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Alarie Y, Michat MC, Bergsten J, Hjek JI. Morphology of the larvae of Rhantaticus congestus (Klug, 1833) and phylogenetic comparison with other known Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae). Zootaxa 2023; 5380:247-264. [PMID: 38221313 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe the second- and third instar larvae of the diving beetle Rhantaticus congestus (Klug, 1833), including detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, terminal abdominal segment and urogomphi in order to discover useful characters for distinguishing Rhantaticus Sharp, 1882 larvae from those of other known Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae). A parsimony analysis based on 94 larval characteristics of nine Aciliini species in five genera (Acilius Leach, 1817, Graphoderus Dejean, 1833, Rhantaticus, Sandracottus Sharp, 1882, Thermonectus Dejean, 1833) was conducted using the program TNT. Rhantaticus shares with all these genera several larval character states which support its inclusion in the Aciliini. Whereas Rhantaticus larva stands out from other known genera by several unique character states, our parsimony analysis did not recover any clear phylogenetic position of this genus within the Aciliini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Alarie
- School of Natural Sciences; Laurentian University; Ramsey Lake Road; Sudbury; Ontario; Canada.
| | - Mariano C Michat
- University of Buenos Aires; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences; Department of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology (IBBEA); Buenos Aires; Argentina.
| | - Johannes Bergsten
- Department of Zoology; Swedish Museum of Natural History; P.O. Box 50007; 10405 Stockholm; Sweden.
| | - J I Hjek
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Cirkusov 1740; CZ-193 00 Praha 9 Horn Pocernice; Czech Republic.
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2
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Alarie Y, Mai Z, Michat MC, Hájek J. Larval morphology and new records of the iconic diving beetle Acilius sinensis Peschet, 1915 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae)-a species well established in western Yunnan, China. Zootaxa 2023; 5301:277-291. [PMID: 37518560 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Adults and larvae of the very rare Chinese endemic species Acilius sinensis Peschet, 1915 are newly reported from three localities in western Yunnan, which indicates the presence of viable populations in this area. Based on the available data, the rarity of the species in collections is more caused by collecting bias than actual threat of its habitat loss. All larval instars of A. sinensis are for the first time described according to the now generalized larval descriptive format of Dytiscidae, which incorporates detailed chaetotaxic and morphometric analyses. Like other known Acilius Leach, 1817 larvae, A. sinensis is characterized by the typical Y-shaped median process of prementum. So far as the third instar larva is considered, A. sinensis shares with A. fraternus (Harris, 1828), A. kishii Nakane 1963, A. semisulcatus Aubé, 1838, and A. sulcatus (Linnaeus, 1758) the median process of prementum invaginated at nearly 75% of its length compared to less than 35% in A. abbreviatus Aubé, 1838, A. duvergeri Gobert, 1874, and A. canaliculatus (Nicolai, 1822). As far as chaetotaxy is concerned, A. sinensis is distinguished by the presence of the primary pore PAo located on the ventral face of the parietal. The habitat of the species is briefly commented. Acilius sinensis is here newly proposed for inclusion in the IUCN red list in the category Vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Alarie
- School of Natural Sciences; Laurentian University; Ramsey Lake Road; Sudbury; Ontario; Canada.
| | - Zuqi Mai
- Institute of Entomology; Life Sciences School; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou; 510275; Guangdong; China.
| | - Mariano C Michat
- University of Buenos Aires; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences; Department of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology (IBBEA); Buenos Aires; Argentina.
| | - Jiří Hájek
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Cirkusová 1740; CZ-193 00 Praha 9 - Horní Počernice; Czech Republic.
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3
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ALARIE YVES, MICHAT MARIANOC, SHAVERDO HELENA, HÁJEK JIŘÍ. Morphology of the larvae of Sandracottus femoralis Heller, 1934, and S. mixtus (Blanchard, 1843) and phylogenetic comparison with other known Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). Zootaxa 2023; 5263:301-334. [PMID: 37044983 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the larvae of the diving-beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 based on S. femoralis Heller, 1934 and S. mixtus (Blanchard, 1843). We include detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, terminal abdominal segment and urogomphi in order to discover useful characters for distinguishing Sandracottus larvae from those of other known Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). A provisional parsimony analysis based on larval characteristics of seven Aciliini species in four genera (Acilius Leach, 1817, Graphoderus Dejean, 1833, Sandracottus, Thermonectus Dejean, 1833) was conducted using the program TNT. A clade grouping Eretini and Aciliini stands out as the most strongly supported in this analysis. The tribe Aciliini finds itself monophyletic with also very good support. Our analysis, however, failed to depict any clear phylogenetic relationships within the Aciliini although each of the four genera studied emerged from our study as morphologically distinct.
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Kiyokawa R, Ikeda H. Intraspecific evolution of sexually dimorphic characters in a female diving beetle can be promoted by demographic history and temperature. Evolution 2022; 76:1003-1015. [PMID: 35267191 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have predicted that antagonistic intraspecific evolution of sexually dimorphic characters causing rapid speciation can be driven by demographic history and environmental variations. However, researchers have rarely examined this issue in the wild. Here, we examined intraspecific evolution of sexually dimorphic characters and its driving force by using a diving beetle, Acilius japonicus, which has very marked sexually dimorphic characters. Males with wider big suction cups could copulate with females with a higher success rate, whereas the mating durations of females with more hairs on their pronota were shorter. Females in a region with greater interpopulation genetic differentiation had more pronotal hairs. Considering that a previous study showed that less continuity among populations leads to a higher female cost of mating, this result suggests a greater female cost of mating in this region. Females at warmer sites also had more pronotal hairs. In light of the increase in O2 consumption in warmer water, our result suggests that more pronotal hairs in females at warmer sites have been maintained to prevent prolonged underwater mating at higher O2 demand. These findings suggest that demographic history and temperature can direct the evolution of sexually dimorphic characters related to sexual conflict in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kiyokawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan.,Shiriuchi 54-1, Shiriuchimachi, Hachinohe-shi, Aomori, 039-1101, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
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Sota T, Takami Y, Ikeda H, Liang H, Karagyan G, Scholtz C, Hori M. Global dispersal and diversification in ground beetles of the subfamily Carabinae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 167:107355. [PMID: 34774762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The origin and diversification process of lineages of organisms that are currently widely distributed among continents is an interesting subject for exploring the evolutionary history of global species diversity. Ground beetles of the subfamily Carabinae are flightless except for one lineage, but nevertheless occur on all continents except Antarctica. Here, we used sequence data from ultraconserved elements to reconstruct the phylogeny, divergence time, biogeographical history, ancestral state of hind wings and changes in the speciation rate of Carabinae. Our results show that Carabinae originated in the Americas and diversified into four tribes during the period from the late Jurassic to the late Cretaceous, with two in South America (Celoglossini) and Australasia (Pamborini) and two in Laurasia (Cychrini and Carabini). The ancestral Carabinae were inferred to be winged; three of four tribes (Cychrini, Ceglossini and Pamborini) have completely lost their hind wings and flight capability. The remaining tribe, Carabini, diverged into the subtribes Carabina (wingless) and Calosomina (winged) in the Oligocene. Carabina originated in Europe, spread over Eurasia and diversified into approximately 1000 species, accounting for around 60% of all Carabinae species. Calosomina that were flight-capable dispersed from North America or Eurasia to South America, Australia, and Africa, and then flightless lineages evolved on oceanic islands and continental highlands. The speciation rate increased in the Cychrini and Carabini clades in Eurasia. Within Carabini, the speciation rate was higher for wingless than winged states. Our study showed that the global distribution of Carabinae resulted from ancient dispersal before the breakup of Gondwana and more recent dispersal through flight around the world. These patterns consequently illustrate the causal relationships of geographical history, evolution of flightlessness, and the global distribution and species diversity of Carabinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gayane Karagyan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Clarke Scholtz
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, Republic of South Africa
| | - Michio Hori
- Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Bilton DT, Ribera I, Short AEZ. Water Beetles as Models in Ecology and Evolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 64:359-377. [PMID: 30629892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Beetles have colonized water many times during their history, with some of these events involving extensive evolutionary radiations and multiple transitions between land and water. With over 13,000 described species, they are one of the most diverse macroinvertebrate groups in most nonmarine aquatic habitats and occur on all continents except Antarctica. A combination of wide geographical and ecological range and relatively accessible taxonomy makes these insects an excellent model system for addressing a variety of questions in ecology and evolution. Work on water beetles has recently made important contributions to fields as diverse as DNA taxonomy, macroecology, historical biogeography, sexual selection, and conservation biology, as well as predicting organismal responses to global change. Aquatic beetles have some of the best resolved phylogenies of any comparably diverse insect group, and this, coupled with recent advances in taxonomic and ecological knowledge, is likely to drive an expansion of studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Bilton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom;
| | - Ignacio Ribera
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Pompeu Fabra University), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrew Edward Z Short
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA;
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Hjalmarsson AE, Graf W, Jähnig SC, Vitecek S, Pauls SU. Molecular association and morphological characterisation of Himalopsyche larval types (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae). Zookeys 2018; 773:79-108. [PMID: 30026662 PMCID: PMC6048183 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.773.24319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Himalopsyche Banks, 1940 (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) is a genus of caddisflies inhabiting mountain and alpine environments in Central and East Asia and the Nearctic. Of 53 known species, only five species have been described previously in the aquatic larval stage. We perform life stage association using three strategies (GMYC, PTP, and reciprocal monophyly) based on fragments of two molecular markers: the nuclear CAD, and the mitochondrial COI gene. A total of 525 individuals from across the range of Himalopsyche (Himalayas, Hengduan Shan, Tian Shan, South East Asia, Japan, and western North America) was analysed and 32 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in our dataset delimited. Four distinct larval types of Himalopsyche are uncovered, and these are defined as the phryganea type, japonica type, tibetana type, and gigantea type and a comparative morphological characterisation of the larval types is presented. The larval types differ in a number of traits, most prominently in their gill configuration, as well as in other features such as setal configuration of the pronotum and presence/absence of accessory hooks of the anal prolegs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Hjalmarsson
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 63025 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33/DG, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Department of Ecosystem Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 7, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 63025 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 63025 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Mortazavi A, Hajiqanbar H, Lindquist EE. A new family of mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Raphignathina), highly specialized subelytral parasites of dytiscid water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae). Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolazim Mortazavi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hajiqanbar
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Evert E Lindquist
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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9
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Toussaint Fls EFA, Gillett CPDT. Rekindling Jeannel’s Gondwanan vision? Phylogenetics and evolution of Carabinae with a focus on Calosoma caterpillar hunter beetles. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Che LH, Zhang SQ, Li Y, Liang D, Pang H, Ślipiński A, Zhang P. Genome-wide survey of nuclear protein-coding markers for beetle phylogenetics and their application in resolving both deep and shallow-level divergences. Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 17:1342-1358. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; College of Ecology and Evolution; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006; Guangdong Province China
| | - Shao-Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; College of Ecology and Evolution; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006; Guangdong Province China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; College of Ecology and Evolution; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006; Guangdong Province China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; College of Ecology and Evolution; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006; Guangdong Province China
| | - Hong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; College of Ecology and Evolution; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006; Guangdong Province China
| | - Adam Ślipiński
- Australian National Insect Collection; CSIRO; GPO Box 1700 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; College of Ecology and Evolution; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006; Guangdong Province China
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Chani-Posse MR, Brunke AJ, Chatzimanolis S, Schillhammer H, Solodovnikov A. Phylogeny of the hyper-diverse rove beetle subtribe Philonthina with implications for classification of the tribe Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Cladistics 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R. Chani-Posse
- Laboratorio de Entomología; Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Aridas (IADIZA, CCT CONICET, Mendoza); Casilla de Correo 507 5500 Mendoza Argentina
- BioSystematics; Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Adam James Brunke
- Natural History Museum Vienna; International Research Institute for Entomology; Burgring 7 A-1010 Vienna Austria
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; 960 Carling Avenue K.W. Neatby Building Ottawa ON K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Stylianos Chatzimanolis
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; 615 McCallie Ave., Dept. 2653 Chattanooga TN USA
| | - Harald Schillhammer
- Natural History Museum Vienna; International Research Institute for Entomology; Burgring 7 A-1010 Vienna Austria
| | - Alexey Solodovnikov
- BioSystematics; Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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Baca SM, Toussaint EF, Miller KB, Short AE. Molecular phylogeny of the aquatic beetle family Noteridae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) with an emphasis on data partitioning strategies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 107:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Eberle J, Fabrizi S, Lago P, Ahrens D. A historical biogeography of megadiverse Sericini-another story “out of Africa”? Cladistics 2016; 33:183-197. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eberle
- Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Silvia Fabrizi
- Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Paul Lago
- Department of Biology; University of Mississippi; University MS 38677 USA
| | - Dirk Ahrens
- Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
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Bergsten J, Holmgren S, Angus R, Jia F, Chen ZN. Resolving the taxonomic conundrum in Graphoderus of the east Palearctic with a key to all species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Zookeys 2016:113-42. [PMID: 27110182 PMCID: PMC4829907 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.574.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Holarctic diving beetle genus Graphoderus (Dytiscinae, Aciliini) contains relatively few and well-known species but these may still be difficult to identify based on external characters. A taxonomic problem in the eastern Palearctic was discovered that relates to the Palearctic Graphoderuszonatus (Hoppe, 1795) and the Nearctic Graphoderusperplexus Sharp, 1882. Based on qualitative and quantitative characters, especially on male genitalia which have been poorly studied in the past, it is shown that eastern Palearctic specimens identified by previous authors as either of the two species in fact belongs to a third species. The synonymized name Graphoderuselatus Sharp, 1882, is reinstated as a valid species (stat. n.) and a lectotype is designated from the mixed syntype series. The male genitalia of all known Graphoderus species have been examined and an illustrated identification key to the genus is provided. The three species in the complex of focus, Graphoderuselatus, Graphoderuszonatus and Graphoderusperplexus are found to have allopatric distributions; Graphoderusperplexus in the Nearctic region, Graphoderuszonatus in the west Palearctic region and eastwards to the Yenisei-Angara river and Graphoderuselatus east of the Yenisei-Angara river. All previous records of either Graphoderuszonatus or Graphoderusperplexus in the east Palearctic, east of the Yenisei-Angara river turned out to be misidentified Graphoderuselatus. This conclusion also brings with it that dimorphic females, thought only to be present in the single subspecies Graphoderuszonatusverrucifer (CR Sahlberg, 1824), proved to be present also in a second species, Graphoderuselatus. The dimorphic female forms is either with dorsally smooth elytra and pronotum or conspicuously granulated elytra and wrinkly pronotum. As has been shown in Graphoderuszonatusverrucifer there is a correlation between the occurrence of granulate female forms in a population and an increase in the number of adhesive discs on pro- and mesotarsus in males within Graphoderuselatus.
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15
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Berger BA, Kriebel R, Spalink D, Sytsma KJ. Divergence times, historical biogeography, and shifts in speciation rates of Myrtales. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 95:116-36. [PMID: 26585030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examine the eudicot order Myrtales, a clade with strong Gondwanan representation for most of its families. Although previous phylogenetic studies greatly improved our understanding of intergeneric and interspecific relationships within the order, our understanding of inter-familial relationships still remains unresolved; hence, we also lack a robust time-calibrated chronogram to address hypotheses (e.g., biogeography and diversification rates) that have implicit time assumptions. Six loci (rbcL, ndhF, matK, matR, 18S, and 26S) were amplified and sequenced for 102 taxa across Myrtales for phylogenetic reconstruction and ten fossil priors were utilized to produce a chronogram in BEAST. Combretaceae is identified as the sister clade to all remaining families with moderate support, and within the latter clade, two strongly supported groups are seen: (1) Onagraceae+Lythraceae, and (2) Melastomataceae+the Crypteroniaceae, Alzateaceae, Penaeaceae clade along with Myrtaceae+Vochysiaceae. Divergence time estimates suggest Myrtales diverged from Geraniales ∼124Mya during the Aptian of the Early Cretaceous. The crown date for Myrtales is estimated at ∼116Mya (Albian-Aptian). BioGeoBEARS showed significant improvement in the likelihood score when the "jump dispersal" parameter was added. South America and/or Africa are implicated as important ancestral areas in all deeper nodes. BAMM analyses indicate that the best configuration included three significant shifts in diversification rates within Myrtales: near the crown of Melastomataceae (∼67-64Mya), along the stem of subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae; ∼75Mya), and along the stem of tribe Combreteae (Combretaceae; ∼50-45Mya). Issues with conducting diversification analyses more generally are examined in the context of scale, taxon sampling, and larger sets of phylogenetic trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Berger
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11432, USA; Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Spalink
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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16
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Brunke AJ, Chatzimanolis S, Schillhammer H, Solodovnikov A. Early evolution of the hyperdiverse rove beetle tribe Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) and a revision of its higher classification. Cladistics 2015; 32:427-451. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Brunke
- BioSystematics Natural History Museum of Denmark Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stylianos Chatzimanolis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Ave. Dept. 2653 Chattanooga TN USA
| | - Harald Schillhammer
- Natural History Museum Vienna International Institute for Entomology Burgring 7 A ‐1010 Vienna Austria
| | - Alexey Solodovnikov
- BioSystematics Natural History Museum of Denmark Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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Kim SI, Farrell BD. Phylogeny of world stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) reveals a Gondwanan origin of Darwin’s stag beetle. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 86:35-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bukontaite R, Ranarilalatiana T, Randriamihaja JH, Bergsten J. In or out-of-Madagascar?--Colonization patterns for large-bodied diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120777. [PMID: 25794184 PMCID: PMC4368551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High species diversity and endemism within Madagascar is mainly the result of species radiations following colonization from nearby continents or islands. Most of the endemic taxa are thought to be descendants of a single or small number of colonizers that arrived from Africa sometime during the Cenozoic and gave rise to highly diverse groups. This pattern is largely based on vertebrates and a small number of invertebrate groups. Knowledge of the evolutionary history of aquatic beetles on Madagascar is lacking, even though this species-rich group is often a dominant part of invertebrate freshwater communities in both standing and running water. Here we focus on large bodied diving beetles of the tribes Hydaticini and Cybistrini. Our aims with this study were to answer the following questions 1) How many colonization events does the present Malagasy fauna originate from? 2) Did any colonization event lead to a species radiation? 3) Where did the colonizers come from--Africa or Asia--and has there been any out-of-Madagascar event? 4) When did these events occur and were they concentrated to any particular time interval? Our results suggest that neither in Hydaticini nor in Cybistrini was there a single case of two or more endemic species forming a monophyletic group. The biogeographical analysis indicated different colonization histories for the two tribes. Cybistrini required at least eight separate colonization events, including the non-endemic species, all comparatively recent except the only lotic (running water) living Cybister operosus with an inferred colonization at 29 Ma. In Hydaticini the Madagascan endemics were spread out across the tree, often occupying basal positions in different species groups. The biogeographical analyses therefore postulated the very bold hypothesis of a Madagascan origin at a very deep basal node within Hydaticus and multiple out-of-Madagascar dispersal events. This hypothesis needs to be tested with equally intense taxon sampling of mainland Africa as for Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Bukontaite
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolotra Ranarilalatiana
- Departement d’Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 906, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme de Madagascar, Androhibe, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar
| | - Jacquelin Herisahala Randriamihaja
- Departement d’Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 906, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme de Madagascar, Androhibe, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar
| | - Johannes Bergsten
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, Stockholm, Sweden
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