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Bolek MG, Detwiler JT, Stigge HA. Selected Wildlife Trematodes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:391-440. [PMID: 39008272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The trematodes are a species-rich group of parasites, with some estimates suggesting that there are more than 24,000 species. However, the complexities associated with their taxonomic status and nomenclature can hinder explorations of the biology of wildlife trematodes, including fundamental aspects such as host use, life cycle variation, pathology, and disease. In this chapter, we review work on selected trematodes of amphibians, birds, mammals, and their snail intermediate hosts, with the goal of providing a tool kit on how to study trematodes of wildlife. We provide a brief introduction to each group of wildlife trematodes, followed by some examples of the challenges each group of trematodes has relative to the goal of their identification and understanding of the biology and interactions these organisms have with their wildlife hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bolek
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Jillian T Detwiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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2
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Hofman S, Grego J, Beran L, Jaszczyńska A, Osikowski A, Falniowski A. Kerkia Radoman, 1978 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): endemism, apparently morphostatic evolution and cryptic speciation. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2022.2129943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofman
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Luboš Beran
- Regional Office Kokořínsko – Máchův kraj Protected Landscape Area Administration, Mělník, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandra Jaszczyńska
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Falniowski
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Kneubühler J, Baggenstos M, Neubert E. On the verge of extinction - revision of a highly endangered Swiss alpine snail with description of a new genus, Raeticella gen. nov. (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hygromiidae). Zookeys 2022; 1104:69-91. [PMID: 36761925 PMCID: PMC9848827 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1104.82866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic status of the alpine land snail Fruticicolabiconica has remained questionable since it was described by Eder in 1917. Considered a microendemic species from mountain tops in Central Switzerland, the shell is specially adapted for life under stones. Herein, we show via molecular and anatomical investigations that F.biconica neither belongs to the land snail genus Trochulus, nor to any other genus within Trochulini, but rather warrants placement within the newly established genus Raeticella Kneubühler, Baggenstos & Neubert, 2022. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that R.biconica is clearly separated from Trochulus. These findings are supported by morphological investigations of the shell and genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Kneubühler
- Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Markus Baggenstos
- Oekologische Beratung Markus Baggenstos, Tottikonstrasse 48, 6370 Stans, SwitzerlandOekologische Beratung Markus BaggenstosStansSwitzerland
| | - Eike Neubert
- Natural History Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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4
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Somoza-Valdeolmillos E, Gómez-Moliner BJ, Caro A, Chueca LJ, Martínez-Ortí A, Puente AI, Madeira MJ. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Chondrina (Gastropoda, Panpulmonata, Chondrinidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 172:107480. [PMID: 35452839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondrina Reichenbach, 1828 is a highly diverse genus of terrestrial molluscs currently including 44 species with about 28 subspecific taxa. It is distributed through North Africa, central and southern Europe, from Portugal in the West to the Caucasus and Asia Minor in the East. Approximately 70% of the species are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula constituting its main center of speciation with 34 species. This genus includes many microendemic taxa, some of them not yet described, confined to limestone habitats (being strictly rock-dwelling species). They are distributed on rocky outcrops up to 2000 m.a.s.l. It is a genus of conical-fusiform snails that differ mainly in shell characters and in the number and position of teeth in their aperture. So far, molecular studies on Chondrina have been based exclusively on the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I region (COI). These studies gave a first view of the phylogeny of the genus but many inner nodes were not statistically supported. The main objective of the study is to obtain a better understanding of the phylogeny and systematics of the genus Chondrina on the Iberian Peninsula, using multilocus molecular analysis. Partial sequences of the COI and 16S rRNA genes, as well as of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1-5.8S) and Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (5.8S-ITS2-28S) were obtained from individuals of all the extant Chondrina species known from the Iberian Peninsula. In addition to this, the newly obtained COI sequences were combined with those previously published in the GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The reconstructed phylogenies showed high values of support for more recent branches and basal nodes. Moreover, molecular species delimitation allowed to better definethe studied species and check the presence of new taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Somoza-Valdeolmillos
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain.
| | - Benjamín J Gómez-Moliner
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
| | - Amaia Caro
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
| | - Luis J Chueca
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alberto Martínez-Ortí
- Museu Valencià d'Història Natural, Apto. 8460, E-46018, Valencia and Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parasitology Departament, Burjassot, Valencia, (Spain)
| | - Ana I Puente
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48015 Leioa, Spain
| | - María J Madeira
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology: Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
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5
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Hofman S, A D Cameron R, Proćków M, Sîrbu I, Osikowski A, Rysiewska A, Sokół M, Falniowski A. Two new pseudocryptic species in the medium-sized common European land snails, Fruticicola Held, 1838; as a result of phylogeographic analysis of Fruticicola fruticum (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Camaenidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 168:107402. [PMID: 35031469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fruticicola fruticum (O. F. Müller, 1774), a medium-sized helicoid snail in the Bradybaenidae, has a wide range in Europe, reaching from the Urals and the Caucasus to the Balkans, and from the southern part of Scandinavia, through Central Europe to eastern and central France and northern Italy. There are numerous studies on its distribution, biology, life cycle, etc., but little is known about the genetic diversity of this taxon. Here, we studied the phylogeny and phylogeography of F. fruticum using two mitochondrial markers: cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S); and four nuclear markers: 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2), and histone 3 (H3). The study was based on 59 populations sampled across the range. Whereas nuclear markers showed little differentiation, phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences clearly confirmed the distinctness of the European Fruticicola and Asian Bradybaena (p-distance 0.229). Within Fruticicola 54 haplotypes were detected, haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.973±0.006, nucleotide diversity (π) = 0.137±0.005. ABGD and PTP delimitation analyzes distinguished eight mOTUs. Two sequences (our mOTU C) from Russia were published in the GenBank as two distinct species: F. schrenckii and F. transbaicalia. Seven further mOTUs identified in our study formed three distinct lineages, regarded as species. The first (mOTU A and mOTU B), represented by 40 populations, occupies a wide range across northern and central Europe, extending east to Ukraine and south to northern Croatia (mOTU B). It encompasses the type locality of F. fruticum, and can be recognized as F. fruticum sensu stricto. Another lineage (mOTU D and mOTU E), represented by six populations in central Romania, appears to form another species. Both mOTUs were found together in one population. A third lineage, containing mOTUs F, G and H, represented by 14 populations, was distributed across the Balkans from N.E. Croatia to Bulgaria. p-distances between the three species ranged from 0.172 to 0.219, and between all the mOTUs, pooled together, from 0.172 to 0.258. The highest genetic diversity was found in species 3 (0.112) and the lowest in species 1 (0.025), despite its largest geographic distribution. Pairwise p-distances, Tamura 3-parameter distances, composite likelihood distances, as well as the coancestry coefficient FST, calculated for all populations pooled together were significantly associated with geographic distance, but this was not the case within each of these three species. The significant association for all populations reflected high diversity between the species coupled with high geographic distances between their populations, not the character of intraspecies diversity. With a few exceptions, there hold a rather infinite island model with low migration. AMOVA detected 78% of the variance between the three species, 18% among populations within the species, and only 3.6% within the populations. The low genetic diversity of widespread F. fruticum s. stricto, compared with much higher diversity of two narrowly distributed newly found species of Fruticicola, may reflect the rapid spread of the former into previously uninhabitable regions, while the latter were able to maintain populations in glacial refugia. The estimated time of divergence between the three species, 1.7-2.19 mya, suggests their ancestors' isolation in southern European refugia during the lower Pleistocene, the Gelasian/Calabrian. There was no clear association of variation in shell morphology and lineage or mOTU identity; on external characters, these species are semicryptic, subtle differences in reproductive anatomy among them were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofman
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Robert A D Cameron
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom, and Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Małgorzata Proćków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ioan Sîrbu
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, 5-7 Dr. I. Rațiu St., 550012 Sibiu, Romania.
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Rysiewska
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Sokół
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Falniowski
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Hernández-Hernández T, Miller EC, Román-Palacios C, Wiens JJ. Speciation across the Tree of Life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1205-1242. [PMID: 33768723 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of what we know about speciation comes from detailed studies of well-known model systems. Although there have been several important syntheses on speciation, few (if any) have explicitly compared speciation among major groups across the Tree of Life. Here, we synthesize and compare what is known about key aspects of speciation across taxa, including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and major animal groups. We focus on three main questions. Is allopatric speciation predominant across groups? How common is ecological divergence of sister species (a requirement for ecological speciation), and on what niche axes do species diverge in each group? What are the reproductive isolating barriers in each group? Our review suggests the following patterns. (i) Based on our survey and projected species numbers, the most frequent speciation process across the Tree of Life may be co-speciation between endosymbiotic bacteria and their insect hosts. (ii) Allopatric speciation appears to be present in all major groups, and may be the most common mode in both animals and plants, based on non-overlapping ranges of sister species. (iii) Full sympatry of sister species is also widespread, and may be more common in fungi than allopatry. (iv) Full sympatry of sister species is more common in some marine animals than in terrestrial and freshwater ones. (v) Ecological divergence of sister species is widespread in all groups, including ~70% of surveyed species pairs of plants and insects. (vi) Major axes of ecological divergence involve species interactions (e.g. host-switching) and habitat divergence. (vii) Prezygotic isolation appears to be generally more widespread and important than postzygotic isolation. (viii) Rates of diversification (and presumably speciation) are strikingly different across groups, with the fastest rates in plants, and successively slower rates in animals, fungi, and protists, with the slowest rates in prokaryotes. Overall, our study represents an initial step towards understanding general patterns in speciation across all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A.,Catedrática CONACYT asignada a LANGEBIO-UGA Cinvestav, Libramiento Norte Carretera León Km 9.6, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth C Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - Cristian Román-Palacios
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
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7
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Bamberger S, Duda M, Tribsch A, Haring E, Sattmann H, Macek O, Affenzeller M, Kruckenhauser L. Genome-wide nuclear data confirm two species in the Alpine endemic land snail Noricella oreinos s.l. (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020; 58:982-1004. [PMID: 34853493 PMCID: PMC8609433 DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Austrian endemic land snail species Noricella oreinos (formerly Trochulus oreinos) occurs in the Northeastern Calcareous Alps at high elevations. Two morphologically highly similar subspecies N. o. oreinos and N. o. scheerpeltzi have been described. First analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear marker sequences indicated a high genetic divergence between them. In the present study, we aimed to assess gene flow between the two subspecies which should help to re-evaluate their taxonomic status. Sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers of 255 Noricella specimens covering the whole distribution range were analyzed. A clear geographic separation was found within the potential contact zone, the Haller Mauern mountain range. Samples of all western sites were part of the clade representing N. o. scheerpeltzi and almost all samples from the eastern sites clustered with N. o. oreinos. However, within two sampling sites of the eastern Haller Mauern, a few individuals possessed a COI sequence matching the N. o. oreinos clade whereas at the ITS2 locus they were heterozygous possessing the alleles of both taxa. Contrary to the ITS2 results indicating historical and/or ongoing hybridization, AFLP analyses of 202 individuals confirmed a clear separation of the two taxa congruent with the mitochondrial data. Although they occur on the same mountain range without any physical barrier, no indication of ongoing gene flow between the two taxa was found. Thus, we conclude that the two taxa are separate species N. oreinos and N. scheerpeltzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Bamberger
- Central Research LaboratoriesNatural History Museum ViennaViennaAustria
- Zoological MuseumCenter of Natural HistoryUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Michael Duda
- Third Zoological DepartmentNatural History Museum ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Tribsch
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Central Research LaboratoriesNatural History Museum ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Integrative ZoologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- Third Zoological DepartmentNatural History Museum ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Oliver Macek
- Central Research LaboratoriesNatural History Museum ViennaViennaAustria
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8
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Proćków M, Kuźnik‐Kowalska E, Pieńkowska JR, Żeromska A, Mackiewicz P. Speciation in sympatric species of land snails from the genus
Trochulus
(Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elżbieta Kuźnik‐Kowalska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Żeromska
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
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9
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Mason K, Fehér Z, Bamberger S, Reier S, Szekeres M, Sattmann H, Kruckenhauser L, De Mattia W, Haring E. New insights into and limitations of the molecular phylogeny in the taxon‐rich land snail genus Montenegrina(Mollusca: Gastropoda: Clausiliidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mason
- 3rd Zoological Department Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Zoltán Fehér
- 3rd Zoological Department Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
- Department of Zoology Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest Hungary
| | - Sonja Bamberger
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
- Center of Natural History University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Susanne Reier
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
| | - Miklós Szekeres
- Department of Zoology Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest Hungary
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- 3rd Zoological Department Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
| | | | - Willy De Mattia
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Central Research Laboratories Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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10
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D'Ávila S, Simone LRL, Cappa de Oliveira LF, Charles L, Maestrati P. Rediscovery of Obeliscus agassizi Pilsbry, 1906 (Gastropoda, Subulinidae, Obeliscinae), annotated checklist of species of Obeliscus Beck, 1837 and first description of the anatomy for the genus. ZOOSYSTEMA 2020. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema20v42a12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sthefane D'Ávila
- Museu de Malacologia Prof. Maury Pinto de Oliveira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Minas Gerais (Brazil)
| | - Luiz Ricardo L. Simone
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, 04218-970 São Paulo (Brazil) ;
| | - Luiz Fernando Cappa de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Minas Gerais (Brazil)
| | - Laurent Charles
- Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, 5 place Bardineaux, F-33000 Bordeaux (France)
| | - Philippe Maestrati
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris Direction générale déléguée aux Collections, pôle Expédition case postale 51, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
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11
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Selected Wildlife Trematodes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:321-355. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Proćków M, Proćków J, Błażej P, Mackiewicz P. The influence of habitat preferences on shell morphology in ecophenotypes of Trochulus hispidus complex. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1036-1043. [PMID: 29554725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trochulus hispidus and T. sericeus are hairy snails widely distributed in Europe. They differ in shell morphology and are usually found in various land habitats. However, their morphology does not match genetic distance as they do not form distinct clades. Therefore, it is interesting to determine to what extent environmental factors can control their phenotypes. We analysed the morphological traits and many environmental features of their habitats to find relationships between these parameters and explain ecological reasons for this plasticity. We found many statistically significant correlations between morphological traits and environmental variables. Illumination, forestation, precipitation and temperature occurred the most important features discriminating habitats of these snails. It turned out that T. sericeus prefers forests and moist shaded places, while T. hispidus chooses more dry habitats and open areas exposed to the sun. T. sericeus is also probably more tolerant to low and variable temperatures. The hair durability is also correlated with their habitats: the shell of T. hispidus is mostly hairless but hairs almost always cover the shell of T. sericeus. These results support the hypothesis that the lack of hairs is associated with the loss of a potential adaptive function due to the change from wet to dry habitats. The hairs facilitate the adherence of snails to herbaceous plants during feeding when the humidity levels are high. The morphological divergence of T. hispidus and T. sericeus is the result of phenotypic plasticity and selection associated with the habitat, which affect both the shell shape and the hair durability. Since T. hispidus and T. sericeus do to not represent separate biological species and their variability has no genetic basis, they should be considered as ecophenotypes. This and our previous studies suggest that phenotypic plasticity in widely distributed Trochulus species is quite common and may have been of ancestral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Proćków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 7a, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Błażej
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Pro Ków M, Kuźnik-Kowalska E, Mackiewicz P. Phenotypic plasticity can explain evolution of sympatric polymorphism in the hairy snail Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758). Curr Zool 2018; 63:389-402. [PMID: 29491999 PMCID: PMC5804198 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological variation of snails from the genus Trochulus is so huge that their taxonomy is unclear. The greatest variability concerns forms hispidus and sericeus/plebeius, which are often considered as separate species. To evidence the species barriers, we carried out crossbreeding experiments between these two sympatric morphs. Moreover, we compared the shell morphology of laboratory-bred offspring with their wild parents to test if the variation can be explained by the phenotypic plasticity model. We found that the two Trochulus morphs show no reproductive barriers. The fecundity rates, the mean clutch size, and F1 viability observed for all crosses were not significantly different. In hybrid crosses (in F2 generation), we also recorded reproduction compatibility, similar fecundity, and hatching success as in their parents. Accordingly, phylogenetic analyses revealed the significant grouping of sequences from these different morphs and supported no constrains in reproduction between them. Comparison of shell morphology between wild and laboratory samples showed that various characters appeared highly plastic. The average shell shape of the hispidus morph changed significantly from flat with wide umbilicus to elevated with narrower umbilicus such as in the sericeus/plebeius morph. All these findings indicate that the examined morphs do not represent separate biological species and the evolutionary process is not advanced enough to separate their genetic pool. Therefore, phenotypic plasticity has played a significant role in the evolution of Trochulus shell polymorphism. The two morphs can evolve independently in separate phylogenetic lineages under the influence of local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pro Ków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźnik-Kowalska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 118:357-368. [PMID: 29107619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Candidula (Geomitridae), consisting of 28 species in Western Europe as currently described, has a disjunct distribution in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, the Balkans, the Aegean Islands, and one species on the Canary Islands. Although the genus is seemingly well defined by characters of the reproductive system, the relationships within the genus are still unclear and some authors have indicated a possible subgeneric division based on the internal morphology of the dart sac. Despite substantial phylogenetic incongruence, we present a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of Candidula based on two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA), the nuclear rDNA region (5.8S rNRA + ITS2 + 28S rRNA) and seven additional nuclear DNA regions developed specifically for this genus (60SL13, 60SL17, 60SL7, RPL14, 40SS6, 60SL9, 60SL13a), in total 5595 bp. Six reciprocally monophyletic entities including Candidula species were recovered, grouping into two major clades. The incorporation of additional geomitrid genera allowed us to unequivocally demonstrate the polyphyly of the genus Candidula. One major clade grouped species from southern France and Italy with the widely distributed species C. unifasciata. The second major clade grouped all the species from the Iberian Peninsula, including C. intersecta and C. gigaxii. Candidula ultima from the Canary Islands was recovered as separated lineage within the latter clade and related to African taxa. The six monophyla were defined as six new genera belonging to different tribes within the Helicellinae. Thus, we could show that similar structures of the stimulatory apparatus of the genital system in different taxa do not necessarily indicate a close phylogenetic relationship in the Geomitridae. More genera of the family are needed to clarify their evolutionary relationships, and to fully understand the evolution of the stimulatory apparatus of the genital system within the Geomitridae.
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Proćków M, Strzała T, Kuźnik-Kowalska E, Proćków J, Mackiewicz P. Ongoing Speciation and Gene Flow between Taxonomically Challenging Trochulus Species Complex (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170460. [PMID: 28107432 PMCID: PMC5249238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical isolation, selection and genetic drift can cause the geographical diversification of populations and lead to speciation. Land snail species in the genus Trochulus show overlaps in geographical ranges as well as in morphology, but genetic data do not always support the species-level taxonomy based on morphological characters. Such a group offers an excellent opportunity to explore the processes involved. We have addressed the problem by determining the status of the restricted endemic T. graminicola within the larger context of Trochulus taxonomy. We used an integrated approach based on morphological features, ecological preferences and two molecular markers: mitochondrial COI sequences and microsatellites. Comparison of these results demonstrated: (i) conchological distinction of T. striolatus and T. sericeus; (ii) anatomical, ecological and genetic differentiation of T. graminicola and (iii) concordance between morphological characters and mtDNA markers in T. striolatus. Moreover, our data showed an intricate evolutionary history within the genus Trochulus, which can be best explained by: (i) recent or ongoing gene flow between taxa or (ii) their large ancestral polymorphism. Both of these hypotheses suggest that diversification within this group of snails has occurred relatively recently. The mismatches between species defined on morphology and on molecular genetics indicate the complexity of the processes involved in the diversification of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźnik-Kowalska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Maguilla E, Escudero M. Cryptic Species Due to Hybridization: A Combined Approach to Describe a New Species (Carex: Cyperaceae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166949. [PMID: 27973589 PMCID: PMC5156347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disappearance of diagnostic morphological characters due to hybridization is considered to be one of the causes of the complex taxonomy of the species-rich (ca. 2000 described species) genus Carex (Cyperaceae). Carex furva s.l. belongs to section Glareosae. It is an endemic species from the high mountains of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Previous studies suggested the existence of two different, cryptic taxa within C. furva s.l. Intermediate morphologies found in the southern Iberian Peninsula precluded the description of a new taxa. We aimed to determine whether C. furva s.l. should be split into two different species based on the combination of morphological and molecular data. We sampled ten populations across its full range and performed a morphological study based on measurements on herbarium specimens and silica-dried inflorescences. Both morphological and phylogenetic data support the existence of two different species within C. furva s.l. Nevertheless, intermediate morphologies and sterile specimens were found in one of the southern populations (Sierra Nevada) of C. furva s.l., suggesting the presence of hybrid populations in areas where both supposed species coexist. Hybridization between these two putative species has blurred morphological and genetic limits among them in this hybrid zone. We have proved the utility of combining molecular and morphological data to discover a new cryptic species in a scenario of hybridization. We now recognize a new species, C. lucennoiberica, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (Sierra Nevada, Central system and Cantabrian Mountains). On the other hand, C. furva s.s. is distributed only in Sierra Nevada, where it may be threatened by hybridization with C. lucennoiberica. The restricted distribution of both species and their specific habitat requirements are the main limiting factors for their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Maguilla
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcial Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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17
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Romero PE, Weigand AM, Pfenninger M. Positive selection on panpulmonate mitogenomes provide new clues on adaptations to terrestrial life. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:164. [PMID: 27549326 PMCID: PMC4994307 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitions from marine to intertidal and terrestrial habitats resulted in a significant adaptive radiation within the Panpulmonata (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). This clade comprises several groups that invaded the land realm independently and in different time periods, e.g., Ellobioidea, Systellomatophora, and Stylommatophora. Thus, mitochondrial genomes of panpulmonate gastropods are promising to screen for adaptive molecular signatures related to land invasions. RESULTS We obtained three complete mitochondrial genomes of terrestrial panpulmonates, i.e., the ellobiid Carychium tridentatum, and the stylommatophorans Arion rufus and Helicella itala. Our dataset consisted of 50 mitogenomes comprising almost all major panpulmonate lineages. The phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial genes supports the monophyly of the clade Panpulmonata. Terrestrial lineages were sampled from Ellobioidea (1 sp.) and Stylommatophora (9 spp.). The branch-site test of positive selection detected significant non-synonymous changes in the terrestrial branches leading to Carychium (Ellobiodea) and Stylommatophora. These convergent changes occurred in the cob and nad5 genes (OXPHOS complex III and I, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The convergence of the non-synonymous changes in cob and nad5 suggest possible ancient episodes of positive selection related to adaptations to non-marine habitats. The positively selected sites in our data are in agreement with previous results in vertebrates suggesting a general pattern of adaptation to the new metabolic requirements. The demand for energy due to the colonization of land (for example, to move and sustain the body mass in the new habitat) and the necessity to tolerate new conditions of abiotic stress may have changed the physiological constraints in the early terrestrial panpulmonates and triggered adaptations at the mitochondrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E Romero
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Apartado 14-0434, Lima 14, Peru.
| | - Alexander M Weigand
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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On Novelty, Heterochrony and Developmental Constraints in a Complex Morphological Theory of Recapitulation: The Genus Trophon as a Case Study. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Patel S, Schell T, Eifert C, Feldmeyer B, Pfenninger M. Characterizing a hybrid zone between a cryptic species pair of freshwater snails. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:643-55. [PMID: 25533031 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing hybrid zones and their dynamics is a central goal in evolutionary biology, but this is particularly challenging for morphologically cryptic species. The lack of conspicuous divergence between parental types means intermediate hybrid forms often go undetected. We aimed to detect and characterize a suspected hybrid zone between a pair of morphologically cryptic lineages of the freshwater snail, Radix. We sampled Radix from across a contact zone between two mitochondrial lineages (Radix balthica and an undescribed lineage termed 'MOTU3') and detected admixture between two nuclear genotype clusters, which were significantly but not categorically associated with the mitochondrial lineages. Using a model selection approach, we show that the admixture cline is best explained by an interaction between precipitation and temperature gradients over the area, rather than geographic distance. We thus hypothesize that the correlation with climatic gradients suggests environmental selection has played a role in maintaining the hybrid zone. In a 2050 climate change scenario, we furthermore predict an expansion of one of the nuclear clusters and a widening of the hybrid zone as the climate warms and dries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simit Patel
- Biodiversity und Climate Research Centre by Senckenberg Naturforschende Gesellschaft and Goethe-Universität, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
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20
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Liebeke M, Bruford MW, Donnelly RK, Ebbels TMD, Hao J, Kille P, Lahive E, Madison RM, Morgan AJ, Pinto-Juma GA, Spurgeon DJ, Svendsen C, Bundy JG. Identifying biochemical phenotypic differences between cryptic species. Biol Lett 2015; 10:rsbl.2014.0615. [PMID: 25252836 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic methods can distinguish divergent evolutionary lineages in what previously appeared to be single species, but it is not always clear what functional differences exist between such cryptic species. We used a metabolomic approach to profile biochemical phenotype (metabotype) differences between two putative cryptic species of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. There were no straightforward metabolite biomarkers of lineage, i.e. no metabolites that were always at higher concentration in one lineage. Multivariate methods, however, identified a small number of metabolites that together helped distinguish the lineages, including uncommon metabolites such as Nε-trimethyllysine, which is not usually found at high concentrations. This approach could be useful for characterizing functional trait differences, especially as it is applicable to essentially any species group, irrespective of its genome sequencing status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Liebeke
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy M D Ebbels
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elma Lahive
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Rachael M Madison
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - A John Morgan
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - David J Spurgeon
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jacob G Bundy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Hirano T, Kameda Y, Chiba S. A new species ofAegista(Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Camaenidae) from the Chugoku District, western Honshu, Japan. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2015.1023175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Hirano T, Kameda Y, Kimura K, Chiba S. Divergence in the shell morphology of the land snail genusAegista(Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) under phylogenetic constraints. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Life Science; Tohoku University; 41, Kawauchi Aoba Sendai Miyagi 980-0862 Japan
| | - Yuichi Kameda
- National Museum of Nature and Science; 4-1-1, Amakubo Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan
| | - Kazuki Kimura
- Graduate School of Life Science; Tohoku University; 41, Kawauchi Aoba Sendai Miyagi 980-0862 Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Graduate School of Life Science; Tohoku University; 41, Kawauchi Aoba Sendai Miyagi 980-0862 Japan
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Duda M, Kruckenhauser L, Sattmann H, Harl J, Jaksch K, Haring E. Differentiation in the Trochulus hispidus complex and related taxa (Pulmonata: Hygromiidae): morphology, ecology and their relation to phylogeography. THE JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES 2014; 80:371-387. [PMID: 25364084 PMCID: PMC4214462 DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the morphology and ecology of representatives of the taxonomically ambiguous genus Trochulus. The main focus was on the T. hispidus complex, which comprises several genetically highly divergent mitochondrial clades, as determined in a parallel molecular genetic study. We analysed shell morphology and anatomical traits and asked whether the clades are differentiated in these characters. In addition, the related species T. oreinos and T. striolatus were investigated and compared with the T. hispidus complex. Finally, we compared the ecological requirements of the taxa. Among the genetic clades of the T. hispidus complex there was no clear morphological differentiation and geographic populations could not be distinguished based on their morphology. The investigated characters of the genital anatomy did not allow discrimination of any of the T. hispidus clades and were not even diagnostic for the group as a whole. The morphotype of T. sericeus is present in all clades and thus cannot be assigned to a genetic group or any specific population. Thus, our morphological data do not provide evidence that any of the mitochondrial T. hispidus clades represent separate species. Concerning interspecific delimitation, the T. hispidus complex was clearly differentiated from T. striolatus and T. oreinos by shell morphological and anatomical characters, e.g. sculpture of shell surface and details of the penis. Finally, the habitat of T. oreinos is different from those of the other two species. In contrast to the lack of correspondence between genetic and morphological differentiation within the T. hispidus complex, related species display intraspecific morphological differentiation corresponding with mitochondrial clades: within T. striolatus there was a slight morphological differentiation between the subspecies T. s. striolatus, T. s. juvavensis and T. s. danubialis. The two subspecies of T. oreinos could be discriminated by a small but consistent difference in the cross-section of the penis. The unequal levels of intraspecific differentiation are caused by different evolutionary histories as a consequence of disparities in ecological demands, dispersal ability and use of glacial refugia: both the T. hispidus complex and T. striolatus are fast-spreading, euryoecious organisms which are able to (re-)colonize habitats and survive under different climate conditions. While the T. hispidus complex probably survived the Pleistocene in several glacial refugia, for T. striolatus one glacial refugium is suggested. Trochulus oreinos differs from the other taxa, as it is a slow disperser with a narrow ecological niche. We suggest that its subspecies spent at least the last glaciation in or close to the presently inhabited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Duda
- 3rd Zoological Department , Museum of Natural History Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria
| | - Luise Kruckenhauser
- Central Research Laboratories , Museum of Natural History Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- 3rd Zoological Department , Museum of Natural History Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria
| | - Josef Harl
- Central Research Laboratories , Museum of Natural History Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria ; Department of Integrative Zoology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Katharina Jaksch
- 3rd Zoological Department , Museum of Natural History Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria ; Central Research Laboratories , Museum of Natural History Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Central Research Laboratories , Museum of Natural History Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria ; Department of Integrative Zoology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna , Austria
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Khedkar GD, Jamdade R, Naik S, David L, Haymer D. DNA barcodes for the fishes of the Narmada, one of India's longest rivers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101460. [PMID: 24991801 PMCID: PMC4081587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the species diversity of fishes of the Narmada River in India. A total of 820 fish specimens were collected from 17 sampling locations across the whole river basin. Fish were taxonomically classified into one of 90 possible species based on morphological characters, and then DNA barcoding was employed using COI gene sequences as a supplemental identification method. A total of 314 different COI sequences were generated, and specimens were confirmed to belong to 85 species representing 63 genera, 34 families and 10 orders. Findings of this study include the identification of five putative cryptic or sibling species and 43 species not previously known from the Narmada River basin. Five species are endemic to India and three are introduced species that had not been previously reported to occur in the Narmada River. Conversely, 43 species previously reported to occur in the Narmada were not found. Genetic diversity and distance values were generated for all of the species within genera, families and orders using Kimura's 2 parameter distance model followed by the construction of a Neighbor Joining tree. High resolution clusters generated in NJ trees aided the groupings of species corresponding to their genera and families which are in confirmation to the values generated by Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery bioinformatics platform. This aided to decide a threshold value for the discrimination of species boundary from the Narmada River. This study provides an important validation of the use of DNA barcode sequences for monitoring species diversity and changes within complex ecosystems such as the Narmada River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Dattarao Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Rahul Jamdade
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Suresh Naik
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lior David
- Department of Animal Sciences, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Haymer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
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Proćków M, Strzała T, Kuźnik-kowalska E, Mackiewicz P. Morphological similarity and molecular divergence ofTrochulus striolatusandT. montanus, and their relationship to sympatric congeners (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.925986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Kruckenhauser L, Duda M, Bartel D, Sattmann H, Harl J, Kirchner S, Haring E. Paraphyly and budding speciation in the hairy snail (Pulmonata, Hygromiidae). ZOOL SCR 2014; 43:273-288. [PMID: 25170185 PMCID: PMC4144147 DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delimitation of species is often complicated by discordance of morphological and genetic data. This may be caused by the existence of cryptic or polymorphic species. The latter case is particularly true for certain snail species showing an exceptionally high intraspecific genetic diversity. The present investigation deals with the Trochulus hispidus complex, which has a complicated taxonomy. Our analyses of the COI sequence revealed that individuals showing a T. hispidus phenotype are distributed in nine highly differentiated mitochondrial clades (showing p-distances up to 19%). The results of a parallel morphometric investigation did not reveal any differentiation between these clades, although the overall variability is quite high. The phylogenetic analyses based on 12S, 16S and COI sequences show that the T. hispidus complex is paraphyletic with respect to several other morphologically well-defined Trochulus species (T. clandestinus, T. villosus, T. villosulus and T. striolatus) which form well-supported monophyletic groups. The nc marker sequence (5.8S-ITS2-28S) shows only a clear separation of T. o. oreinos and T. o. scheerpeltzi, and a weakly supported separation of T. clandestinus, whereas all other species and the clades of the T. hispidus complex appear within one homogeneous group. The paraphyly of the T. hispidus complex reflects its complicated history, which was probably driven by geographic isolation in different glacial refugia and budding speciation. At our present state of knowledge, it cannot be excluded that several cryptic species are embedded within the T. hispidus complex. However, the lack of morphological differentiation of the T. hispidus mitochondrial clades does not provide any hints in this direction. Thus, we currently do not recommend any taxonomic changes. The results of the current investigation exemplify the limitations of barcoding attempts in highly diverse species such as T. hispidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Kruckenhauser
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research LaboratoriesBurgring 7, Vienna, 1010, AustriaAustria. E-mail:
| | - Michael Duda
- 3rd Zoological Department, Natural History Museum ViennaBurgring 7, 1010, Vienna, AustriaE-mail:
| | - Daniela Bartel
- University of Vienna, Department of Integrative ZoologyAlthanstraβe 14, 1090, Vienna, AustriaE-mail:
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- 3rd Zoological Department, Natural History Museum ViennaBurgring 7, 1010, Vienna, AustriaE-mail:
| | - Josef Harl
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research LaboratoriesBurgring 7, Vienna, 1010, AustriaAustria. E-mail:
- University of Vienna, Department of Integrative ZoologyAlthanstraβe 14, 1090, Vienna, AustriaE-mail:
| | - Sandra Kirchner
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research LaboratoriesBurgring 7, Vienna, 1010, AustriaAustria. E-mail:
- University of Vienna, Department of Integrative ZoologyAlthanstraβe 14, 1090, Vienna, AustriaE-mail:
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research LaboratoriesBurgring 7, Vienna, 1010, AustriaAustria. E-mail:
- University of Vienna, Department of Integrative ZoologyAlthanstraβe 14, 1090, Vienna, AustriaE-mail:
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Troschinski S, Di Lellis MA, Sereda S, Hauffe T, Wilke T, Triebskorn R, Köhler HR. Intraspecific variation in cellular and biochemical heat response strategies of Mediterranean Xeropicta derbentina [Pulmonata, Hygromiidae]. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86613. [PMID: 24475158 PMCID: PMC3903566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry and hot environments challenge the survival of terrestrial snails. To minimize overheating and desiccation, physiological and biochemical adaptations are of high importance for these animals. In the present study, seven populations of the Mediterranean land snail species Xeropicta derbentina were sampled from their natural habitat in order to investigate the intraspecific variation of cellular and biochemical mechanisms, which are assigned to contribute to heat resistance. Furthermore, we tested whether genetic parameters are correlated with these physiological heat stress response patterns. Specimens of each population were individually exposed to elevated temperatures (25 to 52°C) for 8 h in the laboratory. After exposure, the health condition of the snails' hepatopancreas was examined by means of qualitative description and semi-quantitative assessment of histopathological effects. In addition, the heat-shock protein 70 level (Hsp70) was determined. Generally, calcium cells of the hepatopancreas were more heat resistant than digestive cells - this phenomenon was associated with elevated Hsp70 levels at 40°C.We observed considerable variation in the snails' heat response strategy: Individuals from three populations invested much energy in producing a highly elevated Hsp70 level, whereas three other populations invested energy in moderate stress protein levels - both strategies were in association with cellular functionality. Furthermore, one population kept cellular condition stable despite a low Hsp70 level until 40°C exposure, whereas prominent cellular reactions were observed above this thermal limit. Genetic diversity (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) within populations was low. Nevertheless, when using genetic indices as explanatory variables in a multivariate regression tree (MRT) analysis, population structure explained mean differences in cellular and biochemical heat stress responses, especially in the group exposed to 40°C. Our study showed that, even in similar habitats within a close range, populations of the same species use different stress response strategies that all rendered survival possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Troschinski
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maddalena A. Di Lellis
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergej Sereda
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hauffe
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wilke
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
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Hirano T, Kameda Y, Kimura K, Chiba S. Substantial incongruence among the morphology, taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny of the land snails Aegista, Landouria, Trishoplita, and Pseudobuliminus (Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) occurring in East Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 70:171-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Proćków M, Mackiewicz P, Pieńkowska JR. Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemicTrochulus phorochaetius(Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa. Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Proćków
- Museum of Natural History; Wrocław University; Sienkiewicza 21; 50-335; Wrocław; Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics; Faculty of Biotechnology; Wrocław University; Wrocław; Poland
| | - Joanna R. Pieńkowska
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Poznań; Poland
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Araya JF. A new species of Aeneator Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Buccinidae) from northern Chile, with comments on the genus and a key to the Chilean species. Zookeys 2013:89-101. [PMID: 23653495 PMCID: PMC3591740 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.257.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Aeneator Finlay, 1926 is described from off the coast of Caldera (27°S), northern Chile. Aeneator martae sp. n. has a small, broad, stout, angulated shell with more prominent axial ribs and a more obviously keeled periphery than all previously named Chilean species. Comparisons are provided with all other South American named species of Aeneator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Araya
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Las Palmeras 3425. Ñuñoa. Santiago. Chile
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Thomé MTC, Zamudio KR, Haddad CFB, Alexandrino J. Delimiting genetic units in Neotropical toads under incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:242. [PMID: 23228224 PMCID: PMC3574056 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Delimiting genetic units is useful to enhance taxonomic discovery and is often the first step toward understanding evolutionary mechanisms generating diversification. The six species within the Rhinella crucifer group of toads were defined under morphological criteria alone. Previous data suggest limited correspondence of these species to mitochondrial lineages, and morphological intergradation at transitions between forms suggests hybridization. Here we extensively sampled populations throughout the geographic distribution of the group and analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data to delimit genetic units using tree–based and allele frequency–based approaches. Results These approaches yielded complementary results, with allele frequency-based methods performing unexpectedly well given the limited number of loci examined. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers supported a genetic structure of five units within the group, with three of the inferred units distributed within its main range, while two other units occur in separate isolates. The inferred units are mostly discordant with currently described forms: unequivocal association exists for only two of the six species in the group. Genetic evidence for hybridization exists for two pairs of units, with clear cyto–nuclear allele mixing observed in one case. Conclusions Our results confirmed that current taxonomy does not represent evolutionary units in the Rhinella crucifer group. Correspondence between genetically distinguishable units and the currently recognized species is only possible for Rhinella henseli and R. inopina. The recognition of other species relies on the reassessment of the geographic range of R. crucifer, the examination of the type series of R. ornata for hybrids, and on the use of additional markers to verify the genetic distinctiveness of R. abei. We state that R. pombali should not remain a valid species since its description appears to be based on hybrids, and that the name R. pombali should be considered a synonym of both R. crucifer and R. ornata. The fifth inferred but undescribed genetic unit may represent a new species. Our results underscore the potential of the R. crucifer species group to contribute to a better understanding of diversification processes and hybridization patterns in the Neotropics, and provide the basis for future evolutionary and taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tereza C Thomé
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Rio Claro, Caixa Postal 19913506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Pfenninger M, Bálint M, Pauls SU. Methodological framework for projecting the potential loss of intraspecific genetic diversity due to global climate change. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:224. [PMID: 23176586 PMCID: PMC3538604 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research on the impact of global climate change (GCC) on ecosystems and species is flourishing, a fundamental component of biodiversity - molecular variation - has not yet received its due attention in such studies. Here we present a methodological framework for projecting the loss of intraspecific genetic diversity due to GCC. METHODS The framework consists of multiple steps that combines 1) hierarchical genetic clustering methods to define comparable units of inference, 2) species accumulation curves (SAC) to infer sampling completeness, and 3) species distribution modelling (SDM) to project the genetic diversity loss under GCC. We suggest procedures for existing data sets as well as specifically designed studies. We illustrate the approach with two worked examples from a land snail (Trochulus villosus) and a caddisfly (Smicridea (S.) mucronata). RESULTS Sampling completeness was diagnosed on the third coarsest haplotype clade level for T. villosus and the second coarsest for S. mucronata. For both species, a substantial species range loss was projected under the chosen climate scenario. However, despite substantial differences in data set quality concerning spatial sampling and sampling depth, no loss of haplotype clades due to GCC was predicted for either species. CONCLUSIONS The suggested approach presents a feasible method to tap the rich resources of existing phylogeographic data sets and guide the design and analysis of studies explicitly designed to estimate the impact of GCC on a currently still neglected level of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pfenninger
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) by Senckenberg Research Institut & Goethe University, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) by Senckenberg Research Institut & Goethe University, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Molecular Biology Center, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Treboniu Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj, Romania
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) by Senckenberg Research Institut & Goethe University, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Coalescent method in conjunction with niche modeling reveals cryptic diversity among centipedes in the Western Ghats of South India. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42225. [PMID: 22876311 PMCID: PMC3410927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been growing interest in integrative taxonomy that uses data from multiple disciplines for species delimitation. Typically, in such studies, monophyly is taken as a proxy for taxonomic distinctiveness and these units are treated as potential species. However, monophyly could arise due to stochastic processes. Thus here, we have employed a recently developed tool based on coalescent approach to ascertain the taxonomic distinctiveness of various monophyletic units. Subsequently, the species status of these taxonomic units was further tested using corroborative evidence from morphology and ecology. This inter-disciplinary approach was implemented on endemic centipedes of the genus Digitipes (Attems 1930) from the Western Ghats (WG) biodiversity hotspot of India. The species of the genus Digitipes are morphologically conserved, despite their ancient late Cretaceous origin. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our coalescent analysis based on mitochondrial dataset indicated the presence of nine putative species. The integrative approach, which includes nuclear, morphology, and climate datasets supported distinctiveness of eight putative species, of which three represent described species and five were new species. Among the five new species, three were morphologically cryptic species, emphasizing the effectiveness of this approach in discovering cryptic diversity in less explored areas of the tropics like the WG. In addition, species pairs showed variable divergence along the molecular, morphological and climate axes. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary approach illustrated here is successful in discovering cryptic diversity with an indication that the current estimates of invertebrate species richness for the WG might have been underestimated. Additionally, the importance of measuring multiple secondary properties of species while defining species boundaries was highlighted given variable divergence of each species pair across the disciplines.
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Weigand AM, Pfenninger M, Jochum A, Klussmann-Kolb A. Alpine crossroads or origin of genetic diversity? Comparative phylogeography of two sympatric microgastropod species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37089. [PMID: 22606334 PMCID: PMC3351404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alpine Region, constituting the Alps and the Dinaric Alps, has played a major role in the formation of current patterns of biodiversity either as a contact zone of postglacial expanding lineages or as the origin of genetic diversity. In our study, we tested these hypotheses for two widespread, sympatric microgastropod taxa – Carychium minimum O.F. Müller, 1774 and Carychium tridentatum (Risso, 1826) (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Carychiidae) – by using COI sequence data and species potential distribution models analyzed in a statistical phylogeographical framework. Additionally, we examined disjunct transatlantic populations of those taxa from the Azores and North America. In general, both Carychium taxa demonstrate a genetic structure composed of several differentiated haplotype lineages most likely resulting from allopatric diversification in isolated refugial areas during the Pleistocene glacial periods. However, the genetic structure of Carychium minimum is more pronounced, which can be attributed to ecological constraints relating to habitat proximity to permanent bodies of water. For most of the Carychium lineages, the broader Alpine Region was identified as the likely origin of genetic diversity. Several lineages are endemic to the broader Alpine Region whereas a single lineage per species underwent a postglacial expansion to (re)colonize previously unsuitable habitats, e.g. in Northern Europe. The source populations of those expanding lineages can be traced back to the Eastern and Western Alps. Consequently, we identify the Alpine Region as a significant ‘hot-spot’ for the formation of genetic diversity within European Carychium lineages. Passive dispersal via anthropogenic means best explains the presence of transatlantic European Carychium populations on the Azores and in North America. We conclude that passive (anthropogenic) transport could mislead the interpretation of observed phylogeographical patterns in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Weigand
- Department of Phylogeny and Systematics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany.
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Puillandre N, Lambert A, Brouillet S, Achaz G. ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery for primary species delimitation. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:1864-77. [PMID: 21883587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1644] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Puillandre
- UMR 7138, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Departement Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France
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Hawlitschek O, Porch N, Hendrich L, Balke M. Ecological niche modelling and nDNA sequencing support a new, morphologically cryptic beetle species unveiled by DNA barcoding. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16662. [PMID: 21347370 PMCID: PMC3036709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA sequencing techniques used to estimate biodiversity, such as DNA barcoding, may reveal cryptic species. However, disagreements between barcoding and morphological data have already led to controversy. Species delimitation should therefore not be based on mtDNA alone. Here, we explore the use of nDNA and bioclimatic modelling in a new species of aquatic beetle revealed by mtDNA sequence data. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aquatic beetle fauna of Australia is characterised by high degrees of endemism, including local radiations such as the genus Antiporus. Antiporus femoralis was previously considered to exist in two disjunct, but morphologically indistinguishable populations in south-western and south-eastern Australia. We constructed a phylogeny of Antiporus and detected a deep split between these populations. Diagnostic characters from the highly variable nuclear protein encoding arginine kinase gene confirmed the presence of two isolated populations. We then used ecological niche modelling to examine the climatic niche characteristics of the two populations. All results support the status of the two populations as distinct species. We describe the south-western species as Antiporus occidentalis sp.n. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE In addition to nDNA sequence data and extended use of mitochondrial sequences, ecological niche modelling has great potential for delineating morphologically cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Porch
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars Hendrich
- Department of Entomology, Zoological State Collection, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Balke
- Department of Entomology, Zoological State Collection, Munich, Germany
- GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Duda M, Sattmann H, Haring E, Bartel D, Winkler H, Harl J, Kruckenhauser L. GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AND SHELL MORPHOLOGY OF TROCHULUS OREINOS (WAGNER, 1915) AND T. HISPIDUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) (PULMONATA: HYGROMIIDAE) IN THE NORTHEASTERN ALPS. THE JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES 2011; 77:30-40. [PMID: 25197157 PMCID: PMC4153987 DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyq037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Trochulus oreinos oreinos and T. oreinos scheerpeltzi are two land snail taxa endemic to the Northeastern Austrian Alps, which have been regarded as subspecies of the highly variable, widespread land snail T. hispidus. We analysed these three taxa morphologically and genetically to evaluate whether a delimitation between them is possible and, if so, to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Shell morphological results revealed high similarity between the two T. oreinos taxa, and that they are clearly separated from T. hispidus. Additionally, the T. oreinos subspecies concur with respect to their habitat preferences, as they are both restricted to rocky high alpine areas, whereas the local form of T. hispidus is distributed over a wider altitudinal range in moist areas and scrubby perennial herb vegetation near water bodies. While the morphological and ecological results allow clear differentiation between T. hispidus and T. oreinos only, analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes revealed high sequence divergences between all three taxa, which indicates that they represent old lineages. The two T. oreinos taxa appear as distantly related sister groups, well separated from T. hispidus. Whether T. o. oreinos and T. o. scheerpeltzi should be considered as species cannot be decided at the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Duda
- Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria ; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Bartel
- Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria ; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Winkler
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Comparative Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Savoyenstraße 1A, A-1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Harl
- Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
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Ezard THG, Pearson PN, Purvis A. Algorithmic approaches to aid species' delimitation in multidimensional morphospace. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:175. [PMID: 20540735 PMCID: PMC2898690 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The species is a fundamental unit of biological pattern and process, but its delimitation has proven a ready source of argument and disagreement. Here, we discuss four key steps that utilize statistical thresholds to describe the morphological variability within a sample and hence assess whether there is evidence for one or multiple species. Once the initial set of biologically relevant traits on comparable individuals has been identified, there is no need for the investigator to hypothesise how specimens might be divided among groups, nor the traits on which groups might be separated. Results Principal components are obtained using robust covariance estimates and retained only if they exceed threshold amounts of explanatory power, before model-based clustering is performed on the dimension-reduced space. We apply these steps in an attempt to resolve ongoing debates among taxonomists working on the extinct Eocene planktonic foraminifera Turborotalia, providing statistical evidence for two species shortly before the lineage's extinction near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Conclusion By estimating variance robustly (samples containing incipient species are unlikely to be scaled optimally by means and standard deviations) and identifying thresholds relevant to a particular system rather than universal standards, the steps of the framework aim to optimize the chances of delineation without imposing pre-conceived patterns onto estimates of species limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H G Ezard
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, UK.
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Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in Bayesian algorithms that explicitly include geographical information in the inference of population structure. Current models substantially differ in their prior distributions and background assumptions, falling into two broad categories: models with or without admixture. To aid users of this new generation of spatially explicit programs, we clarify the assumptions underlying the models, and we test these models in situations where their assumptions are not met. We show that models without admixture are not robust to the inclusion of admixed individuals in the sample, thus providing an incorrect assessment of population genetic structure in many cases. In contrast, admixture models are robust to an absence of admixture in the sample. We also give statistical and conceptual reasons why data should be explored using spatially explicit models that include admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier François
- Grenoble IT, Joseph Fourier University, CNRS UMR 5525, TIMC, Group of Computational and Mathematical Biology, 38706 La Tronche, France
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