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Li S, Yang H, Duan Y, Wu L, Hu C, Yu B, Zhao Y. Role of heat shock proteins in response to temperature stress and their effect on apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 306:141320. [PMID: 39984102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025]
Abstract
Temperature is a key ecological factor influencing insect development and survival. Temperature stress triggers insect cell apoptosis. However, factors surrounding the response of insects to various temperature stresses at different developmental stages remain unclear. The molecular mechanisms by which these factors reduce apoptosis are also not well understood. In this study, transcriptome sequencing and differential expression analysis were conducted on the W1118 strain of Drosophila melanogaster at various developmental stages under different temperature treatments (6 °C, 26 °C, 35 °C/37 °C). The analysis revealed that DmenHSP68 is a differentially expressed gene for different developmental stages and under different temperature stresses. The RNA interference (RNAi) suppression of DmenDNAJA1 (HSP40 family), DmenHSP68 (HSP70 family), and DmenHSP83 (HSP90 family) significantly decreased adult survival rates under temperature stress. RT-PCR results showed a significant upregulation of apoptosis-related genes. The levels of apoptosis markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c (Cytc) levels, and Caspase-3 activity significantly increased, while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels significantly decreased. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying apoptosis in Drosophila under different temperature stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chunyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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2
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Antunes MA, Santos MA, Quina AS, Santos M, Matos M, Simões P. Evolution and Plasticity of Gene Expression Under Progressive Warming in Drosophila subobscura. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17548. [PMID: 39377752 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of thermal adaptation is crucial to predict the impacts of global warming. However, there is still a lack of research on the effects of rising temperatures over time and of studies involving different populations from the same species. The present study focuses on these two aspects, which are of great importance in understanding how organisms cope and adapt to ongoing changes in their environment. This study investigates the impact of global warming on the gene expression patterns of Drosophila subobscura populations from two different latitudinal locations after 23 generations of evolution. Our results indicate that evolutionary changes depend on the genetic background of the populations, with different starting points for thermal evolution, and that high-latitude populations show more pronounced evolutionary changes, with some evidence of convergence towards low-latitude populations. We found an interplay between plasticity and selection, with the high-latitude population showing fewer initial plastic genes and lower levels of adaptive plasticity, but a greater magnitude of change in both plastic and selective responses during evolution under warming conditions compared with its low-latitude counterpart. A substantial proportion of the transcriptome was observed to be evolving, despite the lack of observable response at higher-order phenotypic traits. The interplay between plasticity and selection may prove to be an essential component in shaping species' evolutionary responses to climate change. Furthermore, the value of conducting studies on multiple populations of the same species is emphasised, given the identification of differences between populations with different backgrounds in several contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Antunes
- CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta A Santos
- CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Quina
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mauro Santos
- CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GBBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Margarida Matos
- CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Simões
- CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Quan PQ, Guo PL, He J, Liu XD. Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of a migratory insect pest to global warming. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17493. [PMID: 39132714 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In the face of rising global temperatures, the mechanisms behind an organism's ability to acclimate to heat stress remain enigmatic. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, traditionally viewed as temperature-sensitive, paradoxically exhibits robust larval acclimation to heat stress. This study used the heat-acclimated strain HA39, developed through multigenerational exposure to 39°C during the larval stage, and the unacclimated strain HA27 reared at 27°C to unravel the transgenerational effects of heat acclimation and its regulatory mechanisms. Heat acclimation for larvae incurred a fitness cost in pupae when exposed to high temperature, yet a significant transgenerational effect surfaced, revealing heightened fitness benefit in pupae from HA39, even without additional heat exposure during larval recovery at 27°C. This transgenerational effect exhibited a short-term memory, diminishing after two recovery generations. Moreover, the effect correlated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and expression levels of oxidoreductase genes, representing physiological and molecular foundations of heat acclimation. Heat-acclimated larvae displayed elevated DNA methylation levels, while pupae from HA39, in recovery generations, exhibited decreased methylation indicated by the upregulation of a demethylase gene and downregulation of two methyltransferase genes at high temperatures. In summary, heat acclimation induces DNA methylation, orchestrating heat-stress memory and influencing the expression levels of oxidoreductase genes and SOD activity. Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of the migratory insect pest to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Qi Quan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan-Long Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Santos MA, Carromeu-Santos A, Quina AS, Antunes MA, Kristensen TN, Santos M, Matos M, Fragata I, Simões P. Experimental Evolution in a Warming World: The Omics Era. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae148. [PMID: 39034684 PMCID: PMC11331425 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms that shape species responses to thermal variation is essential for more accurate predictions of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Experimental evolution with high-throughput resequencing approaches (evolve and resequence) is a highly effective tool that has been increasingly employed to elucidate the genetic basis of adaptation. The number of thermal evolve and resequence studies is rising, yet there is a dearth of efforts to integrate this new wealth of knowledge. Here, we review this literature showing how these studies have contributed to increase our understanding on the genetic basis of thermal adaptation. We identify two major trends: highly polygenic basis of thermal adaptation and general lack of consistency in candidate targets of selection between studies. These findings indicate that the adaptive responses to specific environments are rather independent. A review of the literature reveals several gaps in the existing research. Firstly, there is a paucity of studies done with organisms of diverse taxa. Secondly, there is a need to apply more dynamic and ecologically relevant thermal environments. Thirdly, there is a lack of studies that integrate genomic changes with changes in life history and behavioral traits. Addressing these issues would allow a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype. We highlight key methodological aspects that can address some of the limitations and omissions identified. These include the need for greater standardization of methodologies and the utilization of new technologies focusing on the integration of genomic and phenotypic variation in the context of thermal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Santos
- CE3C—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Carromeu-Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Quina
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Marta A Antunes
- CE3C—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Mauro Santos
- CE3C—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GBBE), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Margarida Matos
- CE3C—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Fragata
- CE3C—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Simões
- CE3C—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Shen C, Feng G, Zhao F, Huang X, Li X. The multi-omics analysis in the hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis provides novel insights into the response mechanism of heat stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101232. [PMID: 38598963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Under global warming, heat stress can induce the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, causing irreversible damage to aquatic animals. It is essential to predict potentially harmful impacts on aquatic organisms under heat stress. Eriocheir sinensis, a typical crustacean crab, is widely distributed in China, American and Europe. Parent E. sinensis need migrate to the estuaries to reproduce in winter, and temperature is a key environmental factor. Herein, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis under heat stress (20 °C and 30 °C), focusing on heat shock protein family, antioxidant system, energy metabolism and immune defense. The results revealed that parent E. sinensis generated adaptative responses to maintain physiological function under 20 °C stress via the transcriptional up-regulation of energy metabolism enzymes, mRNA synthesis and heat shock proteins. The transcriptional inhibition of key enzymes related to energy metabolism implied that 30 °C stress may lead to the dysfunction of energy metabolism in parent E. sinensis. Meanwhile, parent E. sinensis also enhanced the expression of ferritin and phospholipase D at translational level, and the glutathione s-transferase and heat shock protein 70 at both transcriptional and translational levels, speculating that parent E. sinensis can strengthen antioxidant and immune capacity to resist oxidative stress under 30 °C stress. This study elucidated the potential molecular mechanism in response to heat stress of parent E. sinensis hepatopancreas. The preliminary selection of heat tolerance genes or proteins in E. sinensis can provide a reference for the population prediction and the study of evolutionary mechanism under heat stress in crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shen
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200090, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangpeng Feng
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200090, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaorong Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xincang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200090, China
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6
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Zivanovic G, Arenas C, Mestres F. The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change-Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans. INSECTS 2023; 14:596. [PMID: 37504602 PMCID: PMC10380441 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive value of the Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion polymorphism with regard to environmental effects is well-known. However, the specific details of the inversion adaptations to the global warming scenario deserve to be analyzed. Toward this aim, polymorphism and karyotypes were studied in 574 individuals from Petnica (Serbia) in annual samples taken in June for the period 2019-2022. Comparing the results of Petnica (Cfa: humid subtropical climate) with those from Avala (Serbia: Cfb, temperate oceanic climate) and Font Groga (Barcelona, Spain; Csa: hot-summer Mediterranean climate), significant differences were observed for their chromosomal polymorphism. In Petnica, inversions from U and E chromosomes mainly reacted significantly with regard to temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Moreover, the inversion polymorphism from Petnica (2019-2022) was compared with that from 1995. In this period, a significant increase in mean and maximum temperature was observed. However, to properly explain the observed variations of inversions over time, it was necessary to carefully analyze annual seasonal changes and particular heat wave episodes. Interestingly, yearly fluctuations of U chromosome 'warm'-adapted inversions corresponded with opposite changes in 'non-thermal' inversions. Perhaps these types of inversions were not correctly defined with regard to thermal adaptation, or these fluctuations were also due to adaptations to other physical and/or biological variables. Finally, a joint study of chromosomal inversion polymorphism from many Balkan populations of D. subobscura indicated that different climatic regions presented distinct composition, including thermal-adapted inversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Zivanovic
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció d'Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Mestres
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció de Genètica Biomèdica, Evolutiva i Desenvolupament and IRBio (Institut de Recerca per la Biodiversitat), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Erić K, Veselinović MS, Patenković A, Davidović S, Erić P, Stamenković-Radak M, Tanasković M. Population History Shapes Responses to Different Temperature Regimes in Drosophila subobscura. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1333. [PMID: 37374116 DOI: 10.3390/life13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila subobscura is considered a good model species for investigation of a population's ability to adapt and cope with climate changes. Decade long research has shown that inversion frequencies change in response to environmental factors indicating their role in adaptation to novel environments. The mechanisms behind organisms' responses to temperature are complex, involving changes in physiology, behavior, gene expression and regulation. On the other hand, a population's ability to respond to suboptimal conditions depends on standing genetic variation and population history. In order to elucidate the role of local adaptation in population response to the changing temperature, we investigated the response to temperature in D. subobscura individuals originating from two different altitudes by combining traditional cytogenetic techniques with assessing the levels of Hsp70 protein expression. Inversion polymorphism was assessed in the flies sampled from natural populations and in flies reared in laboratory conditions at three different temperatures after five and sixteen generations and Hsp70 protein expression profile in 12th generation flies at the basal level and after heat shock induction. Our results indicate that local adaptation and population history influence population response to the changing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Patenković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Davidović
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Tanasković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Zivanovic G, Arenas C, Mestres F. Adaptation of Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversions to climatic variables: the Balkan natural population of Avala. Genetica 2021; 149:155-169. [PMID: 34129131 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-021-00125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive value of chromosomal inversions continues raising relevant questions in evolutionary biology. In many species of the Drosophila genus, different inversions have been recognized to be related to thermal adaptation, but it is necessary to determine to which specific climatic variables the inversions are adaptive. With this aim, the behavior of thermal adapted inversions of Drosophila subobscura regarding climatic variables was studied in the natural population of Avala (Serbia) during the 2014-2017 period. The results obtained were compared with those previously reported in the Font Groga (Barcelona, Spain) population, which presents different climatic and environmental conditions. In both populations, it was observed that most thermal adapted inversions were significantly associated with the first, second or both principal components, which were related with maximum, minimum and mean temperatures. Moreover, a significant increase over years (2004-2017) for the minimum temperature was detected. In parallel, a significant variation over time in Avala was only observed for the frequencies of 'warm' and 'non-thermal' adapted inversions of the U chromosome. However, stability in the chromosomal inversion polymorphism was observed for the 2014-2017 period which might result from the temporal span of the study and/or selective process acting on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Zivanovic
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció d'Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Mestres
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció de Genètica Biomèdica, Evolutiva i Desenvolupament - IRBio (Institut de Recerca per la Biodiversitat), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Mesas A, Jaramillo A, Castañeda LE. Experimental evolution on heat tolerance and thermal performance curves under contrasting thermal selection in Drosophila subobscura. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:767-778. [PMID: 33662149 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ectotherms can respond to global warming via evolutionary change of their upper thermal limits (CTmax ). Thus, the estimation of CTmax and its evolutionary potential is crucial to determine their vulnerability to global warming. However, CTmax estimations depend on the thermal stress intensity, and it is not completely clear whether its evolutionary capacity can be affected. Here, we performed an artificial selection experiment to increase heat tolerance using fast- and slow-ramping selection protocols in Drosophila subobscura. We found that heat tolerance evolved in both selection protocols, exhibiting similar evolutionary change rates and realized heritabilities. Additionally, we estimated the thermal performance curves (TPC) to evaluate correlated responses to selection on heat tolerance. We detected that thermal optimum increased in fast-ramping selection lines, but with a cost at the thermal performance breadth. Conversely, we did not detect changes in the TPC for the slow-ramping selection lines, indicating that thermal stress intensity has important effects on the evolution of thermal physiology of ectotherms. These findings, together with previous studies in D. subobscura reporting interpopulation variability and significant heritabilities for heat tolerance, suggest that evolutionary change can contribute to insect persistence in thermally changing environments and adaptation to global warming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mesas
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Angélica Jaramillo
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis E Castañeda
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Cortés AJ, López-Hernández F, Osorio-Rodriguez D. Predicting Thermal Adaptation by Looking Into Populations' Genomic Past. Front Genet 2020; 11:564515. [PMID: 33101385 PMCID: PMC7545011 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.564515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular evolution offers an insightful theory to interpret the genomic consequences of thermal adaptation to previous events of climate change beyond range shifts. However, disentangling often mixed footprints of selective and demographic processes from those due to lineage sorting, recombination rate variation, and genomic constrains is not trivial. Therefore, here we condense current and historical population genomic tools to study thermal adaptation and outline key developments (genomic prediction, machine learning) that might assist their utilization for improving forecasts of populations' responses to thermal variation. We start by summarizing how recent thermal-driven selective and demographic responses can be inferred by coalescent methods and in turn how quantitative genetic theory offers suitable multi-trait predictions over a few generations via the breeder's equation. We later assume that enough generations have passed as to display genomic signatures of divergent selection to thermal variation and describe how these footprints can be reconstructed using genome-wide association and selection scans or, alternatively, may be used for forward prediction over multiple generations under an infinitesimal genomic prediction model. Finally, we move deeper in time to comprehend the genomic consequences of thermal shifts at an evolutionary time scale by relying on phylogeographic approaches that allow for reticulate evolution and ecological parapatric speciation, and end by envisioning the potential of modern machine learning techniques to better inform long-term predictions. We conclude that foreseeing future thermal adaptive responses requires bridging the multiple spatial scales of historical and predictive environmental change research under modern cohesive approaches such as genomic prediction and machine learning frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J Cortés
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Rionegro, Colombia.,Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Felipe López-Hernández
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Rionegro, Colombia
| | - Daniela Osorio-Rodriguez
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, United States
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11
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Puig Giribets M, Santos M, García Guerreiro MP. Basal hsp70 expression levels do not explain adaptive variation of the warm- and cold-climate O 3 + 4 + 7 and O ST gene arrangements of Drosophila subobscura. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32005133 PMCID: PMC6995229 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drosophila subobscura exhibits a rich inversion polymorphism, with some adaptive inversions showing repeatable spatiotemporal patterns in frequencies related to temperature. Previous studies reported increased basal HSP70 protein levels in homokaryotypic strains for a warm-climate arrangement compared to a cold-climate one. These findings do not match the similar hsp70 genomic organization between arrangements, where gene expression levels are expected to be similar. In order to test this hypothesis and understand the molecular basis for hsp70 expression, we compared basal hsp70 mRNA levels in males and females, and analysed the 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions of hsp70 genes in warm- and cold-climate isochromosomal O3 + 4 + 7 and OST lines of D. subobscura. Results We observed comparable mRNA levels between the two arrangements and a sex-biased hsp70 gene expression. The number of heat-shock elements (HSEs) and GAGA sites on the promoters were identical amongst the OST and O3 + 4 + 7 lines analysed. This is also true for 3′ AU-rich elements where most A and B copies of hsp70 have, respectively, two and one element in both arrangements. Beyond the regulatory elements, the only notable difference between both arrangements is the presence in 3′ UTR of a 14 bp additional fragment after the stop codon in the hsp70A copy in five O3 + 4 + 7 lines, which was not found in any of the six OST lines. Conclusions The equivalent hsp70 mRNA amounts in OST and O3 + 4 + 7 arrangements provide the first evidence of a parallelism between gene expression and genetic organization in D. subobscura lines having these arrangements. This is reinforced by the lack of important differential features in the number and structure of regulatory elements between both arrangements, despite the genetic differentiation observed when the complete 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions were considered. Therefore, the basal levels of hsp70 mRNA cannot account, in principle, for the adaptive variation of the two arrangements studied. Consequently, further studies are necessary to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms of hsp70 gene regulation in D. subobscura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Puig Giribets
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauro Santos
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Pilar García Guerreiro
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang B, Hao X, Xu J, Ma Y, Ma L. Transcriptome-Based Analysis Reveals a Crucial Role of BxGPCR17454 in Low Temperature Response of Pine Wood Nematode ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122898. [PMID: 31197083 PMCID: PMC6628231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The causal agent of pine wilt disease is the pine wood nematode (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), whose ability to adapt different ecological niches is a crucial determinant of their invasion to colder regions. To discover the molecular mechanism of low temperature response mechanism, we attempted to study the molecular response patterns under low temperature from B. xylophilus with a comprehensive RNA sequencing analysis and validated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatic software was utilized to isolate and identify the low-temperature-related BxGPCR genes. Transcript abundance of six low-temperature-related BxGPCR genes and function of one of the BxGPCR genes are studied by qRT-PCR and RNA interference. Results: The results showed that we detected 432 DEGs through RNA sequencing between low-temperature-treated and ambient-temperature-treated groups nematodes. The transcript level of 6 low-temperature-related BxGPCR genes increased at low temperature. And, the survival rates of BxGPCR17454 silenced B. xylophilus revealed a significant decrease at low temperature. Conclusion: in conclusion, this transcriptome-based study revealed a crucial role of BxGPCR17454 in low temperature response process of pine wood nematode. These discoveries would assist the development of management and methods for efficient control of this devastating pine tree pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xin Hao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Jiayao Xu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Management, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China.
| | - Ling Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Galludo M, Canals J, Pineda-Cirera L, Esteve C, Rosselló M, Balanyà J, Arenas C, Mestres F. Climatic adaptation of chromosomal inversions in Drosophila subobscura. Genetica 2018; 146:433-441. [PMID: 30151609 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila subobscura is a species with a rich chromosomal polymorphism which is adaptive to different climatic conditions. Five samples of the Font Groga population (Barcelona, Spain) were sampled in autumn during 5 consecutive years (2011-2015) to obtain their inversion chromosomal polymorphism, and climatic data of several meteorological variables were also collected. The aim was to analyze the adaptive potential of inversions with regard to climatic variables, being the most relevant: mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), humidity (Hm) and rainfall (Rf). As expected, no significant variation in inversion frequencies were detected over this short period of time. However, from a climatic point of view it was possible to differentiate 'warm' and 'dry' from 'cold' and 'humid' samples. The joint study of maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures was a key element to understand the effect on adaptation of many inversions. It was also observed that temperature had to be considered in conjunction with humidity and rainfall. All these factors would condition the biota of D. subobscura habitat, and chromosomal inversions could provide an adaptive response to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galludo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Canals
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Esteve
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosselló
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Balanyà
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- IRBio-Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Mestres
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- IRBio-Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Patterns of geographic variation of thermal adapted candidate genes in Drosophila subobscura sex chromosome arrangements. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:60. [PMID: 29699488 PMCID: PMC5921438 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of chromosomal arrangements in adaptation is supported by the repeatable clinal variation in inversion frequencies across continents in colonizing species such as Drosophila subobscura. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the genetic variation in genes within inversions, possibly targets of climatic selection, across a geographic latitudinal gradient. In the present study we analysed four candidate loci for thermal adaptation, located close to the breakpoints, in two chromosomal arrangements of the sex (A) chromosome of Drosophila subobscura with different thermal preferences. Individual chromosomes with A2 (the inverted arrangement considered warm adapted) or AST (the standard ancestral arrangement considered cold adapted) were sequenced across four European localities at varying latitudes, up to ~ 2500 Kms apart. RESULTS Importantly, we found very low differentiation for each specific arrangement across populations as well as no clinal patterns of genomic variation. This suggests wide gene exchange along the cline. Differentiation between the sex chromosome arrangements was significant in the two more proximal regions relative to the AST orientation but not in the distal ones, independently of their location inside or outside the inversion. This can be possibly due to variation in the levels of gene flux and/or selection acting in these regions. CONCLUSIONS Gene flow appears to have homogenized the genetic content within-arrangement at a wide geographical scale, despite the expected diverse selective pressures in the specific natural environments of the different populations sampled. It is thus likely that the inversion frequency clines in this species are being maintained by local adaptation in face of gene flow. The differences between arrangements at non-coding regions might be associated with the previously observed differential gene expression in different thermal regimes. Higher resolution genomic scans for individual chromosomal arrangements performed over a large environmental gradient are needed to find the targets of selection and further elucidate the adaptive mechanisms maintaining chromosomal inversion polymorphisms.
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Cui M, Hu P, Wang T, Tao J, Zong S. Differential transcriptome analysis reveals genes related to cold tolerance in seabuckthorn carpenter moth, Eogystia hippophaecolus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187105. [PMID: 29131867 PMCID: PMC5683614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Seabuckthorn carpenter moth, Eogystia hippophaecolus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), is an important pest of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), which is a shrub that has significant ecological and economic value in China. E. hippophaecolus is highly cold tolerant, but limited studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its cold resistance. Here we sequenced the E. hippophaecolus transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology and performed de novo assembly from the short paired-end reads. We investigated the larval response to cold stress by comparing gene expression profiles between treatments. We obtained 118,034 unigenes, of which 22,161 were annotated with gene descriptions, conserved domains, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways. These resulted in 57 GO terms and 193 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. By comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression, we identified many differentially expressed proteins and genes, including heat shock proteins and cuticular proteins which have previously been reported to be involved in cold resistance of insects. This study provides a global transcriptome analysis and an assessment of differential gene expression in E. hippophaecolus under cold stress. We found seven differential expressed genes in common between developmental stages, which were verified with qPCR. Our findings facilitate future genomic studies aimed at improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of insects to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Mentougou Forestry Station, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JT); (SXZ)
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JT); (SXZ)
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Romero ML, Colombo PC, Remis MI. Microsatellite DNA analysis of population structure in Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae), over a cline for three Robertsonian translocations. Evol Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-017-9915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Kozak GM, Wadsworth CB, Kahne SC, Bogdanowicz SM, Harrison RG, Coates BS, Dopman EB. A combination of sexual and ecological divergence contributes to rearrangement spread during initial stages of speciation. Mol Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.111/mwc.1403610.1111/mec.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M. Kozak
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Crista B. Wadsworth
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave. Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Shoshanna C. Kahne
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Steven M. Bogdanowicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University 215 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Richard G. Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University 215 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Brad S. Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA‐ARS Iowa State University 103 Genetics Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Erik B. Dopman
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
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18
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Kozak GM, Wadsworth CB, Kahne SC, Bogdanowicz SM, Harrison RG, Coates BS, Dopman EB. A combination of sexual and ecological divergence contributes to rearrangement spread during initial stages of speciation. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2331-2347. [PMID: 28141898 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements between sympatric species often contain multiple loci contributing to assortative mating, local adaptation and hybrid sterility. When and how these associations arise during the process of speciation remains a subject of debate. Here, we address the relative roles of local adaptation and assortative mating on the dynamics of rearrangement evolution by studying how a rearrangement covaries with sexual and ecological trait divergence within a species. Previously, a chromosomal rearrangement that suppresses recombination on the Z (sex) chromosome was identified in European corn borer moths (Ostrinia nubilalis). We further characterize this recombination suppressor and explore its association with variation in sex pheromone communication and seasonal ecological adaptation in pairs of populations that are divergent in one or both of these characteristics. Direct estimates of recombination suppression in pedigree mapping families indicated that more than 39% of the Z chromosome (encompassing up to ~10 megabases and ~300 genes) resides within a nonrecombining unit, including pheromone olfactory receptor genes and a major quantitative trait locus that contributes to ecotype differences (Pdd). Combining direct and indirect estimates of recombination suppression, we found that the rearrangement was occasionally present between sexually isolated strains (E vs. Z) and between divergent ecotypes (univoltine vs. bivoltine). However, it was only consistently present when populations differed in both sexual and ecological traits. Our results suggest that independent of the forces that drove the initial establishment of the rearrangement, a combination of sexual and ecological divergence is required for rearrangement spread during speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Crista B Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shoshanna C Kahne
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Steven M Bogdanowicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard G Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brad S Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, 103 Genetics Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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19
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Puerma E, Orengo DJ, Aguadé M. The origin of chromosomal inversions as a source of segmental duplications in the Sophophora subgenus of Drosophila. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30715. [PMID: 27470196 PMCID: PMC4965816 DOI: 10.1038/srep30715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal inversions can contribute to the adaptation of organisms to their environment by capturing particular advantageous allelic combinations of a set of genes included in the inverted fragment and also by advantageous functional changes due to the inversion process itself that might affect not only the expression of flanking genes but also their dose and structure. Of the two mechanisms originating inversions —ectopic recombination, and staggered double-strand breaks and subsequent repair— only the latter confers the inversion the potential to have dosage effects and/or to generate advantageous chimeric genes. In Drosophila subobscura, there is ample evidence for the adaptive character of its chromosomal polymorphism, with an important contribution of some warm-climate arrangements such as E1+2+9+12. Here, we have characterized the breakpoints of inversion E12 and established that it originated through the staggered-break mechanism like four of the five inversions of D. subobscura previously studied. This mechanism that also predominates in the D. melanogaster lineage might be prevalent in the Sophophora subgenus and contribute to the adaptive character of the polymorphic and fixed inversions of its species. Finally, we have shown that the D. subobscura inversion breakpoint regions have generally been disrupted by additional structural changes occurred at different time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Puerma
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dorcas J Orengo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Aguadé
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Wolff JN, Tompkins DM, Gemmell NJ, Dowling DK. Mitonuclear interactions, mtDNA-mediated thermal plasticity, and implications for the Trojan Female Technique for pest control. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30016. [PMID: 27443488 PMCID: PMC4956753 DOI: 10.1038/srep30016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pest species pose major challenges to global economies, ecosystems, and health. Unfortunately, most conventional approaches to pest control remain costly, and temporary in effect. As such, a heritable variant of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) was proposed, based on the introduction of mitochondrial DNA mutations into pest populations, which impair male fertility but have no effects on females. Evidence for this "Trojan Female Technique" (TFT) was recently provided, in the form of a mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mt:Cyt-b) of Drosophila melanogaster which reduces male fertility across diverse nuclear backgrounds. However, recent studies have shown that the magnitude of mitochondrial genetic effects on the phenotype can vary greatly across environments, with mtDNA polymorphisms commonly entwined in genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions. Here we test whether the male-sterilizing effects previously associated with the mt:Cyt-b mutation are consistent across three thermal and three nuclear genomic contexts. The effects of this mutation were indeed moderated by the nuclear background and thermal environment, but crucially the fertility of males carrying the mutation was invariably reduced relative to controls. This mutation thus constitutes a promising candidate for the further development of the TFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonci N. Wolff
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Damian K. Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Purać J, Kojić D, Petri E, Popović ŽD, Grubor-Lajšić G, Blagojević DP. Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach. SHORT VIEWS ON INSECT GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Simões P, Fragata I, Lopes-Cunha M, Lima M, Kellen B, Bárbaro M, Santos M, Matos M. Wing trait-inversion associations in Drosophila subobscura can be generalized within continents, but may change through time. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:2163-74. [PMID: 26302686 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinal variation is one of the most emblematic examples of the action of natural selection at a wide geographical range. In Drosophila subobscura, parallel clines in body size and inversions, but not in wing shape, were found in Europe and South and North America. Previous work has shown that a bottleneck effect might be largely responsible for differences in wing trait-inversion association between one European and one South American population. One question still unaddressed is whether the associations found before are present across other populations of the European and South American clines. Another open question is whether evolutionary dynamics in a new environment can lead to relevant changes in wing traits-inversion association. To analyse geographical variation in these associations, we characterized three recently laboratory founded D. subobscura populations from both the European and South American latitudinal clines. To address temporal variation, we also characterized the association at a later generation in the European populations. We found that wing size and shape associations can be generalized across populations of the same continent, but may change through time for wing size. The observed temporal changes are probably due to changes in the genetic content of inversions, derived from adaptation to the new, laboratory environment. Finally, we show that it is not possible to predict clinal variation from intrapopulation associations. All in all this suggests that, at least in the present, wing traits-inversion associations are not responsible for the maintenance of the latitudinal clines in wing shape and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Simões
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Fragata
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Lopes-Cunha
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Lima
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B Kellen
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Bárbaro
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Santos
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M Matos
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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A molecular perspective on a complex polymorphic inversion system with cytological evidence of multiply reused breakpoints. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 114:610-8. [PMID: 25712227 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome sequence comparison across the Drosophila genus revealed that some fixed inversion breakpoints had been multiply reused at this long timescale. Cytological studies of Drosophila inversion polymorphism had previously shown that, also at this shorter timescale, some breakpoints had been multiply reused. The paucity of molecularly characterized polymorphic inversion breakpoints has so far precluded contrasting whether cytologically shared breakpoints of these relatively young inversions are actually reused at the molecular level. The E chromosome of Drosophila subobscura stands out because it presents several inversion complexes. This is the case of the E1+2+9+3 arrangement that originated from the ancestral Est arrangement through the sequential accumulation of four inversions (E1, E2, E9 and E3) sharing some breakpoints. We recently identified the breakpoints of inversions E1 and E2, which allowed establishing reuse at the molecular level of the cytologically shared breakpoint of these inversions. Here, we identified and sequenced the breakpoints of inversions E9 and E3, because they share breakpoints at sections 58D and 64C with those of inversions E1 and E2. This has allowed establishing that E9 and E3 originated through the staggered-break mechanism. Most importantly, sequence comparison has revealed the multiple reuse at the molecular level of the proximal breakpoint (section 58D), which would have been used at least by inversions E2, E9 and E3. In contrast, the distal breakpoint (section 64C) might have been only reused once by inversions E1 and E2, because the distal E3 breakpoint is displaced >70 kb from the other breakpoint limits.
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Drosophila Small Heat Shock Proteins: An Update on Their Features and Functions. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Small changes in gene expression of targeted osmoregulatory genes when exposing marine and freshwater threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to abrupt salinity transfers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106894. [PMID: 25265477 PMCID: PMC4180258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the key factors that affects metabolism, survival and distribution of fish species, as all fish osmoregulate and euryhaline fish maintain osmotic differences between their extracellular fluid and either freshwater or seawater. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a euryhaline species with populations in both marine and freshwater environments, where the physiological and genomic basis for salinity tolerance adaptation is not fully understood. Therefore, our main objective in this study was to investigate gene expression of three targeted osmoregulatory genes (Na+/K+-ATPase (ATPA13), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and a voltage gated potassium channel gene (KCNH4) and one stress related heat shock protein gene (HSP70)) in gill tissue from marine and freshwater populations when exposed to non-native salinity for periods ranging from five minutes to three weeks. Overall, the targeted genes showed highly plastic expression profiles, in addition the expression of ATP1A3 was slightly higher in saltwater adapted fish and KCNH4 and HSP70 had slightly higher expression in freshwater. As no pronounced changes were observed in the expression profiles of the targeted genes, this indicates that the osmoregulatory apparatuses of both the marine and landlocked freshwater stickleback population have not been environmentally canalized, but are able to respond plastically to abrupt salinity challenges.
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Dunning LT, Dennis AB, Sinclair BJ, Newcomb RD, Buckley TR. Divergent transcriptional responses to low temperature among populations of alpine and lowland species of New Zealand stick insects (Micrarchus). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2712-26. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke T. Dunning
- Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170 Auckland New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Alice B. Dennis
- Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170 Auckland New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada N6G 1L3
| | - Richard D. Newcomb
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Palmerston North New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited; Private Bag 92169 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Thomas R. Buckley
- Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170 Auckland New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; Palmerston North New Zealand
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Cockerell FE, Sgrò CM, McKechnie SW. Latitudinal clines in heat tolerance, protein synthesis rate and transcript level of a candidate gene in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 60:136-144. [PMID: 24333150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of climatic adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster is highlighted by the presence of latitudinal clines in several quantitative traits, particularly clines in adult heat knockdown tolerance that is higher in tropical populations. However the presence of latitudinal patterns in physiological characteristics that may underlie these traits have rarely been assessed. Protein synthesis has been implicated as an important physiological process that influences thermal tolerance, and this has not been examined in a clinal context. Here, we characterise latitudinal variation in D. melanogaster from eastern Australia in both adult heat knockdown tolerance and rates of protein synthesis following rearing at both 25 °C, approximating summer conditions, and 18 °C approximating winter development. We also examined clinal variation in the predominant nuclear transcript of the heat-inducible RNA gene hsr-omega, which has been implicated in regulating protein synthesis. We find significant clines in heat-hardened tolerance when cultured at both 18 and 25 °C - tolerance increased towards the low latitude tropics. Rates of protein synthesis measured in ovarian tissue also associated negatively with latitude, however the presence of the clines depended on rearing temperature and heat stress conditions. Finally, omega-n levels measured without heat stress showed a positive linear cline. When measured after a mild heat stress higher levels of omega-n were detected and the clinal pattern became parabolic - mid-latitude populations had lower levels of the transcript. While congruent latitudinal trends were detected for these three traits, only a low level of positive association was detected between protein synthesis and thermal tolerance providing little evidence that these traits are related at the level of cellular physiology. However the new clinal patterns of protein synthesis and hsr-omega variation suggest that these variables exert important influences on traits involved with latitudinal climatic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Cockerell
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton 3800, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen W McKechnie
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton 3800, Melbourne, Australia
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Capacity for protein synthesis following heat stimulus of Drosophila associates with heat tolerance but does not underlie the latitudinal tolerance cline. J Therm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pegueroles C, Aquadro CF, Mestres F, Pascual M. Gene flow and gene flux shape evolutionary patterns of variation in Drosophila subobscura. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 110:520-9. [PMID: 23321709 PMCID: PMC3656635 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2012.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow (defined as allele exchange between populations) and gene flux (defined as allele exchange during meiosis in heterokaryotypic females) are important factors decreasing genetic differentiation between populations and inversions. Many chromosomal inversions are under strong selection and their role in recombination reduction enhances the maintenance of their genetic distinctness. Here we analyze levels and patterns of nucleotide diversity, selection and demographic history, using 37 individuals of Drosophila subobscura from Mount Parnes (Greece) and Barcelona (Spain). Our sampling focused on two frequent O-chromosome arrangements that differ by two overlapping inversions (OST and O(3+4)), which are differentially adapted to the environment as observed by their opposing latitudinal clines in inversion frequencies. The six analyzed genes (Pif1A, Abi, Sqd, Yrt, Atpα and Fmr1) were selected for their location across the O-chromosome and their implication in thermal adaptation. Despite the extensive gene flux detected outside the inverted region, significant genetic differentiation between both arrangements was found inside it. However, high levels of gene flow were detected for all six genes when comparing the same arrangement among populations. These results suggest that the adaptive value of inversions is maintained, regardless of the lack of genetic differentiation within arrangements from different populations, and thus favors the Local Adaptation hypothesis over the Coadapted Genome hypothesis as the basis of the selection acting on inversions in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pegueroles
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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Riveron J, Boto T, Alcorta E. Transcriptional basis of the acclimation to high environmental temperature at the olfactory receptor organs of Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:259. [PMID: 23590196 PMCID: PMC3653700 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental temperature directly affects the concentrations of chemicals in the gas phase. Therefore, if the olfactory system does not physiologically adapt to environmental conditions, it may provide inadequate information about the distance to or direction of odor sources. Previous reports have shown at the behavioral level that temperature induces changes in olfactory sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. These changes are initiated in the main olfactory receptor organs, the antennae. In this work, we attempted to identify the particular genes responsible for olfactory adaptation to increasing temperatures in these organs based on current knowledge of the molecular basis of olfactory reception. Results Whole-genome transcriptional responses to transitory temperature shifts from 21-30°C were analyzed in the third antennal segments of Drosophila. More than 53% of the genome was expressed in these organs; this percentage increased slightly (55%) after heat treatment. However, the expression levels increased for 26%, decreased for 21% and remained constant for 53% of the expressed genes. Analysis of the changes produced in 389 genes related to heat response and olfactory reception, according to the current functional annotations of the Drosophila gene set, showed significant differences in 95 of these genes, which are involved in the heat response (23), perireceptor events in olfaction (50), olfactory and gustatory receptors (18) and G-proteins and transduction cascades (4). Conclusions Gene expression was altered in response to environmental heat in the antennae of Drosophila by increasing or decreasing expression. Different acclimation patterns emerged for reception through the basiconic, trichoid and coeloconic sensilla. Changes in genes with a central role in olfactory reception, such as orco, may account for part of the acclimation reported at the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Riveron
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
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Dunning LT, Dennis AB, Park D, Sinclair BJ, Newcomb RD, Buckley TR. Identification of cold-responsive genes in a New Zealand alpine stick insect using RNA-Seq. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2013; 8:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Storey KB, Storey JM. Insect cold hardiness: metabolic, gene, and protein adaptation1This review is part of a virtual symposium on recent advances in understanding a variety of complex regulatory processes in insect physiology and endocrinology, including development, metabolism, cold hardiness, food intake and digestion, and diuresis, through the use of omics technologies in the postgenomic era. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Winter survival for thousands of species of insects relies on adaptive strategies for cold hardiness. Two basic mechanisms are widely used (freeze avoidance by deep supercooling and freeze tolerance where insects endure ice formation in extracellular fluid spaces), whereas additional strategies (cryoprotective dehydration, vitrification) are also used by some polar species in extreme environments. This review assesses recent research on the biochemical adaptations that support insect cold hardiness. We examine new information about the regulation of cryoprotectant biosynthesis, mechanisms of metabolic rate depression, role of aquaporins in water and glycerol movement, and cell preservation strategies (chaperones, antioxidant defenses and metal binding proteins, mitochondrial suppression) for survival over the winter. We also review the new information coming from the use of genomic and proteomic screening methods that are greatly widening the scope for discovery of genes and proteins that support winter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Janet M. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Colinet H, Larvor V, Laparie M, Renault D. Exploring the plastic response to cold acclimation through metabolomics. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bing X, Zhang J, Sinclair BJ. A comparison of Frost expression among species and life stages of Drosophila. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 21:31-39. [PMID: 21955087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Frost (Fst) is a gene associated with cold exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. We used real-time PCR to assess whether cold exposure induces expression of Fst in 10 different life stages of D. melanogaster, and adults of seven other Drosophila species. We exposed groups of individuals to 0 °C (2 h), followed by 1 h recovery (22 °C). Frost was significantly upregulated in response to cold in eggs, third instar larvae, and 2- and 5-day-old male and female adults in D. melanogaster. Life stages in which cold did not upregulate Fst had high constitutive expression. Frost is located on the opposite strand of an intron of Diuretic hormone (DH), but cold exposure did not upregulate DH. Frost orthologues were identified in six other species within the Melanogaster group (Drosophila sechellia, Drosophila simulans, Drosophila yakuba, Drosophila erecta, Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila mauritiana). Frost orthologues were upregulated in response to cold exposure in both sexes in adults of all of these species. The predicted structure of a putative Frost consensus protein shows highly conserved tandem repeats of motifs involved in cell signalling (PEST and TRAF2), suggesting that Fst might encode an adaptor protein involved in acute stress or apoptosis signalling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bing
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Zhang J, Marshall KE, Westwood JT, Clark MS, Sinclair BJ. Divergent transcriptomic responses to repeated and single cold exposures in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:4021-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.059535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Insects in the field are exposed to multiple bouts of cold, and there is increasing evidence that the fitness consequences of repeated cold exposure differ from the impacts of a single cold exposure. We tested the hypothesis that different kinds of cold exposure (in this case, single short, prolonged and repeated cold exposure) would result in differential gene expression. We exposed 3 day old adult female wild-type Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to –0.5°C for a single 2 h exposure, a single 10 h exposure, or five 2 h exposures on consecutive days, and extracted RNA after 6 h of recovery. Global gene expression was quantified using an oligonucleotide microarray and validated with real-time PCR using different biological replicates. We identified 76 genes upregulated in response to multiple cold exposure, 69 in response to prolonged cold exposure and 20 genes upregulated in response to a single short cold exposure, with a small amount of overlap between treatments. Three genes – Turandot A, Hephaestus and CG11374 – were upregulated in response to all three cold exposure treatments. Key functional groups upregulated include genes associated with muscle structure and function, the immune response, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism and egg production. We conclude that cold exposure has wide-ranging effects on gene expression in D. melanogaster and that increased duration or frequency of cold exposure has impacts different to those of a single short cold exposure. This has important implications for extrapolating laboratory studies of insect overwintering that are based on only a single cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Katie E. Marshall
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - J. Timothy Westwood
- Canadian Drosophila Microarray Centre, Department of Biology, The University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Melody S. Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB1 9XU, UK
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Santos M, Castañeda LE, Rezende EL. Making sense of heat tolerance estimates in ectotherms: lessons from Drosophila. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zivanovic G, Mestres F. Changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: The case of Drosophila subobscura from Apatin (Serbia). Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:489-95. [PMID: 21931524 PMCID: PMC3168192 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, chromosomal inversion polymorphism data for a natural population of Drosophila subobscura from a swampy region near the town of Apatin (Serbia) were compared with data for the same population collected approximately 15 years earlier. The pattern of chromosomal inversion polymorphism changed over time. There were significant increases in the frequency of characteristic southern latitude (“warm” adapted) chromosomal arrangements and significant decreases in the frequency of characteristic northern latitude (“cold” adapted) chromosomal arrangements in the O and U chromosomes. The chromosomal arrangements O3+4 and O3+4+22 (derived from the O3+4 arrangement) showed significant increases in 2008 and 2009 with regard to the 1994 sample. There was also a significant increase (∼50%) in the U1+2 arrangement, while U1+8+2 (a typical southern arrangement) was detected for the first time. Since the Apatin swampy population of D. subobscura has existed for a long time in a stable habitat with high humidity that has not been changed by man our results indicate that natural selection has produced chromosomal changes in response to the increase in temperature that has occurred in the Balkan Peninsula of central southeastern European.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Zivanovic
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Cassone BJ, Molloy MJ, Cheng C, Tan JC, Hahn MW, Besansky NJ. Divergent transcriptional response to thermal stress by Anopheles gambiae larvae carrying alternative arrangements of inversion 2La. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2567-80. [PMID: 21535279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is polymorphic for chromosomal inversion 2La, whose frequency strongly correlates with degree of aridity across environmental gradients. Recent physiological studies have associated 2La with resistance to desiccation in adults and thermal stress in larvae, consistent with its proposed role in aridity tolerance. However, the genetic basis of these traits remains unknown. To identify genes that could be involved in the differential response to thermal stress, we compared global gene expression profiles of heat-hardened 2La or 2L+(a) larvae at three time points, for up to eight hours following exposure to the heat stress. Treatment and control time series, replicated four times, revealed a common and massive induction of a core set of heat-shock genes regardless of 2La orientation. However, clear differences between the 2La and 2L+(a) arrangements emerged at the earliest (0.25 h) time point, in the intensity and nature of the stress response. Overall, 2La was associated with the more aggressive response: larger numbers of genes were heat responsive and up-regulated. Transcriptionally induced genes were enriched for functions related to ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation, chaperoning and energy metabolism. The more muted transcriptional response of 2L+(a) was largely repressive, including genes involved in proteolysis and energy metabolism. These results may help explain the maintenance of the 2La inversion polymorphism in An. gambiae, as the survival benefits offered by high thermal sensitivity in harsh climates could be offset by the metabolic costs of such a drastic response in more equable climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Cassone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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ZHAN JIASUI, McDONALD BRUCEA. Thermal adaptation in the fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1689-701. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Johnson TK, Cockerell FE, McKechnie SW. Transcripts from the Drosophila heat-shock gene hsr-omega influence rates of protein synthesis but hardly affect resistance to heat knockdown. Mol Genet Genomics 2011; 285:313-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arboleda-Bustos CE, Segarra C. The Dca Gene Involved in Cold Adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster Arose by Duplication of the Ancestral regucalcin Gene. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28:2185-95. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Dolgova O, Rego C, Calabria G, Balanyà J, Pascual M, Rezende EL, Santos M. Genetic constraints for thermal coadaptation in Drosophila subobscura. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:363. [PMID: 21108788 PMCID: PMC3003277 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behaviour has been traditionally viewed as a driver of subsequent evolution because behavioural adjustments expose organisms to novel environments, which may result in a correlated evolution on other traits. In Drosophila subobscura, thermal preference and heat tolerance are linked to chromosomal inversion polymorphisms that show parallel latitudinal clines worldwide, such that "cold-climate" ("warm-climate") chromosome arrangements collectively favour a coherent response to colder (warmer) settings as flies carrying them prefer colder (warmer) conditions and have lower (higher) knock out temperatures. Yet, it is not clear whether a genetic correlation between thermal preference and heat tolerance can partially underlie such response. Results We have analyzed the genetic basis of thermal preference and heat tolerance using isochromosomal lines in D. subobscura. Chromosome arrangements on the O chromosome were known to have a biometrical effect on thermal preference in a laboratory temperature gradient, and also harbour several genes involved in the heat shock response; in particular, the genes Hsp68 and Hsp70. Our results corroborate that arrangements on chromosome O affect adult thermal preference in a laboratory temperature gradient, with cold-climate Ost carriers displaying a lower thermal preference than their warm-climate O3+4 and O3+4+8 counterparts. However, these chromosome arrangements did not have any effect on adult heat tolerance and, hence, we putatively discard a genetic covariance between both traits arising from linkage disequilibrium between genes affecting thermal preference and candidate genes for heat shock resistance. Nonetheless, a possible association of juvenile thermal preference and heat resistance warrants further analysis. Conclusions Thermal preference and heat tolerance in the isochromosomal lines of D. subobscura appear to be genetically independent, which might potentially prevent a coherent response of behaviour and physiology (i.e., coadaptation) to thermal selection. If this pattern is general to all chromosomes, then any correlation between thermal preference and heat resistance across latitudinal gradients would likely reflect a pattern of correlated selection rather than genetic correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dolgova
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Functional characterization of the Frost gene in Drosophila melanogaster: importance for recovery from chill coma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10925. [PMID: 20532197 PMCID: PMC2880008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Almost all animals, including insects, need to adapt to temperature fluctuations. The molecular basis of thermal adaptation is not well understood, although a number of candidate genes have been proposed. However, a functional link between candidate genes and thermal tolerance has rarely been established. The gene Frost (Fst) was first discovered when Drosophila flies were exposed to cold stress, but the biological function(s) of Fst has so far not been characterized. Because Fst is up-regulated after a cold stress, we tested whether it was essential for chill-coma recovery. Methodology/Principal Findings A marked increase in Fst expression was detected (by RT-PCR) during recovery from cold stress, peaking at 42-fold after 2 h. The GAL4/UAS system was used to knock down expression of Fst and recovery ability was assessed in transgenic adults following 12 h of chill coma at 0°C. The ability to recover from cold stress (short-, medium- and long-term) was significantly altered in the transgenic adults that had Fst silenced. These findings show that Fst plays an essential role in the recovery from chill coma in both males and females. Conclusions/Significance The Frost gene is essential for cold tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster and may play an important role in thermal adaptation.
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Montero-Barrientos M, Hermosa R, Cardoza RE, Gutiérrez S, Nicolás C, Monte E. Transgenic expression of the Trichoderma harzianum hsp70 gene increases Arabidopsis resistance to heat and other abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:659-65. [PMID: 20080316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of some Trichoderma strains, a biological control agent, to overcome extreme environmental conditions has previously been reported and related to heat-shock proteins (HSPs). These proteins are induced environmentally and are involved in important processes, acting as molecular chaperones in all organisms. In a previous study, we demonstrated, by overexpression, that the Trichoderma harzianum hsp70 gene conferred tolerance to heat and other abiotic stresses to this fungus. In this work, we investigate the function of the T. harzianum T34 hsp70 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. We analyze transgenic plant responses under adverse environmental conditions and the expression levels of a set of seven stress genes, using quantitative RT-PCR. As expected, transgenic plants expressing the T. harzianum hsp70 gene exhibited enhanced tolerance to heat stress. In addition, they did not show growth inhibition and, after heat pre-treatment, transgenic seedlings were more tolerant to osmotic, salt and oxidative stresses with respect to the wild-type behavior. Transgenic lines also had increased transcript levels of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 (SOS1) and ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) genes, involved in salt and oxidative stress responses, respectively. However, the heat-shock factor (HSF) and four HSP genes tested were down-regulated in 35S:hsp70 plants. Overall, our results indicate that hsp70 confers tolerance to heat and other abiotic stresses and that the fungal HSP70 protein acts as a negative regulator of the HSF transcriptional activity in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montero-Barrientos
- Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Río Duero 12, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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Riveron J, Boto T, Alcorta E. The effect of environmental temperature on olfactory perception in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 55:943-951. [PMID: 19559705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction provides chemical information to an animal about its environment. When environmental conditions change, individuals should be able to adequately maintain function. Temperature may influence olfaction in a double manner, as it modifies the concentrations of gaseous compounds and affects biological processes. Here, we address acclimatization to environmental temperature in the olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster using heat and cold treatments. Because the consequences of temperature shifts persist for some time after the treatment's end, comparison of olfactory behaviors at the same temperature in treated and untreated flies allows us to infer the biological effects of temperature in olfaction. At intermediate odorant concentrations heat always generates a reduction of olfactory sensitivity, as they would be expected to compensate for the increase of volatiles in the air. Cold produces the opposite effect. These changes are observed in both sexes and in natural populations as well as in standard laboratory stocks. Short applications suffice to cause detectable olfactory perception changes, but even prolonged temperature treatments have only a transitory effect. Together, these results suggest that olfaction in Drosophila underlies acclimatization to environmental temperature. However, sensitivity changes are not immediate and may cause imperfect adjustment of olfactory function for short time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Riveron
- Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Johnson TK, Cockerell FE, Carrington LB, Rako L, Hoffmann AA, McKechnie SW. The capacity of Drosophila to heat harden associates with low rates of heat-shocked protein synthesis. J Therm Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rego C, Balanyà J, Fragata I, Matos M, Rezende EL, Santos M. Clinal patterns of chromosomal inversion polymorphisms in Drosophila subobscura are partly associated with thermal preferences and heat stress resistance. Evolution 2009; 64:385-97. [PMID: 19744119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Latitudinal clines in the frequency of various chromosomal inversions are well documented in Drosophila subobscura. Because these clines are roughly parallel on three continents, they have undoubtedly evolved by natural selection. Here, we address whether individuals carrying different chromosomal arrangements also vary in their thermal preferences (T(p)) and heat stress tolerance (T(ko)). Our results show that although T(p) and T(ko) were uncorrelated, flies carrying "cold-adapted" gene arrangements tended to choose lower temperatures in the laboratory or had a lower heat stress tolerance, in line with what could be expected from the natural patterns. Different chromosomes were mainly responsible for the underlying genetic variation in both traits, which explains why they are linearly independent. Assuming T(p) corresponds closely with temperatures that maximize fitness our results are consistent with previous laboratory natural selection experiments showing that thermal optimum diverged among thermal lines, and that chromosomes correlated with T(p) differences responded to selection as predicted here. Also consistent with data from the regular tracking of the inversion polymorphism since the colonization of the Americas by D. subobscura, we tentatively conclude that selection on tolerance to thermal extremes is more important in the evolution and dynamics of clinal patterns than the relatively "minor" adjustments from behavioral thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rego
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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Telonis-Scott M, Hallas R, McKechnie SW, Wee CW, Hoffmann AA. Selection for cold resistance alters gene transcript levels in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 55:549-555. [PMID: 19232407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays have been used to examine changes in gene expression underlying responses to selection for increased stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster, but changes in expression patterns associated with increased resistance to cold stress have not been previously reported. Here we describe such changes in basal expression levels in replicate lines following selection for increased resistance to chill coma stress. We found significant up- or down-regulation of expression in 94 genes on the Affymetrix Genome 2.0 array. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm changes in expression of six genes. Some of the identified genes had previously been associated with stress resistance but no previously identified candidate genes for cold resistance showed altered patterns of expression. Seven differentially expressed genes that form a tight chromosomal cluster and an unlinked gene AnnX may be potentially important for cold adaptation in natural populations. Artificial selection for chill coma resistance therefore altered basal patterns of gene expression, but we failed to link these changes to plastic changes in expression under cold stress or to previously identified candidate genes for components of cold resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Telonis-Scott
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Hoffmann AA, Rieseberg LH. Revisiting the Impact of Inversions in Evolution: From Population Genetic Markers to Drivers of Adaptive Shifts and Speciation? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2008; 39:21-42. [PMID: 20419035 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that chromosome inversions affect rates of adaptation, speciation, and the evolution of sex chromosomes. Comparative genomic studies have identified many new paracentric inversion polymorphisms. Population models suggest that inversions can spread by reducing recombination between alleles that independently increase fitness, without epistasis or coadaptation. Areas of linkage disequilibrium extend across large inversions but may be interspersed by areas with little disequilibrium. Genes located within inversions are associated with a variety of traits including those involved in climatic adaptation. Inversion polymorphisms may contribute to speciation by generating underdominance owing to inviable gametes, but an alternative view gaining support is that inversions facilitate speciation by reducing recombination, protecting genomic regions from introgression. Likewise, inversions may facilitate the evolution of sex chromosomes by reducing recombination between sex determining alleles and alleles with sex-specific effects. However, few genes within inversions responsible for fitness effects or speciation have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary A Hoffmann
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia;
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Montero-Barrientos M, Hermosa R, Nicolás C, Cardoza RE, Gutiérrez S, Monte E. Overexpression of a Trichoderma HSP70 gene increases fungal resistance to heat and other abiotic stresses. Fungal Genet Biol 2008; 45:1506-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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