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Ferraro G, Tito G, Sciortino G, Garribba E, Merlino A. Stabilization and Binding of [V 4 O 12 ] 4- and Unprecedented [V 20 O 54 (NO 3 )] n- to Lysozyme upon Loss of Ligands and Oxidation of the Potential Drug V IV O(acetylacetonato) 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310655. [PMID: 37768728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution crystal structures of lysozyme in the presence of the potential drug VIV O(acetylacetonato)2 under two different experimental conditions have been solved. The crystallographic study reveals the loss of the ligands, the oxidation of VIV to VV and the subsequent formation of adducts of the protein with two different polyoxidovanadates: [V4 O12 ]4- , which interacts with lysozyme non-covalently, and the unprecedented [V20 O54 (NO3 )]n- , which is covalenty bound to the side chain of an aspartate residue of symmetry related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
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2
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Ibuki T, Iwasawa S, Lian AA, Lye PY, Maruta R, Asano SI, Kotani E, Mori H. Development of a cypovirus protein microcrystal-encapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis UV-tolerant and mosquitocidal δ-endotoxin. Biol Open 2022; 11:276429. [PMID: 36017723 PMCID: PMC9548375 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ-endotoxin Cry4Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) has insecticidal characteristics specific to insects of the order Diptera. Although Cry4Aa has shown potential as an effective proteinaceous pesticide against mosquitoes, it has an ultraviolet (UV)-intolerant property that limits its outdoor use. Our previous research showed that protein microcrystal polyhedra from Bombyx mori cypovirus can encapsulate diverse foreign proteins and maintain long-term protein activity under hostile environmental conditions, including UV irradiation. In this study, we report the development of polyhedra encapsulating the Cry4Aa insecticidal activity domain by using a modified baculovirus expression system. We confirmed the oral intake of recombinant polyhedra introduced into the experimental environment by the larvae of a mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and delivery of encapsulated proteins into the digestive tract. The polyhedra encapsulating partial Cry4Aa showed mosquito larvicidal activity during incubation of larvae with 50% lethal-dose value of 23.717×104 cubes for 10 Aedes albopictus larvae in 1 ml water. In addition, polyhedra showed a specific property to reduce the impact of UV-C irradiation on the activity of encapsulated partial Cry4Aa, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of encapsulating Bti δ-endotoxins inside polyhedra to increase the availability of proteinaceous pesticides for outdoor use for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ibuki
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwasawa
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ai Ai Lian
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ping Ying Lye
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Rina Maruta
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Asano
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Entomology, Division of Agrobiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kotani
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hajime Mori
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Maffucci RW. On polyhedral graphs and their complements. Aequ Math 2022; 96:939-953. [PMID: 36117737 PMCID: PMC9474462 DOI: 10.1007/s00010-022-00902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We find all polyhedral graphs such that their complements are still polyhedral. These turn out to be all self-complementary.
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Redondo Buitrago A. Polyhedra and Honeycombs in a Coffered Ceiling in the Picasso Museum in Malaga. Nexus Netw J 2022; 24:621-640. [PMID: 35531370 PMCID: PMC9069946 DOI: 10.1007/s00004-022-00607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reflects upon the remarkable ceiling of the Picasso Museum in Malaga, an example of the wooden coffered ceilings built during the early Renaissance in Spain. The unusual design of the ceiling is based on octagons surrounded by four-pointed stars. This is used as the point of departure for a mathematical investigation of polyhedral forms. Two different polyhedra are constructed, conceived in such a way that the honeycombs generated by them, can be considered a polyhedral generalization of the planar pattern of regular octagons and four-pointed stars. Both are constructed by means of special truncations of a cube. The truncation procedure is extended to construct a polyhedral generalization of the planar pattern of four-pointed stars and 45° rhombuses; in this case, the polyhedron obtained is a variation of one of the star polyhedra drawn by Jamnitzer. The geometric honeycombs thus defined could be used as models for new designs.
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Abstract
Viral infection causes comprehensive rearrangements of the cell that reflect as much host defense mechanisms as virus-induced structures assembled to facilitate infection. Regardless of their pro- or antiviral role, large intracellular structures are readily detectable by microscopy and often provide a signature characteristic of a specific viral infection. The structural features and localization of these assemblies have thus been commonly used for the diagnostic and classification of viruses since the early days of virology. More recently, characterization of viral superstructures using molecular and structural approaches have revealed very diverse organizations and roles, ranging from dynamic viral factories behaving like liquid organelles to ultra-stable crystals embedding and protecting virions. This chapter reviews the structures, functions and biotechnological applications of virus-induced superstructures with a focus on assemblies that have a regular organization, for which detailed structural descriptions are available. Examples span viruses infecting all domains of life including the assembly of virions into crystalline arrays in eukaryotic and bacterial viruses, nucleus-like compartments involved in the replication of large bacteriophages, and pyramid-like structures mediating the egress of archaeal viruses. Among these superstructures, high-resolution structures are available for crystalline objects produced by insect viruses: viral polyhedra which function as the infectious form of occluded viruses, and spindles which are potent virulence factors of entomopoxviruses. In turn, some of these highly symmetrical objects have been used to develop and validate advanced structural approaches, pushing the boundary of structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasséli Coulibaly
- Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Zhou F, Kuang W, Wang X, Hou D, Huang H, Sun X, Deng F, Wang H, van Oers MM, Wang M, Hu Z. The cysteine-rich region of a baculovirus VP91 protein contributes to the morphogenesis of occlusion bodies. Virology 2019; 535:144-53. [PMID: 31302508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus core gene vp91 has been reported to be essential for nucleocapsid assembly and oral infection. Here, we studied the function of vp91 by analyzing its homologue, ha76, in Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV). HA76 was expressed at the late stage of HearNPV infection; deletion of ha76 showed that the gene is required for budded virus production. A series of recombinants with truncated ha76 was constructed and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the region encoding the C-terminus of HA76 was essential for nucleocapsid assembly, whereas the N-terminal cysteine-rich region was responsible for oral infection. Electron microscope analyses further showed that the cysteine-rich region contributed to morphogenesis of occlusion bodies (OBs), with amino acids 136-223 of HA76 being critical for this function. The results revealed a novel function of VP91 and suggested that the impact on OB morphogenesis is partially related to oral infectivity.
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Mori H, Oda N, Abe S, Ueno T, Zhu W, Pernstich C, Pezzotti G. Raman spectroscopy insight into Norovirus encapsulation in Bombyx mori cypovirus cubic microcrystals. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 203:19-30. [PMID: 29857257 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein and amino acid structures of Norovirus-like particles (NoVLP) have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy before and after encapsulation into Bombyx mori cypovirus (BmCPV) cubic microcrystals, which are usually referred to as cubes or polyhedra. Two different types of tag were used in co-expression, namely VP3 and H1 tags. VP3 tag is derived from a capsid protein VP4 from BmCPV and H1 tag is N-terminal α-helix of BmCPV polyhedrin, respectively. A major capsid protein VP1 of NoVLP G11.4 was fused with H1 or VP3 tags, and then encapsulated into BmCPV polyhedra. Analyses of the spectroscopic data permitted the assignment of conformation-sensitive Raman bands to viral amino acid constituents and the observation of structural similarities or differences between differently tagged samples. Three separate Raman zones were attentioned, namely, the ring-mode structure region (1000-1500 cm-1), the CO and CC double-bond region and its surroundings (1500-1750 cm-1), and the high-frequency CH stretching region (2800-3100 cm-1). Structural fingerprints could be found in specific spectral zones for differently co-expressed samples. One clear characteristic of the H1-tagged VP1 polyhedra was the increase in tyrosine fraction, which played a critical role in binding neighboring strands through its unpaired negatively charged COO- sites. This feature could consistently be detected in different regions, but it was best represented by Raman signals associated with negatively charged COO- sites and H1 helices in the double-bond region. Such peculiar chemical features were revealed by two relatively broad bands at 1570 and 1630 cm-1, which were assigned to COO- anti-symmetric stretching and amide I in 310-helix extensions to α-helices at N-termini, respectively. These specific features did not display in the spectrum of the VP3-tagged VP1 polyhedra. Concurrently, a strong reduction of CH bond Raman signal was noticed in the high frequency stretching region of the Raman spectrum upon H1-tagged VP1 polyhedra. The Raman activity most strikingly also represented fingerprints of tagged NoVLP VP1 after its encapsulation into BmCPV polyhedra, opening thus the possibility to in situ advanced experiments in the fields of drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Mori
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan; The Center for Advanced Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Oda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8501 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8501 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chris Pernstich
- Cell Guidance Systems, Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University,6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan; The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi dori, 602-0841 Kyoto, Japan; The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan.
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8
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiological program of cell suicide conserved in invertebrates and vertebrates. Apoptosis is crucial to the normal development of organisms and in tissue homeostasis by promoting elimination of unwanted cells, including damaged or virus-infected cells. Due to the importance of programmed cell death for the survival of the organism, a tight regulation is exerted at various activation levels of the cell-death machinery. The utilization of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) to identify genes that inhibit the apoptotic process will be described using a transfection-based approach, illustrated by identification of the p49 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Chejanovsky
- Entomology Department, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center, POB 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.
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Gross E, Harrington HA, Rosen Z, Sturmfels B. Algebraic Systems Biology: A Case Study for the Wnt Pathway. Bull Math Biol 2015; 78:21-51. [PMID: 26645985 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-015-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state analysis of dynamical systems for biological networks gives rise to algebraic varieties in high-dimensional spaces whose study is of interest in their own right. We demonstrate this for the shuttle model of the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, the variety is described by a polynomial system in 19 unknowns and 36 parameters. It has degree 9 over the parameter space. This case study explores multistationarity, model comparison, dynamics within regions of the state space, identifiability, and parameter estimation, from a geometric point of view. We employ current methods from computational algebraic geometry, polyhedral geometry, and combinatorics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zvi Rosen
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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Ji X, Axford D, Owen R, Evans G, Ginn HM, Sutton G, Stuart DI. Polyhedra structures and the evolution of the insect viruses. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:88-99. [PMID: 26291392 PMCID: PMC4597613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyhedra represent an ancient system used by a number of insect viruses to protect virions during long periods of environmental exposure. We present high resolution crystal structures of polyhedra for seven previously uncharacterised types of cypoviruses, four using ab initio selenomethionine phasing (two of these required over 100 selenomethionine crystals each). Approximately 80% of residues are structurally equivalent between all polyhedrins (pairwise rmsd ⩽ 1.5 Å), whilst pairwise sequence identities, based on structural alignment, are as little as 12%. These structures illustrate the effect of 400 million years of evolution on a system where the crystal lattice is the functionally conserved feature in the face of massive sequence variability. The conservation of crystal contacts is maintained across most of the molecular surface, except for a dispensable virus recognition domain. By spreading the contacts over so much of the protein surface the lattice remains robust in the face of many individual changes. Overall these unusual structural constraints seem to have skewed the molecule's evolution so that surface residues are almost as conserved as the internal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ji
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Axford
- Diamond House, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Owen
- Diamond House, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyndaf Evans
- Diamond House, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Ginn
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Sutton
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, United Kingdom,Diamond House, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom,Corresponding author at: Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.Division of Structural BiologyThe Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOxfordshireOX3 7BNUnited Kingdom
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Shimabukuro J, Yamaoka A, Murata KI, Kotani E, Hirano T, Nakajima Y, Matsumoto G, Mori H. 3D co-cultures of keratinocytes and melanocytes and cytoprotective effects on keratinocytes against reactive oxygen species by insect virus-derived protein microcrystals. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2014; 42:64-9. [PMID: 25063093 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stable protein microcrystals called polyhedra are produced by certain insect viruses. Cytokines, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), can be immobilized within polyhedra. Here, we investigated three-dimensional (3D) co-cultures of keratinocytes and melanocytes on collagen gel containing FGF-2 and FGF-7 polyhedra. Melanocytes were observed to reside at the base of the 3D cell culture and melanin was also typically observed in the lower layer. The 3D cell culture model with FGF-2 and FGF-7 polyhedra was a useful in vitro model of the epidermis due to effective melanogenesis, proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. FGF-7 polyhedra showed a potent cytoprotective effect when keratinocytes were treated with menadione, which is a generator of reactive oxygen species. The cytoprotective effect was activated by the inositol triphosphate kinase-Akt pathway leading to upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Shimabukuro
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamaoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Murata
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Kotani
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan; Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hirano
- Venture Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Functional Genomics Group, COMB, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Goichi Matsumoto
- Division of Oral Surgery, Yokohama Clinical Education Center of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hajime Mori
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan; Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.
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Matsumoto G, Hirohata R, Hayashi K, Sugimoto Y, Kotani E, Shimabukuro J, Hirano T, Nakajima Y, Kawamata S, Mori H. Control of angiogenesis by VEGF and endostatin-encapsulated protein microcrystals and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1326-33. [PMID: 24210874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of cytokines within protein microcrystals (polyhedra) is a promising approach for the stabilization and delivery of therapeutic proteins. Here, we investigate the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) microcrystals and endostatin microcrystals on angiogenesis. VEGF was successfully encapsulated into microcrystals derived from insect cypovirus with overexpression of protein disulfide bond isomerase. VEGF microcrystals were observed to increase the phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinase and to stimulate the proliferation, migration, and network and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Endostatin was also successfully encapsulated into microcrystals. Endostatin microcrystals showed antiangiogenesis activities and inhibited the migration, and network and tube formation of HUVECs. Local administration of endostatin microcrystals in mice inhibited both angiogenesis and tumor growth with clear significant differences between treatment and control groups. Endostatin microcrystals only affected angiogenesis, but had no significant effect on lymphangiogenesis compared to controls. Local therapy using endostatin microcrystals offers a potential approach to achieve sustained therapeutic release of antiangiogenic molecules for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Matsumoto
- Division of Oral Surgery, Yokohama Clinical Education Center of Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-0835, Japan
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