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Wu X, Wu Z, Xie Z, Huang H, Wang Y, Lv K, Yang H, Liu X. The role of EMG1 in lung adenocarcinoma progression: Implications for prognosis and immune cell infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112553. [PMID: 38943975 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common and aggressive cancer with a high incidence. N1-specific pseudouridine methyltransferase (EMG1), a highly conserved nucleolus protein, plays an important role in the biological development of ribosomes. However, the role of EMG1 in the progression of LUAD is still unclear. METHODS The expression of EMG1 in LUAD cells, and LUAD tissues, and adjacent noncancerous tissues was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. The roles of EMG1 in LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity were explored in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis to underlying molecular mechanism of EMG1 regulating the biological function of LUAD. EMG1 expression and its impact on tumor prognosis were analyzed using a range of databases including GEPIA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. RESULTS EMG1 expression was elevated in LUAD patients compared to normal tissues, and EMG1 expression was strongly correlated with prognosis in LUAD patients. EMG1 expression correlated with age, gender, N stage, T stage, and pathologic stage. EMG1 expression was strongly positively correlated with MRPL51, PHB2, SNRPG, ATP5MD, and TPI1, and strongly negatively correlated with MACF1, DOCK9, RAPGEF2, SYNJ1, and KIDINS220, the major enrichment pathways for EMG1 and related genes include Cell cycle, DNA Replication and Pathways in cancer signaling pathways. EMG1 expression level was significantly increased in LUAD cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of EMG1 could inhibit LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity. Besides, EMG1 overexpression could promote LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. High expression of EMG1 predicts poor prognosis in LUAD patients, and EMG1 may play an oncogenic role in the tumor microenvironment by participating in the infiltration of LUAD immune cells. CONCLUSIONS EMG1 regulated various functions in LUAD by directly mediating Akt/mTOR/p70s6k signaling pathways activation. The results suggest that EMG1 may be a novel biomarker for assessing prognosis and immune cell infiltration in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Zehang Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaocen Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine of Anhui Province, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
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2
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Veraguas-Dávila D, Zapata-Rojas C, Aguilera C, Saéz-Ruiz D, Saravia F, Castro FO, Rodriguez-Alvarez L. Proteomic Analysis of Domestic Cat Blastocysts and Their Secretome Produced in an In Vitro Culture System without the Presence of the Zona Pellucida. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4343. [PMID: 38673927 PMCID: PMC11050229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida exhibit reduced implantation capacity. However, the protein expression profile has not been evaluated in these embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein expression profile of domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida. Two experimental groups were generated: (1) domestic cat embryos generated by IVF and cultured in vitro (zona intact, (ZI)) and (2) domestic cat embryos cultured in vitro without the zona pellucida (zona-free (ZF group)). The cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates were estimated at days 2, 5 and 7, respectively. Day 7 blastocysts and their culture media were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The UniProt Felis catus database was used to identify the standard proteome. No significant differences were found in the cleavage, morula, or blastocyst rates between the ZI and ZF groups (p > 0.05). Proteomic analysis revealed 22 upregulated and 20 downregulated proteins in the ZF blastocysts. Furthermore, 14 proteins involved in embryo development and implantation were present exclusively in the culture medium of the ZI blastocysts. In conclusion, embryo culture without the zona pellucida did not affect in vitro development, but altered the protein expression profile and release of domestic cat blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veraguas-Dávila
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Km 6 Los Niches, Curicó 3340000, Chile
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Camila Zapata-Rojas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Constanza Aguilera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Sciences, San Sebastián University, Concepción 4081339, Chile;
| | - Darling Saéz-Ruiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
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3
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Wu X, Simard LR, Ding H. Generation of Conditional Knockout Alleles for PRUNE-1. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040524. [PMID: 36831191 PMCID: PMC9954577 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PRUNE1 is a member of the aspartic acid-histidine-histidine (DHH) protein superfamily, which could display an exopolyphosphatase activity and interact with multiple cellular proteins involved in the cytoskeletal rearrangement. It is widely expressed during embryonic development and is essential for embryogenesis. PRUNE1 could also be critical for postnatal development of the nervous system as it was found to be mutated in patients with microcephaly, brain malformations, and neurodegeneration. To determine the cellular function of PRUNE1 during development and in disease, we have generated conditional mouse alleles of the Prune1 in which loxP sites flank exon 6. Crossing these alleles with a ubiquitous Cre transgenic line resulted in a complete loss of PRUNE1 expression and embryonic defects identical to those previously described for Prune1 null embryos. In addition, breeding these alleles with a Purkinje cell-specific Cre line (Pcp2-Cre) resulted in the loss of Purkinje cells similar to that observed in patients carrying a mutation with loss of PRUNE1 function. Therefore, the Prune1 conditional mouse alleles generated in this study provide important genetic tools not only for dissecting the spatial and temporal roles of PRUNE1 during development but also for understanding the pathogenic role of PRUNE1 dysfunction in neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease. In addition, from this work, we have described an approach that allows one to efficiently generate conditional mouse alleles based on mouse zygote electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Louise R. Simard
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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The role of post-transcriptional modifications during development. Biol Futur 2022:10.1007/s42977-022-00142-3. [PMID: 36481986 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile the existence of post-transcriptional modifications of RNA nucleotides has been known for decades, in most RNA species the exact positions of these modifications and their physiological function have been elusive until recently. Technological advances, such as high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods and nanopore-based mapping technologies, have made it possible to map the position of these modifications with single nucleotide accuracy, and genetic screens have uncovered the “writer”, “reader” and “eraser” proteins that help to install, interpret and remove such modifications, respectively. These discoveries led to intensive research programmes with the aim of uncovering the roles of these modifications during diverse biological processes. In this review, we assess novel discoveries related to the role of post-transcriptional modifications during animal development, highlighting how these discoveries can affect multiple aspects of development from fertilization to differentiation in many species.
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Integrative Proteomics and Transcriptomics Profiles of the Oviduct Reveal the Prolificacy-Related Candidate Biomarkers of Goats ( Capra hircus) in Estrous Periods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314888. [PMID: 36499219 PMCID: PMC9737051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oviduct is a dynamic reproductive organ for mammalian reproduction and is required for gamete storage, maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development, and it directly affects fecundity. However, the molecular regulation of prolificacy occurring in estrous periods remain poorly understood. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the genes involved in regulating goat fecundity in the proteome and transcriptome levels of the oviducts. Twenty female Yunshang black goats (between 2 and 3 years old, weight 52.22 ± 0.43 kg) were divided into high- and low-fecundity groups in the follicular (FH and FL, five individuals per group) and luteal (LH and LL, five individuals per group) phases, respectively. The DIA-based high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) method was used to quantify proteins in twenty oviducts. A total of 5409 proteins were quantified, and Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) determined that the tan module was highly associated with the high-fecundity trait in the luteal phase, and identified NUP107, ANXA11, COX2, AKP13, and ITF140 as hub proteins. Subsequently, 98 and 167 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in the FH vs. FL and LH vs. LL comparison groups, respectively. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was used to validate the results of the proteomics data, and the hub proteins were analyzed with Western blot (WB). In addition, biological adhesion and transporter activity processes were associated with oviductal function, and several proteins that play roles in oviductal communication with gametes or embryos were identified, including CAMSAP3, ITGAM, SYVN1, EMG1, ND5, RING1, CBS, PES1, ELP3, SEC24C, SPP1, and HSPA8. Correlation analysis of proteomics and transcriptomic revealed that the DAPs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are commonly involved in the metabolic processes at the follicular phase; they may prepare the oviductal microenvironment for gamete reception; and the MAP kinase activity, estrogen receptor binding, and angiotensin receptor binding terms were enriched in the luteal phase, which may be actively involved in reproductive processes. By generating the proteome data of the oviduct at two critical phases and integrating transcriptome analysis, we uncovered novel aspects of oviductal gene regulation of fecundity and provided a reference for other mammals.
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Kushawah G, Hernandez-Huertas L, Abugattas-Nuñez del Prado J, Martinez-Morales JR, DeVore ML, Hassan H, Moreno-Sanchez I, Tomas-Gallardo L, Diaz-Moscoso A, Monges DE, Guelfo JR, Theune WC, Brannan EO, Wang W, Corbin TJ, Moran AM, Sánchez Alvarado A, Málaga-Trillo E, Takacs CM, Bazzini AA, Moreno-Mateos MA. CRISPR-Cas13d Induces Efficient mRNA Knockdown in Animal Embryos. Dev Cell 2020; 54:805-817.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Schall PZ, Ruebel ML, Midic U, VandeVoort CA, Latham KE. Temporal patterns of gene regulation and upstream regulators contributing to major developmental transitions during Rhesus macaque preimplantation development. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:111-123. [PMID: 30698740 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The preimplantation period of life in mammals encompasses a tremendous amount of restructuring and remodeling of the embryonic genome and reprogramming of gene expression. These vast changes support metabolic activation and cellular processes that drive early cleavage divisions and enable the creation of the earliest primitive cell lineages. A major question in mammalian embryology is how such vast, sweeping changes in gene expression are orchestrated, so that changes in gene expression are exactly appropriate to meet the developmental needs of the embryo over time. Using the rhesus macaque as an experimentally tractable model species closely related to the human, we combined high quality RNA-seq libraries, in-depth sequencing and advanced systems analysis to discover the underlying mechanisms that drive major changes in gene regulation during preimplantation development. We identified the major changes in mRNA population and the biological pathways and processes impacted by those changes. Most importantly, we identified 24 key upstream regulators that are themselves modulated during development and that are associated with the regulation of over 1000 downstream genes. Through their roles in extensive gene networks, these 24 upstream regulators are situated to either drive major changes in target gene expression or modify the cellular environment in which other genes function, thereby directing major developmental transitions in the preimplantation embryo. The data presented here highlight some of the specific molecular features that likely drive preimplantation development in a nonhuman primate species and provides an extensive database for novel hypothesis-driven studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Z Schall
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Uros Midic
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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8
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Ji MM, Liu AQ, Sima YH, Xu SQ. 20-Hydroxyecdysone stimulates nuclear accumulation of BmNep1, a nuclear ribosome biogenesis-related protein in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:617-628. [PMID: 27329527 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of communication between endocrine hormones and ribosome biogenesis critical for physiological adaptation is largely unknown. Nucleolar essential protein 1 (Nep1) is an essential gene for ribosome biogenesis and is functionally conserved in many in vertebrate and invertebrate species. In this study, we cloned Bombyx mori Nep1 (BmNep1) due to its high expression in silk glands of silkworms on day 3 of the fifth instar. We found that BmNep1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in silk glands during fourth-instar ecdysis and larval-pupal metamorphosis. By immunoprecipitation with the anti-BmNep1 antibody and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses, it was shown that BmNep1 probably interacts with proteins related to ribosome structure formation. Immunohistochemistry, biochemical fractionation and immunocytochemistry revealed that BmNep1 is localized to the nuclei in Bombyx cells. Using BmN cells originally derived from ovaries, we demonstrated that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) induced BmNep1 expression and stimulated nuclear accumulation of BmNep1. Under physiological conditions, BmNep1 was also upregulated in ovaries during larval-pupal metamorphosis. Overall, our results indicate that the endocrine hormone 20E facilitates nuclear accumulation of BmNep1, which is involved in nuclear ribosome biogenesis in Bombyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-M Ji
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - A-Q Liu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y-H Sima
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - S-Q Xu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NESER), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Hashimoto M, Sato T, Muroyama Y, Fujimura L, Hatano M, Saito T. Nepro is localized in the nucleolus and essential for preimplantation development in mice. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:529-38. [PMID: 26178919 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We generated knockout (KO) mice of Nepro, which has been shown to be necessary to maintain neural progenitor cells downstream of Notch in the mouse developing neocortex by using knockdown experiments, to explore its function in embryogenesis. Nepro KO embryos were morphologically indistinguishable from wild type (WT) embryos until the morula stage but failed in blastocyst formation, and many cells of the KO embryos resulted in apoptosis. We found that Nepro was localized in the nucleolus at the blastocyst stage. The number of nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs) and nucleoli per nucleus was significantly higher in Nepro KO embryos compared with WT embryos later than the 2-cell stage. Furthermore, at the morula stage, whereas 18S rRNA and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), which are components of the ribosome, were distributed to the cytoplasm in WT embryos, they were mainly localized in the nucleoli in Nepro KO embryos. In addition, in Nepro KO embryos, the amount of the mitochondria-associated p53 protein increased, and Cytochrome c was distributed in the cytoplasm. These findings indicate that Nepro is a nucleolus-associated protein, and its loss leads to the apoptosis before blastocyst formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hashimoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuko Muroyama
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lisa Fujimura
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hatano
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Saito
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Yelick PC, Trainor PA. Ribosomopathies: Global process, tissue specific defects. Rare Dis 2015; 3:e1025185. [PMID: 26442198 PMCID: PMC4590025 DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2015.1025185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in ribosomal biogenesis would be expected to have global and in fact lethal effects on a developing organism. However, mutations in ribosomal protein genes have been shown in to exhibit tissue specific defects. This seemingly contradictory finding - that globally expressed genes thought to play fundamental housekeeping functions can in fact exhibit tissue and cell type specific functions - provides new insight into roles for ribosomes, the protein translational machinery of the cell, in regulating normal development and disease. Furthermore it illustrates the surprisingly dynamic nature of processes regulating cell type specific protein translation. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of a variety of ribosomal protein mutations associated with human disease, and models to better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with each. We use specific examples to emphasize both the similarities and differences between the effects of various human ribosomal protein mutations. Finally, we discuss areas of future study that are needed to further our understanding of the role of ribosome biogenesis in normal development, and possible approaches that can be used to treat debilitating ribosomopathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute ; Kansas City, MO USA ; University of Kansas Medical Center ; Kansas City, KS USA
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Armistead J, Patel N, Wu X, Hemming R, Chowdhury B, Basra GS, Del Bigio MR, Ding H, Triggs-Raine B. Growth arrest in the ribosomopathy, Bowen-Conradi syndrome, is due to dramatically reduced cell proliferation and a defect in mitotic progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1029-37. [PMID: 25708872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bowen-Conradi syndrome (BCS) is a ribosomopathy characterized by severe developmental delay and growth failure that typically leads to death by one year of age. It is caused by a c.257A>G, p.D86G substitution in the ribosomal biogenesis protein, Essential for Mitotic Growth 1 (EMG1). We generated a knock-in of the D86G substitution in mice to characterize the effects of EMG1 deficiency, particularly in the brain, where EMG1 expression is high. Embryos homozygous for the mutation in Emg1 were small for gestational age with neural tube defects, and died between embryonic days 8.5 and 12.5. These embryos exhibited dramatically reduced cell proliferation, which we also detected in autopsy brain tissue and bone marrow of BCS patients, consistent with a requirement for high levels of EMG1 in tissues with rapid cell proliferation. In fibroblasts derived from the BCS mouse embryos, we detected a high proportion of binucleated cells, indicating that a mitotic defect underlies the growth arrest in BCS. These studies add to growing evidence of a link between ribosome biogenesis, mitotic progression, and brain development that is currently unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Armistead
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nehal Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Richard Hemming
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Gagandeep Singh Basra
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Abstract
A rare disease is defined as a condition that affects less than 1 in 2000 individuals. Currently more than 7000 rare diseases have been documented, and most are thought to be of genetic origin. Rare diseases primarily affect children, and congenital craniofacial syndromes and disorders constitute a significant proportion of rare diseases, with over 700 having been described to date. Modeling craniofacial disorders in animal models has been instrumental in uncovering the etiology and pathogenesis of numerous conditions and in some cases has even led to potential therapeutic avenues for their prevention. In this chapter, we focus primarily on two general classes of rare disorders, ribosomopathies and ciliopathies, and the surprising finding that the disruption of fundamental, global processes can result in tissue-specific craniofacial defects. In addition, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of an extremely rare and specific craniofacial condition known as syngnathia, based on the first mouse models for this condition. Approximately 1% of all babies are born with a minor or major developmental anomaly, and individuals suffering from rare diseases deserve the same quality of treatment and care and attention to their disease as other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annita Achilleos
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Sondalle SB, Baserga SJ. Human diseases of the SSU processome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:758-64. [PMID: 24240090 PMCID: PMC4058823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are the cellular machines responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosome biogenesis, the production of ribosomes, is a complex process involving pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) cleavages and modifications as well as ribosomal protein assembly around the rRNAs to create the functional ribosome. The small subunit (SSU) processome is a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) in eukaryotes required for the assembly of the SSU of the ribosome as well as for the maturation of the 18S rRNA. Despite the fundamental nature of the SSU processome to the survival of any eukaryotic cell, mutations in SSU processome components have been implicated in human diseases. Three SSU processome components and their related human diseases will be explored in this review: hUTP4/Cirhin, implicated in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (NAIC); UTP14, implicated in infertility, ovarian cancer, and scleroderma; and EMG1, implicated in Bowen-Conradi syndrome (BCS). Diseases with suggestive, though inconclusive, evidence for the involvement of the SSU processome in their pathogenesis are also discussed, including a novel putative ribosomopathy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Role of the Nucleolus in Human Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Sondalle
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Susan J Baserga
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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14
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Armistead J, Hemming R, Patel N, Triggs-Raine B. Mutation of EMG1 causing Bowen-Conradi syndrome results in reduced cell proliferation rates concomitant with G2/M arrest and 18S rRNA processing delay. BBA CLINICAL 2014; 1:33-43. [PMID: 26676230 PMCID: PMC4633970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bowen–Conradi syndrome (BCS) is a lethal autosomal recessive disorder caused by a D86G substitution in the protein, Essential for Mitotic Growth 1 (EMG1). EMG1 is essential for 18S rRNA maturation and 40S ribosome biogenesis in yeast, but no studies of its role in ribosome biogenesis have been done in mammals. To assess the effect of the EMG1 mutation on cell growth and ribosomal biogenesis in humans, we employed BCS patient cells. The D86G substitution did not interfere with EMG1 nucleolar localization. In BCS patient lymphoblasts, cells accumulated in G2/M, resulting in reduced proliferation rates; however, patient fibroblasts showed normal proliferation. The rate of 18S rRNA processing was consistently delayed in patient cells, although this did not lead to a difference in the levels of 40S ribosomes, or a change in protein synthesis rates. These results demonstrate that as in yeast, EMG1 in mammals has a role in ribosome biogenesis. The obvious phenotype in lymphoblasts compared to fibroblasts suggests a greater need for EMG1 in rapidly dividing cells. Tissue-specific effects have been seen in other ribosomal biogenesis disorders, and it seems likely that the impact of EMG1 deficiency would be larger in the rapidly proliferating cells of the developing embryo. EMG1 in healthy and BCS cells co-localizes with ribosome biogenesis factors. Cell proliferation rate is reduced in BCS cells. BCS cells accumulate at G2/M. 18S rRNA biogenesis is delayed in BCS cells. We confirm that BCS is a ribosomopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Armistead
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Hemming
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nehal Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Armistead J, Triggs-Raine B. Diverse diseases from a ubiquitous process: the ribosomopathy paradox. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1491-500. [PMID: 24657617 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Collectively, the ribosomopathies are caused by defects in ribosome biogenesis. Although these disorders encompass deficiencies in a ubiquitous and fundamental process, the clinical manifestations are extremely variable and typically display tissue specificity. Research into this paradox has offered fascinating new insights into the role of the ribosome in the regulation of mRNA translation, cell cycle control, and signaling pathways involving TP53, MYC and mTOR. Several common features of ribosomopathies such as small stature, cancer predisposition, and hematological defects, point to how these diverse diseases may be related at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Armistead
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, The University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, The University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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16
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Vogt EJ, Meglicki M, Hartung KI, Borsuk E, Behr R. Importance of the pluripotency factor LIN28 in the mammalian nucleolus during early embryonic development. Development 2013; 139:4514-23. [PMID: 23172912 PMCID: PMC3912245 DOI: 10.1242/dev.083279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The maternal nucleolus is required for proper activation of the embryonic genome (EGA) and early embryonic development. Nucleologenesis is characterized by the transformation of a nucleolar precursor body (NPB) to a mature nucleolus during preimplantation development. However, the function of NPBs and the involved molecular factors are unknown. We uncover a novel role for the pluripotency factor LIN28, the biological significance of which was previously demonstrated in the reprogramming of human somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Here, we show that LIN28 accumulates at the NPB and the mature nucleolus in mouse preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), where it colocalizes with the nucleolar marker B23 (nucleophosmin 1). LIN28 has nucleolar localization in non-human primate (NHP) preimplantation embryos, but is cytoplasmic in NHP ESCs. Lin28 transcripts show a striking decline before mouse EGA, whereas LIN28 protein localizes to NPBs at the time of EGA. Following knockdown with a Lin28 morpholino, the majority of embryos arrest between the 2- and 4-cell stages and never develop to morula or blastocyst. Lin28 morpholino-injected embryos arrested at the 2-cell stage were not enriched with nucleophosmin at presumptive NPB sites, indicating that functional NPBs were not assembled. Based on these results, we propose that LIN28 is an essential factor of nucleologenesis during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar J Vogt
- German Primate Center, Stem Cell Biology Unit, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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Millan MJ. An epigenetic framework for neurodevelopmental disorders: from pathogenesis to potential therapy. Neuropharmacology 2012; 68:2-82. [PMID: 23246909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by aberrant and delayed early-life development of the brain, leading to deficits in language, cognition, motor behaviour and other functional domains, often accompanied by somatic symptoms. Environmental factors like perinatal infection, malnutrition and trauma can increase the risk of the heterogeneous, multifactorial and polygenic disorders, autism and schizophrenia. Conversely, discrete genetic anomalies are involved in Down, Rett and Fragile X syndromes, tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis, the less familiar Phelan-McDermid, Sotos, Kleefstra, Coffin-Lowry and "ATRX" syndromes, and the disorders of imprinting, Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. NDDs have been termed "synaptopathies" in reference to structural and functional disturbance of synaptic plasticity, several involve abnormal Ras-Kinase signalling ("rasopathies"), and many are characterized by disrupted cerebral connectivity and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission. However, at a different level of integration, NDDs are accompanied by aberrant "epigenetic" regulation of processes critical for normal and orderly development of the brain. Epigenetics refers to potentially-heritable (by mitosis and/or meiosis) mechanisms controlling gene expression without changes in DNA sequence. In certain NDDs, prototypical epigenetic processes of DNA methylation and covalent histone marking are impacted. Conversely, others involve anomalies in chromatin-modelling, mRNA splicing/editing, mRNA translation, ribosome biogenesis and/or the regulatory actions of small nucleolar RNAs and micro-RNAs. Since epigenetic mechanisms are modifiable, this raises the hope of novel therapy, though questions remain concerning efficacy and safety. The above issues are critically surveyed in this review, which advocates a broad-based epigenetic framework for understanding and ultimately treating a diverse assemblage of NDDs ("epigenopathies") lying at the interface of genetic, developmental and environmental processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Unit for Research and Discovery in Neuroscience, IDR Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, Paris, France.
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18
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Genetic interactions of yeast NEP1 (EMG1), encoding an essential factor in ribosome biogenesis. Yeast 2012; 29:167-83. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Abstract
Impaired ribosome biogenesis is the underlying cause of the pathological conditions collectively known as ribosomopathies. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain the mechanisms by which deficiencies in ribosome biogenesis interfere with developmental processes leading eventually to the emergence of these diseases. In recent years it has become clear that perturbation of this process triggers a cell-cycle checkpoint that, through activation of the tumor-suppressor p53, leads to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Indeed, evidence is accumulating from studies in animal models that the unscheduled activation of p53 is responsible for perturbations in tissue homeostasis that cause the development of ribosomopathies such as Treacher-Collins syndrome (TCS) and 5q(-) syndrome. These findings imply that inhibition of p53, or better, of mechanisms that specifically lead to p53 activation in response to inhibition of ribosome biogenesis, could be targeted in the treatment of ribosomopathies where activation of p53 is shown to play a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fumagalli
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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