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Alboasud M, Jeong H, Lee T. Complete Mitochondrial Genomes and Phylogenetic Analysis of Genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridae). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5575. [PMID: 38891763 PMCID: PMC11171911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Henricia is known to have intraspecific morphological variations, making species identification difficult. Therefore, molecular phylogeny analysis based on genetic characteristics is valuable for species identification. We present complete mitochondrial genomic sequences of Henricia longispina aleutica, H. reniossa, and H. sanguinolenta for the first time in this study. This study will make a significant contribution to our understanding of Henricia species and its relationships within the class Asteroidea. Lengths of mitochondrial genomes of the three species are 16,217, 16,223, and 16,194 bp, respectively, with a circular form. These genomes contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a D-loop. The gene order and direction aligned with other asteroid species. Phylogenetic relationship analysis showed that our Henricia species were in a monophyletic clade with other Henricia species and in a large clade with species (Echinaster brasiliensis) from the same family. These findings provide valuable insight into understanding the phylogenetic relationships of species in the genus Henricia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alboasud
- Marine Biological Resource Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Jeong
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekjun Lee
- Marine Biological Resource Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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2
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Structure and proteomic analysis of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster sp.) radial nerve cord. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3349. [PMID: 36849815 PMCID: PMC9971248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system of the Asteroidea (starfish or seastar) consists of radial nerve cords (RNCs) that interconnect with a ring nerve. Despite its relative simplicity, it facilitates the movement of multiple arms and numerous tube feet, as well as regeneration of damaged limbs. Here, we investigated the RNC ultrastructure and its molecular components within the of Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster sp.), a well-known coral predator that in high-density outbreaks has major ecological impacts on coral reefs. We describe the presence of an array of unique small bulbous bulbs (40-100 μm diameter) that project from the ectoneural region of the adult RNC. Each comprise large secretory-like cells and prominent cilia. In contrast, juvenile COTS and its congener Acanthaster brevispinus lack these features, both of which are non-corallivorous. Proteomic analysis of the RNC (and isolated neural bulbs) provides the first comprehensive echinoderm protein database for neural tissue, including numerous secreted proteins associated with signalling, transport and defence. The neural bulbs contained several neuropeptides (e.g., bombyxin-type, starfish myorelaxant peptide, secretogranin 7B2-like, Ap15a-like, and ApNp35) and Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor 1-like proteins. In summary, this study provides a new insight into the novel traits of COTS, a major pest on coral reefs, and a proteomics resource that can be used to develop (bio)control strategies and understand molecular mechanisms of regeneration.
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Mashanov V, Machado DJ, Reid R, Brouwer C, Kofsky J, Janies DA. Twinkle twinkle brittle star: the draft genome of Ophioderma brevispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) as a resource for regeneration research. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:574. [PMID: 35953768 PMCID: PMC9367165 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinoderms are established models in experimental and developmental biology, however genomic resources are still lacking for many species. Here, we present the draft genome of Ophioderma brevispinum, an emerging model organism in the field of regenerative biology. This new genomic resource provides a reference for experimental studies of regenerative mechanisms. Results We report a de novo nuclear genome assembly for the brittle star O. brevispinum and annotation facilitated by the transcriptome assembly. The final assembly is 2.68 Gb in length and contains 146,703 predicted protein-coding gene models. We also report a mitochondrial genome for this species, which is 15,831 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs genes, respectively. In addition, 29 genes of the Notch signaling pathway are identified to illustrate the practical utility of the assembly for studies of regeneration. Conclusions The sequenced and annotated genome of O. brevispinum presented here provides the first such resource for an ophiuroid model species. Considering the remarkable regenerative capacity of this species, this genome will be an essential resource in future research efforts on molecular mechanisms regulating regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12864-022-08750-y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mashanov
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, 27101, NC, USA. .,University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, 32224, FL, USA.
| | - Denis Jacob Machado
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, 28223, NC, USA
| | - Robert Reid
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, North Carolina Research Campus, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Cory Brouwer
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, North Carolina Research Campus, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Janice Kofsky
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, 28223, NC, USA
| | - Daniel A Janies
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, 28223, NC, USA
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4
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Yuasa H, Kajitani R, Nakamura Y, Takahashi K, Okuno M, Kobayashi F, Shinoda T, Toyoda A, Suzuki Y, Thongtham N, Forsman Z, Bronstein O, Seveso D, Montalbetti E, Taquet C, Eyal G, Yasuda N, Itoh T. Elucidation of the speciation history of three sister species of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp.) based on genomic analysis. DNA Res 2021; 28:6350483. [PMID: 34387305 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) is a coral predator that is widely distributed in Indo-Pacific Oceans. A previous phylogenetic study using partial mitochondrial sequences suggested that COTS had diverged into four distinct species, but a nuclear genome-based analysis to confirm this was not conducted. To address this, COTS species nuclear genome sequences were analysed here, sequencing Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) and Red Sea (RS) species genomes for the first time, followed by a comparative analysis with the Pacific Ocean (PO) species. Phylogenetic analysis and ADMIXTURE analysis revealed clear divergences between the three COTS species. Furthermore, within the PO species, the phylogenetic position of the Hawaiian sample was further away from the other Pacific-derived samples than expected based on the mitochondrial data, suggesting that it may be a PO subspecies. The pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent model showed that the trajectories of the population size diverged by region during the Mid-Pleistocene transition when the sea-level was dramatically decreased, strongly suggesting that the three COTS species experienced allopatric speciation. Analysis of the orthologues indicated that there were remarkable genes with species-specific positive selection in the genomes of the PO and RS species, which suggested that there may be local adaptations in the COTS species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yuasa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Rei Kajitani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takahashi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Miki Okuno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kobayashi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shinoda
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima City, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 272-8562, Japan
| | | | - Zac Forsman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Sciences & Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Coconut Island, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
| | - Omri Bronstein
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.,The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Marine Research and High Education Center (MaRHE Center), 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Republic of Maldives
| | - Enrico Montalbetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Marine Research and High Education Center (MaRHE Center), 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Republic of Maldives
| | | | - Gal Eyal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nina Yasuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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5
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Quek ZBR, Chang JJM, Ip YCA, Chan YKS, Huang D. Mitogenomes Reveal Alternative Initiation Codons and Lineage-Specific Gene Order Conservation in Echinoderms. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:981-985. [PMID: 33027524 PMCID: PMC7947835 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genetic code is much more varied than the standard genetic code. The invertebrate mitochondrial code, for instance, comprises six initiation codons, including five alternative start codons. However, only two initiation codons are known in the echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code, the canonical ATG and alternative GTG. Here, we analyzed 23 Asteroidea mitogenomes, including ten newly sequenced species and unambiguously identified at least two other start codons, ATT and ATC, both of which also initiate translation of mitochondrial genes in other invertebrates. These findings underscore the diversity of the genetic code and expand upon the suite of initiation codons among echinoderms to avoid erroneous annotations. Our analyses have also uncovered the remarkable conservation of gene order among asteroids, echinoids, and holothuroids, with only an interchange between two gene positions in asteroids over ∼500 Ma of echinoderm evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Jin Marc Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Cheong Aden Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Kit Samuel Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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An Investigation into the Genetic History of Japanese Populations of Three Starfish, Acanthaster planci, Linckia laevigata, and Asterias amurensis, Based on Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequences. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:2519-2528. [PMID: 32471940 PMCID: PMC7341131 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci (COTS), are common in coral reefs of Indo-Pacific Ocean. Since they are highly fecund predators of corals, periodic outbreaks of COTS cause substantial loss of healthy coral reefs. Using complete mitochondrial DNA sequences, we here examined how COTS outbreaks in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan are reflected by the profile of their population genetics. Population genetics of the blue starfish, Linckia laevigata, which lives in the Ryukyu Archipelago, but not break out and the northern Pacific sea star, Asterias amurensis, which lives in colder seawater around the main Islands of Japan, were also examined as controls. Our results showed that As. amurensis has at least two local populations that diverged approximately 4.7 million years ago (MYA), and no genetic exchanges have occurred between the populations since then. Linckia laevigata shows two major populations in the Ryukyu Archipelago that likely diverged ∼6.8 MYA. The two populations, each comprised of individuals collected from coast of the Okinawa Island and those from the Ishigaki Island, suggest the presence of two cryptic species in the Ryukyu Archipelago. On the other hand, population genetics of COTS showed a profile quite different from those of Asterias and Linckia. At least five lineages of COTS have arisen since their divergence ∼0.7 MYA, and each of the lineages is present at the Okinawa Island, Miyako Island, and Ishigaki Island. These results suggest that COTS have experienced repeated genetic bottlenecks that may be associated with or caused by repeated outbreaks.
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7
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Ruiz-Ramos DV, Schiebelhut LM, Hoff KJ, Wares JP, Dawson MN. An initial comparative genomic autopsy of wasting disease in sea stars. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1087-1102. [PMID: 32069379 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Beginning in 2013, sea stars throughout the Eastern North Pacific were decimated by wasting disease, also known as "asteroid idiopathic wasting syndrome" (AIWS) due to its elusive aetiology. The geographic extent and taxonomic scale of AIWS meant events leading up to the outbreak were heterogeneous, multifaceted, and oftentimes unobserved; progression from morbidity to death was rapid, leaving few tell-tale symptoms. Here, we take a forensic genomic approach to discover candidate genes that may help explain sea star wasting syndrome. We report the first genome and annotation for Pisaster ochraceus, along with differential gene expression (DGE) analyses in four size classes, three tissue types, and in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. We integrate nucleotide polymorphisms associated with survivors of the wasting disease outbreak, DGE associated with temperature treatments in P. ochraceus, and DGE associated with wasting in another asteroid Pycnopodia helianthoides. In P. ochraceus, we found DGE across all tissues, among size classes, and between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals; the strongest wasting-associated DGE signal was in pyloric caecum. We also found previously identified outlier loci co-occur with differentially expressed genes. In cross-species comparisons of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, consistent responses distinguish genes associated with invertebrate innate immunity and chemical defence, consistent with context-dependent stress responses, defensive apoptosis, and tissue degradation. Our analyses thus highlight genomic constituents that may link suspected environmental drivers (elevated temperature) with intrinsic differences among individuals (age/size, alleles associated with susceptibility) that elicit organismal responses (e.g., coelomocyte proliferation) and manifest as sea star wasting mass mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannise V Ruiz-Ramos
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Lauren M Schiebelhut
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Katharina J Hoff
- Institute for Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - John P Wares
- Department of Genetics and the Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael N Dawson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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8
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Guerra V, Haynes G, Byrne M, Yasuda N, Adachi S, Nakamura M, Nakachi S, Hart MW. Nonspecific expression of fertilization genes in the crown-of-thorns Acanthaster cf. solaris: Unexpected evidence of hermaphroditism in a coral reef predator. Mol Ecol 2019; 29:363-379. [PMID: 31837059 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of gene expression in gametes has advanced our understanding of the molecular basis for ecological variation in reproductive success and the evolution of reproductive isolation. These advances are especially significant for ecologically important keystone predators such as the coral-eating crown-of-thorns sea stars (COTS, Acanthaster) which are the most influential predator species in Indo-Pacific coral reef ecosystems and the focus of intensive management efforts. We used RNA-seq and transcriptome assemblies to characterize the expression of genes in mature COTS gonads. We described the sequence and domain organization of eight genes with sex-specific expression and well known functions in fertilization in other echinoderms. We found unexpected expression of genes in one ovary transcriptome that are characteristic of males and sperm, including genes that encode the sperm-specific guanylate cyclase receptor for an egg pheromone, and the sperm acrosomal protein bindin. In a reassembly of previously published RNA-seq data from COTS testes, we found a complementary pattern: strong expression of four genes that are otherwise well known to encode egg-specific fertilization proteins, including the egg receptor for bindin (EBR1) and the acrosome reaction-inducing substance in the egg coat (ARIS1, ARIS2, ARIS3). We also found histological evidence of both eggs and sperm developing in the same gonad in several COTS individuals from a parallel study. These results suggest the occurrence of hermaphrodites, and the potential for reproductive assurance via self-fertilization. Our findings have implications for management of COTS populations, especially in consideration of the large size and massive fecundity of these sea stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Guerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gwilym Haynes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Langara College, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nina Yasuda
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Souta Adachi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masako Nakamura
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Michael W Hart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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9
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Quek ZBR, Chang JJM, Ip YCA, Huang D. Complete mitochondrial genome of the sea star Archaster typicus (Asteroidea: Archasteridae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 4:3130-3132. [PMID: 33365885 PMCID: PMC7706473 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1666676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the widespread and common Indo-Pacific sea star Archaster typicus has been sequenced in this study. The mitogenome is 16,230 base pairs (bp) in length, with 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. Gene order of its PCGs and rRNAs matches those of nine other asteroid taxa included for comparison in this study, and it has a similar nucleotide composition of 33.08% A, 26.38% T, 25.53% C and 15.01% G nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses place A. typicus as the sister group to Acanthaster spp., consistent with previous inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Jin Marc Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Cheong Aden Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Mu W, Liu J, Zhang H. The first complete mitochondrial genome of the Mariana Trench Freyastera benthophila (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Brisingidae) allows insights into the deep-sea adaptive evolution of Brisingida. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10673-10686. [PMID: 30519397 PMCID: PMC6262923 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Starfish (phylum Echinodermata) are ecologically important and diverse members of marine ecosystems in all of the world's oceans, from the shallow water to the hadal zone. The deep sea is recognized as an extremely harsh environment on earth. In this study, we present the mitochondrial genome sequence of Mariana Trench starfish Freyastera benthophila, and this study is the first to explore in detail the mitochondrial genome of a deep-sea member of the order Brisingida. Similar to other starfish, it contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes (duplication of two tRNAs: trnL and trnS). Twenty-two of these genes are encoded on the positive strand, while the other 15 are encoded on the negative strand. The gene arrangement was identical to those of sequenced starfish. Phylogenetic analysis showed the deep-sea Brisingida as a sister taxon to the traditional members of the Asteriidae. Positive selection analysis indicated that five residues (8 N and 16 I in atp8, 47 D and 196 V in nad2, 599 N in nad5) were positively selected sites with high posterior probabilities. Compared these features with shallow sea starfish, we predict that variation specifically in atp8, nad2, and nad5 may play an important role in F. benthophila's adaptation to deep-sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Mu
- Institute of Deep‐Sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Deep‐Sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Institute of Deep‐Sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina
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11
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Lee T, Shin S. Complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Distolasterias nipon (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Forcipulatida). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:1290-1291. [PMID: 33474496 PMCID: PMC7800799 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1501313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Distolasterias nipon belonging to the class Asteroidea in the phylum Echinodermata. The complete mitogenome of D. nipon was 16,193 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. The orders of PCGs and rRNAs were identical to those of the eight recorded mitogenomes of asteroids. The phylogenetic tree determined by the maximum likelihood method revealed that D. nipon was clearly grouped with Aphelasterias japonica and Asterias amurensis, which belong to the family Asteriidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekjun Lee
- Marine Biological Resource Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Shin
- Marine Biological Resource Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Chemistry Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Galaska MP, Li Y, Kocot KM, Mahon AR, Halanych KM. Conservation of mitochondrial genome arrangements in brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 130:115-120. [PMID: 30316947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brittle stars are conspicuous members of benthic ecosystems, fill many ecological niches and are the most speciose of all classes of echinoderms. With high levels of biodiversity, elucidating the evolutionary history of this group is important. Understanding of higher-level relationships within Ophiuroidea has been aided by multilocus nuclear data and DNA barcoding. However, the degree of consistency between mitochondrial and nuclear data within ophiuroids remains unclear and deserves further assessment. In this study, 17 mitochondrial genomes spanning the taxonomic breadth of Ophiuroidea were utilized to explore evolutionary relationships through maximum likelihood analyses, Bayesian inference and comparative assessment of gene order. Our phylogenetic analyses, based on both nucleotide and amino acid residues, support recent findings based on multilocus nuclear data and morphology, in that the brittle star clades Ophintegrida and Euryophiurida were recovered as monophyletic with the latter comprising Euyalida, Ophiuridae and Ophiopyrgidae. Only three different arrangements of the 13 protein coding and 2 ribosomal RNA genes were observed. As expected, tRNA genes were more likely to have undergone rearrangement but the order of all 37 genes was found to be conserved in all sampled Euryalida and Ophiuridae. Both Euryalida and the clade comprised of Ophiuridae and Ophiopyrgidae, each had their own conserved rearrangement of protein coding genes and ribosomal genes, after divergence from their last common ancestor. Euryalida has a rearrangement of the two ribosomal RNA genes, rrnS and rrnL, in contrast to Ophiuridae and Ophiopyrgidae, which had an inversion of the genes nad1, nad2, and cob relative to Ophintegrida. Further, our data support the gene order found in all sampled Euryalida as the most likely ancestral order for all Ophiuroidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Galaska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Yuanning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kevin M Kocot
- Department of Biological Sciences and Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Andrew R Mahon
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Kenneth M Halanych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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13
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Persistent Gaps of Knowledge for Naming and Distinguishing Multiple Species of Crown-of-Thorns-Seastar in the Acanthaster planci Species Complex. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Microsatellites Reveal Genetic Homogeneity among Outbreak Populations of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. DIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Zazueta-Novoa V, Onorato TM, Reyes G, Oulhen N, Wessel GM. Complexity of Yolk Proteins and Their Dynamics in the Sea Star Patiria miniata. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 230:209-19. [PMID: 27365416 PMCID: PMC5103698 DOI: 10.1086/bblv230n3p209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oviparous animals store yolk proteins within the developing oocyte. These proteins are used in gametogenesis and as a nutritional source for embryogenesis. Vitellogenin and the major yolk protein are two of the most important yolk proteins among diverse species of invertebrates and vertebrates. Among the echinoderms, members of the subphyla Echinozoa (sea urchins and sea cucumbers) express the major yolk protein (MYP) but not vitellogenin (Vtg), while an initial report has documented that two Asterozoa (sea stars) express a vitellogenin. Our results show that sea stars contain two vitellogenins, Vtg 1 and Vtg 2, and MYP. In Patiria miniata, these genes are differentially expressed in the somatic and germ cells of the ovary: Vtg 1 is enriched in the somatic cells of the ovary but not in the oocytes, and Vtg 2 accumulates in both oocytes and somatic cells; MYP is not robustly present in either. Remarkably, Vtg 2 and MYP mRNA reappear in larvae; Vtg 2 is detected within cells of the ectoderm, and MYP accumulates in the coelomic pouches, the intestine, and the posterior enterocoel (PE), the site of germ line formation in this animal. Additionally, the Vtg 2 protein is present in oocytes, follicle cells, and developing embryos, but becomes undetectable following gastrulation. These results help elucidate the mechanisms involved in yolk dynamics, and provide molecular information that allows for greater understanding of the evolution of these important gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Zazueta-Novoa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Box G-SFH, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; and
| | - Thomas M Onorato
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College/CUNY, Room M207, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, New York 11101
| | - Gerardo Reyes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Box G-SFH, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; and Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College/CUNY, Room M207, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, New York 11101
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Box G-SFH, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; and
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Box G-SFH, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; and
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Phylogeography of the crown-of-thorns starfish in the Indian Ocean. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43499. [PMID: 22927975 PMCID: PMC3424128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the limits and population dynamics of closely related sibling species in the marine realm is particularly relevant in organisms that require management. The crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, recently shown to be a species complex of at least four closely related species, is a coral predator infamous for its outbreaks that have devastated reefs throughout much of its Indo-Pacific distribution. Methodology/Principal Findings In this first Indian Ocean-wide genetic study of a marine organism we investigated the genetic structure and inferred the paleohistory of the two Indian Ocean sister-species of Acanthaster planci using mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses. We suggest that the first of two main diversification events led to the formation of a Southern and Northern Indian Ocean sister-species in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene. The second led to the formation of two internal clades within each species around the onset of the last interglacial. The subsequent demographic history of the two lineages strongly differed, the Southern Indian Ocean sister-species showing a signature of recent population expansion and hardly any regional structure, whereas the Northern Indian Ocean sister-species apparently maintained a constant size with highly differentiated regional groupings that were asymmetrically connected by gene flow. Conclusions/Significance Past and present surface circulation patterns in conjunction with ocean primary productivity were identified as the processes most likely to have shaped the genetic structure between and within the two Indian Ocean lineages. This knowledge will help to understand the biological or ecological differences of the two sibling species and therefore aid in developing strategies to manage population outbreaks of this coral predator in the Indian Ocean.
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Liu GH, Wang SY, Huang WY, Zhao GH, Wei SJ, Song HQ, Xu MJ, Lin RQ, Zhou DH, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of Galba pervia (Gastropoda: Mollusca), an intermediate host snail of Fasciola spp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42172. [PMID: 22844544 PMCID: PMC3406003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes and the gene rearrangements are increasingly used as molecular markers for investigating phylogenetic relationships. Contributing to the complete mt genomes of Gastropoda, especially Pulmonata, we determined the mt genome of the freshwater snail Galba pervia, which is an important intermediate host for Fasciola spp. in China. The complete mt genome of G. pervia is 13,768 bp in length. Its genome is circular, and consists of 37 genes, including 13 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA, 22 genes for tRNA. The mt gene order of G. pervia showed novel arrangement (tRNA-His, tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Tyr change positions and directions) when compared with mt genomes of Pulmonata species sequenced to date, indicating divergence among different species within the Pulmonata. A total of 3655 amino acids were deduced to encode 13 protein genes. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.05%), followed by Phe (11.24%), Ser (10.76%) and IIe (8.346%). Phylogenetic analyses using the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis), all revealed that the families Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae are closely related two snail families, consistent with previous classifications based on morphological and molecular studies. The complete mt genome sequence of G. pervia showed a novel gene arrangement and it represents the first sequenced high quality mt genome of the family Lymnaeidae. These novel mtDNA data provide additional genetic markers for studying the epidemiology, population genetics and phylogeographics of freshwater snails, as well as for understanding interplay between the intermediate snail hosts and the intra-mollusca stages of Fasciola spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Univesity, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Univesity, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Min-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Timmers MA, Bird CE, Skillings DJ, Smouse PE, Toonen RJ. There's no place like home: crown-of-thorns outbreaks in the central pacific are regionally derived and independent events. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31159. [PMID: 22363570 PMCID: PMC3281911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant biological disturbances on a tropical coral reef is a population outbreak of the fecund, corallivorous crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci. Although the factors that trigger an initial outbreak may vary, successive outbreaks within and across regions are assumed to spread via the planktonic larvae released from a primary outbreak. This secondary outbreak hypothesis is predominantly based on the high dispersal potential of A. planci and the assertion that outbreak populations (a rogue subset of the larger population) are genetically more similar to each other than they are to low-density non-outbreak populations. Here we use molecular techniques to evaluate the spatial scale at which A. planci outbreaks can propagate via larval dispersal in the central Pacific Ocean by inferring the location and severity of gene flow restrictions from the analysis of mtDNA control region sequence (656 specimens, 17 non-outbreak and six outbreak locations, six archipelagos, and three regions). Substantial regional, archipelagic, and subarchipelagic-scale genetic structuring of A. planci populations indicate that larvae rarely realize their dispersal potential and outbreaks in the central Pacific do not spread across the expanses of open ocean. On a finer scale, genetic partitioning was detected within two of three islands with multiple sampling sites. The finest spatial structure was detected at Pearl & Hermes Atoll, between the lagoon and forereef habitats (<10 km). Despite using a genetic marker capable of revealing subtle partitioning, we found no evidence that outbreaks were a rogue genetic subset of a greater population. Overall, outbreaks that occur at similar times across population partitions are genetically independent and likely due to nutrient inputs and similar climatic and ecological conditions that conspire to fuel plankton blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Timmers
- Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, Honolulu, Hawai'i, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher E. Bird
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, Hawai'i, United States of America
| | - Derek J. Skillings
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, Hawai'i, United States of America
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawai'I, Honolulu, Hawai'i, United States of America
| | - Peter E. Smouse
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Toonen
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, Hawai'i, United States of America
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MAH CHRISTOPHER, FOLTZ DAVID. Molecular phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata). Zool J Linn Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Perseke M, Bernhard D, Fritzsch G, Brümmer F, Stadler PF, Schlegel M. Mitochondrial genome evolution in Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea: Insights in phylogenetic relationships of Echinodermata. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:201-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bertolini A, Peresson C, Petrussa E, Braidot E, Passamonti S, Macrì F, Vianello A. Identification and localization of the bilitranslocase homologue in white grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) during ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:3861-71. [PMID: 19596699 PMCID: PMC2736896 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A homologue of the mammalian bilirubin transporter bilitranslocase (BTL) (TCDB 2.A.65.1.1), able to perform an apparent secondary active transport of flavonoids, has previously been found in carnation petals and red grape berries. In the present work, a BTL homologue was also shown in white berries from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tocai/Friulano, using anti-sequence antibodies specific for rat liver BTL. This transporter, similarly to what found in red grape, was localized in the first layers of the epidermal tissue and in the vascular bundle cells of the mesocarp. In addition, a strong immunochemical reaction was detected in the placental tissue and particularly in peripheral integuments of the seed. The protein was expressed during the last maturation stages in both skin and pulp tissues and exhibited an apparent molecular mass of c. 31 kDa. Furthermore, the transport activity of such a carrier, measured as bromosulphophthalein (BSP) uptake, was detected in berry pulp microsomes, where it was inhibited by specific anti-BTL antibodies. The BTL homologue activity exhibited higher values, for both K(m) and V(max), than those found in the red cultivar. Moreover, two non-pigmented flavonoids, such as quercetin (a flavonol) and eriodictyol (a flavanone), inhibited the uptake of BSP in an uncompetitive manner. Such results strengthen the hypothesis that this BTL homologue acts as a carrier involved also in the membrane transport of colourless flavonoids and demonstrate the presence of such a carrier in different organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Peresson
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Braidot
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sabina Passamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Angelo Vianello
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Shen X, Tian M, Liu Z, Cheng H, Tan J, Meng X, Ren J. Complete mitochondrial genome of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): The first representative from the subclass Aspidochirotacea with the echinoderm ground pattern. Gene 2009; 439:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gérard K, Roby C, Chevalier N, Thomassin B, Chenuil A, Féral JP. Assessment of three mitochondrial loci variability for the crown-of-thorns starfish: A first insight into Acanthaster phylogeography. C R Biol 2008; 331:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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