-density ECM. These effects are mediated by the ECM pore size, rather than by the elastic modulus or interstitial flow speed. Our results underscore the importance of ECM structure in the vascular escape of human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Usman Ghani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoseph W. Dance
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alex J. Seibel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M. Çağatay Karakan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kamil L. Ekinci
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08554, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08554, USA
- Corresponding author
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A review of the influence of mammographic density on breast cancer clinical and pathological phenotype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:251-276. [PMID: 31177342 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well established that high mammographic density (MD), when adjusted for age and body mass index, is one of the strongest known risk factors for breast cancer (BC), and also associates with higher incidence of interval cancers in screening due to the masking of early mammographic abnormalities. Increasing research is being undertaken to determine the underlying histological and biochemical determinants of MD and their consequences for BC pathogenesis, anticipating that improved mechanistic insights may lead to novel preventative or treatment interventions. At the same time, technological advances in digital and contrast mammography are such that the validity of well-established relationships needs to be re-examined in this context. METHODS With attention to old versus new technologies, we conducted a literature review to summarise the relationships between clinicopathologic features of BC and the density of the surrounding breast tissue on mammography, including the associations with BC biological features inclusive of subtype, and implications for the clinical disease course encompassing relapse, progression, treatment response and survival. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There is reasonable evidence to support positive relationships between high MD (HMD) and tumour size, lymph node positivity and local relapse in the absence of radiotherapy, but not between HMD and LVI, regional relapse or distant metastasis. Conflicting data exist for associations of HMD with tumour location, grade, intrinsic subtype, receptor status, second primary incidence and survival, which need further confirmatory studies. We did not identify any relationships that did not hold up when data involving newer imaging techniques were employed in analysis.
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Ironside AJ, Jones JL. Stromal characteristics may hold the key to mammographic density: the evidence to date. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31550-62. [PMID: 26784251 PMCID: PMC5058777 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong epidemiological data indicating a role for increased mammographic density (MD) in predisposing to breast cancer, however, the biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are less well understood. Recently, studies of human breast tissues have started to characterise the features of mammographically dense breasts, and a number of in-vitro and in-vivo studies have explored the potential mechanisms through which dense breast tissue may exert this tumourigenic risk. This article aims to review both the pathological and biological evidence implicating a key role for the breast stromal compartment in MD, how this may be modified and the clinical significance of these findings. The epidemiological context will be briefly discussed but will not be covered in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Ironside
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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11
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Luo D, Chen H, Li X, Lu P, Long M, Peng X, Lin S, Tan L, Zhu Y, Ouyang N, Li H. Activation of the ROCK1/MMP-9 pathway is associated with the invasion and poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1209-1218. [PMID: 28848996 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), a serine/threonine kinase, has previously been shown to be over-expressed in various types of human malignant tumors and to play an important role in cancer development and progression. Although ROCK1 has gained growing prominence as an important protein kinase in cancer biology, its potential as a predictive biomarker and a therapeutic target in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unknown. In the present study, ROCK1 expression was examined in 356 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues using immunohistochemistry, and its clinical implications and prognostic significance were analyzed. Our results showed that ROCK1 expression was significantly increased in PTC compared with normal tissues, and was significantly associated with tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, distant organ metastasis, extrathyroid invasion, vascular invasion and tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage. Patients with strong ROCK1 expression had lower overall survival, disease-free survival, lymph node recurrence-free survival and distant recurrence-free survival rates than those with weak expression. Furthermore, overexpression of ROCK1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells was found to increase their invasiveness. Silencing ROCK1 by siRNA, however, caused an inhibition of cell invasion. Knockdown of ROCK1 decreased the volume and weight of the xenograft tumors, while overexpression of ROCK1 showed a proliferative tendency with significantly greater tumor volume and weight in vivo. Moreover, the upregulation of ROCK1 increased the expression of MMP-9, and levels of MMP-9 positively correlated with the ROCK1 levels in PTC tissues, implicating that MMP-9 may be involved in the mechanism of ROCK1 in the development and progression of PTC. These data suggest that ROCK1 might be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Luo
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Penghui Lu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Miaoyun Long
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhi Peng
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shaojian Lin
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Langping Tan
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memory Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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12
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Htwe SS, Cha BH, Yue K, Khademhosseini A, Knox AJ, Ghaemmaghami AM. Role of Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Forming Kinase Isoforms in Regulation of Stiffness-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation in Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:772-783. [PMID: 28225294 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0306oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major cause of progressive organ dysfunction in several chronic pulmonary diseases. Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase (ROCK) has been shown to be involved in myofibroblast differentiation driven by altered matrix stiffness in a fibrotic state. There are two known ROCK isoforms in humans, ROCK1 and ROCK2, but the specific role of each isoform in myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibrosis remains unknown. To study this, we developed a gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel-based culture system with different stiffness levels relevant to healthy and fibrotic lungs. We have shown that stiff matrix, but not soft matrix, can induce myofibroblast differentiation with high smooth muscle actin isoform (αSMA) expression. Furthermore, our data confirmed that the inhibition of ROCK signaling by a pharmacological inhibitor (i.e., Y27632) attenuates stiffness-induced αSMA expression and fiber assembly in myofibroblasts. To assess the role of ROCK isoforms in this process, we used short interfering RNA to knock down the expression of each isoform. Our data showed that knocking down either ROCK1 or ROCK2 did not result in a reduction in αSMA expression in myofibroblasts on stiff matrix, as opposed to soft matrix, where αSMA expression was reduced significantly. Paradoxically, on stiff matrix, the absence of one isoform (particularly ROCK2) exaggerated αSMA expression and led to thick fiber assembly. Moreover, complete loss of αSMA fiber assembly was seen only in the absence of both ROCK isoforms, suggesting that both isoforms are implicated in this process. Overall, our results indicate the differential role of ROCK isoforms in myofibroblast differentiation on soft and stiff matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su S Htwe
- 1 Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, and
| | - Byung H Cha
- 2 Biomaterials Innovation Research Centre, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kan Yue
- 2 Biomaterials Innovation Research Centre, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- 2 Biomaterials Innovation Research Centre, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alan J Knox
- 3 Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- 1 Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, and
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13
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The interplay between histone deacetylases and rho kinases is important for cancer and neurodegeneration. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:29-45. [PMID: 28606734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rho associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs) respond to defined extra- and intracellular stimuli to control cell migration, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic modifiers that regulate nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling through the deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. ROCK and HDAC functions are important compounds of basic and applied research interests. Recent evidence suggests a physiologically important interplay between HDACs and ROCKs in various cells and organisms. Here we summarize the crosstalk between these enzymatic families and its implications for cancer and neurodegeneration.
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14
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Breast cancer risk assessment: a non-invasive multiparametric approach to stratify patients by MMP-9 serum activity and RhoA expression patterns in circulating leucocytes. Amino Acids 2016; 49:273-281. [PMID: 27812894 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease classified by several sub-types which differ from each other by risk factors, specific molecular promoters and severity of outcomes. Tumour aggressiveness and metastatic disease are the key determinants of breast cancer outcomes. Tumour cell ability to degrade the extracellular matrix and to be motile is the hallmark of invasion and essential step in a development of breast cancer metastatic disease. Therefore, a coordinated action between cell motility and ability to degrade the extracellular matrix is currently under extensive investigation focused on molecular targets for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Contextually, our current study was dedicated to patient stratification utilising MMP-9 serum activity levels and RhoA expression patterns measured in circulating leucocytes. Biomarker patterns were "masked" in non-stratified patient groups. In contrast, the multiparametric stratification approach led to highly improved clinical utility of biomarker patterns. Presented stratification system is recommended for population screening as a cost-effective non-invasive approach to facilitate predictive diagnostics of breast cancer predisposition, pre-lesions and early stages, when the pathology can be effectively prevented or cured. Proposed approach might be particularly useful for early and predictive breast cancer diagnostics applied to certain phenotypes such as premenopausal rather than postmenopausal women, women with dense breast tissue, where highly increased RhoA/MMPs activities are utilised for effective proteolysis of the matrix and cancer cell migration into dense matrices, as well as for breast cancer of unclear origin such as particularly aggressive triple-negative sub-type.
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15
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Huo CW, Waltham M, Khoo C, Fox SB, Hill P, Chen S, Chew GL, Price JT, Nguyen CH, Williams ED, Henderson M, Thompson EW, Britt KL. Mammographically dense human breast tissue stimulates MCF10DCIS.com progression to invasive lesions and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:106. [PMID: 27776557 PMCID: PMC5078949 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High mammographic density (HMD) not only confers a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (BC) but also is associated with BCs of more advanced stages. However, it is unclear whether BC progression and metastasis are stimulated by HMD. We investigated whether patient-derived HMD breast tissue could stimulate the progression of MCF10DCIS.com cells compared with patient-matched low mammographic density (LMD) tissue. Methods Sterile breast specimens were obtained immediately after prophylactic mastectomy from high-risk women (n = 10). HMD and LMD regions of each specimen were resected under radiological guidance. Human MCF10DCIS.com cells, a model of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), were implanted into silicone biochambers in the groins of severe combined immunodeficiency mice, either alone or with matched LMD or HMD tissue (1:1), and maintained for 6 weeks. We assessed biochamber weight as a measure of primary tumour growth, histological grade of the biochamber material, circulating tumour cells and metastatic burden by luciferase and histology. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results HMD breast tissue led to increased primary tumour take, increased biochamber weight and increased proportions of high-grade DCIS and grade 3 invasive BCs compared with LMD. This correlated with an increased metastatic burden in the mice co-implanted with HMD tissue. Conclusions Our study is the first to explore the direct effect of HMD and LMD human breast tissue on the progression and dissemination of BC cells in vivo. The results suggest that HMD status should be a consideration in decision-making for management of patients with DCIS lesions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0767-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia W Huo
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia
| | - Mark Waltham
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia.,St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia
| | - Christine Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Prue Hill
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia
| | - Shou Chen
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia
| | - Grace L Chew
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia.,Austin Health and Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - John T Price
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC, 8001, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Chau H Nguyen
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Centre - Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Michael Henderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia.,Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia. .,St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3156, Australia. .,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Kara L Britt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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16
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Borin TF, Arbab AS, Gelaleti GB, Ferreira LC, Moschetta MG, Jardim-Perassi BV, Iskander ASM, Varma NRS, Shankar A, Coimbra VB, Fabri VA, de Oliveira JG, de Campos Zuccari DAP. Melatonin decreases breast cancer metastasis by modulating Rho-associated kinase protein-1 expression. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:3-15. [PMID: 26292662 PMCID: PMC4996347 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of metastasis, an important breast cancer prognostic factor, depends on cell migration/invasion mechanisms, which can be controlled by regulatory and effector molecules such as Rho-associated kinase protein (ROCK-1). Increased expression of this protein promotes tumor growth and metastasis, which can be restricted by ROCK-1 inhibitors. Melatonin has shown oncostatic, antimetastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects and can modulate ROCK-1 expression. Metastatic and nonmetastatic breast cancer cell lines were treated with melatonin as well as with specific ROCK-1 inhibitor (Y27632). Cell viability, cell migration/invasion, and ROCK-1 gene expression and protein expression were determined in vitro. In vivo lung metastasis study was performed using female athymic nude mice treated with either melatonin or Y27832 for 2 and 5 wk. The metastases were evaluated by X-ray computed tomography and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and by immunohistochemistry for ROCK-1 and cytokeratin proteins. Melatonin and Y27632 treatments reduced cell viability and invasion/migration of both cell lines and decreased ROCK-1 gene expression in metastatic cells and protein expression in nonmetastatic cell line. The numbers of 'hot' spots (lung metastasis) identified by SPECT images were significantly lower in treated groups. ROCK-1 protein expression also was decreased in metastatic foci of treated groups. Melatonin has shown to be effective in controlling metastatic breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, not only via inhibition of the proliferation of tumor cells but also through direct antagonism of metastatic mechanism of cells rendered by ROCK-1 inhibition. When Y27632 was used, the effects were similar to those found with melatonin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ali Syed Arbab
- Tumor angiogenesis laboratory, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho – IBILCE/UNESP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carvalho Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho – IBILCE/UNESP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - ASM Iskander
- Tumor angiogenesis laboratory, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nadimpalli Ravi S. Varma
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adarsh Shankar
- Tumor angiogenesis laboratory, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Verena Benedick Coimbra
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Alves Fabri
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer – LIMC, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto – FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho – IBILCE/UNESP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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17
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Bottino J, Gelaleti GB, Maschio LB, Jardim-Perassi BV, de Campos Zuccari DAP. Immunoexpression of ROCK-1 and MMP-9 as prognostic markers in breast cancer. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1367-73. [PMID: 25218053 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women and it has high mortality mainly due to the occurrence of tumor metastasis. Both the processes of cell migration and anchorage to the substrate are essential for the development of metastasis. These processes occur by rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, regulated by Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK-1). The degradation of the extracellular matrix, influenced by metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) also exerts greater cell invasiveness. The present study evaluated the ROCK-1 and MMP-9 proteins using an immunohistochemical method through the selection of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. The protein expression was correlated to clinicopathological parameters and overall survival of the patients. High expression of the ROCK-1 protein was correlated statistically to the status of lymph nodes (p=0.007) and showed variable expression in different clinical stages of the tumor. MMP-9 showed a strong immunostaining in patients with metastasis that had died, whereas there was no marker in normal breast tissues. In addition, 46.6% of patients classified as poor prognosis showed high expression of ROCK-1 and MMP-9 protein and another 40.0% just showed high expression of MMP-9. Thus, the differential expression of ROCK-1 and MMP-9 proteins suggests their potential use as prognostic markers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Bottino
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15090-000, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Program of Post-Graduate in Genetics, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15090-000, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Program of Post-Graduate in Genetics, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15090-000, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Program of Post-Graduate in Genetics, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15090-000, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Program of Post-Graduate in Genetics, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.
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18
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Knockdown of Rho-associated protein kinase 1 suppresses proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:421-8. [PMID: 25266804 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), a serine/threonine protein kinase, affects cell invasion and migration by changing the status of the cytoskeleton. In recent years, ROCK1 was found to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors. However, the information of ROCK1 in glioma still remains elusive. In our study, the expression of ROCK1 in glioma tissues was examined by real-time PCR and the relationship between ROCK1 expression and clinical characteristics of patients with glioma was also analyzed. With the inhibition of ROCK1 expression by RNAi, the effects of ROCK1 on biological behaviors of glioma cells including cell viability, cell cycle, and cell invasion were probed in the U251 cell line by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometer analysis, and Transwell invasion experiment. In addition, the effects of ROCK1 on the regulation of Ki67, cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9), and E-cadherin were also investigated. The results indicated that ROCK1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was increased significantly compared to that in the adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05) and the expression level of ROCK1 mRNA in high-grade malignant glioma tissue was significantly higher than that in low-grade malignant glioma tissue (P < 0.05). MTT assay and flow cytometer analysis revealed that the cell viability and cell proliferation in the ROCK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection group were markedly lower than those in the blank or negative control group (P < 0.05), and no obvious differences were found between the blank group and negative control group. The Transwell invasion experiments showed that the invasive ability of U251 cells in the ROCK1 siRNA transfection group was obviously lower than that in the blank or negative control group (P < 0.05), and there were no visible differences between the blank group and negative control group. Western blot demonstrated that the protein levels of Ki67, cyclin D1, and MMP9 in the ROCK1 siRNA transfection group were distinctly lower than those in the blank or negative control group (P < 0.05) and that the protein level of E-cadherin displayed an opposite variation (P < 0.05). In summary, the expressions of ROCK1 in glioma tissue were visibly upregulated and the increase of ROCK1 had a positive correlation with the malignant grade of glioma. The results implied that the proliferation and metastasis of the glioma cell could be inhibited by suppressing the expression of ROCK1, and our findings would provide a new target for intervention and treatment of glioma.
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19
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Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Werten MW, de Wolf FA, van den Beucken JJ, Leeuwenburgh SC, Kamperman M, Cohen Stuart MA. Genetically engineered silk-collagen-like copolymer for biomedical applications: production, characterization and evaluation of cellular response. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3620-9. [PMID: 24814883 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered protein polymers (GEPP) are a class of multifunctional materials with precisely controlled molecular structure and property profile. Representing a promising alternative for currently used materials in biomedical applications, GEPP offer multiple benefits over natural and chemically synthesized polymers. However, producing them in sufficient quantities for preclinical research remains challenging. Here, we present results from an in vitro cellular response study of a recombinant protein polymer that is soluble at low pH but self-organizes into supramolecular fibers and physical hydrogels at neutral pH. It has a triblock structure denoted as C2S(H)48C2, which consists of hydrophilic collagen-inspired and histidine-rich silk-inspired blocks. The protein was successfully produced by the yeast Pichia pastoris in laboratory-scale bioreactors, and it was purified by selective precipitation. This efficient and inexpensive production method provided material of sufficient quantities, purity and sterility for cell culture study. Rheology and erosion studies showed that it forms hydrogels exhibiting long-term stability, self-healing behavior and tunable mechanical properties. Primary rat bone marrow cells cultured in direct contact with these hydrogels remained fully viable; however, proliferation and mineralization were relatively low compared to collagen hydrogel controls, probably because of the absence of cell-adhesive motifs. As biofunctional factors can be readily incorporated to improve material performance, our approach provides a promising route towards biomedical applications.
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20
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Huo CW, Chew GL, Britt KL, Ingman WV, Henderson MA, Hopper JL, Thompson EW. Mammographic density-a review on the current understanding of its association with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:479-502. [PMID: 24615497 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable recent interest in the genetic, biological and epidemiological basis of mammographic density (MD), and the search for causative links between MD and breast cancer (BC) risk. This report will critically review the current literature on MD and summarize the current evidence for its association with BC. Keywords 'mammographic dens*', 'dense mammary tissue' or 'percent dens*' were used to search the existing literature in English on PubMed and Medline. All reports were critically analyzed. The data were assigned to one of the following aspects of MD: general association with BC, its relationship with the breast hormonal milieu, the cellular basis of MD, the generic variations of MD, and its significance in the clinical setting. MD adjusted for age, and BMI is associated with increased risk of BC diagnosis, advanced tumour stage at diagnosis and increased risk of both local recurrence and second primary cancers. The MD measures that predict BC risk have high heritability, and to date several genetic markers associated with BC risk have been found to also be associated with these MD risk predictors. Change in MD could be a predictor of the extent of chemoprevention with tamoxifen. Although the biological and genetic pathways that determine and perhaps modulate MD remain largely unresolved, significant inroads are being made into the understanding of MD, which may lead to benefits in clinical screening, assessment and treatment strategies. This review provides a timely update on the current understanding of MD's association with BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Huo
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,
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21
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Bordeleau F, Alcoser TA, Reinhart-King CA. Physical biology in cancer. 5. The rocky road of metastasis: the role of cytoskeletal mechanics in cell migratory response to 3D matrix topography. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C110-20. [PMID: 24196535 PMCID: PMC3919983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00283.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a milieu of heterogeneous architectural features that affect tumor growth and metastatic invasion. Pore size, density, stiffness, and fiber architecture change dramatically from location to location throughout the tumor matrix. While many studies have addressed the effects of two-dimensional extracellular matrix structure and composition on cell migration, less is known about how cancer cells navigate complex, heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments. Mechanical structures such as actin and keratin, part of the cytoskeletal framework, and lamins, part of the nucleoskeletal framework, play a key role in migration and are altered during cancer progression. Recent evidence suggests that these changes in cytoskeletal and nucleoskeletal structures may enable cancer cells to efficiently respond to features such as pore size and stiffness to invade and migrate. Here we discuss the role of cell mechanics and the cytoskeleton in the ability of cells to navigate and respond to 3D matrix features and heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Bordeleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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22
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Castro DJ, Maurer J, Hebbard L, Oshima RG. ROCK1 inhibition promotes the self-renewal of a novel mouse mammary cancer stem cell. Stem Cells 2013; 31:12-22. [PMID: 22961723 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of stem-like tumor cells may contribute to the cellular heterogeneity of breast cancers. We report the propagation of highly enriched mouse mammary cancer stem cells that retain the potential to differentiate both in vivo and in culture and their use to identify chemical compounds that influence both self-renewal and differentiation. We identify epithelial tumor-initiating cells (ETICs) that express lineage markers of both basal and luminal mammary cell lineages and retain the potential, from even single cells, to generate heterogeneous tumors similar to the tumor of origin. ETICs can progress through a Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 dependent, epithelial to mesenchymal transition to generate mesenchymal tumor-initiating cells capable of initiating tumors of limited heterogeneity. The propagation of ETICs may allow for the identification of new therapeutic compounds that may inhibit or prevent progression of some types of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Castro
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Abstract
Cancer-associated changes in cellular behavior, such as modified cell-cell contact, increased migratory potential, and generation of cellular force, all require alteration of the cytoskeleton. Two homologous mammalian serine/threonine kinases, Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK I and II), are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton acting downstream of the small GTPase Rho. ROCK is associated with cancer progression, and ROCK protein expression is elevated in several types of cancer. ROCKs exist in a closed, inactive conformation under quiescent conditions, which is changed to an open, active conformation by the direct binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)–loaded Rho. In recent years, a number of ROCK isoform-specific binding partners have been found to modulate the kinase activity through direct interactions with the catalytic domain or via altered cellular localization of the kinases. Thus, these findings demonstrate additional modes to regulate ROCK activity. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of ROCK activity regulation in cancer, with emphasis on ROCK isoform-specific regulation and interaction partners, and discusses the potential of ROCKs as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morgan-Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Raviraj V, Zhang H, Chien HY, Cole L, Thompson EW, Soon L. Dormant but migratory tumour cells in desmoplastic stroma of invasive ductal carcinomas. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:273-92. [PMID: 22271313 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mortality in breast cancer is linked to metastasis and recurrence yet there is no acceptable biological model for cancer relapse. We hypothesise that there might exist primary tumour cells capable of escaping surgery by migration and resisting radiotherapy and chemotherapy to cause cancer recurrence. We investigated this possibility in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue and observed the presence of solitary primary tumour cells (SPCs) in the dense collagen stroma that encapsulates intratumoural cells (ICs). In IDC tissue sections, collagen was detected with either Masson's Trichrome or by second harmonics imaging. Cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) and vimentin (VIM) antibodies were, respectively, used to identify epithelial-derived tumour cells and to indicate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Confocal/multiphoton microscopy showed that ICs from acini were mainly CK-19(+ve) and were encapsulated by dense stromal collagen. Within the stroma, SPCs were detected by their staining for both CK-19 and VIM (confirming EMT). ICs and SPCs were subsequently isolated by laser capture microdissection followed by multiplex tandem-PCR studies. SPCs were found to be enriched for pro-migratory and anti-proliferative genes relative to ICs. In vitro experiments using collagen matrices at 20 mg/cm(3), similar in density to tumour matrices, demonstrated that SPC-like cells were highly migratory but dormant, phenotypes that recapitulated the genotypes of SPCs in clinical tissue. These data suggest that SPCs located at the breast cancer perimeter are invasive and dormant such that they may exceed surgical margins and resist local and adjuvant therapies. This study has important connotations for a role of SPCs in local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanisri Raviraj
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM), AMMRF, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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