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Canto-de-Souza L, Baptista-de-Souza D, Nunes-de-Souza RL, Planeta C. Distinct roles of the left and right prelimbic cortices in the modulation of ethanol consumption in male mice under acute and chronic social defeat stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1161-1176. [PMID: 38347153 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic stress exposure disrupts the medial prefrontal cortex's (mPFC) ability to regulate impulses, leading to the loss of control over alcohol drinking in rodents, emphasizing the critical role of this forebrain area in regulating alcohol consumption. Moreover, chronic stress exposure causes lateralization of mPFC functions with volumetric and functional changes, resulting in hyperactivity in the right hemisphere and functional decrease in the left. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the inhibitory role of the left prelimbic cortex (LPrL) on ethanol consumption induced by chronic social defeat stress (SDS) in male mice and to examine if inactivation of the LPrL causes disinhibition of the right mPFC, leading to an increase in ethanol consumption. We also investigated the role of lateralization and neurochemical alterations in the mPFC related to ethanol consumption induced by chronic SDS. To this end, we examined the activation patterns of ΔFosB, VGLUT2, and GAD67 in the left and right mPFC. RESULTS Temporarily blocking the LPrL or right PrL (RPrL) cortices during acute SDS did not affect male mice's voluntary ethanol consumption in male mice. When each cortex was blocked in mice previously exposed to chronic SDS, ethanol consumption also remained unaffected. However, male mice with LPrL lesions during chronic SDS showed an increase in voluntary ethanol consumption, which was associated with enhanced ΔFosB/VGLUT2-positive neurons within the RPrL cortex. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the LPrL may play a role in inhibiting ethanol consumption induced by chronic SDS, while the RPrL may be involved in the disinhibition of ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Canto-de-Souza
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra Planeta
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Heydari F, Nasiri M, Haroabadi A, Fahanik Babaei J, Pestehei SK. Efficacy of melatonin in alleviating disorders arising from repeated exposure to sevoflurane in males and females of the Wistar rats during preadolescence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11889. [PMID: 38789558 PMCID: PMC11126601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatricians use sevoflurane due to its fast action and short recovery time. However, studies have shown that repeated exposure to anesthesia can affect learning and memory. Melatonin, an indole-type neuroendocrine hormone, has significant anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Melatonin's impact on cognitive behavior in sevoflurane-anesthetized males and females of the Wistar rats during preadolescence was examined in this research. The cognitive function was evaluated by shuttle box and morris water maze tests, while interleukin-10, Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated using ELISA kits. The expression levels of the apoptosis-linked proteins, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were determined using the western blotting technique. The learning and memory latencies of the rats were more significant in the sevoflurane groups than in the control group; however, the latencies were significantly shorter in the sevoflurane and melatonin groups than in the control group. The levels of MDA, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3 were significantly higher in the sevoflurane groups than in the control group. We also found that the levels of CAT and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced in the sevoflurane groups compared to the control group. Increasing levels of CAT, Bcl-2, and decreasing levels of MDA, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3 in response to melatonin indicate a possible contribution to the recovery from the sevoflurane impairment. Melatonin shows neuroprotective effects in male and female rats with sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. This suggests melatonin could be a valuable treatment for learning and memory deficits resulting from repeated exposure to sevoflurane, possibly by controlling apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heydari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nasiri
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Haroabadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Khalil Pestehei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Neonatal Anesthesia and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040787. [PMID: 35453473 PMCID: PMC9026345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal anesthesia, while often essential for surgeries or imaging procedures, is accompanied by significant risks to redox balance in the brain due to the relatively weak antioxidant system in children. Oxidative stress is characterized by concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are elevated beyond what can be accommodated by the antioxidant defense system. In neonatal anesthesia, this has been proposed to be a contributing factor to some of the negative consequences (e.g., learning deficits and behavioral abnormalities) that are associated with early anesthetic exposure. In order to assess the relationship between neonatal anesthesia and oxidative stress, we first review the mechanisms of action of common anesthetic agents, the key pathways that produce the majority of ROS, and the main antioxidants. We then explore the possible immediate, short-term, and long-term pathways of neonatal-anesthesia-induced oxidative stress. We review a large body of literature describing oxidative stress to be evident during and immediately following neonatal anesthesia. Moreover, our review suggests that the short-term pathway has a temporally limited effect on oxidative stress, while the long-term pathway can manifest years later due to the altered development of neurons and neurovascular interactions.
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Ji W, Zhang Y, Ge RL, Wan Y, Liu J. NMDA Receptor-Mediated Excitotoxicity Is Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure at High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:45-57. [PMID: 33252277 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Ji
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Ri-li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
| | - Yaqi Wan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
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Blanco-Ocampo D, Cawen FA, Álamo-Pindado LA, Negro-Demontel ML, Peluffo H. Safe and neuroprotective vectors for long-term traumatic brain injury gene therapy. Gene Ther 2019; 27:96-103. [PMID: 30926962 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and progressive brain injury with no approved treatments that needs both short- and long-term therapeutic strategies to cope with the variety of physiopathological mechanisms involved. In particular, neuroinflammation is a key process modulating TBI outcome, and the potentiation of these mechanisms by pro-inflammatory gene therapy vectors could contribute to the injury progression. Here, we evaluate in the controlled cortical impact model of TBI, the safety of integrative-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) or the non-viral HNRK recombinant modular protein/DNA nanovector. These two promising vectors display different tropisms, transduction efficiencies, short- or long-term transduction or inflammatory activation profile. We show that the brain intraparenchymal injection of these vectors overexpressing green fluorescent protein after a CCI is not neurotoxic, and interestingly, can decrease the short-term sensory neurological deficits, and diminish the brain tissue loss at 90 days post lesion (dpl). Moreover, only IDLVs were able to mitigate the memory deficits elicited by a CCI. These vectors did not alter the microglial or astroglial reactivity at 90 dpl, suggesting that they do not potentiate the on-going neuroinflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that both types of vectors could be interesting tools for the design of gene therapy strategies targeting immediate or long-term neuropathological mechanisms of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Blanco-Ocampo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabio Andrés Cawen
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luis Angel Álamo-Pindado
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Luciana Negro-Demontel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Peluffo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Polis B, Srikanth KD, Gurevich V, Gil-Henn H, Samson AO. L-Norvaline, a new therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1562-1572. [PMID: 31089055 PMCID: PMC6557086 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights the role of arginase activity in the manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Upregulation of arginase was shown to contribute to neurodegeneration. Regulation of arginase activity appears to be a promising approach for interfering with the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, the enzyme represents a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we administered an arginase inhibitor, L-norvaline (250 mg/L), for 2.5 months to a triple-transgenic model (3×Tg-AD) harboring PS1M146V, APPSwe, and tauP301L transgenes. Then, the neuroprotective effects of L-norvaline were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, proteomics, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. Finally, we identified the biological pathways activated by the treatment. Remarkably, L-norvaline treatment reverses the cognitive decline in AD mice. The treatment is neuroprotective as indicated by reduced beta-amyloidosis, alleviated microgliosis, and reduced tumor necrosis factor transcription levels. Moreover, elevated levels of neuroplasticity related postsynaptic density protein 95 were detected in the hippocampi of mice treated with L-norvaline. Furthermore, we disclosed several biological pathways, which were involved in cell survival and neuroplasticity and were activated by the treatment. Through these modes of action, L-norvaline has the potential to improve the symptoms of AD and even interferes with its pathogenesis. As such, L-norvaline is a promising neuroprotective molecule that might be tailored for the treatment of a range of neurodegenerative disorders. The study was approved by the Bar-Ilan University Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. 82-10-2017) on October 1, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Laboratory of Cell Migration and Invasion, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Kolluru D Srikanth
- Laboratory of Cell Migration and Invasion, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Vyacheslav Gurevich
- Laboratory of Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hava Gil-Henn
- Laboratory of Cell Migration and Invasion, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Abraham O Samson
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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7
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Polis B, Samson AO. Arginase as a Potential Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2018.74009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Jafri AJA, Arfuzir NNN, Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Razali N, Krasilnikova A, Kharitonova M, Demidov V, Serebryansky E, Skalny A, Spasov A, Yusof APM, Ismail NM. Protective effect of magnesium acetyltaurate against NMDA-induced retinal damage involves restoration of minerals and trace elements homeostasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:147-154. [PMID: 27908408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity involving N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been recognized as a final common outcome in pathological conditions involving death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Overstimulation of NMDA receptors results in influx of calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions and efflux of potassium (K). NMDA receptors are blocked by magnesium (Mg). Such changes due to NMDA overstimulation are also associated with not only the altered levels of minerals but also that of trace elements and redox status. Both the decreased and elevated levels of trace elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) affect NMDA receptor excitability and redox status. Manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) are also part of antioxidant defense mechanisms in retina. Additionally endogenous substances such as taurine also affect NMDA receptor activity and retinal redox status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mg acetyltaurate (MgAT) on the retinal mineral and trace element concentration, oxidative stress, retinal morphology and retinal cell apoptosis in rats after-NMDA exposure. One group of Sprague Dawley rats received intravitreal injection of vehicle while 4 other groups similarly received NMDA (160nmolL-1). Among the NMDA injected groups, 3 groups also received MgAT (320nmolL-1) as pre-treatment, co-treatment or post-treatment. Seven days after intravitreal injection, rats were sacrificed, eyes were enucleated and retinae were isolated for estimation of mineral (Ca, Na, K, Mg) and trace element (Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn) concentration using Inductively Coupled Plasma (DRC ICP-MS) techniques (NexION 300D), retinal oxidative stress using Elisa, retinal morphology using H&E staining and retinal cell apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Intravitreal NMDA injection resulted in increased concentration of Ca (4.6 times, p<0.0001), Mg (1.5 times, p<0.01), Na (3 times, p<0.0001) and K (2.3 times, p<0.0001) compared to vehicle injected group. This was accompanied with significant increase of Ca/Mg and Na/K ratios, 3 and 1.27 times respectively, compared to control group. The trace elements such as Cu, Fe and Zn also showed a significant increase amounting to 3.3 (p<0.001), 2.3 (p<0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001) times respectively compared to control group. Se was increased by 60% (p<0.005). Pre-treatment with MgAT abolished effect of NMDA on minerals and trace elements more effectively than co- and post-treatment. Similar observations were made for retinal oxidative stress, retinal morphology and retinal cell apoptosis. In conclusion, current study demonstrated the protective effect of MgAT against NMDA-induced oxidative stress and retinal cell apoptosis. This effect of MgAT was associated with restoration of retinal concentrations of minerals and trace elements. Further studies are warranted to explore the precise molecular targets of MgAT. Nevertheless, MgAT seems a potential candidate in the management of diseases involving NMDA-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azliana Jusnida Ahmad Jafri
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Natasha Najwa Nor Arfuzir
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia; Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd, Russia.
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza Razali
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anna Krasilnikova
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maria Kharitonova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd, Russia; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80 - 82/III, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vasily Demidov
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Evgeny Serebryansky
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Anatoly Skalny
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105064, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Spasov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Ahmad Pauzi Md Yusof
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lee JC, Park JH, Kim IH, Cho GS, Ahn JH, Tae HJ, Choi SY, Cho JH, Kim DW, Kwon YG, Kang IJ, Won MH, Kim YM. Neuroprotection of ischemic preconditioning is mediated by thioredoxin 2 in the hippocampal CA1 region following a subsequent transient cerebral ischemia. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:276-291. [PMID: 27117068 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning by brief ischemic episode induces tolerance to a subsequent lethal ischemic insult, and it has been suggested that reactive oxygen species are involved in this phenomenon. Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), a small protein with redox-regulating function, shows cytoprotective roles against oxidative stress. Here, we had focused on the role of Trx2 in ischemic preconditioning (IPC)-mediated neuroprotection against oxidative stress followed by a subsequent lethal transient cerebral ischemia. Animals used in this study were randomly assigned to six groups; sham-operated group, ischemia-operated group, IPC plus (+) sham-operated group, IPC + ischemia-operated group, IPC + auranofin (a TrxR2 inhibitor) + sham-operated group and IPC + auranofin + ischemia-operated group. IPC was subjected to a 2 minutes of sublethal transient ischemia 1 day prior to a 5 minutes of lethal transient ischemia. A significant loss of neurons was found in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the ischemia-operated-group 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion; in the IPC + ischemia-operated-group, pyramidal neurons in the SP were well protected. In the IPC + ischemia-operated-group, Trx2 and TrxR2 immunoreactivities in the SP and its protein level in the CA1 were not significantly changed compared with those in the sham-operated-group after ischemia-reperfusion. In addition, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, superoxide anion radical ( O2-) production, denatured cytochrome c expression and TUNEL-positive cells in the IPC + ischemia-operated-group were similar to those in the sham-operated-group. Conversely, the treatment of auranofin to the IPC + ischemia-operated-group significantly increased cell damage/death and abolished the IPC-induced effect on Trx2 and TrxR2 expressions. Furthermore, the inhibition of Trx2R nearly cancelled the beneficial effects of IPC on SOD2 expression, O2- production, denatured cytochrome c expression and TUNEL-positive cells. In brief, this study shows that IPC conferred neuroprotection against ischemic injury by maintaining Trx2 and suggests that the maintenance or enhancement of Trx2 expression by IPC may be a legitimate strategy for therapeutic intervention of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ansan, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Neuroprotective Effect of Radix Trichosanthis Saponins on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:313657. [PMID: 26089937 PMCID: PMC4452186 DOI: 10.1155/2015/313657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis has been implicated in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). As a result, antioxidants and/or free radical scavengers have become an important therapeutic modality. Considering that radix trichosanthis (RT) saponins exhibited strong antioxidant ability both in vivo and in vitro, the present study aimed to reveal whether the neuroprotective activities of RT saponins were mediated by p38/p53 signal pathway after SAH. An established SAH model was used and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), p-p38, and p53 activation were detected after 48 h of SAH. The results showed that RT saponins inhibited iNOS expression to restore NO to basal level. Moreover, compared with Cu/Zn-SOD, RT saponins (2 mg/kg/d dosage) significantly increased Mn-SOD activity after SAH. Accompanied with lowered NO and elevated SOD, decreased p38 phosphorylation and p53 activities were observed, especially for RT saponins at 2 mg/kg/d dosage. In this setting, the neurological outcome was also improved with less neuronal cells damage after RT saponins pretreatment. Our findings demonstrated the beneficial effects of RT saponins in enhancing neuroprotective effects by deducing iNOS activity, normalizing SOD level, and inhibiting p-p38 and p53 expression, hence offering significant therapeutic implications for SAH.
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Peluffo H, Unzueta U, Negro-Demontel ML, Xu Z, Váquez E, Ferrer-Miralles N, Villaverde A. BBB-targeting, protein-based nanomedicines for drug and nucleic acid delivery to the CNS. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:277-87. [PMID: 25698504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) demands the urgent development of efficient drugs. While many of these medicines are already available, the Blood Brain Barrier and to a lesser extent, the Blood Spinal Cord Barrier pose physical and biological limitations to their diffusion to reach target tissues. Therefore, efforts are needed not only to address drug development but specially to design suitable vehicles for delivery into the CNS through systemic administration. In the context of the functional and structural versatility of proteins, recent advances in their biological fabrication and a better comprehension of the physiology of the CNS offer a plethora of opportunities for the construction and tailoring of plain nanoconjugates and of more complex nanosized vehicles able to cross these barriers. We revise here how the engineering of functional proteins offers drug delivery tools for specific CNS diseases and more transversally, how proteins can be engineered into smart nanoparticles or 'artificial viruses' to afford therapeutic requirements through alternative administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Peluffo
- Neuroinflammation Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luciana Negro-Demontel
- Neuroinflammation Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Zhikun Xu
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Váquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Negro-Demontel ML, Saccardo P, Giacomini C, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Ferrer-Miralles N, Vazquez E, Villaverde A, Peluffo H. Comparative analysis of lentiviral vectors and modular protein nanovectors for traumatic brain injury gene therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14047. [PMID: 26015985 PMCID: PMC4362363 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and there are no effective treatments currently available. Gene therapy applications have emerged as important alternatives for the treatment of diverse nervous system injuries. New strategies are evolving with the notion that each particular pathological condition may require a specific vector. Moreover, the lack of detailed comparative studies between different vectors under similar conditions hampers the selection of an ideal vector for a given pathological condition. The potential use of lentiviral vectors versus several modular protein-based nanovectors was compared using a controlled cortical impact model of TBI under the same gene therapy conditions. We show that variables such as protein/DNA ratio, incubation volume, and presence of serum or chloroquine in the transfection medium impact on both nanovector formation and transfection efficiency in vitro. While lentiviral vectors showed GFP protein 1 day after TBI and increased expression at 14 days, nanovectors showed stable and lower GFP transgene expression from 1 to 14 days. No toxicity after TBI by any of the vectors was observed as determined by resulting levels of IL-1β or using neurological sticky tape test. In fact, both vector types induced functional improvement per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luciana Negro-Demontel
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay ; Departmento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, UDELAR , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Giacomini
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UDELAR , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vazquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Peluffo
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay ; Departmento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, UDELAR , Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Rodríguez-Carmona E, Corchero JL, García-Fruitós E, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Engineering protein self-assembling in protein-based nanomedicines for drug delivery and gene therapy. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:209-21. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.833163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Unzueta U, Saccardo P, Ferrer-Miralles N, García-Fruitós E, Vazquez E, Villaverde A, Cortés F, Mangues R. Improved performance of protein-based recombinant gene therapy vehicles by tuning downstream procedures. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1458-63. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugutz Unzueta
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Elena García-Fruitós
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Esther Vazquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Francisco Cortés
- Servei de Cultius Cel·lulars, Producció d'Anticossos i Citometria, (SCAC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra; 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-SantPau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167 08025 Barcelona Spain
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15
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Peluffo H, Gonzalez P, Acarin L, Arís A, Beyaert R, Villaverde A, Gonzalez B. Overexpression of the nuclear factor kappaB inhibitor A20 is neurotoxic after an excitotoxic injury to the immature rat brain. Neurol Res 2012; 35:308-19. [PMID: 23336395 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zinc finger protein A20 is an ubiquitinating/deubiquitinating enzyme essential for the termination of inflammatory reactions through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling. Moreover, it also shows anti-apoptotic activities in some cell types and proapoptotic/pronecrotic effects in others. Although it is known that the regulation of inflammatory and cell death processes are critical in proper brain functioning and that A20 mRNA is expressed in the CNS, its role in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions is still unknown. METHODS In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of A20 overexpression in mixed cortical cultures in basal conditions: the in vivo pattern of endogenous A20 expression in the control and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxically damaged postnatal day 9 immature rat brain, and the post-injury effects of A20 overexpression in the same lesion model. RESULTS Our results show that overexpression of A20 in mixed cortical cultures induced significant neuronal death by decreasing neuronal cell counts by 45 ± 9%. in vivo analysis of endogenous A20 expression showed widespread expression in gray matter, mainly in neuronal cells. However, after NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, neuronal A20 was downregulated in the neurodegenerating cortex and striatum at 10-24 hours post-lesion, and it was re-expressed at longer survival times in reactive astrocytes located mainly in the lesion border. When A20 was overexpressed in vivo 2 hours after the excitotoxic damage, the lesion volume at 3 days post-lesion showed a significant increase (20.8 ± 7.0%). No A20-induced changes were observed in the astroglial response to injury. CONCLUSIONS A20 is found in neuronal cells in normal conditions and is also expressed in astrocytes after brain damage, and its overexpression is neurotoxic for cortical neurons in basal mixed neuron-glia culture conditions and exacerbates postnatal brain excitotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Peluffo
- Insitut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
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Brown IR. CSSI workshop in Brazil highlights "Stress Responses in the Nervous System" in relation to neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotection. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:657-60. [PMID: 22886590 PMCID: PMC3468679 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review is provided of the two neuroscience sessions entitled "Stress Responses in the Nervous System" that were presented at the ninth Cell Stress Society International Workshop on the "Molecular Biology of the Stress Response" held in Port Alegre, Brazil, May 27-30, 2012. The sessions were organized and chaired by Ian R. Brown (Toronto, Canada) and Maria Estela Andrés (Santiago, Chile).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Brown
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Peluffo H, Alí-Ruiz D, Ejarque-Ortíz A, Heras-Alvarez V, Comas-Casellas E, Martínez-Barriocanal A, Kamaid A, Alvarez-Errico D, Negro ML, Lago N, Schwartz S, Villaverde A, Sayós J. Overexpression of the immunoreceptor CD300f has a neuroprotective role in a model of acute brain injury. Brain Pathol 2011; 22:318-28. [PMID: 21951326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cell surface immune receptors play a critical role in regulating immune and inflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS). We have analyzed the function of cluster of differentiation (CD)300f immunoreceptor in a model of excitotoxic rat brain damage. First, to explore the presence of endogenous ligand(s) for this receptor we used a human CD300f-Ig soluble protein and confocal microscopy, showing specific staining mainly in CNS white matter and on the surface of oligodendrocytes and certain astrocytes. Next, we demonstrated in a model of in vivo rat brain excitotoxic damage that the overexpression of human CD300f induced a significant reduction in the lesion volume. To validate these results, we cloned the rat ortholog of CD300f protein (rCD300f). The overexpression of rCD300f receptor had a comparable neuroprotective effect after the acute brain injury and a similar CNS staining pattern when stained with the rCD300f-Ig soluble protein. Interestingly, when we analyzed the expression pattern of rCD300f in brain cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, we detected the expression of CD300f as expected in microglial cells, but also in oligodendrocytes and neurons. These data suggest that the neuroprotective role of CD300f would be the result of a complex network of cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Peluffo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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18
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Gonzalez P, Peluffo H, Acarin L, Villaverde A, Gonzalez B, Castellano B. Interleukin-10 overexpression does not synergize with the neuroprotective action of RGD-containing vectors after postnatal brain excitotoxicity but modulates the main inflammatory cell responses. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:143-59. [PMID: 21922521 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antiinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) have been used to modulate and terminate inflammation and provide neuroprotection. Recently, we reported that the modular recombinant transfection vector NLSCt is an efficient tool for transgene overexpression in vivo, which induces neuroprotection as a result of its RGD-mediated integrin-interacting capacity. We here sought to evaluate the putative synergic neuroprotective action exerted by IL-10 overexpression using NLSCt as a transfection vector after an excitotoxic injury to the postnatal rat brain. For this purpose, lesion volume, neurodegeneration, astroglial and microglial responses, neutrophil infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production were analyzed at several survival times after intracortical NMDA injection in postnatal day 9 rats, followed by injection of NLSCt combined with the IL-10 gene, a control transgene, or saline vehicle solution. Our results show no combined neuroprotective effect between RGD-interacting vectors and IL-10 gene therapy; instead, IL-10 overexpression using NLSCt as transfection vector increased lesion volume and neuronal degeneration at 12 hr and 3 days postlesion. In parallel, NLSCt/IL-10 treated animals displayed increased density of neutrophils and microglia/macrophages, and a reduced astroglial content of GFAP and vimentin. Moreover, NLSCt/IL-10 treated animals did not show any variation in interleukin-1β or tumor necrosis factor-α expression but a slight increase in interleukin-6 content at 7 days postlesion. In conclusion, overexpression of IL-10 by using NLSCt transfection vector did not synergistically neuroprotect the excitotoxically damaged postnatal rat brain but induced changes in the astroglial and microglial and inflammatory cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Gonzalez
- Unit of Medical Histology, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Domingo-Espín J, Vazquez E, Ganz J, Conchillo O, García-Fruitós E, Cedano J, Unzueta U, Petegnief V, Gonzalez-Montalbán N, Planas AM, Daura X, Peluffo H, Ferrer-Miralles N, Villaverde A. Nanoparticulate architecture of protein-based artificial viruses is supported by protein-DNA interactions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1047-61. [PMID: 21651444 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED AIM & METHODS: We have produced two chimerical peptides of 10.2 kDa, each contain four biologically active domains, which act as building blocks of protein-based nonviral vehicles for gene therapy. In solution, these peptides tend to aggregate as amorphous clusters of more than 1000 nm, while the presence of DNA promotes their architectonic reorganization as mechanically stable nanometric spherical entities of approximately 80 nm that penetrate mammalian cells through arginine-glycine-aspartic acid cell-binding domains and promote significant transgene expression levels. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The structural analysis of the protein in these hybrid nanoparticles indicates a molecular conformation with predominance of α-helix and the absence of cross-molecular, β-sheet-supported protein interactions. The nanoscale organizing forces generated by DNA-protein interactions can then be observed as a potentially tunable, critical factor in the design of protein-only based artificial viruses for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domingo-Espín
- Institute for Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Ahn JH, Choi JH, Kim JS, Lee HJ, Lee CH, Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Lee YL, Shin HC, Won MH. Comparison of immunoreactivities in 4-HNE and superoxide dismutases in the cervical and the lumbar spinal cord between adult and aged dogs. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:703-8. [PMID: 21396438 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging shows slowly progressive changes and is associated with many functional and morphological changes in the central nervous system. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species causes age-related deterioration in neuronal function and contributes to the increase of disease susceptibility during normal aging. In the present study, we compared the neuronal distribution and immunoreactivities of 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE, end product of lipid peroxidation), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and SOD2 in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord between adult (2-3 years) and aged (10-12 years) dogs. No significant change in neuronal morphology was observed after cresyl violet staining. The number of NeuN (a marker for neurons)-immunoreactive neurons was not significantly changed in the aged group compare to the adult group. In addition, we could not find Fluoro-Jade B (a marker for degenerating neurons) positive cells in both the adult and aged dogs. However, numbers of 4-HNE-, SOD1- and SOD2-immunoreactive cells were significantly increased in both the cervical and lumbar spinal cord of the aged dog: The increase rates of these cells in the aged spinal cord were higher in the lumbar level than the cervical level. In brief, 4-HNE, SOD1 and SOD2 levels are much increased in the aged spinal cord compared to the adult spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, South Korea
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Wang G, Yang Q, Li G, Wang L, Hu W, Tang Q, Li D, Sun Z. Time course of heme oxygenase-1 and oxidative stress after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2011; 153:319-25. [PMID: 20686796 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme for heme catabolism and iron production, its role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is controversial. The study was to investigate correlations between brain oxidative injury and HO-1 after experimental ICH. METHOD Sprague-Dawley rats received intra-striatal infusions of 100 μl autologous whole blood as ICH models. HO-1 were examined by immunohistochemical and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Brain oxidative stress was quantitated by malondialdehyde (MDA); antioxidation were measured by copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activity using RT-PCR assay. RESULTS The expression of the HO-1 upregulated and reached its peak at days 3 and 7 after ICH (P < 0.01). There was a significant increase of MDA and a top at 3-day post-ICH (P < 0.01); Cu/Zn-SOD was upregulated post-ICH and reached the top at day 7 (P < 0.001); HO-1 was correlated significantly with brain MDA content at days 7 and 14 following ICH (r = 0.435-0.501, P < 0.001) but there is no definite correlation between them on 1 to 3 days (P > 0.05); conversely, HO-1 was correlated significantly with Cu/Zn-SOD on 1 to 3 days after ICH (r = 0.433-0.621, P < 0.001) but there is no definite correlation between them at days 7 and 14 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HO-1 has both antioxidant and prooxidant properties in ICH. The early upregulation of HO-1 possibly fit with the events and be protective against oxidative stress, whereas its overexpression in the late stages may result in its dysfunction and be toxic. So it should be prudent to intervene ICH with the inhibitor/activator of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, ChangSha, Hu Nan, China.
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Domingo-Espín J, Unzueta U, Saccardo P, Rodríguez-Carmona E, Corchero JL, Vázquez E, Ferrer-Miralles N. Engineered biological entities for drug delivery and gene therapy protein nanoparticles. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:247-98. [PMID: 22093221 PMCID: PMC7173510 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of genetic engineering techniques has speeded up the growth of the biotechnological industry, resulting in a significant increase in the number of recombinant protein products on the market. The deep knowledge of protein function, structure, biological interactions, and the possibility to design new polypeptides with desired biological activities have been the main factors involved in the increase of intensive research and preclinical and clinical approaches. Consequently, new biological entities with added value for innovative medicines such as increased stability, improved targeting, and reduced toxicity, among others have been obtained. Proteins are complex nanoparticles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers when complex supramolecular interactions occur, as for example, in viral capsids. However, even though protein production is a delicate process that imposes the use of sophisticated analytical methods and negative secondary effects have been detected in some cases as immune and inflammatory reactions, the great potential of biodegradable and tunable protein nanoparticles indicates that protein-based biotechnological products are expected to increase in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domingo-Espín
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Escarlata Rodríguez-Carmona
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Corchero
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Engineering building blocks for self-assembling protein nanoparticles. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:101. [PMID: 21192790 PMCID: PMC3022712 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Like natural viruses, manmade protein cages for drug delivery are to be ideally formed by repetitive subunits with self-assembling properties, mimicking viral functions and molecular organization. Naturally formed nanostructures (such as viruses, flagella or simpler protein oligomers) can be engineered to acquire specific traits of interest in biomedicine, for instance through the addition of cell targeting agents for desired biodistribution and specific delivery of associated drugs. However, fully artificial constructs would be highly desirable regarding finest tuning and adaptation to precise therapeutic purposes. Although engineering of protein assembling is still in its infancy, arising principles and promising strategies of protein manipulation point out the rational construction of nanoscale protein cages as a feasible concept, reachable through conventional recombinant DNA technologies and microbial protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Vázquez
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Toledo-Rubio V, Vazquez E, Platas G, Domingo-Espín J, Unzueta U, Steinkamp E, García-Fruitós E, Ferrer-Miralles N, Villaverde A. Protein aggregation and soluble aggregate formation screened by a fast microdialysis assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:453-7. [PMID: 20233904 DOI: 10.1177/1087057110363911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a major obstacle in recombinant protein production as it reduces the yield of soluble polypeptides. Also, the formation of aggregates occurring in the soluble fraction is more common than formerly expected, and the prevalence of these entities might significantly affect the average quality of the soluble protein species. Usually, the formation of soluble aggregates remains unperceived because analytical methods such as dynamic light scattering are not routinely applied as quality control procedures. The authors have developed a methodologically simple and fast procedure, based on microdialysis and image processing, that reveals the aggregation tendency of a given protein in a specific environment. Because they also show a good correlation between macroscopic aggregation and soluble aggregate formation, the microdialysis approach also permits an estimation of the occurrence of soluble aggregates.
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25
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Saccardo P, Villaverde A, González-Montalbán N. Peptide-mediated DNA condensation for non-viral gene therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:432-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Membrane-active peptides for non-viral gene therapy: making the safest easier. Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26:267-75. [PMID: 18358551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene therapy uses engineered nanoparticles in the virus size range for the cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. A diverse range of macromolecules are suitable for constructing such 'artificial viruses'. However, proteins, either man-made or from natural sources, are especially convenient for mimicking the viral functions critical for gene transfer. Cell penetration is a critical step for the delivery of nucleic acids in sufficient amounts and hence for reaching satisfactory transgene expression levels. Membrane-active peptides have shown great promise because of their positive role in cross-membrane transport and intracellular trafficking, and they have been incorporated into different artificial viruses. In this review, we will discuss the biological properties of these peptides together with the newest rational approaches designed to optimize their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Bergen JM, Park IK, Horner PJ, Pun SH. Nonviral approaches for neuronal delivery of nucleic acids. Pharm Res 2007; 25:983-98. [PMID: 17932730 PMCID: PMC2292496 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to neurons has the potential to treat neurological disease and spinal cord injury. While select viral vectors have shown promise as gene carriers to neurons, their potential as therapeutic agents is limited by their toxicity and immunogenicity, their broad tropism, and the cost of large-scale formulation. Nonviral vectors are an attractive alternative in that they offer improved safety profiles compared to viruses, are less expensive to produce, and can be targeted to specific neuronal subpopulations. However, most nonviral vectors suffer from significantly lower transfection efficiencies than neurotropic viruses, severely limiting their utility in neuron-targeted delivery applications. To realize the potential of nonviral delivery technology in neurons, vectors must be designed to overcome a series of extra- and intracellular barriers. In this article, we describe the challenges preventing successful nonviral delivery of nucleic acids to neurons and review strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Bergen
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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28
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Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the major antioxidant enzymes that inactivate superoxide and thereby control oxidative stress as well as redox signaling. Transgenic mice overexpressing different isozymes of SOD have been used to study the effect of SOD overexpression on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Studies with transgenic and wild-type animals of different ages show that the function of SOD overexpression changes across the life span of an animal, and comparisons between animals that overexpress different SOD isozymes suggest that the functional value of overexpression as well as the mechanisms through which the respective functional values are effected vary depending on isozyme. The work discussed in this review has important implications for the use of antioxidant treatments and for our understanding of the role of superoxide in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoying Hu
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Peluffo H, González P, Arís A, Acarin L, Saura J, Villaverde A, Castellano B, González B. RGD domains neuroprotect the immature brain by a glial-dependent mechanism. Ann Neurol 2007; 62:251-61. [PMID: 17721926 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrin binding to extracellular matrix ligands, including those presenting RGD motifs, modulate diverse cellular processes. In the brain, many endogenous RGD-containing molecules are induced after damage. Previously, the gene therapy vector termed NLSCt, which displays an RGD motif, was shown to neuroprotect after immature brain excitotoxicity. We analyze whether neuroprotection is mediated by the RGD motif. METHODS RGD-containing synthetic peptide GPenGRGDSPCA (GPen) was injected 2 hours after N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated excitotoxicity to the postnatal day 9 rat brain. Damage and glial/inflammatory response were evaluated 3 days later. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of GPen and NLSCt after N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cell death was also analyzed in vitro using neuron-purified and mixed neuron-glia primary cultures. To further characterize whether the neuroprotective effect was mediated by glial-derived soluble factors, we also tested the protective ability of conditioned media from RGD-treated microglia, astrocyte, or mixed glia cultures. RESULTS Animals treated with GPen peptide showed functional improvement, a significant reduction in lesion volume up to 28%, and a decrease in the number of degenerating neurons. In addition, N-methyl-D-aspartate-injected animals treated with both RGD-containing molecules at the neuroprotective doses showed a significant increase in microglial reactivity and microglia/macrophage cell number, but no differences in neutrophil infiltration and the astroglial response. Finally, in vitro studies showed that the neuroprotective effect was observed in mixed neuron-glia, but not in neuron-purified cultures. Conditioned media from RGD-treated microglial, astroglial, and mixed-glial cultures were not protective. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that RGD-containing molecules neuroprotect by a glial-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Peluffo
- Medical Histology, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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