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Panase P, Vongkampang T, Wangkahart E, Sutthi N. Impacts of astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens on growth, immune responses, and reproduction performance of broodstock Nile tilapia during winter season. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1205-1224. [PMID: 38512396 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The growth, immune response, and reproductive performance of broodstock of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under winter stress conditions were investigated the effects of supplementary diets with astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Throughout an eight-week period in the winter season, male and female tilapia were fed with diets containing different levels of P. carotinifaciens dietary supplementation: 0 g/kg (T1; control), 5 g/kg (T2), 10 g/kg (T3), and 20 g/kg (T4). Subsequently, a four-week mating system was implemented during the winter stress period. The results revealed that there were no significant differences observed in growth, hematological indices, and blood chemical profiles among all treatment groups for both male and female tilapia. However, a significant increase in cholesterol content was noted in both male and female tilapia fed with the T4 diet (p<0.05). The total carotenoid content in the muscle was evaluated, and significantly higher values were found in both male and female tilapia that fed T4 supplementation (p<0.05). Moreover, immunological parameters such as myeloperoxidase and antioxidant parameters in the liver including superoxide dismutase activity and catalase enzyme activity showed significant increases in tilapia fed with the T4 diet. The impact of P. carotinifaciens supplementation on broodstock tilapia indicated a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration in males and increased egg production in females after consumption of the T4 diet (p<0.05). Thus, this study highlighted that the presence of astaxanthin-enriched P. carotinifaciens in the diet of broodstock Nile tilapia can lead to the accumulation of carotenoids in their muscle tissue, improvement in antioxidant status, enhancement of immune function, and potential enhancement of reproductive capabilities, even under overwintering conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Panase
- Fisheries Division, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Thitiwut Vongkampang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Sutthi
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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2
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Boukouvala E, Krey G. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors of Ray-Finned Fish: Unique Structures, Elusive Functions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:634. [PMID: 38927038 PMCID: PMC11201486 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Actinopterygian and specifically the Teleostean peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) present an impressive variability and complexity in their structures, both at the gene and protein levels. These structural differences may also reflect functional divergence from their mammalian homologs, or even between fish species. This review, taking advantage of the data generated from the whole-genome sequencing of several fish species, highlights the differences in the primary structure of the receptors, while discussing results from the literature pertaining to the functions of fish PPARs and their activation by natural and synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Boukouvala
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Grigorios Krey
- Fisheries Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), 64007 Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
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3
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Zhao Z, Li B, Chen Q, Xiang X, Xu X, Han S, Lai W, Li Y, Xu W, Mai K, Ai Q. Dietary palm oil enhances Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in muscle of large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Br J Nutr 2024; 131:553-566. [PMID: 37699661 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is considered to be a major regulator to control cholesterol homoeostasis in mammals. However, the role of SREBP2 in teleost remains poorly understand. Here, we explored the molecular characterisation of SREBP2 and identified SREBP2 as a key modulator for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which were rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis. Moreover, dietary palm oil in vivo or palmitic acid (PA) treatment in vitro elevated cholesterol content through triggering SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis in large yellow croaker. Furthermore, our results also found that PA-induced activation of SREBP2 was dependent on the stimulating of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in croaker myocytes and inhibition of ERS by 4-Phenylbutyric acid alleviated PA-induced SREBP2 activation and cholesterol biosynthesis. In summary, our findings reveal a novel insight for understanding the role of SREBP2 in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in fish and may deepen the link between dietary fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueru Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong266237, People's Republic of China
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4
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Roy J, Baranek E, Marandel L. Characterization of free fatty acid receptor family in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): towards a better understanding of their involvement in fatty acid signalisation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:130. [PMID: 36941594 PMCID: PMC10029227 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 20 years of research, free fatty acids receptors (FFARs) have received considerable attention in mammals. To date, four FFARs (FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3 and FFAR4) are especially studied owing to their physiological importance in various biological processes. This ubiquitist group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are majors reports in the key physiological functions such as the regulation of energy balance, metabolism or fatty acid sensing. However, up till date, even some studies were interested in their potential involvement in fatty acid metabolism, no genome investigation of these FFARs have been carried out in teleost fish. Through genome mining and phylogenetic analysis, we identified and characterised 7 coding sequences for ffar2 in rainbow trout whereas no ffar3 nor ffar4 gene have been found. This larger repertoire of ffar2 genes in rainbow trout results from successive additional whole-genome duplications which occurred in early teleosts and salmonids, respectively. A syntenic analysis was used to assign a new nomenclature to the salmonid ffar2 and showed a clear conservation of genomic organisation, further supporting the identity of these genes as ffar2. RT-qPCR was then used to examine, firstly during ontogenesis and secondly on feeding response the expression pattern of ffar1 and ffar2 genes in proximal gut and brain of all trout ffar genes. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the ffar family in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France.
| | - Elodie Baranek
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France
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Li RX, Chen LY, Limbu SM, Yao B, Qian YF, Zhou WH, Chen LQ, Qiao F, Zhang ML, Du ZY, Luo Y. Atorvastatin remodels lipid distribution between liver and adipose tissues through blocking lipoprotein efflux in fish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R281-R292. [PMID: 36572553 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00222.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cholesterol metabolism in fish is still unclear. Statins play important roles in promoting cholesterol metabolism development in mammals. However, studies on the role of statins in cholesterol metabolism in fish are currently limited. The present study evaluated the effects of statins on cholesterol metabolism in fish. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed on control diets supplemented with three atorvastatin levels (0, 12, and 24 mg/kg diet, ATV0, ATV12, and ATV24, respectively) for 4 wk. Intriguingly, the results showed that both atorvastatin treatments increased hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents mainly through inhibiting bile acid synthesis and efflux, and compensatorily enhancing cholesterol synthesis in fish liver (P < 0.05). Moreover, atorvastatin treatment significantly inhibited hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and thus decreased serum VLDL content (P < 0.05). However, fish treated with atorvastatin significantly reduced cholesterol and triglycerides contents in adipose tissue (P < 0.05). Further molecular analysis showed that atorvastatin treatment promoted cholesterol synthesis and lipogenesis pathways, but inhibited lipid catabolism and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake in the adipose tissue of fish (P < 0.05). In general, atorvastatin induced the remodeling of lipid distribution between liver and adipose tissues through blocking VLDL efflux from the liver to adipose tissue of fish. Our results provide a novel regulatory pattern of cholesterol metabolism response caused by atorvastatin in fish, which is distinct from mammals: cholesterol inhibition by atorvastatin activates hepatic cholesterol synthesis and inhibits its efflux to maintain cholesterol homeostasis, consequently reduces cholesterol storage in fish adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yun Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Samwel M Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bing Yao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Qian
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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Li RX, Chen LY, Limbu SM, Qian YC, Zhou WH, Chen LQ, Luo Y, Qiao F, Zhang ML, Du ZY. High cholesterol intake remodels cholesterol turnover and energy homeostasis in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:56-74. [PMID: 37073330 PMCID: PMC10077235 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The roles of dietary cholesterol in fish physiology are currently contradictory. The issue reflects the limited studies on the metabolic consequences of cholesterol intake in fish. The present study investigated the metabolic responses to high cholesterol intake in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which were fed with four cholesterol-contained diets (0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2%) and a control diet for eight weeks. All fish-fed cholesterol diets showed increased body weight, but accumulated cholesterol (the peak level was in the 1.6% cholesterol group). Then, we selected 1.6% cholesterol and control diets for further analysis. The high cholesterol diet impaired liver function and reduced mitochondria number in fish. Furthermore, high cholesterol intake triggered protective adaptation via (1) inhibiting endogenous cholesterol synthesis, (2) elevating the expression of genes related to cholesterol esterification and efflux, and (3) promoting chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis and efflux. Accordingly, high cholesterol intake reshaped the fish gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Mycobacterium spp., both of which are involved in cholesterol and/or bile acids catabolism. Moreover, high cholesterol intake inhibited lipid catabolic activities through mitochondrial β-oxidation, and lysosome-mediated lipophagy, and depressed insulin signaling sensitivity. Protein catabolism was elevated as a compulsory response to maintain energy homeostasis. Therefore, although high cholesterol intake promoted growth, it led to metabolic disorders in fish. For the first time, this study provides evidence for the systemic metabolic response to high cholesterol intake in fish. This knowledge contributes to an understanding of the metabolic syndromes caused by high cholesterol intake or deposition in fish. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00158-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Ling-Yun Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Samwel M. Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yu-Cheng Qian
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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Lutfi E, Berge GM, Bæverfjord G, Sigholt T, Bou M, Larsson T, Mørkøre T, Evensen Ø, Sissener NH, Rosenlund G, Sveen L, Østbye TK, Ruyter B. Increasing dietary levels of the n-3 long-chain PUFA, EPA and DHA, improves the growth, welfare, robustness and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon in sea cages. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:10-28. [PMID: 35236527 PMCID: PMC9816656 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of increasing the dietary levels of EPA and DHA in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in sea cages, in terms of growth performance, welfare, robustness and overall quality. Fish with an average starting weight of 275 g were fed one of four different diets containing 10, 13, 16 and 35 g/kg of EPA and DHA (designated as 1·0, 1·3, 1·6 and 3·5 % EPA and DHA) until they reached approximately 5 kg. The 3·5 % EPA and DHA diet showed a significantly beneficial effect on growth performance and fillet quality compared with all other diets, particularly the 1 % EPA and DHA diet. Fish fed the diet containing 3·5 % EPA and DHA showed 400-600 g higher final weights, improved internal organ health scores and external welfare indicators, better fillet quality in terms of higher visual colour score and lower occurrence of dark spots and higher EPA and DHA content in tissues at the end of the feeding trial. Moreover, fish fed the 3·5 % EPA and DHA diet showed lower mortality during a naturally occurring cardiomyopathy syndrome outbreak, although this did not reach statistical significance. Altogether, our findings emphasise the importance of dietary EPA and DHA to maintain good growth, robustness, welfare and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon reared in sea cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Lutfi
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Thomas Larsson
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Turid Mørkøre
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Lene Sveen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Cao X, Fang W, Li J, Zheng J, Wang X, Mai K, Ai Q. Long noncoding RNA lincsc5d regulates hepatic cholesterol synthesis by modulating sterol C5 desaturase in large yellow croaker. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110800. [PMID: 36167286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in cholesterol metabolism, very little information is available in fish. Thus, a 10-week feeding experiment was performed to estimate the effects of lncRNA on cholesterol metabolism in large yellow croaker fed with fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), olive oil (OO), and palm oil (PO) diets. Results showed that fish fed with OO and PO diets had higher liver total cholesterol (TC) and cholesterol ester (CE) contents compared with fish fed with FO diets. Analysis of the KEGG pathway showed that the steroid biosynthesis pathway was enriched in comparisons FO vs SO, FO vs OO, and FO vs PO. Meanwhile, sterol C5 desaturase (SC5D), a cholesterol synthase, was up-regulated in the steroid biosynthesis pathway. SC5D was widely expressed in all tissues examined, and the highest expression of SC5D was detected in brain. More importantly, a novel lncRNA associated with sc5d gene was identified by RNA sequencing and named as lincsc5d. The tissue distribution of lincsc5d was similar to that of sc5d. A nuclear/cytoplasmic RNA separation assay showed that lincsc5d was a nucleus-enriched lncRNA. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that lincsc5d was markedly up-regulated in the SO, OO, and PO groups. Furthermore, the results of TC content and the lincsc5d and sc5d expression in hepatocytes agreed with in vivo results. In conclusion, this study indicated that vegetable oils, especially OO and PO, increased hepatic cholesterol levels by promoting cholesterol synthesis, and lncRNA lincsc5d and sc5d might be involved in cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaMin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuneng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Kousoulaki K, Sveen L, Norén F, Espmark Å. Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Performance Fed Low Trophic Ingredients in a Fish Meal and Fish Oil Free Diet. Front Physiol 2022; 13:884740. [PMID: 35755425 PMCID: PMC9214214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.884740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To evolve fish farming in an eco-efficient way, feed production must become less dependent on forage fish-based ingredients and make more use of low trophic level organisms, including microalgae, higher plants, as filter feeding organisms and other ingredients with low competition to established food value chains. Diets nearly free of fish meal and fish oil are not a novelty but are often composed of complex mixtures, containing supplements to meet the farmed animal’s nutritional requirements. Sustaining a growing aquaculture production, maintaining at the same time fish health, welfare, and profitability, and meeting strict environmental and food safety demands, is challenging and requires new technologies, great investments, and more knowledge. A benchmarking feeding trial was performed to demonstrate the main effects of four low trophic raw materials on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth, metabolism, skin health and fillet quality. To this end, a diet was produced to contain commercially relevant levels of fresh high quality organic FM and FO and was used as a control in the trial (FMFO). Heterotrophically produced Schizochytrium limacinum biomass was used to replace organic FO (HM diet). Spray dried cell wall disrupted biomass of the phototrophically cultured diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum replaced partly FM and FO (PM diet). Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal and tunicate (Ciona intestinalis) meal, were used to produce the diets BSFL and TM, respectively, replacing large parts of FM as compared to the FMFO. A fifth test diet was produced combining all test raw materials and removing all FM and FO (0FM0FO diet). All test ingredients were well accepted sustaining high growth rates (TGC values near 4) and feed efficiency (FCR values below 0.9) in salmon showing good gut health and normal metabolic responses. However, none of the treatments reached the growth performance of FMFO. Additional differences between test and control treatments were identified in dietary nutrient apparent digestibility, fish biometrics, blood metabolites and fillet and skin composition. Extensive raw material and dietary chemical characterisation was performed to provide insight on potential shortcomings in the novel low trophic level ingredients which can possibly be overcome combining complementary raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kousoulaki
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Nofima, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Sveen
- Department of Fish Health, Nofima, Tromsø, Norway
| | - F Norén
- Marine Feed AB, Stenungsund, Sweden
| | - Å Espmark
- Department of Aquaculture Production Biology, Nofima, Tromsø, Norway
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10
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L M, C H, V V, J L, M M, E Q, T C, M DN, F M. A plant-based diet differentially affects the global hepatic methylome in rainbow trout depending on genetic background. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1726-1737. [PMID: 35345978 PMCID: PMC9621033 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2058226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing fish meal and oil in trout diets with plant-derived ingredients is a contemporary challenge to move towards more sustainable aquaculture practices. However, such dietary replacement causes hepatic metabolic changes that have not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to decipher the effect of a 100% plant-based diet on the hepatic global DNA methylation landscape in trout and assess whether changes depend on fish genetic background. We analysed the global methylome and the expression of DNA (de)methylation-related genes of three isogenic lines that exhibit similar growth when fed a marine resource-based diet (M diet), but differ in their responses to a plant-based diet (V diet). Our results revealed that the V diet induced a decrease in 5-cytosine combined with an increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in two of the three analysed lines. For one of these 2 affected lines, when fed the M diet but at the same feed intake of the V diet (MR), no methylome differences were highlighted between M and MR or between MR and V-fed trout whereas for the other affected line, M fed trout displayed a divergent methylome profile from MR and V fed fish. DNA (de)methylation-related genes were also affected by the V or MR diets. Our findings showed that the global hepatic methylome of trout is affected by a V diet, depending on genetic background. This latter effect seems to be due to either a decreased feed intake alone or combined with the effect of the dietary composition per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marandel L
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Heraud C
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Véron V
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Laithier J
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Marchand M
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Quillet E
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Callet T
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Dupont-Nivet M
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Médale F
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
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11
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Effect of Lemna minor supplemented diets on growth, digestive physiology and expression of fatty acids biosynthesis genes of Cyprinus carpio. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3711. [PMID: 35260667 PMCID: PMC8904519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential nutritional value of duckweed Lemna minor (Lemnaceae) was evaluated for common carp Cyprinus carpio fry. Fish were fed diets containing five graded levels of duckweed: 0% (LM0, control), 5% (LM5), 10% (LM10), 15% (LM15) and 20% (LM20). The final weight and specific growth rate were significantly higher in LM15 and LM20 diets fed fish compared to others. Feed conversion ratio was minimum in fish fed diet LM20. Amylase activity was significantly higher in LM0 treatment. Total protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities showed linear relationships with the increased level of duckweed in the diet. Protein and essential amino acids contents were significantly higher in carp fed diets LM15 and LM20 compared to others. Lipid content was significantly higher in fish fed duckweed-based diets compared to control. A direct relationship was found between the inclusion level of duckweed in the diet and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) content of carp. Contents of desaturated and elongated products of dietary linolenic acid (18:3n-3) including 20:4n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 increased in a graded manner with increasing dietary duckweed. The monounsaturated fatty acids and n-6 PUFA contents reduced significantly in fish fed duckweed. Expression of fads2d6, elovl2, elovl5 and fas were higher in carp fed diets LM10, LM15 and LM20 compared to control fish. The inclusion of L. minor in diet enhanced the nutritional value of carp by increasing protein, lipid, amino acids and n-3 PUFA contents.
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12
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Ofori‐Mensah S, Yıldız M, Arslan M, Ünal Şengör GF, Kahraman T, Gelibolu S, Kaplan Ç. Replacement of Fish Oil by ALA‐Rich Vegetable Oils in Diets of Gilthead Sea Bream: Effect on Final Eating Quality. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ofori‐Mensah
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Technology Istanbul University Esnaf Hastanesi 4. Kat Fatih İstanbul 34116 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldız
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases Faculty of Aquatic Sciences Istanbul University Ordu Cad. No: 8 Laleli Istanbul 34134 Turkey
| | - Murat Arslan
- Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Gülgün F. Ünal Şengör
- Department of Fisheries Seafood Processing Technology Faculty of Aquatic Sciences Istanbul University Ordu Cad. No: 8 Laleli Istanbul 34134 Turkey
| | - Tolga Kahraman
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University Avcılar Istanbul Turkey
| | - Serap Gelibolu
- Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute Demre Antalya Turkey
| | - Çağlayan Kaplan
- Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute Demre Antalya Turkey
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13
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Samad‐zada F, van Poorten BT, Harris S, Godbout L, Russello MA. Genome-wide analysis reveals demographic and life-history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep-spawning sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13186-13205. [PMID: 34646462 PMCID: PMC8495803 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-mediated habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems can negatively impact genetic diversity, demography, and life history of native biota, while disrupting the behavior of species that are dependent on spatial connectivity to complete their life cycles. In the Alouette River system (British Columbia, Canada), dam construction in 1928 impacted passage of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), with the last records of migrants occurring in the 1930s. Since that time, O. nerka persisted as a resident population in Alouette Reservoir until experimental water releases beginning in 2005 created conditions for migration; two years later, returning migrants were observed for the first time in ~70 years, raising important basic and applied questions regarding life-history variation and population structure in this system. Here, we investigated the genetic distinctiveness and population history of Alouette Reservoir O. nerka using genome-wide SNP data (n = 7,709 loci) collected for resident and migrant individuals, as well as for neighboring anadromous sockeye salmon and resident kokanee populations within the Fraser River drainage (n = 312 individuals). Bayesian clustering and principal components analyses based on neutral loci revealed five distinct clusters, largely associated with geography, and clearly demonstrated that Alouette Reservoir resident and migrant individuals are genetically distinct from other O. nerka populations in the Fraser River drainage. At a finer level, there was no clear evidence for differentiation between Alouette Reservoir residents and migrants; although we detected eight high-confidence outlier loci, they all mapped to sex chromosomes suggesting that differences were likely due to uneven sex ratios rather than life history. Taken together, these data suggest that contemporary Alouette Reservoir O. nerka represents a landlocked sockeye salmon population, constituting the first reported instance of deep-water spawning behavior associated with this life-history form. This finding punctuates the need for reassessment of conservation status and supports ongoing fisheries management activities in Alouette Reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett T. van Poorten
- Applied Freshwater Ecology Research UnitBritish Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change StrategyVancouverBCCanada
- School of Resource and Environmental ManagementSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
| | - Shannon Harris
- Applied Freshwater Ecology Research UnitBritish Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change StrategyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Lyse Godbout
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNanaimoBCCanada
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14
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Transcriptome and functional responses to absence of astaxanthin in Atlantic salmon fed low marine diets. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Callet T, Dupont-Nivet M, Danion M, Burel C, Cluzeaud M, Surget A, Aguirre P, Kerneis T, Labbé L, Panserat S, Quillet E, Geurden I, Skiba-Cassy S, Médale F. Why Do Some Rainbow Trout Genotypes Grow Better With a Complete Plant-Based Diet? Transcriptomic and Physiological Analyses on Three Isogenic Lines. Front Physiol 2021; 12:732321. [PMID: 34539452 PMCID: PMC8440921 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the context of a growing aquaculture production coupled with a plateau of the production in the main components of aquafeeds (fish oil and fishmeal), recent studies have typically focused on replacing these feedstuffs with terrestrial plant ingredients for cultured carnivorous aquatic species, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Substitution rates without adverse effects have, however, reached their limit. One potential way forward would be to take advantage of the genetic variability that exists in the salmonid population. However, to date, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this genetic variability. The aim of the present research was to understand why some genotypes are better able to utilize plant-based diets devoid of marine resources. In this regard, three isogenic lines of rainbow trout (R23h, AB1h, and A22h), with similar growth when fed marine resources-based diets and which differ greatly in their responses to a plant-based diet, were fed with either a complete plant-based diet (V diet) or a marine resources-based diet (M diet) since first-feeding. Fish traits and the hepatic transcriptome of these three genotypes were compared after 5 months of feeding. First, differences in the ability to grow with the V diet observed amongst genotypes was not due to higher feed intake, but instead due to differences in feed efficiency. The comparison of transcriptome profiles revealed 575 (R23h vs. AB1h), 1,770 (R23h vs. A22h), and 2,973 (AB1h vs. A22h) probes differentially expressed amongst the three genotypes when fed the V diet. Interestingly, R23h and AB1h fish, which were the least affected by the V diet, exhibited the highest growth. These results demonstrate that these fish were able to maintain a high level of energy production and protein synthesis. Moreover, these genotypes were also able to activate pathways linked to lipid and cholesterol metabolisms, such as the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, as previously, immunity seems to also play an important role in the ability of fish to use the V diet, and further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which immunity interacts with growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Callet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Morgane Danion
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Christine Burel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Marianne Cluzeaud
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Pierre Aguirre
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Thierry Kerneis
- Pisciculture Expérimentale INRAE des Monts d'Arrée (PEIMA), Sizun, France
| | - Laurent Labbé
- Pisciculture Expérimentale INRAE des Monts d'Arrée (PEIMA), Sizun, France
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inge Geurden
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Françoise Médale
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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16
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Katan T, Xue X, Caballero-Solares A, Taylor RG, Parrish CC, Rise ML. Influence of Varying Dietary ω6 to ω3 Fatty Acid Ratios on the Hepatic Transcriptome, and Association with Phenotypic Traits (Growth, Somatic Indices, and Tissue Lipid Composition), in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070578. [PMID: 34202562 PMCID: PMC8301090 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant oils are routinely used in fish feeds as a fish oil replacement. However, these terrestrial alternatives typically contain high levels of ω6 fatty acids (FA) and, thus, high ω6 to ω3 (ω6:ω3) FA ratios, which influence farmed fish and their consumers. The ω6:ω3 ratio is known to affect many biological processes (e.g., inflammation, FA metabolism) and human diseases; however, its impacts on fish physiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms are less well understood. In this study, we used 44 K microarrays to examine which genes and molecular pathways are altered by variation in dietary ω6:ω3 in Atlantic salmon. Our microarray study showed that several genes related to immune response, lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and translation were differentially expressed between the two extreme ω6:ω3 dietary treatments. We also revealed that the PPARα activation-related transcript helz2 is a potential novel molecular biomarker of tissue variation in ω6:ω3. Further, correlation analyses illustrated the relationships between liver transcript expression and tissue (liver, muscle) lipid composition, and other phenotypic traits in salmon fed low levels of fish oil. This nutrigenomic study enhanced the current understanding of Atlantic salmon gene expression response to varying dietary ω6:ω3. Abstract The importance of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 (ω6:ω3) fatty acid (FA) ratios for human health has been extensively examined. However, its impact on fish physiology, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, are less well understood. This study investigated the influence of plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying ω6:ω3 (0.4–2.7) on the hepatic transcriptome of Atlantic salmon. Using 44 K microarray analysis, genes involved in immune and inflammatory response (lect2a, itgb5, helz2a, p43), lipid metabolism (helz2a), cell proliferation (htra1b), control of muscle and neuronal development (mef2d) and translation (eif2a, eif4b1, p43) were identified; these were differentially expressed between the two extreme ω6:ω3 dietary treatments (high ω6 vs. high ω3) at week 12. Eight out of 10 microarray-identified transcripts showed an agreement in the direction of expression fold-change between the microarray and qPCR studies. The PPARα activation-related transcript helz2a was confirmed by qPCR to be down-regulated by high ω6 diet compared with high ω3 diet. The transcript expression of two helz2 paralogues was positively correlated with ω3, and negatively with ω6 FA in both liver and muscle, thus indicating their potential as biomarkers of tissue ω6:ω3 variation. Mef2d expression in liver was suppressed in the high ω6 compared to the balanced diet (ω6:ω3 of 2.7 and 0.9, respectively) fed fish, and showed negative correlations with ω6:ω3 in both tissues. The hepatic expression of two lect2 paralogues was negatively correlated with viscerosomatic index, while htra1b correlated negatively with salmon weight gain and condition factor. Finally, p43 and eif2a were positively correlated with liver Σω3, while these transcripts and eif4b2 showed negative correlations with 18:2ω6 in the liver. This suggested that some aspects of protein synthesis were influenced by dietary ω6:ω3. In summary, this nutrigenomic study identified hepatic transcripts responsive to dietary variation in ω6:ω3, and relationships of transcript expression with tissue (liver, muscle) lipid composition and other phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.C.-S.); Tel.: +1-709-7703846 (T.K.); Tel.: +1-709-3251598 (A.C.-S.)
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.C.-S.); Tel.: +1-709-7703846 (T.K.); Tel.: +1-709-3251598 (A.C.-S.)
| | - Richard G. Taylor
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, 10383 165th Avenue NW, Elk River, MN 55330, USA;
| | - Christopher C. Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Matthew L. Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
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17
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Chen C, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang S, Xie D, Wen X, Hu Y, Shen J, He X, You C, Tocher DR, Monroig Ó. Identification of miR-145 as a Key Regulator Involved in LC-PUFA Biosynthesis by Targeting hnf4α in the Marine Teleost Siganus canaliculatus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15123-15133. [PMID: 33291871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish, particularly marine species, are considered as the major source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in the human diet. The extent to which fish can synthesize LC-PUFA varies with species and is regulated by dietary fatty acids and ambient salinity. Therefore, to enable fish to produce more LC-PUFA, comprehending the mechanisms underlying the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis is necessary. Here, the regulatory roles of miR-145 were investigated in the marine teleost rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus. The hepatic abundance of miR-145 was lower in rabbitfish reared in low salinity (10 ppt) in comparison with that of those cultured in seawater (32 ppt), while the opposite pattern was observed for the transcripts of the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (Hnf4α), known to affect rabbitfish LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Rabbitfish hnf4α was identified as a target of miR-145 by luciferase reporter assays, and overexpression of miR-145 in the S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) markedly reduced the expression of Hnf4α and its target genes involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, namely, Δ4 fads2, Δ6Δ5 fads2, and elovl5. The opposite pattern was observed when miR-145 was knocked down in SCHL cells, with these effects being attenuated by subsequent hnf4α knockdown. Moreover, increasing endogenous Hnf4α by the knockdown of miR-145 increased the expression of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes and enhanced the synthesis of LC-PUFA in both SCHL cells and rabbitfish in vivo. This is the first report to identify miR-145 as a key effector of LC-PUFA biosynthesis by targeting hnf4α, providing a novel insight into the mechanisms of the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, School of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
- Research Center for Nutrition & Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, School of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, School of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiajian Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xianda He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 243 DaXue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
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18
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Jin Y, Datsomor AK, Olsen RE, Vik JO, Torgersen JS, Edvardsen RB, Wargelius A, Winge P, Grammes F. Targeted mutagenesis of ∆5 and ∆6 fatty acyl desaturases induce dysregulation of lipid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:805. [PMID: 33213387 PMCID: PMC7678299 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With declining wild fish populations, farmed salmon has gained popularity as a source for healthy long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids (LC-HUFA). However, the introduction of plant oil in farmed salmon feeds has reduced the content of these beneficial LC-HUFA. The synthetic capability for LC-HUFAs depends upon the dietary precursor fatty acids and the genetic potential, thus there is a need for in-depth understanding of LC-HUFA synthetic genes and their interactions with other genes involved in lipid metabolism. Several key genes of LC-HUFA synthesis in salmon belong to the fatty acid desaturases 2 (fads2) family. The present study applied whole transcriptome analysis on two CRISPR-mutated salmon strains (crispants), 1) Δ6abc/5Mt with mutations in Δ5fads2, Δ6fads2-a, Δ6fads2-b and Δ6fads2-c genes, and 2) Δ6bcMt with mutations in Δ6fads2-b and Δ6fads2-c genes. Our purpose is to evaluate the genetic effect fads2 mutations have on other lipid metabolism pathways in fish, as well as to investigate mosaicism in a commercial species with a very long embryonal period. Results Both Δ6abc/5Mt and Δ6bcMt crispants demonstrated high percentage of indels within all intended target genes, though different indel types and percentage were observed between individuals. The Δ6abc/5Mt fish displayed several disruptive indels which resulted in over 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in lipid metabolism pathways in liver. This includes up-regulation of srebp1 genes which are known key transcription regulators of lipid metabolism as well as a number of down-stream genes involved in fatty acid de-novo synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and lipogenesis. Both elovl5 and elovl2 genes were not changed, suggesting that the genes were not targeted by Srebp1. The mutation of Δ6bcMt surprisingly resulted in over 3000 DEGs which were enriched in factors encoding genes involved in mRNA regulation and stability. Conclusions CRISPR-Cas9 can efficiently mutate multiple fads2 genes simultaneously in salmon. The results of the present study have provided new information on the transcriptional regulations of lipid metabolism genes after reduction of LC-HUFA synthesis pathways in salmon. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07218-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Alex K Datsomor
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf E Olsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Vik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fabian Grammes
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway. .,AquaGen AS, Post box 1240, Torgard, N-7462, Trondheim, Norway.
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19
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Cleveland BM, Gao G, Radler LM, Picklo MJ. Hepatic Fatty Acid and Transcriptome Profiles during the Transition from Vegetable- to Fish Oil-Based Diets in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Lipids 2020; 56:189-200. [PMID: 33047832 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A finishing diet strategy is effective at increasing fillet long-chain n-3 fatty acid content in fish consuming sustainable plant oil-based diets. This study investigates the outcomes of a fish oil finishing diet upon the hepatic fatty acid and transcriptome profile in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were placed on one of three feeding treatments: (1) FO: a fish oil (FO) diet for 20 weeks, (2) VO/FO: a vegetable oil (VO) diet during weeks 1-12 then the FO diet for 8 weeks, or (3) VO/fd/FO: the VO diet between weeks 1-12, 2 weeks of feed deprivation, then the FO diet for 6 weeks. Hepatic fatty acid and transcriptome profiles were analyzed at week 12, 14, and 20. Hepatic fatty acid profiles at week 12 were similar to dietary profiles; transcriptomic analyses indicated 131 differentially regulated genes (DEG) between VO- and FO-fed fish, characterized by VO-induced up-regulation of cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthesis and oxidation-reduction processes. At week 14, the hepatic fatty acid profile was similar between VO/FO and FO, although concentrations of 18:3n-3 remained higher in the VO/FO group. Thirty-three DEG were detected at week 14 with enrichment of genes associated with extracellular matrix assembly, supporting liver remodeling during the early finishing diet period. Only five DEG were detected at week 20 between VO/FO and FO. Collectively, these findings suggest that it takes several weeks for liver to reach a homeostatic state, even after the hepatic fatty acid equilibration following a finishing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Guangtu Gao
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Lisa M Radler
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Matthew J Picklo
- Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, 2420 2nd Ave. North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
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20
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Qin G, Xu D, Lou B, Chen R, Wang L, Tan P. iTRAQ-based quantitative phosphoproteomics provides insights into the metabolic and physiological responses of a carnivorous marine fish (Nibea albiflora) fed a linseed oil-rich diet. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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21
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Chen C, Wang S, Hu Y, Zhang M, He X, You C, Wen X, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. miR-26a mediates LC-PUFA biosynthesis by targeting the Lxrα-Srebp1 pathway in the marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13875-13886. [PMID: 32759307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been recently shown to be important regulators of lipid metabolism. However, the mechanisms of microRNA-mediated regulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in vertebrates remain largely unknown. Herein, we for the first time addressed the role of miR-26a in LC-PUFA biosynthesis in the marine rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus The results showed that miR-26a was significantly down-regulated in liver of rabbitfish reared in brackish water and in S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) incubated with the LC-PUFA precursor α-linolenic acid, suggesting that miR-26a may be involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis because of its abundance being regulated by factors affecting LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Opposite patterns were observed in the expression of liver X receptor α (lxrα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (srebp1), as well as the LC-PUFA biosynthesis-related genes (Δ4 fads2, Δ6Δ5 fads2, and elovl5) in SCHL cells incubated with α-linolenic acid. Luciferase reporter assays revealed rabbitfish lxrα as a target of miR-26a, and overexpression of miR-26a in SCHL cells markedly reduced protein levels of Lxrα, Srebp1, and Δ6Δ5 Fads2 induced by the agonist T0901317. Moreover, increasing endogenous Lxrα by knockdown of miR-26a facilitated Srebp1 activation and concomitant increased expression of genes involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis and consequently promoted LC-PUFA biosynthesis both in vitro and in vivo These results indicate a critical role of miR-26a in regulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis through targeting the Lxrα-Srebp1 pathway and provide new insights into the regulatory network controlling LC-PUFA biosynthesis and accumulation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xianda He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Research Center for Nutrition, Feed and Healthy Breeding of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Castellón, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Roy J, Larroquet L, Surget A, Lanuque A, Sandres F, Terrier F, Corraze G, Chung-Yung Lee J, Skiba-Cassy S. Impact on cerebral function in rainbow trout fed with plant based omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched with DHA and EPA. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:409-420. [PMID: 32473359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and modulation of cerebral function by ω-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enrichment in plant based-diet were studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikyss). We hypothesized that ω-3 LC-PUFAs are involved in the regulation of cerebral function in fish. During nine weeks, we examined the growth performance of rainbow trout for three experimental plant based-diets containing distinct levels of EPA and DHA. Using RT-qPCR, we assessed mRNA genes related to feeding behavior regulated by the central nervous system of humans, rodents and fish. These include markers of neuropeptides, indicators of cellular specification, animal stress, oxidant status, cytokines and genes regulating animal behaviour. ω-3 LC-PUFAs enrichment decreased daily food intake and induced a simultaneous mRNA expression increase in orexigenic transcript npy peptide and a decrease in anorexigen transcript pomcA peptide in the hypothalamus. Overall transcript genes related to proinflammatory cytokines, inflammation, antioxidant status, cortisol pathway, serotoninergic pathways and dopaminergic pathways were down-regulated in the juveniles fed the high ω-3 LC-PUFAs diet. However, the mRNA expression of transcripts related to cell specification were down regulated, namely tmem119 markers of microglial cell in forebrain and midbrain, gfap markers of astrocyte in the midbrain, and rbfox3 markers of neurons in the midbrain and hindbrain in juveniles fed high ω-3 experimental diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that a diet rich in ω-3 LC-PUFAs affected a relatively high proportion of the brain function in juvenile rainbow trout through mechanisms comparable to those characterized previously in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anthony Lanuque
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Franck Sandres
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Frederic Terrier
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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23
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Reis D, Pérez J, Lund I, Acosta N, Abdul-Jalbar B, Bolaños A, Rodríguez C. Esterification and modification of [1-14C] n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae reared under linoleic or α-linolenic acid-based diets and variable environmental salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 246-247:110449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Caballero-Solares A, Xue X, Cleveland BM, Foroutani MB, Parrish CC, Taylor RG, Rise ML. Diet-Induced Physiological Responses in the Liver of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Inferred Using Multiplex PCR Platforms. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:511-525. [PMID: 32495111 PMCID: PMC8346449 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous quantification of several transcripts via multiplex PCR can accelerate research in fish physiological responses to diet and enable the development of superior aquafeeds for farmed fish. We designed two multiplex PCR panels that included assays for 40 biomarker genes representing key aspects of fish physiology (growth, metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation) and 3 normalizer genes. We used both panels to assess the physiological effects of replacing fish meal and fish oil by terrestrial alternatives on Atlantic salmon smolts. In a 14-week trial, we tested three diets based on marine ingredients (MAR), animal by-products and vegetable oil (ABP), and plant protein and vegetable oil (VEG). Dietary treatments affected the expression of genes involved in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism (e.g., srebp1, elovl2), cell redox status (e.g., txna, prdx1b), and inflammation (e.g., pgds, 5loxa). At the multivariate level, gene expression profiles were more divergent between fish fed the marine and terrestrial diets (MAR vs. ABP/VEG) than between the two terrestrial diets (ABP vs. VEG). Liver ARA was inversely related to glucose metabolism (gck)- and growth (igfbp-5b1, htra1b)-related biomarkers and hepatosomatic index. Liver DHA and EPA levels correlated negatively with elovl2, whereas ARA levels correlated positively with fadsd5. Lower hepatic EPA/ARA in ABP-fed fish correlated with the increased expression of biomarkers related to mitochondrial function (fabp3a), oxidative stress (txna, prdx1b), and inflammation (pgds, 5loxa). The analysis of hepatic biomarker gene expression via multiplex PCR revealed potential physiological impacts and nutrient-gene interactions in Atlantic salmon fed lower levels of marine-sourced nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Beth M Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS/USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Maryam Beheshti Foroutani
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Roy J, Vigor C, Vercauteren J, Reversat G, Zhou B, Surget A, Larroquet L, Lanuque A, Sandres F, Terrier F, Oger C, Galano JM, Corraze G, Durand T. Characterization and modulation of brain lipids content of rainbow trout fed with 100% plant based diet rich in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA. Biochimie 2020; 178:137-147. [PMID: 32623048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain functions are known to be mainly modulated by adequate dietary intake. Inadequate intake as can be an excess or significant deficiency affect cognitive processes, behavior, neuroendocrine functions and synaptic plasticity with protective or harmful effects on neuronal physiology. Lipids, in particular, ω-6 and ω-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) play structural roles and govern the different functions of the brain. Hence, the goal of this study was to characterize the whole brain fatty acid composition (precursors, enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation metabolites) of fish model of rainbow trout fed with three experimental plant-based diet containing distinct levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3) (0% for low, 15.7% for medium and 33.4% for high, total fatty acid content) during nine weeks. Trout fed with the diet devoid of DHA and EPA showed reduced brain content of total ω-3 LC-PUFAs, with diminution of EPA and DHA. Selected enzymatic (cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases) oxidation metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 ω-6) decrease in medium and high ω-3 LC-PUFAs diets. On the contrary, total selected enzymatic oxidation metabolites of DHA and EPA increased in high ω-3 LC-PUFAs diet. Total selected non-enzymatic oxidation metabolites of DHA (not detected for EPA) increased in medium and high ω-3 LC-PUFAs diets. In conclusion, this work revealed for the first time in fish model the presence of some selected enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation metabolites in brain and the modulation of brain lipid content by dietary DHA and EPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bingqing Zhou
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anthony Lanuque
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Franck Sandres
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Frederic Terrier
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Poole LB, Parsonage D, Sergeant S, Miller LR, Lee J, Furdui CM, Chilton FH. Acyl-lipid desaturases and Vipp1 cooperate in cyanobacteria to produce novel omega-3 PUFA-containing glycolipids. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:83. [PMID: 32399061 PMCID: PMC7203895 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary omega-3 (n-3), long chain (LC-, ≥ 20 carbons), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived largely from marine animal sources protect against inflammatory processes and enhance brain development and function. With the depletion of natural stocks of marine animal sources and an increasing demand for n-3 LC-PUFAs, alternative, sustainable supplies are urgently needed. As a result, n-3 18-carbon and LC-PUFAs are being generated from plant or algal sources, either by engineering new biosynthetic pathways or by augmenting existing systems. RESULTS We utilized an engineered plasmid encoding two cyanobacterial acyl-lipid desaturases (DesB and DesD, encoding Δ15 and Δ6 desaturases, respectively) and "vesicle-inducing protein in plastids" (Vipp1) to induce production of stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 n-3) at high levels in three strains of cyanobacteria (10, 17 and 27% of total lipids in Anabaena sp. PCC7120, Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, and Leptolyngbya sp. strain BL0902, respectively). Lipidomic analysis revealed that in addition to SDA, the rare anti-inflammatory n-3 LC-PUFA eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, 20:4 n-3) was synthesized in these engineered strains, and ~ 99% of SDA and ETA was complexed to bioavailable monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species. Importantly, novel molecular species containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), SDA and/or ETA in both acyl positions of MGDG and DGDG were observed in the engineered Leptolyngbya and Synechococcus strains, suggesting that these could provide a rich source of anti-inflammatory molecules. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this technology utilizes solar energy, consumes carbon dioxide, and produces large amounts of nutritionally important n-3 PUFAs and LC-PUFAs. Importantly, it can generate previously undescribed, highly bioavailable, anti-inflammatory galactosyl lipids. This technology could therefore be transformative in protecting ocean fisheries and augmenting the nutritional quality of human and animal food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Leslie R. Miller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Present Address: 139 N St. Patrick St., New Orleans, LA 70119 USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
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Eljasik P, Panicz R, Sobczak M, Sadowski J, Barbosa V, Marques A, Dias J. Plasma biochemistry, gene expression and liver histomorphology in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with different dietary fat sources. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111300. [PMID: 32224215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Demand for omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids has become global challenge for aquaculture and different components have been used to increase nutritional value of fillets. The aim of this study was to evaluate influences of feeds on zootechnical parameters, biochemical plasma parameters, expression of lipid-dependent genes, hepatocyte histomorphologies, and fatty acid profiles in common carp fillets. We compared a control diet (CTRL), mimicking a commercial feed formulation for common carp, with three diets containing blends of vegetable oils and a DHA-rich alga (Schizochytrium sp.) included at 3.125% (CB1) or 1.563% (CB2), and 2.1% salmon oil (CB3). The study revealed no differences in final body weight of fish fed CB1-3 diets in comparison with significantly lower CTRL. Concentrations of all biochemical parameters in plasma increased gradually in fish fed CB1-3 diets when compared to CTRL diet, with exception of triacylglycerol levels. Expression of hepatic fas, elovl-5a and pparα genes increased significantly in fish fed CB1 and CB2. Additionally, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulation in muscle tissue was directly proportional to the amounts supplied in the diets. Our study revealed that carp fillet profiles can be manipulated for DHA and EPA-contents using enriched diets, depending on the source of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eljasik
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland.
| | - R Panicz
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland
| | - M Sobczak
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland
| | - J Sadowski
- Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-550, Szczecin, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Poland
| | - V Barbosa
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P. Lisboa. Portugal, Avenida Professor Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - A Marques
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P. Lisboa. Portugal, Avenida Professor Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - J Dias
- Sparos Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
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28
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Zhu T, Corraze G, Plagnes-Juan E, Skiba-Cassy S. Cholesterol metabolism regulation mediated by SREBP-2, LXRα and miR-33a in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) both in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223813. [PMID: 32109243 PMCID: PMC7048274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is greatly affected in fish fed plant-based diet. The regulation of cholesterol metabolism is mediated by both transcriptional factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and liver X receptors (LXRs), and posttranscriptional factors including miRNAs. In mammals, SREBP-2 and LXRα are involved in the transcriptional regulation of cholesterol synthesis and elimination, respectively. In mammals, miR-33a is reported to directly target genes involved in cholesterol catabolism. The present study aims to investigate the regulation of cholesterol metabolism by SREBP-2 and LXRα and miR-33a in rainbow trout using in vivo and in vitro approaches. In vivo, juvenile rainbow trout of ~72 g initial body weight were fed a total plant-based diet (V) or a marine diet (M) containing fishmeal and fish oil. In vitro, primary cell culture hepatocytes were stimulated by graded concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC). The hepatic expression of cholesterol synthetic genes, srebp-2 and miR-33a as well as miR-33a level in plasma were increased in fish fed the plant-based diet, reversely, their expression in hepatocytes were inhibited with the increasing 25-HC in vitro. However, lxrα was not affected neither in vivo nor in vitro. Our results suggest that SREBP-2 and miR-33a synergistically enhance the expression of cholesterol synthetic genes but do not support the involvement of LXRα in the regulation of cholesterol elimination. As plasma level of miR-33a appears as potential indicator of cholesterol synthetic capacities, this study also highlights circulating miRNAs as promising noninvasive biomarker in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhu
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
- * E-mail:
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Roy J, Mercier Y, Tonnet L, Burel C, Lanuque A, Surget A, Larroquet L, Corraze G, Terrier F, Panserat S, Skiba S. Rainbow trout prefer diets rich in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA. Physiol Behav 2020; 213:112692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Turkmen S, Perera E, Zamorano MJ, Simó-Mirabet P, Xu H, Pérez-Sánchez J, Izquierdo M. Effects of Dietary Lipid Composition and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Expression in Broodstock Gilthead Sea Bream on Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes and Methylation of the fads2 Gene Promoter in Their Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246250. [PMID: 31835772 PMCID: PMC6940931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in parental diets play a key role in regulating n-3 LC-PUFA metabolism of the offspring. However, it is not clear whether this metabolic regulation is driven by the precursors presented in the diet or by the parental ability to synthesize them. To elucidate this, broodstocks of gilthead sea bream with different blood expression levels of fads2, which encodes for the rate-limiting enzyme in the n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis pathway, were fed either a diet supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) or a control diet. The progenies obtained from these four experimental groups were then challenged with a low LC-PUFA diet at the juvenile stage. Results showed that the offspring from parents with high fads2 expression presented higher growth and improved utilization of low n-3 LC-PUFA diets compared to the offspring from parents with low fads2 expression. Besides, an ALA-rich diet during the gametogenesis caused negative effects on the growth of the offspring. The epigenetic analysis demonstrated that methylation in the promoter of fads2 of the offspring was correlated with the parental fads2 expression levels and type of the broodstock diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(205)-212-01-04
| | - Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (E.P.); (P.S.-M.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Maria J. Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
| | - Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (E.P.); (P.S.-M.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castellón, Spain; (E.P.); (P.S.-M.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (M.J.Z.); (H.X.); (M.I.)
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases impairs Δ8-desaturation and docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:16888. [PMID: 31729437 PMCID: PMC6858459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo functions of Atlantic salmon fatty acyl desaturases (fads2), Δ6fads2-a, Δ6fads2-b, Δ6fads2-c and Δ5fads2 in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis in salmon and fish in general remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate in vivo functions and in vivo functional redundancy of salmon fads2 using two CRISPR-mediated partial knockout salmon, Δ6abc/5Mt with mutations in Δ6fads2-a, Δ6fads2-b, Δ6fads2-c and Δ5fads2, and Δ6bcMt with mutations in Δ6fads2-b and Δ6fads2-c. F0 fish displaying high degree of gene editing (50–100%) were fed low LC-PUFA and high LC-PUFA diets, the former containing reduced levels of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids but higher content of linoleic (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3) acids, and the latter containing high levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 but reduced compositions of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. The Δ6abc/5Mt showed reduced 22:6n-3 levels and accumulated Δ6-desaturation substrates (18:2n-6, 18:3n-3) and Δ5-desaturation substrate (20:4n-3), demonstrating impaired 22:6n-3 synthesis compared to wildtypes (WT). Δ6bcMt showed no effect on Δ6-desaturation compared to WT, suggesting Δ6 Fads2-a as having the predominant Δ6-desaturation activity in salmon, at least in the tissues analyzed. Both Δ6abc/5Mt and Δ6bcMt demonstrated significant accumulation of Δ8-desaturation substrates (20:2n-6, 20:3n-3) when fed low LC-PUFA diet. Additionally, Δ6abc/5Mt demonstrated significant upregulation of the lipogenic transcription regulator, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (srebp-1) in liver and pyloric caeca under reduced dietary LC-PUFA. Our data suggest a combined effect of endogenous LC-PUFA synthesis and dietary LC-PUFA levels on srebp-1 expression which ultimately affects LC-PUFA synthesis in salmon. Our data also suggest Δ8-desaturation activities for salmon Δ6 Fads2 enzymes.
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Sp1 is Involved in Vertebrate LC-PUFA Biosynthesis by Upregulating the Expression of Liver Desaturase and Elongase Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205066. [PMID: 31614732 PMCID: PMC6829471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus was the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the ability for the biosynthesis of long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 PUFA precursors, and all the catalytic enzymes including two fatty acyl desaturase 2 (Δ4 Fads2 and Δ6/Δ5 Fads2) and two elongases (Elovl4 and Elovl5) have been identified, providing a good model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in fish. Stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1) has been speculated to be a vital transcription factor in determining the promoter activity of Fads-like genes in fish, however its regulatory effects on gene expression and LC-PUFA biosynthesis have not been demonstrated. Bioinformatic analysis predicted potential Sp1 binding sites in the promoters of the rabbitfish Δ6/Δ5 fads2 and elovl5, but not in Δ4 fads2 promoter. Here we cloned full-length cDNA of the rabbitfish sp1 gene, which encoded a putative protein of 701 amino acids, and was expressed in all tissues studied with highest levels in gill and eyes. The dual luciferase reporter assay in HepG2 line cells demonstrated the importance of the Sp1 binding site for the promoter activities of both Δ6/Δ5 fads2 and elovl5. Moreover, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed the direct interaction of Sp1 with the two promoters. Insertion of the Sp1 binding site of Δ6/Δ5 fads2 promoter into the corresponding region of the Δ4 fads2 promoter significantly increased activity of the latter. In the Siganus canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) cells, mRNA levels of Δ6/Δ5 fads2 and elovl5 were positively correlated with the expression of sp1 when sp1 was overexpressed or knocked-down by RNAi or antagonist (mithramycin) treatment. Moreover, overexpression of sp1 also led to a higher conversion of 18:2n−6 to 18:3n−6, 18:2n−6 to 20:2n−6, and 18:3n−3 to 20:3n−3, which related to the functions of Δ6/Δ5 Fads2 and Elovl5, respectively. These results indicated that Sp1 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis by directly targeting Δ6/Δ5 fads2 and elovl5 in rabbitfish, which is the first report of Sp1 involvement in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates.
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Influence of dietary linseed oil as substitution of fish oil on whole fish fatty acid composition, lipid metabolism and oxidative status of juvenile Manchurian trout, Brachymystax lenok. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13846. [PMID: 31554849 PMCID: PMC6761147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, juvenile Manchurian trout, Brachymystax lenok (initial weight: 6.43 ± 0.02 g, mean ± SE) were received for nine weeks with five types of diets prepared by gradually replacing the proportion of fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) from 0% (LO0) to 25% (LO25), 50% (LO50), 75% (LO75), and 100% (LO100). The eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) composition decreased with increasing inclusion level of LO (P < 0.05). With increasing LO inclusion level, triglyceride (TAG) content of serum increased significantly, however, there was a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (P < 0.05). LO substitution of FO up-regulated the gene expression level of lipid metabolism-related genes Fatty Acid Desaturases 6 (FAD6), Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase (ACCα), Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), and Sterol O- Acyl Transferase 2 (SOAT2), and down-regulated the gene expression level of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a (PPARα) (P < 0.05). The SOD activities of both serum and liver in LO100 were significantly lower than in LO25 (P < 0.05). The CAT activity of the liver in LO100 was significantly lower than in LO0 and LO25 (P < 0.05). This study indicates that the Manchurian trout may have the ability to synthesize LC-PUFAs from ALA, and an appropriate LO in substitution of FO (<75%) could improve both the lipid metabolism and the oxidation resistance.
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Long-chain PUFA profiles in parental diets induce long-term effects on growth, fatty acid profiles, expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 and selected immune system-related genes in the offspring of gilthead seabream. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:25-38. [PMID: 31266551 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of nutritional programming through parental feeding on offspring performance and expression of selected genes related to stress resistance in a marine teleost. Gilthead seabream broodstock were fed diets containing various fish oil (FO)/vegetable oil ratios to determine their effects on offspring performance along embryogenesis, larval development and juvenile on-growing periods. Increased substitution of dietary FO by linseed oil (LO) up to 80 % LO significantly reduced the total number of eggs produced by kg per female per spawn. Moreover, at 30 d after hatching, parental feeding with increasing LO up to 80 % led to up-regulation of the fatty acyl desaturase 2 gene (fads2) that was correlated with the increase in conversion rates of related PUFA. Besides, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox2) and TNF-α (tnf-α) gene expression was also up-regulated by the increase in LO in broodstock diets up to 60 or 80 %, respectively. When 4-month-old offspring were challenged with diets having different levels of FO, the lowest growth was found in juveniles from broodstock fed 100 % FO. An increase in LO levels in the broodstock diet up to 60LO raised LC-PUFA levels in the juveniles, regardless of the juvenile's diet. The results showed that it is possible to nutritionally programme gilthead seabream offspring through the modification of the fatty acid profiles of parental diets to improve the growth performance of juveniles fed low FO diets, inducing long-term changes in PUFA metabolism with up-regulation of fads2 expression. The present study provided the first pieces of evidence of the up-regulation of immune system-related genes in the offspring of parents fed increased FO replacement by LO.
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of elovl2 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) inhibits elongation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and induces Srebp-1 and target genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7533. [PMID: 31101849 PMCID: PMC6525179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantic salmon can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) via activities of very long chain fatty acyl elongases (Elovls) and fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), albeit to a limited degree. Understanding molecular mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis and regulation is a pre-requisite for sustainable use of vegetable oils in aquafeeds as current sources of fish oils are unable to meet increasing demands for omega-3 PUFAs. By generating CRISPR-mediated elovl2 partial knockout (KO), we have shown that elovl2 is crucial for multi-tissue synthesis of 22:6n-3 in vivo and that endogenously synthesized PUFAs are important for transcriptional regulation of lipogenic genes in Atlantic salmon. The elovl2-KOs showed reduced levels of 22:6n-3 and accumulation of 20:5n-3 and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) in the liver, brain and white muscle, suggesting inhibition of elongation. Additionally, elovl2-KO salmon showed accumulation of 20:4n-6 in brain and white muscle. The impaired synthesis of 22:6n-3 induced hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (srebp-1), fatty acid synthase-b, Δ6fad-a, Δ5fad and elovl5. Our study demonstrates key roles of elovl2 at two penultimate steps of PUFA synthesis in vivo and suggests Srebp-1 as a main regulator of endogenous PUFA synthesis in Atlantic salmon.
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Christensen KA, Sakhrani D, Rondeau EB, Richards J, Koop BF, Devlin RH. Effect of triploidy on liver gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) under different metabolic states. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:336. [PMID: 31053056 PMCID: PMC6500012 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triploid coho salmon are excellent models for studying gene dosage and the effects of increased cell volume on gene expression. Triploids have an additional haploid genome in each cell and have fewer but larger cells than diploid coho salmon to accommodate the increased genome size. Studying gene expression in triploid coho salmon provides insight into how gene expression may have been affected after the salmonid-specific genome duplication which occurred some 90 MYA. Triploid coho salmon are sterile and consequently can live longer and grow larger than diploid congeners in many semelparous species (spawning only once) because they never reach maturity and post-spawning mortality is averted. Triploid fishes are also of interest to the commercial sector (larger fish are more valuable) and to fisheries management since sterile fish can potentially minimize negative impacts of escaped fish in the wild. RESULTS The vast majority of genes in liver tissue had similar expression levels between diploid and triploid coho salmon, indicating that the same amount of mRNA transcripts were being produced per gene copy (positive gene dosage effects) within a larger volume cell. Several genes related to nutrition and compensatory growth were differentially expressed between diploid and triploid salmon, indicating that some loci are sensitive to cell size and/or DNA content per cell. To examine how robust expression between ploidies is under different conditions, a genetic/metabolic modifier in the form of different doses of a growth hormone transgene was used to assess gene expression under conditions that the genome has not naturally experienced or adapted to. While many (up to 1400) genes were differentially expressed between non-transgenic and transgenic fish, relatively few genes were differentially expressed between diploids and triploids with similar doses of the transgene. These observations indicate that the small effect of ploidy on gene expression is robust to large changes in physiological state. CONCLUSIONS These findings are of interest from a gene regulatory perspective, but also valuable for understanding phenotypic effects in triploids, transgenics, and triploid transgenics that could affect their utility in culture conditions and their fitness and potential consequences of release into nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A Christensen
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Eric B Rondeau
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffery Richards
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ben F Koop
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Chen C, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen B, You C, Xie D, Liu Y, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Waiho K, Li Y. miR-24 is involved in vertebrate LC-PUFA biosynthesis as demonstrated in marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:619-628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Katan T, Caballero-Solares A, Taylor RG, Rise ML, Parrish CC. Effect of plant-based diets with varying ratios of ω6 to ω3 fatty acids on growth performance, tissue composition, fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid-related gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:290-304. [PMID: 31003197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how variation in omega-6 to omega-3 (ω6:ω3) fatty acid (FA) ratios affects lipid metabolism and eicosanoid synthesis in salmon, and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The current study examined the impact of five plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying ω6:ω3 (0.3-2.7) on the growth, tissue lipid composition (muscle and liver), and hepatic transcript expression of lipid metabolism and eicosanoid synthesis-related genes in Atlantic salmon. Growth performance and organ indices were not affected by dietary ω6:ω3. The liver and muscle FA composition was highly reflective of the diet (ω6:ω3 of 0.2-0.8 and 0.3-1.9, respectively) and suggested elongation and desaturation of the ω3 and ω6 precursors 18:3ω3 and 18:2ω6. Furthermore, proportions of ω6 and ω3 PUFA in both tissues showed significant positive correlations with dietary inclusion (% of diet) of soy and linseed oils, respectively. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) further demonstrated that liver long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis (specifically 20:5ω3 and 20:4ω6) was largely driven by dietary 18:3ω3 and 18:2ω6, even when 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 were supplied at levels above minimum requirements. In addition, significant positive and negative correlations were identified between the transcript expression of LC-PUFA synthesis-related genes and liver ω6 and ω3 LC-PUFA, respectively, further supporting FA biosynthesis. Liver ω3 LC-PUFA also correlated negatively with the eicosanoid synthesis-related transcripts pgds and cox1. This is the first study to use CSIA, hepatic transcriptome, and tissue lipid composition analyses concurrently to demonstrate the impact of plant-based diets with varying ω6:ω3 on farmed Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada.
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada
| | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, NL. Canada.
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Individual differences in EPA and DHA content of Atlantic salmon are associated with gene expression of key metabolic processes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3889. [PMID: 30846825 PMCID: PMC6405848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore how individual differences in content of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in skeletal muscle of slaughter-sized Atlantic salmon, are associated with expression of genes involved in key metabolic processes. All experimental fish were fed the same diet throughout life and fasted for 14 days prior to slaughter. Still, there were relatively large individual variations in EPA and DHA content of skeletal muscle. Higher DHA content was concurrent with increased expression of genes of the glycolytic pathway and the production of pyruvate and lactate, whereas EPA was associated with increased expression of pentose phosphate pathway and glycogen breakdown genes. Furthermore, EPA, but not DHA, was associated with expression of genes involved in insulin signaling. Expression of genes specific for skeletal muscle function were positively associated with both EPA and DHA. EPA and DHA were also associated with expression of genes related to eicosanoid and resolvin production. EPA was negatively associated with expression of genes involved in lipid catabolism. Thus, a possible reason why some individuals have a higher level of EPA in the skeletal muscle is that they deposit - rather than oxidize - EPA for energy.
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Li Y, Yin Z, Dong Y, Wang S, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, You C. Pparγ Is Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of Liver LC-PUFA Biosynthesis by Targeting the Δ6Δ5 Fatty Acyl Desaturase Gene in the Marine Teleost Siganus canaliculatus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:19-29. [PMID: 30206714 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the ability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis from C18 PUFA precursors, the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus provides us a unique model for clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts aiming at the replacement of dietary fish oil (rich in LC-PUFA) with vegetable oils (rich in C18 PUFA precursors but devoid of LC-PUFA). In the study of transcription regulation of gene encoding the Δ6Δ5 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ6Δ5 Fads), a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the first step of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rabbitfish, a binding site for the transcription factor (TF), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), was predicted in Δ6Δ5 fads2 promoter by bioinformatics analysis, and thus the present study focused on the regulatory roles of Pparγ on Δ6Δ5 fads2. First, the activity of the Δ6Δ5 fads2 promoter was proved to be downregulated by pparγ overexpression and upregulated by treatment of Pparγ antagonist (GW9662), respectively, in HEK 293T cells with the dual luciferase reporter assay. Pparγ was further confirmed to interact with the promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Moreover, in S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) cells, GW9662 decreased the expression of pparγ together with increase of Δ6Δ5 fads2 mRNA. Besides, Δ6Δ5 fads2 expression was increased by pparγ RNAi knockdown and reduced by its mRNA overexpression. Furthermore, knockdown of pparγ induced a high conversion of 18:3n-3 to 18:4n-3 and 18:2n-6 to 18:3n-6, while pparγ mRNA overexpression led to a lower conversion of that, and finally a significant decrease of 20:4n-6(ARA), 20:5n-3(EPA), and 22:6n-3(DHA) production. The results indicate that Pparγ is involved in the transcriptional regulation of liver LC-PUFA biosynthesis by targeting Δ6Δ5 fads2 in rabbitfish, which is the first report of Pparγ involvement in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Ziyan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Zhu T, Corraze G, Plagnes-Juan E, Skiba-Cassy S. Circulating miRNA measurements are reflective of cholesterol-based changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206727. [PMID: 30395627 PMCID: PMC6218197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which are known to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of most genes in both animals and plants. Meanwhile, studies have shown that numbers of miRNAs are present in body fluids including the plasma. Despite the mode of action of these circulating miRNAs still remains unknown, they have been found to be promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment. In order to evaluate the potential of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in aquaculture, a time-course experiment was implemented to investigate the postprandial regulation of miRNAs levels in liver and plasma as well as the hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. We showed that miR-1, miR-33a, miR-122, miR-128 and miR-223 were expressed in the liver of rainbow trout and present at detectable level in the plasma. We also demonstrated that hepatic expression of miR-1, miR-122 and miR-128 were regulated by feed intake and reached their highest levels 12 hours after the meal. Interestingly, we observed that circulating levels of miR-128 and miR-223 are subjected to postprandial regulations similar to that observed in their hepatic counterparts. Statistical correlations were observed between liver and plasma for miR-128 and miR-223 and between hepatic and circulating miR-122, miR-128 and miR-223 and expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis and efflux or glucose phosphorylation. These results demonstrated that circulating miR-122, miR-128 and miR-223 are potential biomarkers of cholesterol metabolism in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhu
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
- * E-mail:
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Caballero-Solares A, Xue X, Parrish CC, Foroutani MB, Taylor RG, Rise ML. Changes in the liver transcriptome of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed experimental diets based on terrestrial alternatives to fish meal and fish oil. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:796. [PMID: 30390635 PMCID: PMC6215684 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dependence on marine natural resources threatens the sustainability of Atlantic salmon aquaculture. In the present study, Atlantic salmon fed for 14 weeks with an experimental diet based on animal by-products and vegetable oil (ABP) exhibited reduced growth performance compared with others fed a fish meal/fish oil based experimental diet (MAR) and a plant protein/vegetable oil-based experimental diet (VEG). To characterize the molecular changes underlying the differences in growth performance, we conducted a 44 K microarray study of the liver transcriptome of the three dietary groups. Results The microarray experiment identified 122 differentially expressed features (Rank Products, PFP < 10%). Based on their associated Gene Ontology terms, 46 probes were classified as metabolic and growth-relevant genes, 25 as immune-related, and 12 as related to oxidation-reduction processes. The microarray results were validated by qPCR analysis of 29 microarray-identified transcripts. Diets significantly modulated the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (gck and pfkfb4), cell growth and proliferation (sgk2 and htra1), apoptosis (gadd45b), lipid metabolism (fabp3, idi1, sqs), and immunity (igd, mx, ifit5, and mhcI). Hierarchical clustering and linear correlation analyses were performed to find gene expression patterns among the qPCR-analyzed transcripts, and connections between them and muscle and liver lipid composition. Overall, our results indicate that changes in the liver transcriptome and tissue lipid composition were driven by cholesterol synthesis up-regulation by ABP and VEG diets, and the lower carbohydrate intake in the ABP group. Two of the microarray-identified genes (sgk2 and htra1) might be key to explaining glucose metabolism regulation and the dietary-modulation of the immune system in fish. To evaluate the potential of these genes as predictive biomarkers, we subjected the qPCR data to a stepwise discriminant analysis. Three sets of no more than four genes were found to be able to predict, with high accuracy (67–94%), salmon growth and fatty acid composition. Conclusions This study provides new findings on the impact of terrestrial animal and plant products on the nutrition and health of farmed Atlantic salmon, and a new method based on gene biomarkers for potentially predicting desired phenotypes, which could help formulate superior feeds for the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5188-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Maryam Beheshti Foroutani
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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miR-146a is involved in the regulation of vertebrate LC-PUFA biosynthesis by targeting elovl5 as demonstrated in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus. Gene 2018; 676:306-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Li Y, Zeng X, Dong Y, Chen C, You C, Tang G, Chen J, Wang S. Hnf4α Is Involved in LC-PUFA Biosynthesis by Up-Regulating Gene Transcription of Elongase in Marine Teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103193. [PMID: 30332813 PMCID: PMC6214118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus is the first marine teleost shown to be able to biosynthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 PUFA precursors catalyzed by two fatty acyl desaturases (fad) including Δ4 Fad and Δ6/Δ5 Fad as well as two elongases (Elovl4 and Elovl5). Previously, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (Hnf4α) was demonstrated to be predominant in the transcriptional regulation of two fads. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms involved in rabbitfish lipogenesis, the present study focused on the regulatory role of Hnf4α to elovl5 expression and LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Bioinformatics analysis predicted two potential Hnf4α elements in elovl5 promoter, one binding site was confirmed to interact with Hnf4α by gel shift assays. Moreover, overexpression of hnf4α caused a remarkable increase both in elovl5 promoter activity and mRNA contents, while knock-down of hnf4α in S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) resulted in a significant decrease of elovl5 gene expression. Meanwhile, hnf4α overexpression enhanced LC-PUFA biosynthesis in SCHL cell, and intraperitoneal injection to rabbitfish juveniles with Hnf4α agonists (Alverine and Benfluorex) increased the expression of hnf4α, elvol5 and Δ4 fad, coupled with an increased proportion of total LC-PUFA in liver. The results demonstrated that Hnf4α is involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis by up-regulating the transcription of the elovl5 gene in rabbitfish, which is the first report of Hnf4α as a transcription factor of the elovl5 gene in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yewei Dong
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Guoxia Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Junliang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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45
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Xu Y, Zheng Y, Li W, Ding Z. Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementations Could Significantly Promote the Δ6 Fatty Acid Desaturase and Fatty Acid Elongase Gene Expression, Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Growth of Juvenile Cobia. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youqing Xu
- Institute for Fisheries Sciences; Guangxi University; Nanning 530004 China
| | - Yimin Zheng
- Institute for Fisheries Sciences; Guangxi University; Nanning 530004 China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Institute for Fisheries Sciences; Guangxi University; Nanning 530004 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation; Qinzhou University; Qinzhou 535011 China
| | - Zhaokun Ding
- Institute for Fisheries Sciences; Guangxi University; Nanning 530004 China
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Liland NS, Pittman K, Whatmore P, Torstensen BE, Sissener NH. Fucosterol Causes Small Changes in Lipid Storage and Brassicasterol Affects some Markers of Lipid Metabolism in Atlantic Salmon Hepatocytes. Lipids 2018; 53:737-747. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina S. Liland
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
| | - Karin Pittman
- Department of Biology; University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53B; 5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Paul Whatmore
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
| | - Bente E. Torstensen
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
| | - Nini H. Sissener
- Research group Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes gaten 50; 5005 Bergen Norway
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A systemic study of lipid metabolism regulation in salmon fingerlings and early juveniles fed plant oil. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:653-664. [PMID: 30064538 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In salmon farming, the scarcity of fish oil has driven a shift towards the use of plant-based oil from vegetable or seed, leading to fish feed low in long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) and cholesterol. Atlantic salmon has the capacity to synthesise both LC-PUFA and cholesterol, but little is known about the regulation of synthesis and how it varies throughout salmon life span. Here, we present a systemic view of lipid metabolism pathways based on lipid analyses and transcriptomic data from salmon fed contrasting diets of plant or fish oil from first feeding. We analysed four tissues (stomach, pyloric caeca, hindgut and liver) at three life stages (initial feeding 0·16 g, 2·5 g fingerlings and 10 g juveniles). The strongest response to diets higher in plant oil was seen in pyloric caeca of fingerlings, with up-regulation of thirty genes in pathways for cholesterol uptake, transport and biosynthesis. In juveniles, only eleven genes showed differential expression in pyloric caeca. This indicates a higher requirement of dietary cholesterol in fingerlings, which could result in a more sensitive response to plant oil. The LC-PUFA elongation and desaturation pathway was down-regulated in pyloric caeca, probably regulated by srebp1 genes. In liver, cholesterol metabolism and elongation and desaturation genes were both higher on plant oil. Stomach and hindgut were not notably affected by dietary treatment. Plant oil also had a higher impact on fatty acid composition of fingerlings compared with juveniles, suggesting that fingerlings have less metabolic regulatory control when primed with plant oil diet compared with juveniles.
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Callet T, Dupont-Nivet M, Cluzeaud M, Jaffrezic F, Laloë D, Kerneis T, Labbé L, Quillet E, Geurden I, Mazurais D, Skiba-Cassy S, Médale F. Detection of new pathways involved in the acceptance and the utilisation of a plant-based diet in isogenic lines of rainbow trout fry. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201462. [PMID: 30063731 PMCID: PMC6067751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the growing demand of fish feed for aquaculture, an increasing proportion of marine ingredients are being replaced by blends of plant products. However, the total replacement of marine ingredients in salmonid diets impairs fish performance. This is particularly true during the early fry stage and this stage is therefore considered of particular importance. In rainbow trout (RBT), the existence of a genetic variability to survive and grow with plant-based diets devoid of marine ingredients has now been proved, but the mechanisms behind are little studied especially at early stage. To investigate these, we analysed the whole transcriptome of three isogenic lines of RBT fry, which have similar growth when fed a marine resources-based diet (M diet) but which highly differ in their responses to a plant-based diet (V diet). Analysis of transcriptomes profiles revealed 1740, 1834 and 246 probes differentially expressed among the three genotypes when fed the V diet. The use of these lines led to the discovery of potential molecular markers linked to plant-based diet utilisation, some of them belonging to new pathways, never described before. An important number of genes was related to immunity, but further investigations are needed to better understand the difference between the genotypes in their immune status response to V diet exposure. Finally, differences in expression of genes related to feed intake and sensory perception among genotypes suggested that the mechanisms underlying the differences in growth on plant-based diet are closely linked to diet acceptance. Research on plants components affecting feed intake should be thus further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Callet
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- UMR NuMéA, INRA, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Florence Jaffrezic
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Edwige Quillet
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Jaya-Ram A, Fuad F, Zakeyuddin MS, Sah ASRM. Muscle Fatty Acid Content in Selected Freshwater Fish from Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2018; 29:103-117. [PMID: 30112144 PMCID: PMC6072723 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the oldest reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia, Bukit Merah Reservoir, is a place in which locals participate in fishing activities. Inland fisheries are important to individuals, society and the environment; whereby they generate a source of income and food security. It is essential to gauge the nutrition value of fish caught in this location as food source, especially in terms of fatty acid composition, to better demonstrate its potential towards the betterment of human health and general well-being. From an initial list of 47 fish species available in Bukit Merah Reservoir, a total of seven edible freshwater fish species were identified, namely tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii), Javanese barb (Barbonymus gonionotus), hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota), beardless barb (Cyclocheilichthys apogon), glassfish (Oxygaster anomalura), striped snakehead (Channa striata) and horseface loach (Acantopsis dialuzona), and muscle fatty acid content was analysed to determine their nutritional value. Muscle of cyprinid fish contained substantial amount of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) compared to fish from Channidae and Cobitidae families. Javanese and tinfoil barbs muscle recorded the highest levels of combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) indicating the highest nutritional value comparatively. Unexpectedly, the striped snakehead, a predatory carnivore, contained lower levels of LC-PUFA compared to detrivorous/herbivorous fishes. This further justifies that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in fish muscle varies according to their feeding habits. Even though it has been recommended that marine fish be consumed to improve health to a certain extent, there still are benefits of consuming freshwater fish, as there are several species which contain considerable amounts of beneficial omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Jaya-Ram
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Fuad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shafiq Zakeyuddin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Dietary resveratrol impairs body weight gain due to reduction of feed intake without affecting fatty acid composition in Atlantic salmon. Animal 2018; 13:25-32. [PMID: 29681254 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the use of vegetable oils at expense of fish oil in aquaculture feeds might have potential negative effects on fish redox homeostasis and adiposity. Resveratrol (RESV) is a lipid-soluble phytoalexin present in fruits and vegetables with proven in vivo antioxidant function in animals. The present study aims to assess the potential use of RESV in Atlantic salmon feeds. To this end, post-smolt salmons with an initial BW of 148±3 g were fed four experimental diets for 15 weeks. A diet low in fish oil served as a control and was supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 g/kg of RESV, respectively. The effect of the experimental diets on animal performance, tissue fatty acid composition, and the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in antioxidant signalling, lipid peroxidation, and metabolism were studied. Resveratrol significantly reduced feed intake and final BW of the salmon. Feeding RESV did not affect the sum of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids or total lipids in the fillet. While the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids was not affected, the percentages of some fatty acids in the liver and fillet were changed by RESV. Furthermore, in liver, the relative expression of glutathione peroxidase 4b, nuclear factor-like 2, and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase remained unchanged across treatment groups. In conclusion, the negative impact of dietary RESV on FI and hence reduction of the BW discourages its inclusion in low fish oil diets for Atlantic salmon.
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