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Petersen JM, Burgess AL, van Oers MM, Herniou EA, Bojko J. Nudiviruses in free-living and parasitic arthropods: evolutionary taxonomy. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:744-762. [PMID: 39019701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The nudiviruses (family: Nudiviridae) are large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that infect insects and crustaceans, and have most recently been identified from ectoparasitic members (fleas and lice). This virus family was created in 2014 and has since been expanded via the discovery of multiple novel viral candidates or accepted members, sparking the need for a new taxonomic and evolutionary overview. Using current information (including data from public databases), we construct a new comprehensive phylogeny, encompassing 49 different nudiviruses. We use this novel phylogeny to propose a new taxonomic structure of the Nudiviridae by suggesting two new viral genera (Zetanudivirus and Etanudivirus), from ectoparasitic lice. We detail novel emerging relationships between nudiviruses and their hosts, considering their evolutionary history and ecological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirka Manuel Petersen
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261 CNRS - Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Amy L Burgess
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261 CNRS - Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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2
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Lorenzi A, Arvin MJ, Burke GR, Strand MR. Functional characterization of Microplitis demolitor bracovirus genes that encode nucleocapsid components. J Virol 2023; 97:e0081723. [PMID: 37877717 PMCID: PMC10688341 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00817-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding how bracoviruses (BVs) function in wasps is of broad interest in the study of virus evolution. This study characterizes most of the Microplitis demolitor bracovirus (MdBV) genes whose products are nucleocapsid components. Results indicate several genes unknown outside of nudiviruses and BVs are essential for normal capsid assembly. Results also indicate most MdBV tyrosine recombinase family members and the DNA binding protein p6.9-1 are required for DNA processing and packaging into nucleocapsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Lorenzi
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J. Arvin
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gaelen R. Burke
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael R. Strand
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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3
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Keown JR, Crawshaw AD, Trincao J, Carrique L, Gildea RJ, Horrell S, Warren AJ, Axford D, Owen R, Evans G, Bézier A, Metcalf P, Grimes JM. Atomic structure of a nudivirus occlusion body protein determined from a 70-year-old crystal sample. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4160. [PMID: 37443157 PMCID: PMC10345106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious protein crystals are an essential part of the viral lifecycle for double-stranded DNA Baculoviridae and double-stranded RNA cypoviruses. These viral protein crystals, termed occlusion bodies or polyhedra, are dense protein assemblies that form a crystalline array, encasing newly formed virions. Here, using X-ray crystallography we determine the structure of a polyhedrin from Nudiviridae. This double-stranded DNA virus family is a sister-group to the baculoviruses, whose members were thought to lack occlusion bodies. The 70-year-old sample contains a well-ordered lattice formed by a predominantly α-helical building block that assembles into a dense, highly interconnected protein crystal. The lattice is maintained by extensive hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, disulfide bonds, and domain switching. The resulting lattice is resistant to most environmental stresses. Comparison of this structure to baculovirus or cypovirus polyhedra shows a distinct protein structure, crystal space group, and unit cell dimensions, however, all polyhedra utilise common principles of occlusion body assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Keown
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Adam D Crawshaw
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jose Trincao
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Loïc Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Gildea
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Sam Horrell
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Anna J Warren
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Danny Axford
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Robin Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Gwyndaf Evans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Peter Metcalf
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Petersen JM, Bézier A, Drezen JM, van Oers MM. The naked truth: An updated review on nudiviruses and their relationship to bracoviruses and baculoviruses. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 189:107718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Rajendran KV, Pagare S, Raut S, Pani Prasad K, Pathan MA. Monodon baculovirus (MBV) infects wild mud crab, Scylla serrata. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 187:107701. [PMID: 34914968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During a survey of farmed and wild crustaceans from India for viruses, spherical baculovirosis otherwise known as Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus (MBV) was detected in field-collected juvenile/sub-adult mud crab, Scylla serrata using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification of the hepatopancreatic DNA. Eight out of 115 mud crab (7.0%) examined during the study were found to be positive in the nested PCR resulting in a 361 nt amplicon. Mud crab, S. olivacea and other crustaceans such as marine crab, Portunus sanguinolentus and farmed penaeid shrimp, Penaeus vannamei and P. monodon were tested negative for the virus. Further, degenerate primers reported to amplify polyhedrin protein gene of MBV also showed PCR amplification in one of the MBV-positive crab samples resulting in a 250 nt amplicon. Sequencing of the two target amplicons (MBV- 361 nt and MBV polyhedrin - 216 nt) revealed more than 97.5 % and 92.8% sequence identity, respectively with the Penaeus monodon nudivirus and Penaeus monodon nucleopolyhedrovirus (MBV) reported from shrimp. Further, histological analysis of mud crab revealed nuclear hypertrophy, chromatin margination and intranuclear eosinophilic/basophilic inclusions in tubule epithelium of hepatopancreas. The hepatopancreatic tissue also showed unusually large, eosinophilic/basophilic inclusion-like structures. These inclusions resembled the viral inclusions reported from S. serrata from Australia. This is the first record of monodon-type baculovirus from a crab host and the second from a non-penaeid crustacean. Interestingly, some of the crab samples also showed deeply basophilic intranuclear inclusion-like bodies resembling hepatopancreatic parvovirus group of viruses (HPV). However, none of the crab samples subjected to PCR amplification using HPV-specific primers showed any amplification. The histological observations made in the present study indicate the possibility of the presence of two hepatopancreas-infecting viruses in S. serrata from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Rajendran
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Shruti Pagare
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Sailee Raut
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - K Pani Prasad
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Mujahidkhan A Pathan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
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Identification and Full Characterisation of Two Novel Crustacean Infecting Members of the Family Nudiviridae Provides Support for Two Subfamilies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091694. [PMID: 34578276 PMCID: PMC8472649 DOI: 10.3390/v13091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple enveloped viruses with rod-shaped nucleocapsids have been described, infecting the epithelial cell nuclei within the hepatopancreas tubules of crustaceans. These bacilliform viruses share the ultrastructural characteristics of nudiviruses, a specific clade of viruses infecting arthropods. Using histology, electron microscopy and high throughput sequencing, we characterise two further bacilliform viruses from aquatic hosts, the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and the European shore crab (Carcinus maenas). We assembled the full double stranded, circular DNA genome sequences of these viruses (~113 and 132 kbp, respectively). Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses confirm that both belong within the family Nudiviridae but in separate clades representing nudiviruses found in freshwater and marine environments. We show that the three thymidine kinase (tk) genes present in all sequenced nudivirus genomes, thus far, were absent in the Crangon crangon nudivirus, suggesting there are twenty-eight core genes shared by all nudiviruses. Furthermore, the phylogenetic data no longer support the subdivision of the family Nudiviridae into four genera (Alphanudivirus to Deltanudivirus), as recently adopted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), but rather shows two main branches of the family that are further subdivided. Our data support a recent proposal to create two subfamilies within the family Nudiviridae, each subdivided into several genera.
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Cheng RL, Li XF, Zhang CX. Nudivirus Remnants in the Genomes of Arthropods. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:578-588. [PMID: 32282886 PMCID: PMC7250505 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous viral elements (EVEs), derived from all major types of viruses, have been discovered in many eukaryotic genomes, representing "fossil records" of past viral infections. The endogenization of nudiviruses has been reported in several insects, leading to the question of whether genomic integration is a common phenomenon for these viruses. In this study, genomic assemblies of insects and other arthropods were analyzed to identify endogenous sequences related to Nudiviridae. A total of 359 nudivirus-like genes were identified in 43 species belonging to different groups; however, none of these genes were detected in the known hosts of nudiviruses. A large proportion of the putative EVEs identified in this study encode intact open reading frames or are transcribed as mRNAs, suggesting that they result from recent endogenization of nudiviruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the identified EVEs and inspections of their flanking regions indicated that integration of nudiviruses has occurred recurrently during the evolution of arthropods. This is the first report of a comprehensive screening for nudivirus-derived EVEs in arthropod genomes. The results of this study demonstrated that a large variety of arthropods, especially hemipteran and hymenopteran insects, have previously been or are still infected by nudiviruses. These findings have greatly extended the host range of Nudiviridae and provide new insights into viral diversity, evolution, and host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China.,Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Patterns of infection in a native and an invasive crayfish across the UK. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107595. [PMID: 33878331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Invasive crayfish and the introduction of non-native diseases pose a significant risk for the conservation of endangered, white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes). Continued pollution of waterways is also of concern for native species and may be linked with crayfish disease dynamics. We explore whether crayfish species or environmental quality are predictors of infection presence and prevalence in native A. pallipes and invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). We use a seven-year dataset of histology records, and a field survey comparing the presence and prevalence of infectious agents in three isolated A. pallipes populations; three isolated P. leniusculus populations, and three populations where the two species had overlapped in the past. We note a lower diversity of parasites (Simpson's Index) in P. leniusculus ('Pacifastacus leniusculus Bacilliform Virus' - PlBV) (n = 1 parasite) relative to native A. pallipes (n = 4 parasites), which host Thelohania contejeani, 'Austropotamobius pallipes bacilliform virus' (ApBV), Psorospermium haeckeli and Branchiobdella astaci, at the sites studied. The infectious group present in both species was an intranuclear bacilliform virus of the hepatopancreas. The prevalence of A. astaci in A. pallipes populations was higher in more polluted water bodies, which may reflect an effect of water quality, or may be due to increased chance of transmission from nearby P. leniusculus, a species commonly found in poor quality habitats.
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9
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Liu S, Sappington TW, Coates BS, Bonning BC. Nudivirus Sequences Identified from the Southern and Western Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Viruses 2021; 13:v13020269. [PMID: 33572446 PMCID: PMC7916170 DOI: 10.3390/v13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of pooled genomic short read sequence data revealed the presence of nudivirus-derived sequences from U.S. populations of both southern corn rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) and western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). A near complete nudivirus genome sequence was assembled from sequence data for an SCR population with relatively high viral titers. A total of 147,179 bp was assembled from five contigs that collectively encode 109 putative open reading frames (ORFs) including 20 nudivirus core genes. In contrast, genome sequence recovery was incomplete for a second nudivirus from WCR, although sequences derived from this virus were present in three geographically dispersed populations. Only 48,989 bp were assembled with 48 putative ORFs including 13 core genes, representing about 20% of a typical nudivirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both corn rootworm nudiviruses grouped with the third known nudivirus of beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus in the genus Alphanudivirus. On the basis of phylogenetic and additional analyses, we propose further taxonomic separation of nudiviruses within Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus into two subfamilies and five genera. Identification of nudivirus-derived sequences from two species of corn rootworm highlights the diversity of viruses associated with these agricultural insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Sappington
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Brad S. Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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Etebari K, Parry R, Beltran MJB, Furlong MJ. Transcription Profile and Genomic Variations of Oryctes Rhinoceros Nudivirus in Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles. J Virol 2020; 94:e01097-20. [PMID: 32878889 PMCID: PMC7592217 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01097-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus which has been used as a biocontrol agent to suppress the coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. A new wave of O. rhinoceros incursions in Oceania is thought to be related to the presence of low-virulence isolates of OrNV or virus-tolerant haplotypes of beetles. In this study, chronically infected beetles were collected from Philippines, Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and the Solomon Islands (SI). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to investigate the global viral gene expression profiles and for comparative genomic analysis of structural variations. Maximum likelihood phylogenic analysis indicated that OrNV strains from the SI and Philippines are closely related, while OrNV strains from PNG and Fiji formed a distinct adjacent clade. We detected several polymorphic sites with a frequency higher than 35% in 892 positions of the viral genome. Nonsynonymous mutations were detected in several hypothetical proteins and 15 nudivirus core genes, such as gp034, lef-8, lef-4, and vp91 We found limited evidence of variation in viral gene expression among geographic populations. Only a few genes, such as gp01, gp022, and gp107, were differentially expressed among different strains. Additionally, small RNA sequencing from the SI population suggested that OrNV is targeted by the host RNA interference (RNAi) response with abundant 21-nucleotide small RNAs. Some of these genomic changes are specific to the geographic population and could be related to particular phenotypic characteristics of the strain, such as viral pathogenicity or transmissibility, and this requires further investigation.IMPORTANCE Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus has been an effective biocontrol agent against the coconut rhinoceros beetle in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands for decades. The recent outbreak of these beetles in many South Pacific islands has had a significant impact on livelihoods in the region. It has been suggested that the resurgence and spread of the pest are related to the presence of low-virulence isolates of OrNV or virus-tolerant haplotypes of beetles. We examined viral genomic and transcriptional variations in chronically infected beetles from different geographical populations. A high number of polymorphic sites among several geographical strains of OrNV were identified, but potentially only a few of these variations in the genome are involved in functional changes and can potentially alter the typical function. These findings provide valuable resources for future studies to improve our understanding of the OrNV genetic variations in different geographic regions and their potential link to virus pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Etebari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marie Joy B Beltran
- National Crop Protection Centre, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Michael J Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Allain TW, Stentiford GD, Bass D, Behringer DC, Bojko J. A novel nudivirus infecting the invasive demon shrimp Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14816. [PMID: 32908207 PMCID: PMC7481228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nudiviridae are a family of large double-stranded DNA viruses that infects the cells of the gut in invertebrates, including insects and crustaceans. The phylogenetic range of the family has recently been enhanced via the description of viruses infecting penaeid shrimp, crangonid shrimp, homarid lobsters and portunid crabs. Here we extend this by presenting the genome of another nudivirus infecting the amphipod Dikerogammarus haemobaphes. The virus, which infects cells of the host hepatopancreas, has a circular genome of 119,754 bp in length, and encodes a predicted 106 open reading frames. This novel virus encodes all the conserved nudiviral genes (sharing 57 gene homologues with other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses) but appears to lack the p6.9 gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus branches before the other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses and shares low levels of gene/protein similarity to the Gammanudivirus genus. Comparison of gene synteny from known crustacean-infecting nudiviruses reveals conservation between Homarus gammarus nudivirus and Penaeus monodon nudivirus; however, three genomic rearrangements in this novel amphipod virus appear to break the gene synteny between this and the ones infecting lobsters and penaeid shrimp. We explore the evolutionary history and systematics of this novel virus, suggesting that it be included in the novel Epsilonnudivirus genus (Nudiviridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Allain
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Donald C Behringer
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
- National Horizons Centre of Excellence in Bioscience Industry, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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12
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Chaijarasphong T, Munkongwongsiri N, Stentiford GD, Aldama-Cano DJ, Thansa K, Flegel TW, Sritunyalucksana K, Itsathitphaisarn O. The shrimp microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP): Biology, pathology, diagnostics and control. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107458. [PMID: 32882232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disease is a major limiting factor in the global production of cultivated shrimp. The microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was formally characterized in 2009 as a rare infection of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. It remained relatively unstudied until mid-2010, after which infection with EHP became increasingly common in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei, by then the most common shrimp species farmed in Asia. EHP infects the hepatopancreas of its host, causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM), a condition that has been associated with slow growth of the host in aquaculture settings. Unlike other infectious disease agents that have caused economic losses in global shrimp aquaculture, EHP has proven more challenging because too little is still known about its environmental reservoirs and modes of transmission during the industrial shrimp production process. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the EHP life cycle and the molecular strategies that it employs as an obligate intracellular parasite. It also provides an analysis of available and new methodologies for diagnosis since most of the current literature on EHP focuses on that topic. We summarize current knowledge of EHP infection and transmission dynamics and currently recommended, practical control measures that are being applied to limit its negative impact on shrimp cultivation. We also point out the major gaps in knowledge that urgently need to be bridged in order to improve control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Chaijarasphong
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Munkongwongsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Diva J Aldama-Cano
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kwanta Thansa
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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13
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Harrison RL, Herniou EA, Bézier A, Jehle JA, Burand JP, Theilmann DA, Krell PJ, van Oers MM, Nakai M, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nudiviridae. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:3-4. [PMID: 31935180 PMCID: PMC7414434 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Nudiviridae are large dsDNA viruses with distinctive rod-shaped nucleocapsids and circular genomes of 96–232 kbp. Nudiviruses have been identified from a diverse range of insects and crustaceans and are closely related to baculoviruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Report on the taxonomy of the family Nudiviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/nudiviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS/Université de Tours, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS/Université de Tours, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Johannes A Jehle
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - John P Burand
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - David A Theilmann
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Peter J Krell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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14
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Liu S, Coates BS, Bonning BC. Endogenous viral elements integrated into the genome of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 123:103405. [PMID: 32534986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the genomic DNA isolated from four biotypes of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (AG), revealed that in addition to the commonly observed retrovirus-related retrotransposons, viral sequences derived from multiple RNA and DNA viruses have integrated into the genome. Notably, sequences of more than 60 nudiviral genes were identified from de novo assembled DNA contigs, and mapped to assembled genomic scaffolds of AG, indicating that an ancient nudivirus, named Aphis glycines endogenous nudivirus (AgENV), had integrated into the AG genome. Furthermore, sequences derived from a similar endogenous nudivirus, Melanaphis sacchari endogenous nudivirus (MsENV), were identified from the genomic scaffolds of the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari. Analysis of transcriptome and small RNA sequence data derived from AG did not provide evidence for transcription of the integrated AgENV genes. Hence, the genes of AgENV may be present as pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis based on nudivirus core genes indicated that these aphid ENVs belong to the genus Alphanudivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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15
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Gao G, Lin R, Tao M, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Ma H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang F. Molecular characterization of a novel white spot syndrome virus response protein (dubbed LvWRP) from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:99-107. [PMID: 31051195 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome, which is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a highly contagious disease of penaeid shrimp. However, there is currently incomplete understanding of the infection mechanism and pathogenesis of WSSV. In this study, a novel gene of a previously uncharacterized WSSV response protein (LvWRP) in Litopenaeus vannamei was identified and characterized. The LvWRP gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 879 bp encoding a putative protein of 292 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that LvWRP shared 24.9% identity with an uncharacterized protein of Penaeus monodon nudivirus. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that LvWRP was ubiquitously expressed in shrimp tissues, with transcript levels induced in hemocytes upon immune challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and WSSV. In addition, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge revealed significant decrease in the transcript levels of WSSV IE1 and VP28 genes coupled with a reduction in WSSV copies in shrimp hemocytes. Moreover, depletion of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge significantly increased the transcript levels of Vago4 and Vago5 as well as increased the phosphorylation of STAT, while hemocytes apoptosis in terms of caspase 3/7 activity was decreased. These results suggest that LvWRP is important for WSSV replication in shrimp, and therefore one of the vital host factors in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicai Gao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ruihong Lin
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mengyuan Tao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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16
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The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10086. [PMID: 31300678 PMCID: PMC6626001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases of crustaceans are increasingly recognised as challenges to shellfish farms and fisheries. Here we describe the first naturally-occurring virus reported in any clawed lobster species. Hypertrophied nuclei with emarginated chromatin, characteristic histopathological lesions of DNA virus infection, were observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus). Transmission electron microscopy revealed infection with a bacilliform virus containing a rod shaped nucleocapsid enveloped in an elliptical membrane. Assembly of PCR-free shotgun metagenomic sequencing produced a circular genome of 107,063 bp containing 97 open reading frames, the majority of which share sequence similarity with a virus infecting the black tiger shrimp: Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV). Multiple phylogenetic analyses confirm the new virus to be a novel member of the Nudiviridae: Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV). Evidence of occlusion body formation, characteristic of PmNV and its closest relatives, was not observed, questioning the horizontal transmission strategy of HgNV outside of the host. We discuss the potential impacts of HgNV on juvenile lobster growth and mortality and present HgNV-specific primers to serve as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the virus in wild and farmed lobster stocks.
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17
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The cysteine-rich region of a baculovirus VP91 protein contributes to the morphogenesis of occlusion bodies. Virology 2019; 535:144-153. [PMID: 31302508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus core gene vp91 has been reported to be essential for nucleocapsid assembly and oral infection. Here, we studied the function of vp91 by analyzing its homologue, ha76, in Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV). HA76 was expressed at the late stage of HearNPV infection; deletion of ha76 showed that the gene is required for budded virus production. A series of recombinants with truncated ha76 was constructed and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the region encoding the C-terminus of HA76 was essential for nucleocapsid assembly, whereas the N-terminal cysteine-rich region was responsible for oral infection. Electron microscope analyses further showed that the cysteine-rich region contributed to morphogenesis of occlusion bodies (OBs), with amino acids 136-223 of HA76 being critical for this function. The results revealed a novel function of VP91 and suggested that the impact on OB morphogenesis is partially related to oral infectivity.
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Wennmann JT, Keilwagen J, Jehle JA. Baculovirus Kimura two-parameter species demarcation criterion is confirmed by the distances of 38 core gene nucleotide sequences. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1307-1320. [PMID: 30045782 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kimura two-parameter nucleotide distance comparisons based on polyhedrin/granulin (polh/gran), late expression factor 8 (lef-8) and late expression factor 9 (lef-9) are a widely applied method for species demarcation for lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses. Baculoviruses are considered to belong to the same species when a pairwise distance threshold of 0.015 is not exceeded and are considered as possibly belonging to the same species with a distance of up to 0.050. In the present work this method was revised and extended for 172 entirely sequenced lepidopteran, hymenopteran and dipteran baculovirus genomes by applying the nucleotide sequences of all 38 known baculovirus core genes for pairwise distance calculations. On the basis of this large dataset, the previously established standard thresholds for baculovirus species demarcation were adjusted for pairwise nucleotide distances estimated from the alignments of all 38 core genes. With the newly applied thresholds for the 38 core-gene dataset, a more sophisticated Kimura two-parameter method was established, avoiding the possible influence of the chimerical polh gene of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Based on the new dataset, the present classification of baculovirus species was confirmed. Thereby the Kimura two-parameter method for baculovirus demarcation was extended to include the information from all 38 Baculoviridae core genes, which represent the established standard information for baculovirus phylogeny to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg T Wennmann
- 1Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstrasse 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jens Keilwagen
- 2Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety and Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Bauer-Strasse 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Jehle
- 1Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstrasse 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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19
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Development and application of a duplex PCR assay for detection of Crangon crangon bacilliform virus in populations of European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon). J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 153:195-202. [PMID: 29548517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crangon crangon bacilliform virus (CcBV) was first discovered in 2004 in European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) caught along the English coast. This study describes a duplex PCR assay developed for the detection of CcBV, based on amplification of the lef-8 gene (211 bp) of CcBV and the E75 gene (105 bp) of C. crangon as an internal amplification control. The lef-8 and E75 primer pairs were designed based on preliminary genome sequencing information of the virus and transcriptomic data available for C. crangon, respectively. Sequencing of the resulting amplicons confirmed the specificity of this PCR assay and sequence analysis of the lef-8 fragment revealed amino acid identity percentages ranging between 31 and 42% with members of the Nudiviridae, proposing that CcBV may reside within this family. Finally, the duplex PCR assay was applied to samples of C. crangon hepatopancreas tissue collected along the Belgian coast to screen for the presence of CcBV. The prevalence of CcBV averaged 87%, which is comparable to previous reports of high prevalence, based upon histological analysis, in shrimp collected along the English coast. Development of a specific and sensitive PCR assay to detect CcBV will provide a useful tool for future aquaculture and research programs involving C. crangon.
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20
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Hill T, Unckless RL. The dynamic evolution of Drosophila innubila Nudivirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 57:151-157. [PMID: 29155284 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Viruses coevolve with their hosts to overcome host resistance and gain the upper hand in the evolutionary arms race. Drosophila innubila nudivirus (DiNV) is a double stranded DNA virus, closely related to Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) and Kallithea virus. DiNV is the first DNA virus found to naturally infect Drosophila and therefore has the potential to be developed as a model for DNA virus immune defense and host/virus coevolution within its well-studied host system. Here we sequence and annotate the genome of DiNV and identify signatures of adaptation, revealing clues for genes involved in host-parasite coevolution. The circular genome is 155,555bp and contains 107 coding open reading frames (ORFs) and a wealth of AT-rich simple sequence repeats. While synteny is highly conserved between DiNV and Kallithea virus, it drops off rapidly as sequences become more divergent, consistent with rampant rearrangements across nudiviruses. Overall, we show that evolution of DiNV is likely due to adaptation of a very few genes coupled with high gene turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hill
- 4055 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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21
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Diversity of large DNA viruses of invertebrates. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:4-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Bojko J, Bącela-Spychalska K, Stebbing PD, Dunn AM, Grabowski M, Rachalewski M, Stentiford GD. Parasites, pathogens and commensals in the "low-impact" non-native amphipod host Gammarus roeselii. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:193. [PMID: 28427445 PMCID: PMC5397875 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whilst vastly understudied, pathogens of non-native species (NNS) are increasingly recognised as important threats to native wildlife. This study builds upon recent recommendations for improved screening for pathogens in NNS by focusing on populations of Gammarus roeselii in Chojna, north-western Poland. At this location, and in other parts of continental Europe, G. roeselii is considered a well-established and relatively ‘low-impact’ invader, with little understanding about its underlying pathogen profile and even less on potential spill-over of these pathogens to native species. Results Using a combination of histological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic approaches, we define a pathogen profile for non-native populations of G. roeselii in Poland. This profile comprised acanthocephalans (Polymorphus minutus Goese, 1782 and Pomphorhynchus sp.), digenean trematodes, commensal rotifers, commensal and parasitic ciliated protists, gregarines, microsporidia, a putative rickettsia-like organism, filamentous bacteria and two viral pathogens, the majority of which are previously unknown to science. To demonstrate potential for such pathogenic risks to be characterised from a taxonomic perspective, one of the pathogens, a novel microsporidian, is described based upon its pathology, developmental cycle and SSU rRNA gene phylogeny. The novel microsporidian Cucumispora roeselii n. sp. displayed closest morphological and phylogenetic similarity to two previously described taxa, Cucumispora dikerogammari (Ovcharenko & Kurandina, 1987), and Cucumispora ornata Bojko, Dunn, Stebbing, Ross, Kerr & Stentiford, 2015. Conclusions In addition to our discovery extending the host range for the genus Cucumispora Ovcharenko, Bacela, Wilkinson, Ironside, Rigaud & Wattier, 2010 outside of the amphipod host genus Dikerogammarus Stebbing, we reveal significant potential for the co-transfer of (previously unknown) pathogens alongside this host when invading novel locations. This study highlights the importance of pre-invasion screening of low-impact NNS and, provides a means to document and potentially mitigate the additional risks posed by previously unknown pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2108-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Pathology and Molecular Systematics Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Karolina Bącela-Spychalska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paul D Stebbing
- Epidemiology and Risk Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alison M Dunn
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Rachalewski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Pathology and Molecular Systematics Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK. .,European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
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Bézier A, Harichaux G, Musset K, Labas V, Herniou EA. Qualitative proteomic analysis of Tipula oleracea nudivirus occlusion bodies. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:284-295. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
| | - Grégoire Harichaux
- INRA, PRC UMR85-CNRS 7247-UFR-IFCE, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de masse, Plateforme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules et de Phénomique des Animaux d’Intérêt Bio-agronomique (PAIB2), Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Karine Musset
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- INRA, PRC UMR85-CNRS 7247-UFR-IFCE, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de masse, Plateforme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules et de Phénomique des Animaux d’Intérêt Bio-agronomique (PAIB2), Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
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25
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Bioinformatics analysis of codon usage patterns and influencing factors in Penaeus monodon nudivirus. Arch Virol 2015; 161:459-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The genome of the nucleopolyhedrosis-causing virus from Tipula oleracea sheds new light on the Nudiviridae family. J Virol 2014; 89:3008-25. [PMID: 25540386 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02884-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that produces occlusion bodies, typical of baculoviruses, has been described to infect crane fly larvae of the genus Tipula (Diptera, Tipulidae). Because of a lack of genomic data, this virus has remained unclassified. Electron microscopy of an archival virus isolated from Tipula oleracea, T. oleracea nudivirus (ToNV), showed irregularly shaped occlusion bodies measuring from 2 to 5 μm in length and 2 μm in middiameter, filled with rod-shape virions containing single nucleocapsids within a bilayer envelope. Whole-genome amplification and Roche 454 sequencing revealed a complete circular genome sequence of 145.7 kb, containing five direct repeat regions. We predicted 131 open reading frames, including a homolog of the polyhedrin gene encoding the major occlusion body protein of T. paludosa nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). BLAST searches demonstrated that ToNV had 21 of the 37 baculovirus core genes but shared 52 genes with nudiviruses (NVs). Phylogenomic analyses indicated that ToNV clearly belongs to the Nudiviridae family but should probably be assigned to a new genus. Among nudiviruses, ToNV was most closely related to the Penaeus monodon NV and Heliothis zea NV clade but distantly related to Drosophila innubia NV, the other nudivirus infecting a Diptera. Lastly, ToNV was found to be most closely related to the nuvidirus ancestor of bracoviruses. This was also reflected in terms of gene content, as ToNV was the only known exogenous virus harboring homologs of the Cc50C22.6 and 27b (Cc50C22.7) genes found in the nudiviral genomic cluster involved in bracovirus particle production. IMPORTANCE The Nudiviridae is a family of arthropod dsDNA viruses from which striking cases of endogenization have been reported (i.e., symbiotic bracoviruses deriving from a nudivirus and the endogenous nudivirus of the brown planthopper). Although related to baculoviruses, relatively little is known about the genomic diversity of exogenous nudiviruses. Here, we characterized, morphologically and genetically, an archival sample of the Tipula oleracea nudivirus (ToNV), which has the particularity of forming occlusion bodies. Comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses showed ToNV to be to date the closest known relative of the exogenous ancestor of bracoviruses and that ToNV should be assigned to a new genus. Moreover, we revised the homology relationships of nudiviral genes and identified a new set of 32 core genes for the Nudiviridae, of which 21 were also baculovirus core genes. These findings provide important insights into the evolutionary history of large arthropod dsDNA viruses.
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