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Qiu J, Shi Y, Zhao F, Xu Y, Xu H, Dai Y, Cao Y. The Pan-Genomic Analysis of Corynebacterium striatum Revealed its Genetic Characteristics as an Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen. Evol Bioinform Online 2023; 19:11769343231191481. [PMID: 37576785 PMCID: PMC10422898 DOI: 10.1177/11769343231191481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is a Gram-positive bacterium that is straight or slightly curved and non-spore-forming. Although it was originally believed to be a part of the normal microbiome of human skin, a growing number of studies have identified it as a cause of various chronic diseases, bacteremia, and respiratory infections. However, despite its increasing importance as a pathogen, the genetic characteristics of the pathogen population, such as genomic characteristics and differences, the types of resistance genes and virulence factors carried by the pathogen and their distribution in the population are poorly understood. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a pan-genomic analysis of 314 strains of C. striatum isolated from various tissues and geographic locations. Our analysis revealed that C. striatum has an open pan-genome, comprising 5692 gene families, including 1845 core gene families, 2362 accessory gene families, and 1485 unique gene families. We also found that C. striatum exhibits a high degree of diversity across different sources, but strains isolated from skin tissue are more conserved. Furthermore, we identified 53 drug resistance genes and 42 virulence factors by comparing the strains to the drug resistance gene database (CARD) and the pathogen virulence factor database (VFDB), respectively. We found that these genes and factors are widely distributed among C. striatum, with 77.7% of strains carrying 2 or more resistance genes and displaying primary resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, lincomycin, macrolides, and streptomycin. The virulence factors are primarily associated with pathogen survival within the host, iron uptake, pili, and early biofilm formation. In summary, our study provides insights into the population diversity, resistance genes, and virulence factors ofC. striatum from different sources. Our findings could inform future research and clinical practices in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of C. striatum-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Qiu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulan Shi
- Wound Treatment Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Wound Treatment Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mangutov EO, Alieva AA, Kharseeva GG, Voronina NA, Alekseeva LP, Evdokimova VV, Yakusheva OA, Popivnenko MD. Corynebacterium spp.: relationship of pathogenic properties and antimicrobial resistance. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:519-524. [PMID: 36099461 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-9-519-524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium spp. are part of the human microbiome, but can cause the development of inflammatory diseases of various localization. Purpose - to evaluate the relationship between pathogenic properties and resistance to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) of Corynebacterium spp. from patients with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Strains of Corynebacterium spp. isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract (99 pcs.) and practically healthy individuals (33 pcs.). Isolates were identified by mass spectrometric method (MALDI-ToFMS), their adhesive and invasive activity on Hep-2 cells, cytopathic effect (CPE) in CHO-K1 cell culture, and resistance to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) were determined. Indicators of adhesion (3.65±0.679(CFU±m)x102/ml), invasion (1.72±0.230 (CFU±m)x102/ml), cytotoxicity (69.1±3.8% of dead CHO-K1 cells ) Corynebasterium spp. strains isolated from patients are higher (p≤0.05) than similar indicators in practically healthy people. 90.9% of isolates from patients had resistance to AMD, in most cases (57.6±4.9%) resistance to only one AMP was noted, less often to two (25.2±4.3%), three or more (8.08±2.7%). According to the results of correlation-regression analysis, pathogenic properties (adhesiveness, invasiveness, cytotoxicity) of Corynebacterium spp. strains isolated from patients are in close direct relationship with resistance to AMD. This indicates the importance of identifying strains of non-diphtheria corynebacteria resistant to AMDs, which, under the influence of developing resistance to AMDs, can increase their pathogenic potential, moving from commensalism to parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Mangutov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A A Alieva
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - Galina Georgievna Kharseeva
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - N A Voronina
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | | | | | - M D Popivnenko
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
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Ott L, Möller J, Burkovski A. Interactions between the Re-Emerging Pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Host Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063298. [PMID: 35328715 PMCID: PMC8952647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the etiological agent of diphtheria, is a re-emerging pathogen, responsible for several thousand deaths per year. In addition to diphtheria, systemic infections, often by non-toxigenic strains, are increasingly observed. This indicates that besides the well-studied and highly potent diphtheria toxin, various other virulence factors may influence the progression of the infection. This review focuses on the known components of C. diphtheriae responsible for adhesion, invasion, inflammation, and cell death, as well as on the cellular signaling pathways activated upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Jens Möller
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-852-8086
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4
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Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Diphtheria Laboratory Examination: A Field Need. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Indonesia is one of the five countries with the highest number of diphtheria cases worldwide. Diphtheria is caused by the toxigenic strains Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, and C. pseudotuberculosis. The diphtheria-causing bacteria can be identified using conventional and molecular methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. We used the PCR assay as additional testing, because in island countries like Indonesia, specimen transport is a serious challenge to maintaining bacterial survival. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the PCR assay as additional testing to identify diphtheria-causing bacteria in the diphtheria laboratory. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 178 pairs of the throat and nasal swabs from diphtheria suspected cases and close contacts were collected from seven provinces in Indonesia in 2016. All samples were directly identified by the conventional method and multiplex PCR assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using the 2 × 2 tables to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both methods, while the χ2 test was used to examine the correlation between specimen examination delay and the differentiation of results. A P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 178 examined samples, eight samples were identified as diphtheria-positive by both the conventional method and PCR assay, while nine samples were only detected by the PCR assay. All diphtheria-causing bacteria found in the positive samples were toxigenic C. diphtheriae. The diphtheria-causing bacteria were found in 27.6% of cases and 6.0% of close contacts using the PCR assay versus 13.8% of cases and 2.7% of close contacts using the conventional method. Statistical analysis showed that the PCR assay is about twice more sensitive than the conventional method. There was a significant correlation between the differentiation of results and > 72 hours’ specimen examination delay with a P-value of 0.04 (< 0.05). Conclusions: The PCR assay is more sensitive than the conventional method to identify diphtheria-causing bacteria and may be applied as additional testing to increase the positivity rate of diphtheria-confirmed cases in Indonesia as an archipelago country where geographical factors and specimen transport are real obstacles.
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Phylogenomic Characterization of a Novel Corynebacterium Species Associated with Fatal Diphtheritic Stomatitis in Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguins. mSystems 2021; 6:e0032021. [PMID: 34100641 PMCID: PMC8269222 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00320-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow-eyed penguins, Megadyptes antipodes, are an endangered species that are endemic to New Zealand. Outbreaks of diphtheritic stomatitis have caused significant mortality for this species, especially among young chicks. In this study, we isolated 16 Corynebacterium sp. isolates from the oral cavities of 2- to 14-day-old chicks at a range of infection stages and sequenced the genomes to understand their virulence mechanisms. Phylogenomic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) characterization indicate that these strains belong to a novel Corynebacterium species. A simple multiplex PCR-based diagnostic assay has been developed to identify these strains rapidly and reliably. Similar to other corynebacteria, genomic islands and prophages introduced significant diversity among these strains that has potentially led to minor functional variations between the two lineages. Despite the presence of multiple corynebacterial virulence genes and a spaDEF-type pilus gene cluster among these strains, the survival rate was much higher in Galleria mellonella larvae than in those inoculated with Corynebacterium ulcerans NZRM 818 and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis NZRM 3004. Therefore, these strains are opportunistic pathogens causing high mortality among young penguin chicks due to a less-developed immune system. IMPORTANCE Yellow-eyed penguins, Megadyptes antipodes, are endangered species with a sharp decline in the numbers of breeding pairs over the last 2 decades. Diphtheritic stomatitis, characterized by a thick fibrinopurulent exudate in the oral cavities and symptoms, including inanition and significant weight loss, is responsible for significant mortality among the young chicks. These chicks are treated with antibiotics, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or enrofloxacin, but do not always recover from the infection. The pathogen causing these infections and the mechanism of pathogenesis are unclear. This study has identified a novel Corynebacterium species to be associated with diphtheritic stomatitis in yellow-eyed penguins with potential virulence genes that are likely involved in pathogenesis. Importantly, a gene encoding an exotoxin, phospholipase D, is present among these strains. The inactivated form of this enzyme could potentially be used as an effective vaccine to protect these penguins from infection.
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6
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Virulence of clinically relevant multidrug resistant Corynebacterium striatum strains and their ability to adhere to human epithelial cells and inert surfaces. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104887. [PMID: 33894290 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is a nosocomial pathogen which is increasingly associated with serious infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. However, little is known about virulence factors and mechanisms that may enhance the establishment and long-term survival of Corynebacterium striatum. in the hospital environment. In this study, we investigated the ability of 22 multidrug-resistant C. striatum clinical isolates to adhere to human epithelial cells and to produce biofilm on polystyrene plates, glass and various tracheostomy tubes. We also tested the virulence of these strains on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. They showed good adhesion to epithelial human cells after 180 min of infection. The 22 C. striatum were able to produce biofilms on positively and negatively charged abiotic surfaces at 37 °C. They were also able to infect and to kill Caenorhabditis elegans after 5 days of infection. The virulence condition was associated with the presence of SpaDEF operon encoding pili in all strains. This study provides new insights on virulence mechanisms that may contribute to the persistence of C. striatum in the hospital environment, increasing the probability of causing nosocomial infections.
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Möller J, Busch A, Berens C, Hotzel H, Burkovski A. Newly Isolated Animal Pathogen Corynebacterium silvaticum Is Cytotoxic to Human Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073549. [PMID: 33805570 PMCID: PMC8037504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium silvaticum is a newly identified animal pathogen of forest animals such as roe deer and wild boars. The species is closely related to the emerging human pathogen Corynebacterium ulcerans and the widely distributed animal pathogen Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. In this study, Corynebacterium silvaticum strain W25 was characterized with respect to its interaction with human cell lines. Microscopy, measurement of transepithelial electric resistance and cytotoxicity assays revealed detrimental effects of C. silvaticum to different human epithelial cell lines and to an invertebrate animal model, Galleria mellonella larvae, comparable to diphtheria toxin-secreting C. ulcerans. Furthermore, the results obtained may indicate a considerable zoonotic potential of this newly identified species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Möller
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Anne Busch
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.B.); (H.H.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Berens
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 007743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-852-8086
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8
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Sunarno, Khariri, Muna F, Sariadji K, Rukminiati Y, Febriyana D, Febrianti T, Saraswati RD, Susanti I, Puspandari N, Karuniawati A, Malik A, Soebandrio A. New approach for the identification of potentially toxigenic Corynebacterium sp. using a multiplex PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 184:106198. [PMID: 33713727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In diphtheria laboratory examinations, the PCR test can be applied to isolates and clinical specimens. This study aimed to develop a PCR assay to identify the species and toxigenicity of diphtheria-causing bacteria, including the prediction of some NTTB types. Seven reference isolates, four synthetic DNA samples, 36 stored isolates, and 487 clinical samples used for PCR optimization. The PCR results was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The results of the PCR examination of the 7 reference isolates and 36 stored isolates were similar to the results obtained using conventional methods as gold standard, both for diphtheria-causing and non-diphtheria-causing bacteria. The validation of the PCR results using DNA sequence analysis showed that there was no mispriming or misamplification. The multiplex PCR assay developed in this study could correctly identify the species and toxigenicity of diphtheria-causing bacteria, including the prediction of some NTTB types not yet covered by established PCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunarno
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Khariri
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fauzul Muna
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kambang Sariadji
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuni Rukminiati
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Febriyana
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tati Febrianti
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Dian Saraswati
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ida Susanti
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Puspandari
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Amarila Malik
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Amin Soebandrio
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
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9
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Xiaoli L, Benoliel E, Peng Y, Aneke J, Cassiday PK, Kay M, McKeirnan S, Duchin JS, Kawakami V, Lindquist S, Acosta AM, DeBolt C, Tondella ML, Weigand MR. Genomic epidemiology of nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae from King County, Washington State, USA between July 2018 and May 2019. Microb Genom 2020; 6. [PMID: 33275088 PMCID: PMC8116682 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Between July 2018 and May 2019, Corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated from eight patients with non-respiratory infections, seven of whom experienced homelessness and had stayed at shelters in King County, WA, USA. All isolates were microbiologically identified as nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae biovar mitis. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that all case isolates were genetically related, associated with sequence type 445 and differing by fewer than 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Compared to publicly available C. diphtheriae genomic data, these WA isolates formed a discrete cluster with SNP variation consistent with previously reported outbreaks. Virulence-related gene content variation within the highly related WA cluster isolates was also observed. These results indicated that genome characterization can readily support epidemiology of nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanhui Peng
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Pamela K Cassiday
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meagan Kay
- Public Health Seattle and King County, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna M Acosta
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chas DeBolt
- Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, WA, USA
| | - Maria Lucia Tondella
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Weigand
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Phylogenomic characterisation of a novel corynebacterial species pathogenic to animals. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1225-1239. [PMID: 32500295 PMCID: PMC7334274 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Corynebacterium includes species of biotechnological, medical and veterinary importance. An atypical C. ulcerans strain, W25, was recently isolated from a case of necrotizing lymphadenitis in a wild boar. In this study, we have analysed the genome sequence of this strain and compared the phenotypic and virulence properties with other corynebacterial pathogens. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that strain W25 belongs to a novel species along with PO100/5 and KL1196. The latter strains were isolated from a pig and a roe deer, respectively; hence, this species appears to be associated to animals. The isolate W25 is likely a non-toxigenic tox gene bearing strain and may have compromised abilities to adhere to pharyngeal and laryngeal epithelial cells due to potential loss of the gene functions in spaBC and spaDEF pilus gene clusters. A number of corynebacterial virulence genes are present including pld encoding phospholipase D. Therefore, this strain may be able to cause severe invasive infections in animals and zoonotic infections in humans.
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11
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Weerasekera D, Möller J, Kraner ME, Azevedo Antunes C, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Beyond diphtheria toxin: cytotoxic proteins of Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2019; 165:876-890. [PMID: 31162026 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diphtheria toxin is one of the best investigated bacterial toxins and the major virulence factor of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans strains. However, also diphtheria toxin-free strains of these two species can cause severe infections in animals and humans, indicating the presence of additional virulence factors. In this study, we present a first characterization of two proteins with cytotoxic effect in corynebacteria. A putative ribosome-binding protein (AEG80717, CULC809_00177), first annotated in a genome sequencing project of C. ulcerans strain 809, was investigated in detail together with a homologous protein identified in C. diphtheriae strain HC04 (AEX80148, CDHC04_0155) in this study. The corresponding proteins show striking structural similarity to Shiga-like toxins. Interaction of wild-type, mutant and complementation as well as overexpression strains with invertebrate model systems and cell lines were investigated. Depending on the presence of the corresponding genes, detrimental effects were observed in vivo in two invertebrate model systems, Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella, and on various animal and human epithelial and macrophage cell lines in vitro. Taken together, our results support the idea that pathogenicity of corynebacteria is a multifactorial process and that new virulence factors may influence the outcome of potentially fatal corynebacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulanthi Weerasekera
- > Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Möller
- > Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Edmund Kraner
- Biochemistry Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- > Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- > Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Meštrović T, Wilson J, Ljubin-Sternak S, Sviben M, Bedenić B, Barać A, Neuberg M, Drenjančević D, Ribić R, Kozina G. A 'pathogenic needle' in a 'commensal haystack': Genetic virulence signatures of Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum that may drive its infectious propensity for the male urogenital system. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:38-41. [PMID: 31010496 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The predominance of the genus Corynebacterium in the healthy male urogenital system contributes to the resident microbiome of not only the distal urethra, but potentially the proximal urethra and urinary bladder as well. However, for certain species in this genus, pathogenic potential was described, and the salient representative is Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum (C. glucuronolyticum) implicated in cases of urethritis and prostatitis in men. Nonetheless, some still question whether C. glucuronolyticum can actually be considered pathogenic or rather just a commensal species fortuitously isolated in patients with urogenital symptoms and/or syndromes. Although pathogen/commensal dichotomy is not always clear-cut, we hypothesize that specific genetic markers may expose C. glucuronolyticum as a convincingly pathogenic Corynebacterium. More specifically, characteristic pathogenic gene constellation inherent to this species (most notably the presence of specific sortase/SpaA-type pili gene clusters, but also the augmentative role of type VII secretion system) may significantly facilitate host tissue adhesion, with subsequent suppression/evasion of the immune response and acquisition of vitally important nutrients. Consequently, these genetic markers differentiate C. glucuronolyticum from its commensal counterparts, and give this species a pathogenic facet, which can be even further influenced by the Allee effect. In this paper we also propose a specific methodological approach on how to analyze C. glucuronolyticum epithelial colonization capacity and explore inceptive host cell-pathogen interactions that manipulate host environment and immune responses. This entails moving from approaches based primarily on overall homology of primary sequences towards specific structure-function studies to precisely evaluate all stakeholders involved in pili assemblage, cell adhesion and the expression of other virulence traits. In the era of high precision medicine, the hypothesized roles of C. glucuronolyticum adhesion systems in both virulence and nutrient acquisition may also reveal promising targets for future drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Meštrović
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic "Dr. Zora Profozić", Zagreb, Croatia; University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia.
| | - Jonas Wilson
- Sint Maarten Medical Center, Cay Hill, Sint Maarten (Dutch Part)
| | - Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Clinical Microbiology Department, Teaching Institute of Public Health "Dr Andrija Štampar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Sviben
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Microbiology Service, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Bedenić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Barać
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Domagoj Drenjančević
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Rosana Ribić
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Goran Kozina
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
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13
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Timms VJ, Nguyen T, Crighton T, Yuen M, Sintchenko V. Genome-wide comparison of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from Australia identifies differences in the Pan-genomes between respiratory and cutaneous strains. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:869. [PMID: 30509172 PMCID: PMC6278121 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the main etiological agent of diphtheria, a global disease causing life-threatening infections, particularly in infants and children. Vaccination with diphtheria toxoid protects against infection with potent toxin producing strains. However a growing number of apparently non-toxigenic but potentially invasive C. diphtheriae strains are identified in countries with low prevalence of diphtheria, raising key questions about genomic structures and population dynamics of the species. This study examined genomic diversity among 48 C. diphtheriae isolates collected in Australia over a 12-year period using whole genome sequencing. Phylogeny was determined using SNP-based mapping and genome wide analysis. Results C. diphtheriae sequence type (ST) 32, a non-toxigenic clone with evidence of enhanced virulence that has been also circulating in Europe, appears to be endemic in Australia. Isolates from temporospatially related patients displayed the same ST and similarity in their core genomes. The genome-wide analysis highlighted a role of pilins, adhesion factors and iron utilization in infections caused by non-toxigenic strains. Conclusions The genomic diversity of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae in Australia suggests multiple sources of infection and colonisation. Genomic surveillance of co-circulating toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae offer new insights into the evolution and virulence of pathogenic clones and can inform targeted public health actions and policy. The genomes presented in this investigation will contribute to the global surveillance of C. diphtheriae both for the monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes and virulent strains such as those belonging to ST32. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5147-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verlaine J Timms
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, PO Box 533, Wentworthville, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Sydney, Australia
| | - Taryn Crighton
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marion Yuen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, PO Box 533, Wentworthville, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Sydney, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Weerasekera D, Stengel F, Sticht H, de Mattos Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A, Azevedo Antunes C. The C-terminal coiled-coil domain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:106. [PMID: 30180805 PMCID: PMC6123952 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the etiologic agent of diphtheria and different systemic infections. The bacterium has been classically described as an extracellular pathogen. However, a number of studies revealed its ability to invade epithelial cells, indicating a more complex pathogen-host interaction. The molecular mechanisms controlling and facilitating internalization of C. diphtheriae still remains unclear. Recently, the DIP0733 transmembrane protein was found to play an important role in the interaction with matrix proteins and cell surfaces, nematode colonization, cellular internalization and induction of cell death. Results In this study, we identified a number of short linear motifs and structural elements of DIP0733 with putative importance in virulence, using bioinformatic approaches. A C-terminal coiled-coil region of the protein was considered particularly important, since it was found only in DIP0733 homologs in pathogenic Corynebacterium species but not in non-pathogenic corynebacteria. Infections of epithelial cells and transepithelial resistance assays revealed that bacteria expressing the truncated form of C. diphtheriae DIP0733 and C. glutamicum DIP0733 homolog are less virulent, while the fusion of the coiled-coil sequence to the DIP0733 homolog from C. glutamicum resulted in increased pathogenicity. These results were supported by nematode killing assays and experiments using wax moth larvae as invertebrate model systems. Conclusions Our data indicate that the coil-coiled domain of DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Stengel
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza de Mattos Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Genomic analyses reveal two distinct lineages of Corynebacterium ulcerans strains. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 25:7-13. [PMID: 29997890 PMCID: PMC6038270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium ulcerans is an important zoonotic pathogen which is causing diphtheria-like disease in humans globally. In this study, the genomes of three recently isolated C. ulcerans strains, 4940, 2590 and BR-AD 2649, respectively from an asymptomatic carrier, a patient with pharyngitis and a canine host, were sequenced to investigate their virulence potential. A comparative analysis was performed including the published genome sequences of 16 other C. ulcerans isolates. C. ulcerans strains belong to two lineages; 13 strains are grouped together in lineage 1, and six strains comprise lineage 2. Consistent with the zoonotic nature of C. ulcerans infections, isolates from both the human and canine hosts clustered in both the lineages. Most of the strains possessed spaDEF and spaBC gene clusters along with the virulence genes cpp, pld, cwlH, nanH, rpfI, tspA and vsp1. The gene encoding Shiga-like toxin was only present in one strain, and 11 strains carried the tox gene encoding the diphtheria-like toxin. However, none of strains 4940, 2590 and BR-AD 2649 carried any toxin genes. These strains varied in the number of prophages in their genomes, which suggests that they play an important role in introducing diversity in C. ulcerans. The pan-genomic analyses revealed a variation in the number of membrane-associated and secreted proteins that may contribute to the variation in pathogenicity among different strains.
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16
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Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans share one distinctive feature: they are all putative carriers of the diphtheria toxin (DT), encoded by a β-corynephage integrated into the genome. Due to its medical relevance, C. diphtheriae may be the most highly investigated species of the genus Corynebacterium. Nevertheless, systemic infections caused by C. ulcerans are increasingly being reported indicating that this species is an emerging pathogen today. C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis and C. ulcerans are able to colonize different types of epithelial cells in a strain-specific manner, independent of the presence of the tox gene. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to host colonization are barely understood. This review gives a comprehensive update of recent data concerning the adhesion properties of toxigenic corynebacteria, demonstrating that adhesion is a multi-factorial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Professur für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae macrophage interaction: Dispensability of corynomycolic acids for inhibition of phagolysosome maturation and identification of a new gene involved in synthesis of the corynomycolic acid layer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180105. [PMID: 28686600 PMCID: PMC5501465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, a toxin mediated disease of upper respiratory tract, which can be fatal. As a member of the CMNR group, C. diphtheriae is closely related to members of the genera Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus. Almost all members of these genera comprise an outer membrane layer of mycolic acids, which is assumed to influence host-pathogen interactions. In this study, three different C. diphtheriae strains were investigated in respect to their interaction with phagocytic murine and human cells and the invertebrate infection model Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results indicate that C. diphtheriae is able to delay phagolysosome maturation after internalization in murine and human cell lines. This effect is independent of the presence of mycolic acids, as one of the strains lacked corynomycolates. In addition, analyses of NF-κB induction revealed a mycolate-independent mechanism and hint to detrimental effects of the different strains tested on the phagocytic cells. Bioinformatics analyses carried out to elucidate the reason for the lack of mycolates in one of the strains led to the identification of a new gene involved in mycomembrane formation in C. diphtheriae.
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18
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Peixoto RS, Antunes CA, Lourêdo LS, Viana VG, Santos CSD, Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva J, Hirata R, Hacker E, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Functional characterization of the collagen-binding protein DIP2093 and its influence on host-pathogen interaction and arthritogenic potential of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:692-701. [PMID: 28535857 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as the a etiological agent of diphtheria, a toxaemic infection of the respiratory tract; however, both non-toxigenic and toxigenic strains are increasingly isolated from cases of invasive infections. The molecular mechanisms responsible for bacterial colonization and dissemination to host tissues remain only partially understood. In this report, we investigated the role of DIP2093, described as a putative adhesin of the serine-aspartate repeat (Sdr) protein family in host-pathogen interactions of C. diphtheriae wild-type strain NCTC13129. Compared to the parental strain, a DIP2093 mutant RN generated in this study was attenuated in its ability to bind to type I collagen, to adhere to and invade epithelial cells, as well as to survive within macrophages. Furthermore, DIP2093 mutant strain RN had a less detrimental impact on the viability of Caenorhabditis elegans as well as in the clinical severity of arthritis in mice. In conclusion, DIP2093 functions as a microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, and may be included among the factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of C. diphtheriae strains, independently of toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liliane Simpson Lourêdo
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanilda Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva
- Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute - iBRAG - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Peixoto RS, Hacker E, Antunes CA, Weerasekera D, Dias AA, Martins CA, Hirata R, Santos KRND, Burkovski A, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Pathogenic properties of a Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain isolated from a case of osteomyelitis. J Med Microbiol 2017; 65:1311-1321. [PMID: 27902402 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). However, different strains of Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae can also cause invasive infections. In this study, the characterization of a non-toxigenic Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae strain (designated BR-INCA5015) isolated from osteomyelitis in the frontal bone of a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma was performed. Pathogenic properties of the strain BR-INCA5015 were tested in a Caenorhabditis elegans survival assay showing strong colonization and killing by this strain. Survival rates of 3.8±2.7 %, 33.6±7.3 % and 0 % were observed for strains ATCC 27010T, ATCC 27012 and BR-INCA5015, respectively, at day 7. BR-INCA5015 was able to colonize epithelial cells, showing elevated capacity to adhere to and survive within HeLa cells compared to other Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae isolates. Intracellular survival in macrophages (THP-1 and RAW 264.7) was significantly higher compared to control strains ATCC 27010T (non-toxigenic) and ATCC 27012 (toxigenic). Furthermore, the ability of BR-INCA5015 to induce osteomyelitis was confirmed by in vivo assay using Swiss Webster mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A A Dias
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Martins
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute - Ministry of Health, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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20
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Sangal V, Hoskisson PA. Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: New perspectives on an old foe. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:364-70. [PMID: 27291708 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diphtheria is a debilitating disease caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains and has been effectively controlled by the toxoid vaccine, yet several recent outbreaks have been reported across the globe. Moreover, non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains are emerging as a major global health concern by causing severe pharyngitis and tonsillitis, endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Molecular epidemiological investigations suggest the existence of outbreak-associated clones with multiple genotypes circulating around the world. Evolution and pathogenesis appears to be driven by recombination as major virulence factors, including the tox gene and pilus gene clusters, are found within genomic islands that appear to be mobile between strains. The number of pilus gene clusters and variation introduced by gain or loss of gene function correlate with the variable adhesive and invasive properties of C. diphtheriae strains. Genomic variation does not support the separation of C. diphtheriae strains into biovars which correlates well with findings of studies based on multilocus sequence typing. Genomic analyses of a relatively small number of strains also revealed a recombination driven diversification of strains within a sequence type and indicate a wider diversity among C. diphtheriae strains than previously appreciated. This suggests that there is a need for increased effort from the scientific community to study C. diphtheriae to help understand the genomic diversity and pathogenicity within the population of this important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartul Sangal
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Paul A Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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21
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Antunes CA, Clark L, Wanuske MT, Hacker E, Ott L, Simpson-Louredo L, de Luna MDG, Hirata R, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Hodgkin J, Burkovski A. Caenorhabditis elegans star formation and negative chemotaxis induced by infection with corynebacteria. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 162:84-93. [PMID: 26490043 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the major model systems in biology based on advantageous properties such as short life span, transparency, genetic tractability and ease of culture using an Escherichia coli diet. In its natural habitat, compost and rotting plant material, this nematode lives on bacteria. However, C. elegans is a predator of bacteria, but can also be infected by nematopathogenic coryneform bacteria such Microbacterium and Leucobacter species, which display intriguing and diverse modes of pathogenicity. Depending on the nematode pathogen, aggregates of worms, termed worm-stars, can be formed, or severe rectal swelling, so-called Dar formation, can be induced. Using the human and animal pathogens Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans as well as the non-pathogenic species Corynebacterium glutamicum, we show that these coryneform bacteria can also induce star formation slowly in worms, as well as a severe tail-swelling phenotype. While C. glutamicum had a significant, but minor influence on survival of C. elegans, nematodes were killed after infection with C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans. The two pathogenic species were avoided by the nematodes and induced aversive learning in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Laura Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Elena Hacker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liliane Simpson-Louredo
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Hirata
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andreas Burkovski
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Sangal V, Blom J, Sutcliffe IC, von Hunolstein C, Burkovski A, Hoskisson PA. Adherence and invasive properties of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains correlates with the predicted membrane-associated and secreted proteome. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:765. [PMID: 26452736 PMCID: PMC4600297 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains are emerging as a major cause of severe pharyngitis and tonsillitis as well as invasive diseases such as endocarditis, septic arthritis, splenic abscesses and osteomyelitis. C. diphtheriae strains have been reported to vary in their ability to adhere and invade different cell lines. To identify the genetic basis of variation in the degrees of pathogenicity, we sequenced the genomes of four strains of C. diphtheriae (ISS 3319, ISS 4060, ISS 4746 and ISS 4749) that are well characterised in terms of their ability to adhere and invade mammalian cells. RESULTS Comparative analyses of 20 C. diphtheriae genome sequences, including 16 publicly available genomes, revealed a pan-genome comprising 3,989 protein coding sequences that include 1,625 core genes and 2,364 accessory genes. Most of the genomic variation between these strains relates to uncharacterised genes encoding hypothetical proteins or transposases. Further analyses of protein sequences using an array of bioinformatic tools predicted most of the accessory proteome to be located in the cytoplasm. The membrane-associated and secreted proteins are generally involved in adhesion and virulence characteristics. The genes encoding membrane-associated proteins, especially the number and organisation of the pilus gene clusters (spa) including the number of genes encoding surface proteins with LPXTG motifs differed between different strains. Other variations were among the genes encoding extracellular proteins, especially substrate binding proteins of different functional classes of ABC transport systems and 'non-classical' secreted proteins. CONCLUSIONS The structure and organisation of the spa gene clusters correlates with differences in the ability of C. diphtheriae strains to adhere and invade the host cells. Furthermore, differences in the number of genes encoding membrane-associated proteins, e.g., additional proteins with LPXTG motifs could also result in variation in the adhesive properties between different strains. The variation in the secreted proteome may be associated with the degree of pathogenesis. While the role of the 'non-classical' secretome in virulence remains unclear, differences in the substrate binding proteins of various ABC transport systems and cytoplasmic proteins potentially suggest strain variation in nutritional requirements or a differential ability to utilize various carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartul Sangal
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Jochen Blom
- Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Iain C Sutcliffe
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | | | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Paul A Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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23
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Santos LSD, Antunes CA, Santos CSD, Pereira JAA, Sabbadini PS, Luna MDGD, Azevedo V, Hirata Júnior R, Burkovski A, Asad LMBDO, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Corynebacterium diphtheriae putative tellurite-resistance protein (CDCE8392_0813) contributes to the intracellular survival in human epithelial cells and lethality of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:662-8. [PMID: 26107188 PMCID: PMC4569831 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the aetiologic agent of diphtheria,
also represents a global medical challenge because of the existence of invasive
strains as causative agents of systemic infections. Although tellurite
(TeO32-) is toxic to most microorganisms, TeO32--resistant
bacteria, including C. diphtheriae, exist in
nature. The presence of TeO32--resistance (TeR)
determinants in pathogenic bacteria might provide selective advantages in the natural
environment. In the present study, we investigated the role of the putative
TeR determinant (CDCE8392_813gene) in the virulence
attributes of diphtheria bacilli. The disruption of CDCE8392_0813 gene expression in
the LDCIC-L1 mutant increased susceptibility to TeO32- and reactive oxygen
species (hydrogen peroxide), but not to other antimicrobial agents. The LDCIC-L1
mutant also showed a decrease in both the lethality of Caenorhabditis elegans
and the survival inside of human epithelial cells compared to wild-type
strain. Conversely, the haemagglutinating activity and adherence to and formation of
biofilms on different abiotic surfaces were not regulated through the CDCE8392_0813
gene. In conclusion, the CDCE8392_813 gene contributes to the TeR and
pathogenic potential of C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisy Sanches Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - José Augusto Adler Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Priscila Soares Sabbadini
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, BR
| | - Maria das Graças de Luna
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - Raphael Hirata Júnior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Lehrstuhl fuer Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, DE
| | - Lídia Maria Buarque de Oliveira Asad
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
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Hacker E, Ott L, Hasselt K, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Tauch A, Burkovski A. Colonization of human epithelial cell lines by Corynebacterium ulcerans from human and animal sources. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:1582-1591. [PMID: 26066797 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium ulcerans is an emerging pathogen transmitted by a zoonotic pathway to humans. Despite rising numbers of infections and potentially fatal outcomes, data on the colonization of the human host are lacking up to now. In this study, adhesion of two C. ulcerans isolates to human epithelial cells, invasion of host cells and the function of two putative virulence factors with respect to these processes were investigated. C. ulcerans strains BR-AD22 and 809 were able to adhere to Detroit562 and HeLa cells, and invade these epithelial cell lines with a rate comparable to other pathogens as shown by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and replication assays. Infection led to detrimental effects on the cells as deduced from measurements of transepithelial resistance. Mutant strains of putative virulence factors phospholipase D and DIP0733 homologue CULC22_00609 generated in this study showed no influence on colonization under the experimental conditions tested. The data presented here indicate a high infectious potential of this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hacker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Tauch
- Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Antunes CA, Sanches dos Santos L, Hacker E, Köhler S, Bösl K, Ott L, de Luna MDG, Hirata R, Azevedo VADC, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Characterization of DIP0733, a multi-functional virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:639-47. [PMID: 25635272 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as an extracellular pathogen. However, a number of studies revealed its ability to invade epithelial cells, indicating a more complex pathogen-host interaction. The molecular mechanisms controlling and facilitating internalization of Cor. diphtheriae are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of DIP0733 as virulence factor to elucidate how it contributes to the process of pathogen-host cell interaction. Based on in vitro experiments, it was suggested recently that the DIP0733 protein might be involved in adhesion, invasion of epithelial cells and induction of apoptosis. A corresponding Cor. diphtheriae mutant strain generated in this study was attenuated in its ability to colonize and kill the host in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model system. Furthermore, the mutant showed an altered adhesion pattern and a drastically reduced ability to adhere and invade epithelial cells. Subsequent experiments showed an influence of DIP0733 on binding of Cor. diphtheriae to extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Furthermore, based on its fibrinogen-binding activity, DIP0733 may play a role in avoiding recognition of Cor. diphtheriae by the immune system. In summary, our findings support the idea that DIP0733 is a multi-functional virulence factor of Cor. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Hacker
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Bösl
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Ott
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Hirata
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andreas Burkovski
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Peixoto RS, Pereira GA, Sanches Dos Santos L, Rocha-de-Souza CM, Gomes DLR, Silva Dos Santos C, Werneck LMC, Dias AADSDO, Hirata R, Nagao PE, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Invasion of endothelial cells and arthritogenic potential of endocarditis-associated Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 160:537-546. [PMID: 24344208 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.069948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although infection by Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a model of extracellular mucosal pathogenesis, different clones have been also associated with invasive infections such as sepsis, endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. The mechanisms that promote C. diphtheriae infection and haematogenic dissemination need further investigation. In this study we evaluated the association and invasion mechanisms with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and experimental arthritis in mice of endocarditis-associated strains and control non-invasive strains. C. diphtheriae strains were able to adhere to and invade HUVECs at different levels. The endocarditis-associated strains displayed an aggregative adherence pattern and a higher number of internalized viable cells in HUVECs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed intracellular bacteria free in the cytoplasm and/or contained in a host-membrane-confined compartment as single micro-organisms. Data showed bacterial internalization dependent on microfilament and microtubule stability and involvement of protein phosphorylation in the HUVEC signalling pathway. A high number of affected joints and high arthritis index in addition to the histopathological features indicated a strain-dependent ability of C. diphtheriae to cause severe polyarthritis. A correlation between the arthritis index and increased systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was observed for endocarditis-associated strains. In conclusion, higher incidence of potential mechanisms by which C. diphtheriae may access the bloodstream through the endothelial barrier and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in addition to the ability to affect the joints and induce arthritis through haematogenic spread are thought to be related to the pathogenesis of endocarditis-associated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Andrade Pereira
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Louisy Sanches Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Marcos Rocha-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora Leandro Rama Gomes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucia Maria Correa Werneck
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Prescilla Emy Nagao
- Biology Institute Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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27
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Sangal V, Fineran PC, Hoskisson PA. Novel configurations of type I and II CRISPR–Cas systems in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 159:2118-2126. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.070235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vartul Sangal
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Peter C. Fineran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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28
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Cell envelope of corynebacteria: structure and influence on pathogenicity. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 2013:935736. [PMID: 23724339 PMCID: PMC3658426 DOI: 10.1155/2013/935736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To date the genus Corynebacterium comprises 88 species. More than half of these are connected to human and animal infections, with the most prominent member of the pathogenic species being Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is also the type species of the genus. Corynebacterium species are characterized by a complex cell wall architecture: the plasma membrane of these bacteria is followed by a peptidoglycan layer, which itself is covalently linked to a polymer of arabinogalactan. Bound to this, an outer layer of mycolic acids is found which is functionally equivalent to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. As final layer, free polysaccharides, glycolipids, and proteins are found. The composition of the different substructures of the corynebacterial cell envelope and their influence on pathogenicity are discussed in this paper.
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29
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Barh D, Gupta K, Jain N, Khatri G, León-Sicairos N, Canizalez-Roman A, Tiwari S, Verma A, Rahangdale S, Shah Hassan S, Rodrigues dos Santos A, Ali A, Carlos Guimarães L, Thiago Jucá Ramos R, Devarapalli P, Barve N, Bakhtiar M, Kumavath R, Ghosh P, Miyoshi A, Silva A, Kumar A, Narayan Misra A, Blum K, Baumbach J, Azevedo V. Conserved host–pathogen PPIs Globally conserved inter-species bacterial PPIs based conserved host-pathogen interactome derived novel target inC. pseudotuberculosis,C. diphtheriae,M. tuberculosis,C. ulcerans,Y. pestis, andE. colitargeted byPiper betelcompounds. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:495-509. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Jnan Bigyan Vihar, Balasore, Orissa, India
| | - Krishnakant Gupta
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
| | - Gourav Khatri
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- Unidad de investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Cedros y Sauces, Fraccionamiento Fresnos, Culiacán Sinaloa 80246, México
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- Unidad de investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Cedros y Sauces, Fraccionamiento Fresnos, Culiacán Sinaloa 80246, México
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
| | - Ankit Verma
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Sachin Rahangdale
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Syed Shah Hassan
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Amjad Ali
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Guimarães
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Pratap Devarapalli
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Riverside Transit Campus, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Neha Barve
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Marriam Bakhtiar
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Riverside Transit Campus, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- Department of Computer Science and Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, Room E4234, P.O. Box 843019, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3019, USA
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Amarendra Narayan Misra
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Jnan Bigyan Vihar, Balasore, Orissa, India
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand State, India
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Global Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Dominion Diagnostics LLC, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational Biology Group Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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30
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Ott L, Scholz B, Höller M, Hasselt K, Ensser A, Burkovski A. Induction of the NFκ-B signal transduction pathway in response to Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 159:126-135. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.061879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Scholz
- Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Virologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Höller
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Hasselt
- BioCer Entwicklungs-GmbH, Ludwig-Thoma-Str. 36c, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Virologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Rheinlaender J, Gräbner A, Ott L, Burkovski A, Schäffer TE. Contour and persistence length of Corynebacterium diphtheriae pili by atomic force microscopy. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2012; 41:561-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-012-0818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Ott L, McKenzie A, Baltazar MT, Britting S, Bischof A, Burkovski A, Hoskisson PA. Evaluation of invertebrate infection models for pathogenic corynebacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:413-21. [PMID: 22443092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For several pathogenic bacteria, model systems for host-pathogen interactions were developed, which provide the possibility of quick and cost-effective high throughput screening of mutant bacteria for genes involved in pathogenesis. A number of different model systems, including amoeba, nematodes, insects, and fish, have been introduced, and it was observed that different bacteria respond in different ways to putative surrogate hosts, and distinct model systems might be more or less suitable for a certain pathogen. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable invertebrate model for the human and animal pathogens Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and Corynebacterium ulcerans. The results obtained in this study indicate that Acanthamoeba polyphaga is not optimal as surrogate host, while both Caenorhabtitis elegans and Galleria larvae seem to offer tractable models for rapid assessment of virulence between strains. Caenorhabtitis elegans gives more differentiated results and might be the best model system for pathogenic corynebacteria, given the tractability of bacteria and the range of mutant nematodes available to investigate the host response in combination with bacterial virulence. Nevertheless, Galleria will also be useful in respect to innate immune responses to pathogens because insects offer a more complex cell-based innate immune system compared with the simple innate immune system of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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