1
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Nebli S, Rebai A, Ayadi I. Screening clusters of charged residues in plants' mitochondrial proteins and biological significance. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101938. [PMID: 39013535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Protein function is dependent on charge interactions and charge biased regions, which are involved in a wide range of cellular and biochemical processes. We report the development of a new algorithm implemented in Python and its use to identify charge clusters CC (NegativeCC: NCC, PositiveCC: PCC and MixedCC: MCC) and compare their presence in mitochondrial proteins of plant groups. To characterize the resulting CC, statistical, structural and functional analyses were conducted. The screening of 105 399 protein sequences showed that 2.6 %, 0.48 % and 0.03 % of the proteins contain NCC, PCC and MCC, respectively. Mitochondrial proteins encoded by the nuclear genome of green algae have the biggest proportion of both PCC (1.6 %) and MCC (0.4 %) and mitochondrial proteins coded by the nuclear genome of other plants group have the highest portion of NCC (7.5 %). The mapping of the identified CC showed that they are mainly located in the terminal regions of the protein. Annotation showed that proteins with CC are classified as binding proteins, are included in the transmembrane transport processes, and are mainly located in the membrane. The CC scanning revealed the presence of 2373 and 784 sites and 192 and 149 motif profiles within NCC and PCC, respectively. The investigation of CC within pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins revealed that they are involved in correct and specific RNA editing. CC were proven to play a key role in providing insightful structural and functional information of complex protein assemblies which could be useful in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Nebli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Ayadi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P. O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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2
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Gonzalez JP, Frandsen KEH, Kesten C. The role of intrinsic disorder in binding of plant microtubule-associated proteins to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:404-436. [PMID: 37578201 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) represent one of the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and support numerous critical cellular functions. MTs are in principle tube-like structures that can grow and shrink in a highly dynamic manner; a process largely controlled by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Plant MAPs are a phylogenetically diverse group of proteins that nonetheless share many common biophysical characteristics and often contain large stretches of intrinsic protein disorder. These intrinsically disordered regions are determinants of many MAP-MT interactions, in which structural flexibility enables low-affinity protein-protein interactions that enable a fine-tuned regulation of MT cytoskeleton dynamics. Notably, intrinsic disorder is one of the major obstacles in functional and structural studies of MAPs and represents the principal present-day challenge to decipher how MAPs interact with MTs. Here, we review plant MAPs from an intrinsic protein disorder perspective, by providing a complete and up-to-date summary of all currently known members, and address the current and future challenges in functional and structural characterization of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Perez Gonzalez
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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3
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Das Laha S, Das D, Ghosh T, Podder S. Enrichment of intrinsically disordered residues in ohnologs facilitates abiotic stress resilience in Brassica rapa. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:239-251. [PMID: 36607467 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa are in the same evolutionary lineage, although the latter experienced an additional whole genome triplication event. Therefore, it would be intriguing to investigate the traits that gene duplication imposes to mediate plant stress tolerance. Here, we noticed that B. rapa abiotic stress resistance (ASR) genes which code at least one stress responsive domain have a significantly higher number of paralogs than A. thaliana. Analysing the disordered content of the ASR genes in both species, we found that intrinsically disordered residues (IDR) are specifically enriched in whole genome duplication (WGD) derived paralogs. Subsequently, domain similarity analysis between WGD pairs of both species has revealed that majority of WGD pairs in B. rapa did not share domains with each other. Furthermore, domain enrichment analysis has shown that B. rapa paralogs contain 36 distinct stress responsive enriched domains, significantly higher than A. thaliana paralogs. Next, we performed MSA to investigate the domain conservation between orthologs and ohnologs pairs, we found that 80.13% of B. rapa ohnologs acquire new domains, depicting the fact that ohnologs play a significant role in stress-related behaviours. The average IDR content of the ohnologs enriching new domains after gene duplication in B. rapa (0.19), is also significantly higher than A. thaliana (0.04). Interestingly, we also found that all of these attributes i.e., exhibiting higher number of WGD paralogs and enhancement of IDR in ASR genes of B. rapa compared to A. thaliana is exclusive for ASR genes only. No such significant differences were observed in randomly selected non-ASR genes between the two species. Together these results provide strong support for the hypothesis that augmentation of IDR content followed by a whole genome duplication event imposes the stress resistance potentiality in B. rapa. This research will shed light on the mechanism of how B. rapa is able to successfully adapt to stress over the evolutionary timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayani Das Laha
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepyaman Das
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapash Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumita Podder
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Bezerra RP, Conniff AS, Uversky VN. Comparative study of structures and functional motifs in lectins from the commercially important photosynthetic microorganisms. Biochimie 2022; 201:63-74. [PMID: 35839918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microorganisms, specifically cyanobacteria and microalgae, can synthesize a vast array of biologically active molecules, such as lectins, that have great potential for various biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, since the structures of these proteins are not well established, likely due to the presence of intrinsically disordered regions, our ability to better understand their functionality is hampered. We embarked on a study of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), amino acidic composition, as well as and functional motifs in lectins from cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira and microalgae Chlorella and Dunaliella genus using a combination of bioinformatics techniques. This search revealed the presence of five distinctive CRD types differently distributed between the genera. Most CRDs displayed a group-specific distribution, except to C. sorokiniana possessing distinctive CRD probably due to its specific lifestyle. We also found that all CRDs contain short IDRs. Bacterial lectin of Arthrospira prokarionte showed lower intrinsic disorder and proline content when compared to the lectins from the eukaryotic microalgae (Chlorella and Dunaliella). Among the important functions predicted in all lectins were several specific motifs, which directly interacts with proteins involved in the cell-cycle control and which may be used for pharmaceutical purposes. Since the aforementioned properties of each type of lectin were investigated in silico, they need experimental confirmation. The results of our study provide an overview of the distribution of CRD, IDRs, and functional motifs within lectin from the commercially important microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Bezerra
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda S Conniff
- Department of Medical Engineering, Morsani College of Medicine and College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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5
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Zeng Q, Liu H, Chu X, Niu Y, Wang C, Markov GV, Teng L. Independent Evolution of the MYB Family in Brown Algae. Front Genet 2022; 12:811993. [PMID: 35186015 PMCID: PMC8854648 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.811993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloblastosis (MYB) proteins represent one of the largest families of eukaryotic transcription factors and regulate important processes in growth and development. Studies on MYBs have mainly focused on animals and plants; however, comprehensive analysis across other supergroups such as SAR (stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians) is lacking. This study characterized the structure, evolution, and expression of MYBs in four brown algae, which comprise the biggest multicellular lineage of SAR. Subfamily 1R-MYB comprised heterogeneous proteins, with fewer conserved motifs found outside the MYB domain. Unlike the SHAQKY subgroup of plant 1R-MYB, THAQKY comprised the largest subgroup of brown algal 1R-MYBs. Unlike the expansion of 2R-MYBs in plants, brown algae harbored more 3R-MYBs than 2R-MYBs. At least ten 2R-MYBs, fifteen 3R-MYBs, and one 6R-MYB orthologs existed in the common ancestor of brown algae. Phylogenetic analysis showed that brown algal MYBs had ancient origins and a diverged evolution. They showed strong affinity with stramenopile species, while not with red algae, green algae, or animals, suggesting that brown algal MYBs did not come from the secondary endosymbiosis of red and green plastids. Sequence comparison among all repeats of the three types of MYB subfamilies revealed that the repeat of 1R-MYBs showed higher sequence identity with the R3 of 2R-MYBs and 3R-MYBs, which supports the idea that 1R-MYB was derived from loss of the first and second repeats of the ancestor MYB. Compared with other species of SAR, brown algal MYB proteins exhibited a higher proportion of intrinsic disordered regions, which might contribute to multicellular evolution. Expression analysis showed that many MYB genes are responsive to different stress conditions and developmental stages. The evolution and expression analyses provided a comprehensive analysis of the phylogeny and functions of MYBs in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Yonggang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Caili Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Gabriel V. Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Linhong Teng
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linhong Teng,
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6
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Yruela I, Moreno-Yruela C, Olsen CA. Zn 2+-Dependent Histone Deacetylases in Plants: Structure and Evolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:741-757. [PMID: 33461867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zn2+-dependent histone deacetylases are widely distributed in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Through deacetylation of histones and other biomolecules, these enzymes regulate mammalian gene expression, microtubule stability, and polyamine metabolism. In plants, they play essential roles in development and stress response, but little is known about their biochemistry. We provide here a holistic revision of plant histone deacetylase (HDA) phylogeny and translate recent lessons from other organisms. HDA evolution correlates with a gain of structural ductility/disorder, as observed for other proteins. We also highlight two recently identified Brassicaceae-specific HDAs, as well as unprecedented key mutations that would affect the catalytic activity of individual HDAs. This revised phylogeny will contextualize future studies and illuminate research on plant development and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Computational Biology (GBsC), Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR) Joint Unit to CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carlos Moreno-Yruela
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Shao H, Huang W, Avilan L, Receveur-Bréchot V, Puppo C, Puppo R, Lebrun R, Gontero B, Launay H. A new type of flexible CP12 protein in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:38. [PMID: 33761918 PMCID: PMC7992989 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CP12 is a small chloroplast protein that is widespread in various photosynthetic organisms and is an actor of the redox signaling pathway involved in the regulation of the Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle. The gene encoding this protein is conserved in many diatoms, but the protein has been overlooked in these organisms, despite their ecological importance and their complex and still enigmatic evolutionary background. Methods A combination of biochemical, bioinformatics and biophysical methods including electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small X ray scattering, was used to characterize a diatom CP12. Results Here, we demonstrate that CP12 is expressed in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana constitutively in dark-treated and in continuous light-treated cells as well as in all growth phases. This CP12 similarly to its homologues in other species has some features of intrinsically disorder protein family: it behaves abnormally under gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography, has a high net charge and a bias amino acid composition. By contrast, unlike other known CP12 proteins that are monomers, this protein is a dimer as suggested by native electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and small angle X-ray scattering. In addition, small angle X-ray scattering revealed that this CP12 is an elongated cylinder with kinks. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that CP12 has a high content of α-helices, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested that these helices are unstable and dynamic within a millisecond timescale. Together with in silico predictions, these results suggest that T. pseudonana CP12 has both coiled coil and disordered regions. Conclusions These findings bring new insights into the large family of dynamic proteins containing disordered regions, thus increasing the diversity of known CP12 proteins. As it is a protein that is more abundant in many stresses, it is not devoted to one metabolism and in particular, it is not specific to carbon metabolism. This raises questions about the role of this protein in addition to the well-established regulation of the CBB cycle. Choregraphy of metabolism by CP12 proteins in Viridiplantae and Heterokonta. While the monomeric CP12 in Viridiplantae is involved in carbon assimilation, regulating phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) through the formation of a ternary complex, in Heterokonta studied so far, the dimeric CP12 is associated with Ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) and GAPDH. The Viridiplantae CP12 can bind metal ions and can be a chaperone, the Heterokonta CP12 is more abundant in all stresses (C, N, Si, P limited conditions) and is not specific to a metabolism. ![]()
Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00718-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Univ, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Wenmin Huang
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Univ, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Luisana Avilan
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Univ, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France.,Centre for Enzyme Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | | | - Carine Puppo
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Univ, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Rémy Puppo
- CNRS FR 3479, Plate-Forme Protéomique de L'Institut de Microbiologie de La Méditerranée (IMM), Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Régine Lebrun
- CNRS FR 3479, Plate-Forme Protéomique de L'Institut de Microbiologie de La Méditerranée (IMM), Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Univ, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Hélène Launay
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Univ, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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8
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Gao C, Ma C, Wang H, Zhong H, Zang J, Zhong R, He F, Yang D. Intrinsic disorder in protein domains contributes to both organism complexity and clade-specific functions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2985. [PMID: 33542394 PMCID: PMC7862400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interestingly, some protein domains are intrinsically disordered (abbreviated as IDD), and the disorder degree of same domains may differ in different contexts. However, the evolutionary causes and biological significance of these phenomena are unclear. Here, we address these issues by genome-wide analyses of the evolutionary and functional features of IDDs in 1,870 species across the three superkingdoms. As the result, there is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of IDDs and organism complexity with some interesting exceptions. These phenomena may be due to the high disorder of clade-specific domains and the different disorder degrees of the domains shared in different clades. The functions of IDDs are clade-specific and the higher proportion of post-translational modification sites may contribute to their complex functions. Compared with metazoans, fungi have more IDDs with a consecutive disorder region but a low disorder ratio, which reflects their different functional requirements. As for disorder variation, it’s greater for domains among different proteins than those within the same proteins. Some clade-specific ‘no-variation’ or ‘high-variation’ domains are involved in clade-specific functions. In sum, intrinsic domain disorder is related to both the organism complexity and clade-specific functions. These results deepen the understanding of the evolution and function of IDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Huqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haolin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiayin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Pereira-Santana A, Reyes-Hernández SJ, Cerqueda-García D, Castaño E, Rodríguez-Zapata LC. Towards an understanding of the role of intrinsic protein disorder on plant adaptation to environmental challenges. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:141-150. [PMID: 32902806 PMCID: PMC7736417 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic protein disorder is an interesting structural feature where fully functional proteins lack a three-dimensional structure in solution. In this work, we estimated the relative content of intrinsic protein disorder in 96 plant proteomes including monocots and eudicots. In this analysis, we found variation in the relative abundance of intrinsic protein disorder among these major clades; the relative level of disorder is higher in monocots than eudicots. In turn, there is an inverse relationship between the degree of intrinsic protein disorder and protein length, with smaller proteins being more disordered. The relative abundance of amino acids depends on intrinsic disorder and also varies among clades. Within the nucleus, intrinsically disordered proteins are more abundant than ordered proteins. Intrinsically disordered proteins are specialized in regulatory functions, nucleic acid binding, RNA processing, and in response to environmental stimuli. The implications of this on plants' responses to their environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, Número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- División de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajio, C.P. 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
- Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandi Julissa Reyes-Hernández
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, Número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional- Unidad Mérida, Carr. Mérida - Progreso, colonia Loma Bonita, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castaño
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, Número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, Número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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10
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The functional diversity of structural disorder in plant proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 680:108229. [PMID: 31870661 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural disorder in proteins is a widespread feature distributed in all domains of life, particularly abundant in eukaryotes, including plants. In these organisms, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) perform a diversity of functions, participating as integrators of signaling networks, in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, in metabolic control, in stress responses and in the formation of biomolecular condensates by liquid-liquid phase separation. Their roles impact the perception, propagation and control of various developmental and environmental cues, as well as the plant defense against abiotic and biotic adverse conditions. In this review, we focus on primary processes to exhibit a broad perspective of the relevance of IDPs in plant cell functions. The information here might help to incorporate this knowledge into a more dynamic view of plant cells, as well as open more questions and promote new ideas for a better understanding of plant life.
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11
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Draceni Y, Pechmann S. Pervasive convergent evolution and extreme phenotypes define chaperone requirements of protein homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20009-20014. [PMID: 31527276 PMCID: PMC6778244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904611116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining protein homeostasis is an essential requirement for cell and organismal viability. An elaborate regulatory system within cells, the protein homeostasis network, safeguards that proteins are correctly folded and functional. At the heart of this regulatory system lies a class of specialized protein quality control enzymes called chaperones that are tasked with assisting proteins in their folding, avoiding aggregation and degradation. Failure and decline of protein homeostasis are directly associated with conditions of aging and aging-related neurodegeneration. However, it is not clear what tips the balance of protein homeostasis and leads to onset of aging and diseases. Here, using a comparative genomics approach we report general principles of maintaining protein homeostasis across the eukaryotic tree of life. Expanding a previous study of 16 eukaryotes to the quantitative analysis of 216 eukaryotic genomes, we find a strong correlation between the composition of eukaryotic chaperone networks and genome complexity that is distinct for different species kingdoms. Organisms with pronounced phenotypes clearly buck this trend. Northobranchius furzeri, the shortest-lived vertebrate and a widely used model for fragile protein homeostasis, is found to be chaperone limited while Heterocephalus glaber as the longest-lived rodent and thus an especially robust organism is characterized by above-average numbers of chaperones. Strikingly, the relative size of chaperone networks is found to generally correlate with longevity in Metazoa. Our results thus indicate that the balance in protein homeostasis may be a key variable in explaining organismal robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Draceni
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sebastian Pechmann
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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12
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Launay H, Receveur-Bréchot V, Carrière F, Gontero B. Orchestration of algal metabolism by protein disorder. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108070. [PMID: 31408624 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are proteins that provide many functional advantages in a large number of metabolic and signalling pathways. Because of their high flexibility that endows them with pressure-, heat- and acid-resistance, IDPs are valuable metabolic regulators that help algae to cope with extreme conditions of pH, temperature, pressure and light. They have, however, been overlooked in these organisms. In this review, we present some well-known algal IDPs, including the conditionally disordered CP12, a protein involved in the regulation of CO2 assimilation, as probably the best known example, whose disorder content is strongly dependent on the redox conditions, and the essential pyrenoid component 1 that serves as a scaffold for ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. We also describe how some enzymes are regulated by protein regions, called intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), such as ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, the A2B2 form of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the adenylate kinase. Several molecular chaperones, which are crucial for cell proteostasis, also display significant disorder propensities such as the algal heat shock proteins HSP33, HSP70 and HSP90. This review confirms the wide distribution of IDPs in algae but highlights that further studies are needed to uncover their full role in orchestrating algal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Launay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille Cedex 20, 13402, France
| | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille Cedex 20, 13402, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille Cedex 20, 13402, France.
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13
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Pereira-Santana A, Reyes-Hernández SJ, Castaño E, Rodríguez-Zapata LC. Global Dynamics in Protein Disorder during Maize Seed Development. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070502. [PMID: 31262071 PMCID: PMC6678312 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic protein disorder is a physicochemical attribute of some proteins lacking tridimensional structure and is collectively known as intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Interestingly, several IDPs have been associated with protective functions in plants and with their response to external stimuli. To correlate the modulation of the IDPs content with the developmental progression in seed, we describe the expression of transcripts according to the disorder content of the proteins that they codify during seed development, from the early embryogenesis to the beginning of the desiccation tolerance acquisition stage. We found that the total expression profile of transcripts encoding for structured proteins is highly increased during middle phase. However, the relative content of protein disorder is increased as seed development progresses. We identified several intrinsically disordered transcription factors that seem to play important roles throughout seed development. On the other hand, we detected a gene cluster encoding for IDPs at the end of the late phase, which coincides with the beginning of the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. In conclusion, the expression pattern of IDPs is highly dependent on the developmental stage, and there is a general reduction in the expression of transcripts encoding for structured proteins as seed development progresses. We proposed maize seeds as a model to study the regulation of protein disorder in plant development and its involvement in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del estado de Jalisco. División de Biotecnología Industrial. Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío, Zapopan, Jalisco. C.P. 45019
| | - Sandi Julissa Reyes-Hernández
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castaño
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, número 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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14
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Yruela I, Contreras-Moreira B, Dunker AK, Niklas KJ. Evolution of Protein Ductility in Duplicated Genes of Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1216. [PMID: 30177944 PMCID: PMC6109787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that ductile/intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and residues (IDRs) are found in all unicellular and multicellular organisms, wherein they are essential for basic cellular functions and complement the function of rigid proteins. In addition, computational studies of diverse phylogenetic lineages have revealed: (1) that protein ductility increases in concert with organismic complexity, and (2) that distributions of IDPs and IDRs along the chromosomes of plant species are non-random and correlate with variations in the rates of the genetic recombination and chromosomal rearrangement. Here, we show that approximately 50% of aligned residues in paralogs across a spectrum of algae, bryophytes, monocots, and eudicots are IDRs and that a high proportion (ca. 60%) are in disordered segments greater than 30 residues. When three types of IDRs are distinguished (i.e., identical, similar and variable IDRs) we find that species with large numbers of chromosome and endoduplicated genes exhibit paralogous sequences with a higher frequency of identical IDRs, whereas species with small chromosomes numbers exhibit paralogous sequences with a higher frequency of similar and variable IDRs. These results are interpreted to indicate that genome duplication events influence the distribution of IDRs along protein sequences and likely favor the presence of identical IDRs (compared to similar IDRs or variable IDRs). We discuss the evolutionary implications of gene duplication events in the context of ductile/disordered residues and segments, their conservation, and their effects on functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology, Joint Unit to CSIC, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bruno Contreras-Moreira
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology, Joint Unit to CSIC, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A. Keith Dunker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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15
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Zhang Y, Launay H, Schramm A, Lebrun R, Gontero B. Exploring intrinsically disordered proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6805. [PMID: 29717210 PMCID: PMC5931566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is related to organism complexity, evolution, and regulation. In the Plantae, despite their high complexity, experimental investigation of IDP content is lacking. We identified by mass spectrometry 682 heat-resistant proteins from the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using a phosphoproteome database, we found that 331 of these proteins are targets of phosphorylation. We analyzed the flexibility propensity of the heat-resistant proteins and their specific features as well as those of predicted IDPs from the same organism. Their mean percentage of disorder was about 20%. Most of the IDPs (~70%) were addressed to other compartments than mitochondrion and chloroplast. Their amino acid composition was biased compared to other classic IDPs. Their molecular functions were diverse; the predominant ones were nucleic acid binding and unfolded protein binding and the less abundant one was catalytic activity. The most represented proteins were ribosomal proteins, proteins associated to flagella, chaperones and histones. We also found CP12, the only experimental IDP from C. reinhardtii that is referenced in disordered protein database. This is the first experimental investigation of IDPs in C. reinhardtii that also combines in silico analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13402, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - Hélène Launay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13402, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | | | - Régine Lebrun
- Plate-forme Protéomique, Marseille Protéomique (MaP), IBiSA labeled, IMM, FR 3479, CNRS, B.P. 71, 13402, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13402, Marseille, Cedex 20, France.
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16
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Classification of Complete Proteomes of Different Organisms and Protein Sets Based on Their Protein Distributions in Terms of Some Key Attributes of Proteins. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:9784161. [PMID: 29686995 PMCID: PMC5857298 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9784161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of complete genome sequences makes it important to develop different approaches for classification of large-scale data sets and to make extraction of biological insights easier. Here, we propose an approach for classification of complete proteomes/protein sets based on protein distributions on some basic attributes. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by determining protein distributions in terms of two attributes: protein lengths and protein intrinsic disorder contents (ID). The protein distributions based on L and ID are surveyed for representative proteome organisms and protein sets from the three domains of life. The two-dimensional maps (designated as fingerprints here) from the protein distribution densities in the LD space defined by ln(L) and ID are then constructed. The fingerprints for different organisms and protein sets are found to be distinct with each other, and they can therefore be used for comparative studies. As a test case, phylogenetic trees have been constructed based on the protein distribution densities in the fingerprints of proteomes of organisms without performing any protein sequence comparison and alignments. The phylogenetic trees generated are biologically meaningful, demonstrating that the protein distributions in the LD space may serve as unique phylogenetic signals of the organisms at the proteome level.
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17
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Yruela I, Oldfield CJ, Niklas KJ, Dunker AK. Evidence for a Strong Correlation Between Transcription Factor Protein Disorder and Organismic Complexity. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1248-1265. [PMID: 28430951 PMCID: PMC5434936 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of diverse phylogenetic lineages reveal that protein disorder increases in concert with organismic complexity but that differences nevertheless exist among lineages. To gain insight into this phenomenology, we analyzed all of the transcription factor (TF) families for which sequences are known for 17 species spanning bacteria, yeast, algae, land plants, and animals and for which the number of different cell types has been reported in the primary literature. Although the fraction of disordered residues in TF sequences is often moderately or poorly correlated with organismic complexity as gauged by cell-type number (r2 < 0.5), an unbiased and phylogenetically broad analysis shows that organismic complexity is positively and strongly correlated with the total number of TFs, the number of their spliced variants and their total disordered residues content (r2 > 0.8). Furthermore, the correlation between the fraction of disordered residues and cell-type number becomes stronger when confined to the TF families participating in cell cycle, cell size, cell division, cell differentiation, or cell proliferation, and other important developmental processes. The data also indicate that evolutionarily simpler organisms allow for the detection of subtle differences in the conserved IDRs of TFs as well as changes in variable IDRs, which can influence the DNA recognition and multifunctionality of TFs through direct or indirect mechanisms. Although strong correlations cannot be taken as evidence for cause-and-effect relationships, we interpret our data to indicate that increasing TF disorder likely was an important factor contributing to the evolution of organismic complexity and not merely a concurrent unrelated effect of increasing organismic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.,Grupo de Bioquímica, Biofísica y Biología Computacional (BIFI, UNIZAR), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christopher J Oldfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - A Keith Dunker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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18
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Covarrubias AA, Cuevas-Velazquez CL, Romero-Pérez PS, Rendón-Luna DF, Chater CCC. Structural disorder in plant proteins: where plasticity meets sessility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3119-3147. [PMID: 28643166 PMCID: PMC11107788 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms. This intriguing nature provokes the question of how they survive despite the continual perturbations caused by their constantly changing environment. The large amount of knowledge accumulated to date demonstrates the fascinating dynamic and plastic mechanisms, which underpin the diverse strategies selected in plants in response to the fluctuating environment. This phenotypic plasticity requires an efficient integration of external cues to their growth and developmental programs that can only be achieved through the dynamic and interactive coordination of various signaling networks. Given the versatility of intrinsic structural disorder within proteins, this feature appears as one of the leading characters of such complex functional circuits, critical for plant adaptation and survival in their wild habitats. In this review, we present information of those intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) from plants for which their high level of predicted structural disorder has been correlated with a particular function, or where there is experimental evidence linking this structural feature with its protein function. Using examples of plant IDPs involved in the control of cell cycle, metabolism, hormonal signaling and regulation of gene expression, development and responses to stress, we demonstrate the critical importance of IDPs throughout the life of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra A Covarrubias
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Cesar L Cuevas-Velazquez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Paulette S Romero-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - David F Rendón-Luna
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Caspar C C Chater
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62250, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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19
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Yruela I, Contreras-Moreira B, Magalhães C, Osório NS, Gonzalo-Asensio J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Exhibits Lineage-Specific Variations Affecting Protein Ductility and Epitope Recognition. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 8:3751-3764. [PMID: 28062754 PMCID: PMC5521731 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of whole-genome sequencing has provided an unprecedented detail about the evolution and genetic significance of species-specific variations across the whole Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. However, little attention has been focused on understanding the functional roles of these variations in the protein coding sequences. In this work, we compare the coding sequences from 74 sequenced mycobacterial species including M. africanum, M. bovis, M. canettii, M. caprae, M. orygis, and M. tuberculosis. Results show that albeit protein variations affect all functional classes, those proteins involved in lipid and intermediary metabolism and respiration have accumulated mutations during evolution. To understand the impact of these mutations on protein functionality, we explored their implications on protein ductility/disorder, a yet unexplored feature of mycobacterial proteomes. In agreement with previous studies, we found that a Gly71Ile substitution in the PhoPR virulence system severely affects the ductility of its nearby region in M. africanum and animal-adapted species. In the same line of evidence, the SmtB transcriptional regulator shows amino acid variations specific to the Beijing lineage, which affects the flexibility of the N-terminal trans-activation domain. Furthermore, despite the fact that MTBC epitopes are evolutionary hyperconserved, we identify strain- and lineage-specific amino acid mutations affecting previously known T-cell epitopes such as EsxH and FbpA (Ag85A). Interestingly, in silico studies reveal that these variations result in differential interaction of epitopes with the main HLA haplogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.,Grupo de Bioquímica, Biofísica y Biología Computacional (BIFI, UNIZAR), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bruno Contreras-Moreira
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.,Grupo de Bioquímica, Biofísica y Biología Computacional (BIFI, UNIZAR), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Aragón, Spain
| | - Carlos Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno S Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jesús Gonzalo-Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI-UNIZAR), Zaragoza, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, ISS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Sena L, Uversky VN. Comparison of the intrinsic disorder propensities of the RuBisCO activase enzyme from the motile and non-motile oceanic green microalgae. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2016; 4:e1253526. [PMID: 28232899 PMCID: PMC5314929 DOI: 10.1080/21690707.2016.1253526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Green oceanic microalgae are efficient converters of solar energy into the biomass via the photosynthesis process, with the first step of carbon fixation in the photosynthesis being controlled by the enzyme ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), which is a large proteinaceous machine composed of large (L, 52 kDa) and small (S, 12 kDa) subunits arranged as a L8S8 hexadecamer that catalyzes the formation of 2 phosphoglyceric acid molecules from one ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) molecule and one of carbon dioxide (CO2) and that is considered as the most abundant protein on Earth. The catalytic efficiency of this protein is controlled by the RuBisCO activase (RCA) that interacts with RuBisCO and promotes the CO2 entrance to the active site of RuBisCO by removing RuBP. One of the peculiar features of RCA is the presence of functional disordered tails that might play a role in RCA-RuBisCO interaction. Based on their ability to move, microalgae are grouped into 2 major class, motile and non-motile. Motile microalgae have an obvious advantage over their non-motile counterparts because of their ability to actively migrate within the water column to find the most optimal environmental conditions. We hypothesizes that the RCA could be functionally different in the non-motile and motile microalgae. To check this hypothesis, we conducted a comparative computational analysis of the RCAs from the representatives of the non-motile (Ostreococcus tauri) and motile (Tetraselmis sp. GSL018) green oceanic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Yruela I. Plant development regulation: Overview and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 182:62-78. [PMID: 26056993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant development, as occur in other eukaryotes, is conducted through a complex network of hormones, transcription factors, enzymes and micro RNAs, among other cellular components. They control developmental processes such as embryo, apical root and shoot meristem, leaf, flower, or seed formation, among others. The research in these topics has been very active in last decades. Recently, an explosion of new data concerning regulation mechanisms as well as the response of these processes to environmental changes has emerged. Initially, most of investigations were carried out in the model eudicot Arabidopsis but currently data from other plant species are available in the literature, although they are still limited. The aim of this review is focused on summarize the main molecular actors involved in plant development regulation in diverse plant species. A special attention will be given to the major families of genes and proteins participating in these regulatory mechanisms. The information on the regulatory pathways where they participate will be briefly cited. Additionally, the importance of certain structural features of such proteins that confer ductility and flexibility to these mechanisms will also be reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputacióon y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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22
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Thieulin-Pardo G, Avilan L, Kojadinovic M, Gontero B. Fairy "tails": flexibility and function of intrinsically disordered extensions in the photosynthetic world. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:23. [PMID: 26042223 PMCID: PMC4436894 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs), or protein fragments also called Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs), display high flexibility as the result of their amino acid composition. They can adopt multiple roles. In globular proteins, IDRs are usually found as loops and linkers between secondary structure elements. However, not all disordered fragments are loops: some proteins bear an intrinsically disordered extension at their C- or N-terminus, and this flexibility can affect the protein as a whole. In this review, we focus on the disordered N- and C-terminal extensions of globular proteins from photosynthetic organisms. Using the examples of the A2B2-GAPDH and the α Rubisco activase isoform, we show that intrinsically disordered extensions can help regulate their “host” protein in response to changes in light, thereby participating in photosynthesis regulation. As IDPs are famous for their large number of protein partners, we used the examples of the NAC, bZIP, TCP, and GRAS transcription factor families to illustrate the fact that intrinsically disordered extremities can allow a protein to have an increased number of partners, which directly affects its regulation. Finally, for proteins from the cryptochrome light receptor family, we describe how a new role for the photolyase proteins may emerge by the addition of an intrinsically disordered extension, while still allowing the protein to absorb blue light. This review has highlighted the diverse repercussions of the disordered extension on the regulation and function of their host protein and outlined possible future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Thieulin-Pardo
- UMR 7281, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Luisana Avilan
- UMR 7281, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Mila Kojadinovic
- UMR 7281, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- UMR 7281, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
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23
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Dunker AK, Bondos SE, Huang F, Oldfield CJ. Intrinsically disordered proteins and multicellular organisms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 37:44-55. [PMID: 25307499 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions lack stable tertiary structure yet carry out numerous biological functions, especially those associated with signaling, transcription regulation, DNA condensation, cell division, and cellular differentiation. Both post-translational modifications (PTMs) and alternative splicing (AS) expand the functional repertoire of IDPs. Here we propose that an "IDP-based developmental toolkit," which is comprised of IDP regions, PTMs, especially multiple PTMs, within these IDP regions, and AS events within segments of pre-mRNA that code for these same IDP regions, allows functional diversification and environmental responsiveness for molecules that direct the development of complex metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Keith Dunker
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Schools of Medicine and Informatics, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Fei Huang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Schools of Medicine and Informatics, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Christopher J Oldfield
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Schools of Medicine and Informatics, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Marín M, Ott T. Intrinsic disorder in plant proteins and phytopathogenic bacterial effectors. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6912-32. [PMID: 24697726 DOI: 10.1021/cr400488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Marín
- Genetics Institute, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Yruela I, Contreras-Moreira B. Genetic recombination is associated with intrinsic disorder in plant proteomes. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:772. [PMID: 24206529 PMCID: PMC3828576 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrinsically disordered proteins, found in all living organisms, are essential for basic cellular functions and complement the function of ordered proteins. It has been shown that protein disorder is linked to the G + C content of the genome. Furthermore, recent investigations have suggested that the evolutionary dynamics of the plant nucleus adds disordered segments to open reading frames alike, and these segments are not necessarily conserved among orthologous genes. Results In the present work the distribution of intrinsically disordered proteins along the chromosomes of several representative plants was analyzed. The reported results support a non-random distribution of disordered proteins along the chromosomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, two model eudicot and monocot plant species, respectively. In fact, for most chromosomes positive correlations between the frequency of disordered segments of 30+ amino acids and both recombination rates and G + C content were observed. Conclusions These analyses demonstrate that the presence of disordered segments among plant proteins is associated with the rates of genetic recombination of their encoding genes. Altogether, these findings suggest that high recombination rates, as well as chromosomal rearrangements, could induce disordered segments in proteins during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda, Montañana, 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain.
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Pazos F, Pietrosemoli N, García-Martín JA, Solano R. Protein intrinsic disorder in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:363. [PMID: 24062761 PMCID: PMC3770944 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To some extent contradicting the classical paradigm of the relationship between protein 3D structure and function, now it is clear that large portions of the proteomes, especially in higher organisms, lack a fixed structure and still perform very important functions. Proteins completely or partially unstructured in their native (functional) form are involved in key cellular processes underlain by complex networks of protein interactions. The intrinsic conformational flexibility of these disordered proteins allows them to bind multiple partners in transient interactions of high specificity and low affinity. In concordance, in plants this type of proteins has been found in processes requiring these complex and versatile interaction networks. These include transcription factor networks, where disordered proteins act as integrators of different signals or link different transcription factor subnetworks due to their ability to interact (in many cases simultaneously) with different partners. Similarly, they also serve as signal integrators in signaling cascades, such as those related to response to external stimuli. Disordered proteins have also been found in plants in many stress-response processes, acting as protein chaperones or protecting other cellular components and structures. In plants, it is especially important to have complex and versatile networks able to quickly and efficiently respond to changing environmental conditions since these organisms cannot escape and have no other choice than adapting to them. Consequently, protein disorder can play an especially important role in plants, providing them with a fast mechanism to obtain complex, interconnected and versatile molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencio Pazos
- Computational Systems Biology Group, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research CouncilMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Florencio Pazos, Computational Systems Biology Group, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, c/Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain e-mail:
| | - Natalia Pietrosemoli
- Computational Systems Biology Group, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research CouncilMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. García-Martín
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research CouncilMadrid, Spain
- Present address:Juan A. García-Martín, Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Solano
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research CouncilMadrid, Spain
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Pietrosemoli N, García-Martín JA, Solano R, Pazos F. Genome-wide analysis of protein disorder in Arabidopsis thaliana: implications for plant environmental adaptation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55524. [PMID: 23408995 PMCID: PMC3567104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/Regions (IDPs/IDRs) are currently recognized as a widespread phenomenon having key cellular functions. Still, many aspects of the function of these proteins need to be unveiled. IDPs conformational flexibility allows them to recognize and interact with multiple partners, and confers them larger interaction surfaces that may increase interaction speed. For this reason, molecular interactions mediated by IDPs/IDRs are particularly abundant in certain types of protein interactions, such as those of signaling and cell cycle control. We present the first large-scale study of IDPs in Arabidopsis thaliana, the most widely used model organism in plant biology, in order to get insight into the biological roles of these proteins in plants. The work includes a comparative analysis with the human proteome to highlight the differential use of disorder in both species. Results show that while human proteins are in general more disordered, certain functional classes, mainly related to environmental response, are significantly more enriched in disorder in Arabidopsis. We propose that because plants cannot escape from environmental conditions as animals do, they use disorder as a simple and fast mechanism, independent of transcriptional control, for introducing versatility in the interaction networks underlying these biological processes so that they can quickly adapt and respond to challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pietrosemoli
- Computational System Biology Group, National Centre for Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
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