1
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Han S, Byun JW, Lee M. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Flagellar-Associated Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its rnc Mutant. J Microbiol 2024; 62:33-48. [PMID: 38182942 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a globally recognized foodborne pathogen that affects both animals and humans. Endoribonucleases mediate RNA processing and degradation in the adaptation of bacteria to environmental changes and have been linked to the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium. Not much is known about the specific regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes in S. Typhimurium, particularly in the context of environmental adaptation. Thus, this study carried out a comparative transcriptomic analysis of wild-type S. Typhimurium SL1344 and its mutant (∆rnc), which lacks the rnc gene encoding RNase III, thereby elucidating the detailed regulatory characteristics that can be attributed to the rnc gene. Global gene expression analysis revealed that the ∆rnc strain exhibited 410 upregulated and 301 downregulated genes (fold-change > 1.5 and p < 0.05), as compared to the wild-type strain. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes are involved in various physiological functions, in both the wild-type and ∆rnc strains. This study provides evidence for the critical role of RNase III as a general positive regulator of flagellar-associated genes and its involvement in the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmok Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Byun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Russi RC, del Balzo D, Reidel IG, Alonso Bivou M, Flor N, Lujan A, Sanchez D, Damiani MT, Veaute C. Evaluation of three formulations based on Polymorphic membrane protein D in mice infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267684. [PMID: 38045697 PMCID: PMC10690417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant impact of Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infections worldwide highlights the need to develop a prophylactic vaccine that elicits effective immunity and protects the host from the immunopathological effects of Ct infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a vaccine based on a fragment of the Polymorphic membrane protein D (FPmpD) of C. trachomatis as an immunogen using a heterologous DNA prime-protein boost strategy in female mice Three different formulations were evaluated as protein boost: free recombinant FPmpD (rFPmpD) or rFPmpD formulated with a liposomal adjuvant alternatively supplemented with CpG or a cationic gemini lipopeptide as immunostimulants. The three candidates induced an increase in the cervicovaginal and systemic titers of anti-rFPmpD antibodies in two strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6), with no evidence of fertility alterations. The three formulations induced a rapid and robust humoral immune response upon the Ct challenge. However, the booster with free rFPmpD more efficiently reduced the shedding of infective Ct and prevented the development of immunopathology. The formulations containing adjuvant induced a strong inflammatory reaction in the uterine tissue. Hence, the prime-boost strategy with the adjuvant-free FPmpD vaccine formulation might constitute a promissory candidate to prevent C. trachomatis intravaginal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Cecilia Russi
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego del Balzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ivana Gabriela Reidel
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mariano Alonso Bivou
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Noelia Flor
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustín Lujan
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Damiani
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carolina Veaute
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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3
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Trier NH, Houen G. Advances in Antibody Design and Antigenic Peptide Targeting 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098033. [PMID: 37175740 PMCID: PMC10178569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies possess numerous important functions in diagnostics, both as therapeutics and as research tools [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansensvej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansensvej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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4
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Kim J, Kim D, Baek K, Kim M, Kang BM, Maharjan S, Park S, Choi JK, Kim S, Kim YK, Park MS, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Production of a Monoclonal Antibody to the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Application to ELISA-Based Detection Methods with Broad Specificity by Combined Use of Detector Antibodies. Viruses 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 36680068 PMCID: PMC9866944 DOI: 10.3390/v15010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is ongoing. Currently accessible antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests are limited by their low sensitivity and detection efficacy due to evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we produced and characterized an anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), 2A7H9. Monoclonal antibody 2A7H9 and a previously developed mAb, 1G10C4, have different specificities. The 2A7H9 mAb detected the N protein of S clade, delta, iota, and mu but not omicron, whereas the 1G10C4 antibody recognized the N protein of all variants under study. In a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, recombinant N protein bound to the 1G10C4 mAb could be detected by both 1G10C4 and 2A7H9 mAbs. Similarly, N protein bound to the 2A7H9 mAb was detected by both mAbs, confirming the existence of dimeric N protein. While the 1G10C4 mAb detected omicron and mu with higher efficiency than S clade, delta, and iota, the 2A7H9 mAb efficiently detected all the strains except omicron, with higher affinity to S clade and mu than others. Combined use of 1G10C4 and 2A7H9 mAb resulted in the detection of all the strains with considerable sensitivity, suggesting that antibody combinations can improve the simultaneous detection of virus variants. Therefore, our findings provide insights into the development and improvement of diagnostic tools with broader specificity and higher sensitivity to detect rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongbin Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Min Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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5
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Kim J, Kim M, Kim D, Park S, Kang M, Baek K, Choi JK, Maharjan S, Akauliya M, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Targeting the Interaction Between Spike Protein and Nucleocapsid Protein for Suppression and Detection of Human Coronavirus OC43. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835333. [PMID: 35359936 PMCID: PMC8960273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is the coronavirus most associated with "common colds", infections of the upper respiratory tract. Previously, we reported that direct interactions of nucleocapsid (N) protein and C-terminal domain of Spike protein (Spike CD) are essential for replication of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. Thus, we developed a novel ELISA-based strategy targeting these specific interactions to detect SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. Here, we investigated whether the same principles apply to HCoV-OC43. We discovered that the S protein of HCoV-OC43 interacts with N protein and that cell penetrating Spike CD peptide inhibits virus protein expression and replication of HCoV-OC43. The interaction between HCoV-OC43 S and N proteins were recapitulated with a recombinant HCoV-OC43 Spike CD fusion protein and a recombinant HCoV-OC43 N fusion protein in vitro. By producing an anti-HCoV-OC43 N protein-specific monoclonal antibody, we established a virus detection system based on the interaction between recombinant Spike CD and N protein of HCoV-OC43. We suggest that the interaction between Spike CD and N protein is conserved in coronaviruses and therefore could be a target for therapeutics against both novel coronavirus and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mijeong Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyeongbin Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Madhav Akauliya
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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6
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Kim D, Kim J, Park S, Kim M, Baek K, Kang M, Choi JK, Maharjan S, Akauliya M, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Production of SARS-CoV-2 N Protein-Specific Monoclonal Antibody and Its Application in an ELISA-Based Detection System and Targeting the Interaction Between the Spike C-Terminal Domain and N Protein. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726231. [PMID: 34950112 PMCID: PMC8688357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to spread quickly by human-to-human transmission around the world. Therefore, developing methods to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity are still urgently needed. We produced a monoclonal antibody that specifically detects the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 and recognizes N protein in cell lysates of SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero cells but not in cell lysates of MERS-CoV- or HCoV-OC43-infected Vero cells. This antibody recognized N protein in SARS-CoV-2 clades S, GR, and GH and recognized N protein in all the SARS-CoV-2 clades to ∼300 pfu. Previously, we reported that the coronavirus N protein interacts with the C-terminal domain of the spike protein (Spike CD). In this study, we developed an ELISA-based "bait and prey" system to confirm the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike CD and N protein using recombinant fusion proteins. Furthermore, this system can be modified to quantitatively detect SARS-CoV-2 in culture media of infected cells by monitoring the interaction between the recombinant Spike CD fusion protein and the viral N protein, which is captured by the N protein-specific antibody. Therefore, we conclude that our N protein-specific monoclonal antibody and our ELISA-based bait and prey system could be used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyeongbin Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Mijeong Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Madhav Akauliya
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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7
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Park BK, Kim J, Park S, Kim D, Kim M, Baek K, Bae JY, Park MS, Kim WK, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replication can be inhibited by targeting the interaction between the viral spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein. Theranostics 2021; 11:3853-3867. [PMID: 33664866 PMCID: PMC7914343 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular interactions between viral proteins form the basis of virus production and can be used to develop strategies against virus infection. The interactions of the envelope proteins and the viral RNA-binding nucleocapsid (N) protein are essential for the assembly of coronaviruses including the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Methods: Using co-immunoprecipitation, immunostaining, and proteomics analysis, we identified a protein interacting with the spike (S) protein in the cells infected with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. To confirm the interaction, synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal domain of the S protein (Spike CD) were produced and their effect on the interaction was investigated in vitro. In vivo effect of the Spike CD peptides after cell penetration was further investigated using viral plaque formation assay. Phylogeographic analyses were conducted to deduce homology of Spike CDs and N proteins. Results: We identified a direct interaction between the S protein and the N protein of MERS-CoV that takes place during virus assembly in infected cells. Spike CD peptides of MERS-CoV inhibited the interaction between the S and N proteins in vitro. Furthermore, cell penetration by the synthetic Spike CD peptides inhibited viral plaque formation in MERS-CoV-infected cells. Phylogeographic analyses of Spike CDs and N proteins showed high homology among betacoronavirus lineage C strains. To determine if Spike CD peptides can inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we used the same strategy and found that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike CD peptide inhibited virus replication in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Conclusions: We suggest that the interaction between the S protein and the N protein can be targeted to design new therapeutics against emerging coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Kwon Park
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongbin Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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8
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Grippo LD, Reidel IG, García MI, Streu A, Müller DM, Veaute CM. Gemini lipopeptides as vaccine adjuvants: a new role for these versatile carriers. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:159-163. [PMID: 32864372 PMCID: PMC7445326 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of subunit vaccines requires new adjuvant systems. We designed and synthesized new lipopeptides (cysteine-based) of low molecular weight with different hydrophobic chains that dimerize becoming gemini lipopeptides. They were characterized and their adjuvant capacity was tested in mice by the inoculation of a protein antigen formulated with the lipopeptides, with and without the addition of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides. Formulations were able to induce an immune response and produced no adverse effects. An adjuvant ability is described for the first time for this type of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Daniela Grippo
- LAQUIMAP, Dto. Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ivana Gabriela Reidel
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Inés García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alexis Streu
- LAQUIMAP, Dto. Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana María Müller
- LAQUIMAP, Dto. Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Melania Veaute
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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9
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Park BK, Maharjan S, Lee SI, Kim J, Bae JY, Park MS, Kwon HJ. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV targeting the spike protein using a synthetic peptide epitope-CpG-DNA-liposome complex. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30355437 PMCID: PMC6605520 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.6.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) uses the spike (S) glycoprotein to recognize and enter target cells. In this study, we selected two epitope peptide sequences within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the MERS-CoV S protein. We used a complex consisting of the epitope peptide of the MERS-CoV S protein and CpG-DNA encapsulated in liposome complex to immunize mice, and produced the monoclonal antibodies 506-2G10G5 and 492-1G10E4E2. The western blotting data showed that both monoclonal antibodies detected the S protein and immunoprecipitated the native form of the S protein. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal analysis suggested strong reactivity of the antibodies towards the S protein of MERS-CoV virus infected Vero cells. Furthermore, the 506-2G10G5 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced plaque formation in MERS-CoV infected Vero cells compared to normal mouse IgG and 492-1G10E4E2. Thus, we successfully produced a monoclonal antibody directed against the RBD domain of the S protein which could be used in the development of diagnostics and therapeutic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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10
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Park BK, Maharjan S, Lee SI, Kim J, Bae JY, Park MS, Kwon HJ. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV targeting the spike protein using a synthetic peptide epitope-CpG-DNA-liposome complex. BMB Rep 2019; 52:397-402. [PMID: 30355437 PMCID: PMC6605520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) uses the spike (S) glycoprotein to recognize and enter target cells. In this study, we selected two epitope peptide sequences within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the MERS-CoV S protein. We used a complex consisting of the epitope peptide of the MERS-CoV S protein and CpG-DNA encapsulated in liposome complex to immunize mice, and produced the monoclonal antibodies 506-2G10G5 and 492-1G10E4E2. The western blotting data showed that both monoclonal antibodies detected the S protein and immunoprecipitated the native form of the S protein. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal analysis suggested strong reactivity of the antibodies towards the S protein of MERS-CoV virus infected Vero cells. Furthermore, the 506-2G10G5 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced plaque formation in MERS-CoV infected Vero cells compared to normal mouse IgG and 492-1G10E4E2. Thus, we successfully produced a monoclonal antibody directed against the RBD domain of the S protein which could be used in the development of diagnostics and therapeutic applications in the future. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(6): 397-402].
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841,
Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 02841,
Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252,
Korea
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11
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Park S, Kim D, Wu G, Jung H, Park JA, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. A peptide-CpG-DNA-liposome complex vaccine targeting TM4SF5 suppresses growth of pancreatic cancer in a mouse allograft model. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8655-8672. [PMID: 30584324 PMCID: PMC6284540 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s186606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with pancreatic cancer have a poor prognosis and are usually diagnosed at a late stage. Because TM4SF5 is known to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer, it is considered as one of the candidate molecular targets for an anticancer strategies. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible utility of TM4SF5 to treat pancreatic cancer using a mouse allograft model. Materials and methods We analyzed expression of TM4SF5 in pancreatic cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. We established a mouse pancreatic cancer cell line stably expressing TM4SF5 and identified the effect of TM4SF5 expression in vitro. We used the CpG-DNA-peptide-liposome complex as a peptide vaccine and investigated antitumor effects of the vaccine in a mouse model with TM4SF5 expressing pancreatic cells. To investigate the function of produced antibody, we evaluated effects of the anti-TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody in vitro in terms of cell growth and migration properties. Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 36.4% of pancreatic cancer tissue samples expressed TM4SF5. Expression of TM4SF5 induced increased cell proliferation and motility in vitro. Injection of the TM4SF5 peptide vaccine induced the production of anti-hTM4SF5 antibodies and reduced the growth of pancreatic tumors in mice established by subcutaneous injection of the TM4SF5-expressing mouse pancreatic cancer cell line. The treatment of TM4SF5-expressing cells with the anti-hTM4SF5 monoclonal antibody reduced cell growth, modulated the expression of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers Vimentin and E-cadherin, and decreased cell motility in vitro. Conclusion Our results showed that the TM4SF5 peptide vaccine had a protective effect against pancreatic tumors expressing TM4SF5, and this effect was mediated, at least in part, by the production and suppressive function of the anti-TM4SF5 antibodies. Therefore, we suggest that targeting TM4SF5 could be a novel strategy to prevent or treat pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea, .,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea,
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea,
| | - Guang Wu
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea, .,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China,
| | - Harry Jung
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea,
| | - Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea, .,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea,
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea, .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea, .,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea,
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12
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Kim TH, Kim D, Gautam A, Lee H, Kwak MH, Park MC, Park S, Wu G, Lee BL, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. CpG-DNA exerts antibacterial effects by protecting immune cells and producing bacteria-reactive antibodies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16236. [PMID: 30390012 PMCID: PMC6214913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG-DNA activates various immune cells, contributing to the host defense against bacteria. Here, we examined the biological function of CpG-DNA in the production of bacteria-reactive antibodies. The administration of CpG-DNA increased survival in mice following infection with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and protected immune cell populations in the peritoneal cavity, bone marrow, and spleen. CpG-DNA injection likewise increased bacteria-reactive antibodies in the mouse peritoneal fluid and serum, which was dependent on TLR9. B cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity produced bacteria-reactive antibodies in vitro following CpG-DNA administration that enhanced the phagocytic activity of the peritoneal cells. The bacteria-reactive monoclonal antibody enhanced phagocytosis in vitro and protected mice after S. aureus infection. Therefore, we suggest that CpG-DNA enhances the antibacterial activity of the immune system by protecting immune cells and triggering the production of bacteria-reactive antibodies. Consequently, we believe that monoclonal antibodies could aid in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibody Formation/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Staphylococcal Infections/blood
- Staphylococcal Infections/immunology
- Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
- Staphylococcal Infections/therapy
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Avishekh Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Wu
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- Global Research Laboratory of Insect Symbiosis, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Production of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the M Protein of MERS-CoV for Detection of MERS-CoV Using a Synthetic Peptide Epitope Formulated with a CpG-DNA-Liposome Complex. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018; 25:819-826. [PMID: 32214929 PMCID: PMC7087630 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) contains four major structural proteins, the spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, membrane (M) glycoprotein and small envelope glycoprotein. The M protein of MERS-CoV has a role in the morphogenesis or assembly of the virus and inhibits type I interferon expression in infected cells. Here, we produced a monoclonal antibody specific against the M protein of MERS-CoV by injecting BALB/c mice with a complex containing the epitope peptide and CpG–DNA encapsulated with a phosphatidyl-β-oleoyl-γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE):cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS). The monoclonal antibody was reactive to the epitope peptide of the M protein of MERS-CoV which was confirmed by western blotting and immunoprecipitations. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and confocal image analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody binds specifically to the M protein of MERS-CoV in the virus-infected cells. Further studies using this monoclonal antibody may provide important information on the function of the M protein and its future application in diagnostics.
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14
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Park BK, Park JY, Kim TH, Kim D, Wu G, Gautam A, Maharjan S, Lee SI, Lee Y, Kwon HJ, Choi KC. Production of an anti-TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody and its application in the detection of TM4SF5 as a possible marker of a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:275-285. [PMID: 29749436 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) has been implicated in various human cancers. Immunization with a peptide vaccine targeting human TM4SF5 has been shown to exert prophylactic and therapeutic effects against the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer in mouse models. In this study, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mEC2‑CF) targeting a cyclic epitope of TM4SF5 and evaluated its reactivity to TM4SF5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and cancer tissues. The isotype of mEC2‑CF was IgG2a and the antibody specifically recognized the cyclic peptide, based on ELISA. The antibody recognized recombinant TM4SF5 overexpressed in 293F cells, irrespective of N‑glycosidase F treatment. The antibody was internalized into the cytosol after binding to the surface of TM4SF5‑expressing CRC cells, suggesting that this antibody may be useful in therapeutics. In addition, we evaluated TM4SF5 expression in the tissues of patients with CRC patients to determine its prognostic significance. TM4SF5 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using mEC2‑CF and tissue microarray blocks of 204 primary CRC samples. The overall rate of TM4SF5 overexpression in the samples (immunohistochemical score >4) was 27.0% (55 of 204). The increased expression of TM4SF5 was significantly associated with a shorter survival rate (P=0.0014) and a worse disease‑free survival (P=0.0483) of patients with CRC. No association was observed between TM4SF5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, apart from tumor depth of invasion (P=0.027). These results suggest that our novel antibody can be used to detect endogenous and recombinant TM4SF5, and that TM4SF5 may be a possible marker for the poor prognosis of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Te Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Wu
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Avishekh Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Chan Choi
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wu G, Kim D, Kim JN, Park S, Maharjan S, Koh H, Moon K, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. A Mucin1 C-terminal Subunit-directed Monoclonal Antibody Targets Overexpressed Mucin1 in Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:78-91. [PMID: 29290794 PMCID: PMC5743461 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucin1 (MUC1) is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein that has gained attention because of its overexpression in various cancers. However, MUC1-targeted therapeutic antibodies have not yet been approved for cancer therapy. MUC1 is cleaved to two subunits, MUC1-N and MCU1-C. MUC1-N is released from the cell surface, making MUC1-C a more reasonable target for cancer therapy. Therefore, we produced a monoclonal antibody (anti-hMUC1) specific to the extracellular region of MUC1-C and evaluated its effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We produced a monoclonal antibody (anti-hMUC1) using a purified recombinant human MUC1 polypeptide and our novel immunization protocol. The reactivity of anti-hMUC1 was characterized by ELISA, western blotting and immunoprecipitation analyses. The localization of the antibody in the breast cancer cells after binding was determined by confocal image analysis. The effects of the antibody on the growth of cells were also investigated. We injected anti-hMUC1 and performed in vivo tracing analysis in xenograft mouse models. In addition, expression of MUC1 in tissue sections from patients with breast cancer was assessed by immunohistochemistry with anti-hMUC1. Results: The anti-hMUC1 antibody recognized recombinant MUC1 as well as native MUC1-C protein in breast cancer cells. Anti-hMUC1 binds to the membrane surface of cells that express MUC1 and is internalized in some cancer cell lines. Treatment with anti-hMUC1 significantly reduced proliferation of cells in which anti-hMUC1 antibody is internalized. Furthermore, the anti-hMUC1 antibody was specifically localized in the MUC1-expressing breast cancer cell-derived tumors in xenograft mouse models. Based on immunohistochemistry analysis, we detected significantly higher expression of MUC1 in cancer tissues than in normal control tissues. Conclusion: Our results reveal that the anti-hMUC1 antibody targets the extracellular region of MUC1-C subunit and may have utility in future applications as an anti-breast cancer agent.
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16
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Production of Anti-c-Myc Monoclonal Antibody Inhibiting DNA Binding of c-Myc and Max Dimer by Epitope Peptide–CpG-DNA–Liposome Complex Without Carriers. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Production of Epitope-Specific Antibodies by Immunization with Synthetic Epitope Peptide Formulated with CpG-DNA-Liposome Complex Without Carriers. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1348:127-35. [PMID: 26424269 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibody production using synthetic peptides has been investigated extensively to develop therapeutic antibodies and prophylactic vaccines. Previously, we reported that a complex of CpG-DNA and synthetic peptides corresponding to B cell epitopes, encapsulated in a phosphatidyl-β-oleoyl-γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE):cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS) complex, significantly enhanced the synthetic peptide-specific IgG production. Here, we describe synthetic peptide-based epitope screening and antibody production without conventional carriers.
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18
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Kim D, Kim TH, Wu G, Park BK, Ha JH, Kim YS, Lee K, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Extracellular Release of CD11b by TLR9 Stimulation in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150677. [PMID: 26954233 PMCID: PMC4783063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG-DNA upregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell surface markers. Investigators have shown that CD11b (integrin αM) regulates TLR-triggered inflammatory responses in the macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of CpG-DNA on the expression of CD11b in macrophages. There was no significant change in surface expression of CD11b after CpG-DNA stimulation. However, CD11b was released into culture supernatants after stimulation with phosphorothioate-backbone modified CpG-DNA such as PS-ODN CpG-DNA 1826(S). In contrast, MB-ODN 4531 and non-CpG-DNA control (regardless of backbone type and liposome-encapsulation) failed to induce release of CD11b. Therefore, the context of the CpG-DNA sequence and phosphorothioate backbone modification may regulate the effects of CpG-DNA on CD11b release. Based on inhibitor studies, CD11b release is mediated by p38 MAP kinase activation, but not by the PI3K and NF-κB activation. CD11b release is mediated by lysosomal degradation and by vacuolar acidification in response to CpG-DNA stimulation. The amount of CD11b in the exosome precipitant was significantly increased by CpG-DNA stimulation in vivo and in vitro depending on TLR9. Our observations perhaps give more insight into understanding of the mechanisms involved in CpG-DNA-induced immunomodulation in the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Te Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Wu
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Ha
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) is presumed to serve as a molecular target to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colon cancer in a mouse model. Previously, we reported the efficacy of anti-cancer peptide vaccine targeting TM4SF5. In addition, we reported an anti-proliferative effect of anti-TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody in HCC. Here, we investigated expression of TM4SF5 in 45 primary colon cancer tissues. Almost all of the colon cancer tissues expressed TM4SF5 based on immunohistochemistry using anti-TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody. The treatment of human colon cancer cells with anti-TM4SF5 antibody reduced growth of TM4SF5 expressing cells and enhanced expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin. Using mouse colon cancer models, we then evaluated the in vivo anti-cancer effect of anti-TM4SF5 antibody. Injection of the antibody significantly reduced growth of tumors priorly established by subcutaneous injection of human colon cancer cells HT-29 in a xenograft setting. We obtained similar results with mouse colon cancer cell line CT-26 in an allograft setting. Therefore, we suggest that the TM4SF5-specific monoclonal antibody has a therapeutic effect against colon cancer.
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Ferrín G, Aguilar-Melero P, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Montero-Álvarez JL, de la Mata M. Biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic and therapeutic utility. Hepat Med 2015; 7:1-10. [PMID: 25926760 PMCID: PMC4403743 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s50161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the high prevalence and associated-mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), early diagnosis of the disease is vital for patient survival. In this regard, tumor size is one of the two main prognostic factors for surgical resection, which constitutes the only curative treatment for HCC along with liver transplantation. However, techniques for HCC surveillance and diagnosis that are currently used in clinical practice have certain limitations that may be inherent to the tumor development. Thus, it is important to continue efforts in the search for biomarkers that increase diagnostic accuracy for HCC. In this review, we focus on different biological sources of candidate biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. Although those biomarkers identified from biological samples obtained by noninvasive methods have greater diagnostic value, we have also considered those obtained from liver tissue because of their potential therapeutic value. To date, sorafenib is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved antineoplastic for HCC. However, this therapeutic agent shows very low tumor response rates and frequently causes acquired resistance in HCC patients. We discuss the use of HCC biomarkers as therapeutic targets themselves, or as targets to increase sensitivity to sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferrín
- Liver Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Melero
- Liver Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Liver Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Montero-Álvarez
- Liver Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Liver Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Lee Y, Lee YS, Cho SY, Kwon HJ. Perspective of Peptide Vaccine Composed of Epitope Peptide, CpG-DNA, and Liposome Complex Without Carriers. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 99:75-97. [PMID: 26067817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude and specificity of cell-mediated and humoral immunity are critically determined by peptide sequences; peptides corresponding to the B- or T-cell receptor epitopes are sufficient to induce an effective immune response if delivered properly. Therefore, studies on the screening and application of peptide-based epitopes have been done extensively for the development of therapeutic antibodies and prophylactic vaccines. However, the efficacy of immune response and antibody production by peptide-based immunization is too limited for human application at the present. To improve the efficacy of vaccines, researchers formulated adjuvants such as alum, water-in-oil emulsion, and Toll-like receptor agonists. They also employed liposomes as delivering vehicles to stimulate immune responses. Here, we review our recent studies providing a potent method of epitope screening and antibody production without conventional carriers. We adopted Lipoplex(O), comprising a natural phosphodiester bond CpG-DNA and a specific liposome complex, as an adjuvant. Lipoplex(O) induces potent stimulatory activity in humans as well as in mice, and immunization of mice with several peptides along with Lipoplex(O) without general carriers induces significant production of each peptide-specific IgG2a. Immunization of peptide vaccines against virus-associated antigens in mice has protective effects against the viral infection. A peptide vaccine against carcinoma-associated antigen and the peptide-specific monoclonal antibody has functional effects against cancer cells in mouse models. In conclusion, we improved the efficacy of peptide vaccines in mice. Our strategy can be applied in development of therapeutic antibodies or in defense against pandemic infectious diseases through rapid screening of potent B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science BK21, Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea; Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Anti-RSV F Protein (F9 Epitope) Antibody. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2015.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Anti-RSV F Protein (F7 Epitope) Antibody. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Kwon S, Kim YE, Park JA, Kim DS, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. Therapeutic effect of a TM4SF5-specific peptide vaccine against colon cancer in a mouse model. BMB Rep 2015; 47:215-20. [PMID: 24286311 PMCID: PMC4163885 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.4.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-targeted therapy has gained attention because of its high efficacy and weak side effects. Previously, we confirmed that transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) can serve as a molecular target to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently extended the application of the peptide vaccine, composed of CpG-DNA, liposome complex, and TM4SF5 peptide, to prevent colon cancer in a mouse model. Here, we first implanted mice with mouse colon cancer cells and then checked therapeutic effects of the vaccine against tumor growth. Immunization with the peptide vaccine resulted in robust production of TM4SF5-specific antibodies, alleviated tumor growth, and reduced survival rate of the tumor-bearing mice. We also found that serum levels of VEGF were markedly reduced in the mice immunized with the peptide vaccine. Therefore, we suggest that the TM4SF5-specific peptide vaccine has a therapeutic effect against colon cancer in a mouse model. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(4): 215-220]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Kim DH, Moon C, Oh SS, Park S, Jeong JW, Kim S, Lee HG, Kwon HJ, Kim KD. Liposome-encapsulated CpG enhances antitumor activity accompanying the changing of lymphocyte populations in tumor via intratumoral administration. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 25:95-102. [PMID: 25692533 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) are potent immune stimulators, the use of natural CpG-ODN--phosphodiester-backbone CpG--has been limited due to its instability by nuclease in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigate the anticancer efficiency of CpG-ODN capsulated using liposome, which enhances the stability of CpG-ODN. We formulated lipoplex, encapsulated natural CpG-ODN from Mycobacterium bovis with liposome, and tested its immune stimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. The lipoplex induced a systemic innate immune response in vivo and stimulated dendritic cells, but not macrophages, to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in vitro. As expected, the lipoplex effectively mediated the prolonged cancer-therapeutic activity against B16 melanoma, which was dependent on natural killer and CD8(+) T cells. The therapeutic activity was observed after only intratumoral administration of lipoplex among several treatment routes. Intratumoral treatment of lipoplex significantly increased the populations of natural killer and CD8(+) T cells and reduced regulatory CD4(+) T cell recruitment, which was correlated with expression profiles of chemokines (CCL1, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CCL22). The antitumor therapeutic effect of lipoplex was dependent on the altered lymphocyte population that might be developed by the profile of intratumoral chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeok Kim
- 1 Division of Applied Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea
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26
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Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Production of epitope-specific antibodies using peptide-CpG-ODN-liposome complex without carriers and their application as a cancer vaccine in mice. Oncoimmunology 2014; 1:1215-1217. [PMID: 23170285 PMCID: PMC3494651 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low efficacy of peptide vaccines limits their potential application. We developed a powerful strategy to produce epitope-specific antibodies using peptides. Immunization with novel formula into mice showed target-specific prophylactic and therapeutic effects against tumors. Our strategy will be useful for rapid eiptope screening, therapeutic antibody production and cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Natural Sciences; Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk; Republic of Korea
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27
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Effect of epitope-CpG-DNA-liposome complex without carriers on vaccination of respiratory syncytial virus infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-014-4215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Kim D, Lee JY, Song DG, Kwon S, Lee Y, Pan CH, Kwon HJ. A monoclonal antibody against the human SUMO-1 protein obtained by immunization with recombinant protein and CpG-DNA-liposome complex. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2014; 32:354-61. [PMID: 24111868 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2013.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification regulated by conjugation of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is involved in various cellular processes. In this study, we expressed and purified recombinant human SUMO-1 (hSUMO-1). BALB/c mice were immunized with a complex of hSUMO-1 protein and Lipoplex(O) to produce hSUMO-1-specific antibodies. Using conventional hybridoma technology, we obtained four hybridoma clones derived from the mouse with the highest antibody titer against hSUMO-1. Based on Western blot analysis, our hSUMO-1 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes hSUMO-1, but not other SUMO proteins. These results support that the anti-hSUMO-1 monoclonal antibody produced with the aid of Lipoplex(O) adjuvant is specific and that Lipoplex(O) is useful for development of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant protein. In addition, we analyzed human tissues to examine the distribution of hSUMO-1. Higher expression of hSUMO-1 was detected in normal adrenal gland, esophagus, pancreas, liver, stomach, kidney, and uterus than in corresponding cancer tissues, suggesting a tumor suppressive function of hSUMO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- 1 Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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29
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Kwon S, Choi KC, Kim YE, Ha YW, Kim D, Park BK, Wu G, Kim DS, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Monoclonal Antibody Targeting of the Cell Surface Molecule TM4SF5 Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3844-56. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Cruz LJ, Rueda F, Simón L, Cordobilla B, Albericio F, Domingo JC. Liposomes containing NY-ESO-1/tetanus toxoid and adjuvant peptides targeted to human dendritic cells via the Fc receptor for cancer vaccines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:435-49. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To improve the immunological response against tumors, a vaccine based on nanoliposomes targeted to the Fcγ-receptor was developed to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Materials & methods: Using human dendritic cells in vitro, a fragment of the TAA NY-ESO-1 combined with a T-helper peptide from the tetanus toxoid encapsulated in nanoliposomes was evaluated. In addition, peptides Palm-IL-1 and MAP-IFN-γwere coadministered as adjuvants to enhance the immunological response. Results: Coadministration of Palm-IL-1 or MAP-IFN-γpeptide adjuvants and the hybrid NY-ESO-1-tetanus toxoid (soluble or encapsulated in nanoliposomes without targeting) increased immunogenicity. However, the most potent immunological response was obtained when the peptide adjuvants were encapsulated in liposomes targeted to human dendritic cells via the Fc receptor. Conclusion: This targeted vaccine strategy is a promising tool to activate and deliver antigens to dendritic cells, thus improving immunotherapeutic response in situations in which the immune system is frequently compromised, as in advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Cruz
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Simón
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - Joan C Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Monoclonal Antibody Anti-hSUMO-1. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2013.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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32
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Kwon S, Kim YE, Kim D, Park BK, Wu G, Kim TH, Choi SH, Kim DS, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. Prophylactic effect of a peptide vaccine targeting TM4SF5 against colon cancer in a mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:134-9. [PMID: 23624388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) was implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colon cancer. Previously, we have shown that immunization with TM4SF5 peptide-CpG-DNA-liposome complex induces production of TM4SF5-specific antibodies and protects mice from HCC progression in an allograft model. Here, we confirmed expression of TM4SF5 in the mouse colon cancer cell line CT-26 and found that anti-TM4SF5 antibody inhibits growth of CT-26 cells. We then immunized mice with TM4SF5 peptide-CpG-DNA-liposome complex and transplanted CT-26 cells to investigate the vaccination effects. Robust production of TM4SF5-specific antibodies was induced by challenge with CT-26 cells and the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the immunized mice. The peptide vaccine targeting TM4SF5 consequently showed a prophylactic effect against colon cancer development in a mouse model. These results suggest that the peptide vaccine can be potentially applied in humans to treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 200 702, Republic of Korea
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33
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Kwon S, Kim D, Park BK, Wu G, Park MC, Ha YW, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. Induction of immunological memory response by vaccination with TM4SF5 epitope-CpG-DNA-liposome complex in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:735-40. [PMID: 23138455 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The innovation of a peptide vaccine strategy may contribute to the development of efficacious and convenient cancer vaccines. Recently, we formulated an efficacious peptide vaccine without carriers using the natural phosphodiester bond CpG-DNA and a special liposome complex [Lipoplex(O)]. The peptide vaccine targeting a tumor antigen, transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5), was confirmed to have preventive and therapeutic effects in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. In this study, we demonstrated that the isotype-switched (IgM(-)IgD(-)) B cell population increased after immunization and that the functional memory response persisted for at least 70 days after the final immunization of mice. Delayed implantation of BNL-HCC cells significantly induced the peptide-specific IgG2a production in the immunized mice. Accordingly, tumor growth was inhibited and the survival rate increased. These results suggest that our peptide vaccine induces memory response, which is essential for cancer vaccine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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34
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Immunization with a hemagglutinin-derived synthetic peptide formulated with a CpG-DNA-liposome complex induced protection against lethal influenza virus infection in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48750. [PMID: 23144954 PMCID: PMC3492448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-virus vaccines, including inactivated or live-attenuated influenza vaccines, have been conventionally developed and supported as a prophylaxis. These currently available virus-based influenza vaccines are widely used in the clinic, but the vaccine production takes a long time and a huge number of embryonated chicken eggs. To overcome the imperfection of egg-based influenza vaccines, epitope-based peptide vaccines have been studied as an alternative approach. Here, we formulated an efficacious peptide vaccine without carriers using phosphodiester CpG-DNA and a special liposome complex. Potential epitope peptides predicted from the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the H5N1 A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 strain (NCBI database, AAW80717) were used to immunize mice along with phosphodiester CpG-DNA co-encapsulated in a phosphatidyl-β-oleoyl-γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE):cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS) complex (Lipoplex(O)) without carriers. We identified a B cell epitope peptide (hH5N1 HA233 epitope, 14 amino acids) that can potently induce epitope-specific antibodies. Furthermore, immunization with a complex of the B cell epitope and Lipoplex(O) completely protects mice challenged with a lethal dose of recombinant H5N1 virus. These results suggest that our improved peptide vaccine technology can be promptly applied to vaccine development against pandemic influenza. Furthermore our results suggest that potent epitopes, which cannot be easily found using proteins or a virus as an antigen, can be screened when we use a complex of peptide epitopes and Lipoplex(O).
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35
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Patel A, Kobinger GP. Evaluation of mismatched immunity against influenza viruses. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior immunity against influenza A viruses generates sterilizing immunity against matched (homologous) viruses and varying levels of protection against mismatched (heterologous) viruses of the same or different subtypes. Natural immunity carries the risk of high morbidity and mortality, therefore immunization offers the best preventative measure. Antibody responses against the viral hemagglutinin protein correlate with protection in humans and evidence increasingly supports a role for robust cellular immune responses. By exploiting mismatched immunity, current conventional and experimental vaccine candidates can improve the generation of cross-protective immune responses against heterologous viruses. Experimental vaccines such as virus-like particles, DNA vectors, viral vectors and broadly neutralizing antibodies are able to expand cross-protection through mismatched B- and T-cell responses. However, the generation of mismatched immune responses can also have the opposite effect and impair protective immunity. This review discusses mismatched immunity in the context of natural infection and immunization. Additionally, we discuss strategies to exploit mismatched immunity in order to improve current conventional and experimental influenza A virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute of Gene Therapy (hSR-TIGET), Milan, Italy Division of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy, 20132
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Special Pathogens Programme, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Science Centre for Human & Animal Health, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3R2
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36
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Overview and outlook of Toll-like receptor ligand–antigen conjugate vaccines. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:749-60. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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37
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Kim D, Kwon S, Ahn CS, Lee Y, Choi SY, Park J, Kwon HY, Kwon HJ. Adjuvant effect of liposome-encapsulated natural phosphodiester CpG-DNA. BMB Rep 2012; 44:758-63. [PMID: 22118544 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.11.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory CpG-DNA targeting TLR9 is one of the most extensively evaluated vaccine adjuvants. Previously, we found that a particular form of natural phosphodiester bond CpG-DNA (PO-ODN) encapsulated in a phosphatidyl-Β-oleoyl- γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE) : cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS) (1 : 1 ratio) complex (Lipoplex(O)) is a potent adjuvant. Complexes containing peptide and Lipoplex(O) are extremely useful for B cell epitope screening and antibody production without carriers. Here, we showed that IL-12 production was increased in bone marrow derived dendritic cells in a CpG sequence-dependent manner when PO-ODN was encapsulated in Lipoplex(O), DOTAP or lipofectamine. However, the effects of Lipoplex(O) surpassed those of PO-ODN encapsulated in DOTAP or lipofectamine and also other various forms of liposome-encapsulated CpG-DNA in terms of potency for protein antigen-specific IgG production and Th1- associated IgG2a production. Therefore, Lipoplex(O) may have a unique potent immunoadjuvant activity which can be useful for various applications involving protein antigens as well as peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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38
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Kwon S, Kim D, Park BK, Cho S, Kim KD, Kim YE, Park CS, Ahn HJ, Seo JN, Choi KC, Kim DS, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Prevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma by vaccination with TM4SF5 epitope-CpG-DNA-liposome complex without carriers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33121. [PMID: 22427965 PMCID: PMC3299740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although peptide vaccines have been actively studied in various animal models, their efficacy in treatment is limited. To improve the efficacy of peptide vaccines, we previously formulated an efficacious peptide vaccine without carriers using the natural phosphodiester bond CpG-DNA and a special liposome complex (Lipoplex(O)). Here, we show that immunization of mice with a complex consisting of peptide and Lipoplex(O) without carriers significantly induces peptide-specific IgG2a production in a CD4+ cells- and Th1 differentiation-dependent manner. The transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) has gained attention as a target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy because it induces uncontrolled growth of human HCC cells via the loss of contact inhibition. Monoclonal antibodies specific to an epitope of human TM4SF5 (hTM4SF5R2-3) can recognize native mouse TM4SF5 and induce functional effects on mouse cancer cells. Pre-immunization with a complex of the hTM4SF5R2-3 epitope and Lipoplex(O) had prophylactic effects against tumor formation by HCC cells implanted in an mouse tumor model. Furthermore, therapeutic effects were revealed regarding the growth of HCC when the vaccine was injected into mice after tumor formation. These results suggest that our improved peptide vaccine technology provides a novel prophylaxis measure as well as therapy for HCC patients with TM4SF5-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheung-Seog Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Nam Seo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chan Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YL); (HJK)
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YL); (HJK)
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Kim D, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. Activation of Toll-like receptor 9 and production of epitope specific antibody by liposome-encapsulated CpG-DNA. BMB Rep 2012; 44:607-12. [PMID: 21944255 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.9.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigators have shown that CpG-DNA has outstanding effects as a Th1-responsive adjuvant and that its potent adjuvant effects are enhanced by encapsulation with a liposome of proper composition. In this study, we showed that encapsulation with phosphatidyl-Β-oleoyl-γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE): cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS) complex enhances the immunostimulatory activity of CpG DNA and the binding of CpG-DNA to TLR9. We also examined involvement of myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88) and NF-κB activation in liposome-encapsulated CpG-DNA-induced IL-8 promoter activation. In this manuscript, the natural phosphodiester bond CpG-DNA encapsulated by DOPE : CHEMS complex is designated as Lipoplex(O). Importantly, we successfully screened B cell epitopes of envelope protein (E protein) of hepatitis C virus (HCV-E) and attachment glycoprotein G of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV-G) by immunization with complexes of several peptides and Lipoplex(O) without carriers. Therefore, Lipoplex(O) is potentially applicable as a universal adjuvant for peptide-based epitope screening and antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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