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Madsen KR, Damsgaard MT, Petersen K, Qualter P, Holstein BE. Bullying at School, Cyberbullying, and Loneliness: National Representative Study of Adolescents in Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:414. [PMID: 38673326 PMCID: PMC11050631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to examine how loneliness was associated with bullying victimization at school and online. METHODS We used data from the Danish arm of the international Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2022. The study population was a nationally representative sample of 11-15-year-olds who completed the internationally standardized HBSC questionnaire at school, n = 5382. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to study the associations between bullying victimization and loneliness. RESULTS The prevalence of reporting loneliness often or very often was 9.0%; 6.3% of the sample experienced habitual bullying victimization at school, and 4.8% incurred cyberbullying. There was a strong and graded association between loneliness and bullying victimization at school and cyberbullying. The associations were significant for boys and girls, and the association between exposure to bullying at school and loneliness was steeper for boys than girls. The gradients were steeper for physical bullying than for cyberbullying. Students exposed to habitual bullying in both contexts had an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 11.21 (6.99-17.98) for loneliness. CONCLUSION Exposure to bullying at school and cyberbullying are strongly associated with loneliness. It is important to reduce bullying at school and on the internet and to promote effective interventions to reduce continuing loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Rich Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Mogens Trab Damsgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (M.T.D.)
| | | | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 5AN, UK;
| | - Bjørn E. Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (M.T.D.)
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Paoletti J, Phetmisy CN, Lai VD, Fagundes CP. Perceived income inadequacy is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus latency and mental health outcomes in informal caregivers who are also employed in the healthcare industry. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106388. [PMID: 37729703 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Finances are a prevalent source of stress. In a sample of 799 nursing home workers measured multiple times over 18 months, we found that higher perceived income inadequacy, the perception that one's expenses exceeds one's incomes, was associated with poorer self-reported mental health indicators and Epstein-Barr Virus antibody titers (a marker of cell-mediated immune function). Perceived income inadequacy predicted outcomes over and above the role of other socioeconomic status variables (objective household income and education). Mental health variables were not related to Epstein-Barr Virus antibody titers. Additionally, we found an interaction between perceived income inadequacy and informal caregiver status on our mental health outcomes; informal caregivers with higher perceived income inadequacy had poorer mental health than non-caregivers with the same perceived income inadequacy. Our findings may add nuance to the reserve capacity model, which states that those at lower socioeconomic levels are at higher risk of adverse health outcomes partly because they have fewer resources to address demands and strain. Perceived income inadequacy may significantly predict mental and physical well-being beyond other socioeconomic status variables, especially among lower-income employees. Caregiving stress and perceived income inadequacy may have synergistic effects on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Rice University, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, USA
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3
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Wahlström J, Magnusson C, Svensson J, Låftman SB. Problematic familial alcohol use and adolescent outcomes: Do associations differ by parental education? NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2023; 40:606-624. [PMID: 38045008 PMCID: PMC10688401 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231157152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the associations between problematic familial alcohol use and adolescent subjective health, binge drinking, relationships with parents, school performance, and future orientation, and to study whether these associations differ in relation to parental education. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Stockholm School Survey (SSS) collected among students in the 9th and 11th grades in 2018 and in 2020 were used (n = 19,415). Subjective health, parent-youth relationships, and school performance were coded as continuous variables; binge drinking and future orientation were coded as binary variables. Familial drinking included three categories: problematic; don't know/missing; and not problematic. Parental university education distinguished between adolescents with two, one, or no university-educated parent(s). Control variables included gender, grade, family structure, migration background, parental unemployment, and survey year. Linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Problematic familial alcohol use was associated with worsened subjective health, a higher likelihood of engaging in binge drinking, worse relationships with parents, and a higher likelihood of having a pessimistic future orientation, even when adjusting for all control variables. Having less than two university-educated parents was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting problematic familial alcohol use. Parental university education moderated the association between problematic familial alcohol use and binge drinking as this relationship was stronger for adolescents with no and one university-educated parent(s). Conclusions: Adolescents with problematic familial alcohol use fared worse with regards to all studied outcomes, except for school performance. Parental university education only moderated the association between problematic familial alcohol use and binge drinking. However, since problematic familial alcohol use was more common among adolescents with less than two university-educated parents, we argue that at the group level, this category may be more negatively affected by alcohol abuse in the family. Policy interventions could benefit from having a socioeconomic perspective on how children are affected by alcohol's harms to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Wahlström
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Magnusson
- Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang S, Cheah CSL, Zong X, Ren H. Parental Stress and Chinese American Preschoolers' Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Parenting. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:562. [PMID: 37504009 PMCID: PMC10376296 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Family contexts, such as parental stress and parenting practices, play critical roles in preschoolers' adjustment. However, these processes have been understudied in Chinese American families. The present study examined the associations between Chinese American mothers' experiences of two types of stress (i.e., general/contextual stress and parenting stress) and their preschoolers' socio-emotional and behavioral adjustment problems; in addition, the mediating roles of maternal psychologically controlling parenting and maternal warmth in these associations were assessed. Participants included 207 first-generation Chinese American mothers (Mage = 37.78 years, SDage = 4.36) and their 3- to 6-year-old children (Mage = 4.50 years, SDage = 0.90; 52% boys). Mothers reported on their levels of stress, psychologically controlling parenting, and warmth practices; teachers reported on child adjustment in the school setting. The results revealed that higher levels of general/contextual stress and parenting stress were each uniquely associated with more maternal psychologically controlling parenting practices, which in turn was associated with fewer socio-emotional and behavioral adjustment problems in children. Our findings can inform parenting intervention programs designed to improve Chinese American preschoolers' adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charissa S. L. Cheah
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; (S.W.); (X.Z.); (H.R.)
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5
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Bonnesen CT, Thygesen LC, Rod NH, Toftager M, Madsen KR, Jensen MP, Rosing JA, Wehner SK, Due P, Krølner RF. Preventing Stress among High School Students in Denmark through the Multicomponent Healthy High School Intervention-The Effectiveness at First Follow-Up. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1754. [PMID: 36767122 PMCID: PMC9914335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a widespread phenomenon and young people especially are experiencing high levels of stress. School-related factors are the most frequently self-reported stressors among adolescents, but few interventions have targeted the school environment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Healthy High School (HHS) intervention on stress at a 9-month follow-up. The study included 5201 first-year high school students (~16 years) in Denmark. Participating schools were randomized into the HHS intervention (N = 15) or control group (N = 15). Baseline measurements were conducted in August 2016 and the follow-up was conducted in May 2017. The intervention was designed to promote well-being (primary outcome) by focusing on physical activity, meals, sleep, sense of security, and stress (secondary outcomes). The intervention comprised: structural initiatives at the school level; a teaching material; peer-led innovation workshops; and a smartphone app. The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure stress. Intervention effects on perceived stress were estimated using an intention-to-treat approach with multiple imputations of missing data and multilevel general linear regression modelling. A total of 4577 students answered the baseline questionnaire. No statistically significant difference was found in stress between students at intervention and control schools at the follow-up (mean score: 16.7 versus 16.7, adjusted b = 0.42, 95% CI: -0.16;1.00). The HHS Study is one of the first large randomized controlled trials targeting school environmental stressors. Potential implementation failures and the failures of the program theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Toftager
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Katrine Rich Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Pil Jensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Aviaja Rosing
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Kjær Wehner
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6, 12, and 24 months of age in preterm infants with very low birth weights in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1804-1812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark: trends 1991-2018 and association with socioeconomic status. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:691-699. [PMID: 34529135 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic backpain among adolescents is important because the prevalence is high, above 10%, and more than 10% of all adolescents experience impacts on important day-to-day activities. Chronic backpain tracks into adulthood and is associated with several health problems. The objective was to study trends in the prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents 1991-2018, to examine the association with socioeconomic status (SES), and whether this association changed over time. The study used data from eight comparable cross-sectional school surveys of nationally representative samples of 11-15-year-olds in 1991, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018, which constitute the Danish arm of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The participation rate was 74.6% of the eligible study population, n = 29,952. Chronic backpain was defined as self-reported backpain daily or several days a week during the last 6 months. The prevalence of chronic backpain was 11.1%, significantly increasing from 8.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2018. The OR for chronic backpain was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.10-1.31) in middle, and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.41-1.73) in low compared to high SES. Sensitivity analyses with two other cut-points for backpain frequency showed similar associations.Conclusion: Chronic backpain is common among adolescents and the prevalence increased from 1991 to 2018. The prevalence was highest in lower SES families. We recommend increased efforts to prevent chronic backpain. What is Known: • Chronic backpain among adolescents is common, has a high burden of disability, is associated with several health problems, and tracks into adulthood. What is New: • The prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark increased from 8.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2018. • The prevalence was highest among adolescents from lower SES families.
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Rasmussen M, Damsgaard MT, Morgen CS, Kierkegaard L, Toftager M, Rosenwein SV, Krølner RF, Due P, Holstein BE. Trends in social inequality in overweight and obesity among adolescents in Denmark 1998-2018. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:607-616. [PMID: 32076738 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyze trends in overweight and obesity in relation to socioeconomic position among Danish adolescents in the 20-year period 1998-2018. METHODS The study used data on self-reported height and weight and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from 11-, 13- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018, n = 22,177. The analyses included absolute social inequality in overweight/obesity (prevalence difference between low and high OSC) and relative social inequality (OR for overweight/obesity). RESULTS In the total sample, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.7% and 1.4%, respectively, with significantly higher prevalence in low than high OSC. There were significantly increasing trends in both overweight and obesity 1998-2018 in low OSC and no significant increase in high OSC. The OR for overweight was 1.59 (1.42-1.74) in middle and 2.16 (1.89-2.46) in low OSC, OR for obesity 1.74 (1.29-2.34) in middle and 2.97 (2.15-4.11) in low OSC. Associations were not modified by survey year. CONCLUSIONS There was a persistent absolute and relative social inequality in overweight and obesity 1998-2018 among Danish adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rasmussen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Trab Damsgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Schmidt Morgen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Kierkegaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Toftager
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Vork Rosenwein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fredenslund Krølner
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Evald Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Adolphus K, Lawton CL, Dye L. Associations Between Habitual School-Day Breakfast Consumption Frequency and Academic Performance in British Adolescents. Front Public Health 2019; 7:283. [PMID: 31824903 PMCID: PMC6879673 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that breakfast positively affects learning in children. The present study aimed to examine associations between habitual school-day breakfast consumption frequency and academic performance, as measured by the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). The GCSE is a national academic qualification obtained by most British children during secondary education. Adolescents aged 16-18 years (n = 294; females: 77.2%) completed a retrospective 7-day food diary to report breakfast intake and a questionnaire to report GCSE grades. Breakfast was defined as any food or drink containing ≥5% of total energy expenditure (TEE) consumed up to 10:00 a.m. on school days. Habitual weekly school-day breakfast consumption frequency was categorized as rare (0-1 school days), occasional (2-3 school days), or frequent (4-5 school days). GCSE grades were aggregated into point scores and linear regression models were applied. Participants' GCSE grades in Mathematics and English were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Adolescents who rarely consumed breakfast on school days had a significantly lower capped point score (β = -0.13, p < 0.05) and mean point score (β = -0.14, p < 0.05) compared with frequent consumers. Low/middle socio-economic status (SES) adolescents who rarely consumed breakfast were significantly less likely to achieve higher Mathematics grades compared to low/middle SES adolescents who frequently consumed breakfast [adjusted cumulative odds ratio (OR): 0.35 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-0.72]. This cross-sectional study demonstrates that habitual school-day breakfast consumption amongst adolescents is a significant correlate of GCSE attainment. The results offer promising associative evidence which warrants further exploration in well controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Adolphus
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Lawton
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Shackleton N, Milne BJ, Jerrim J. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adolescent Substance Use: Evidence From Twenty-Four European Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1044-1049. [PMID: 30648460 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1549080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in some adolescent substance use behaviors, there is limited information on how socioeconomic inequalities compare across European countries and over time. OBJECTIVES To compare socioeconomic inequalities in problematic adolescent substance use (regular smoking, heavy episodic drinking, and cannabis use) across 24 European countries at two time points. METHODS We use the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) to examine socioeconomic inequalities in problematic adolescent substance use across 24 European countries in 2007 (n = 73,877) and 2011 (n = 71,060) using within country logistic regressions. Socioeconomic inequalities are measured using a relative index of inequality based on highest level of parental education relative to country of residence within survey year. Countries are ranked according to socioeconomic differentials. RESULTS In 2007, lower socioeconomic status (SES) adolescents had significantly higher odds of heavy episodic drinking in 10 countries, regular smoking in 12 countries, and recent cannabis use in 1 country. In 2011, the number of countries were 11, 15, and 0, respectively. In 2007, lower SES adolescents had a significantly lower odds of heavy episodic drinking in one country, regular smoking in one country, and cannabis use in four countries. In 2011, the number of countries were two, one, and six, respectively. There was little evidence for changes in socioeconomic inequalities over time. CONCLUSIONS There are large country level differences in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Shackleton
- a Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences (COMPASS) , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Barry John Milne
- a Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences (COMPASS) , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - John Jerrim
- b Centre for Quantitative Social Science, Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of Education , University College London , London , UK
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Almanza-Sepulveda ML, Chico E, Gonzalez A, Hall GB, Steiner M, Fleming AS. Executive function in teen and adult women: Association with maternal status and early adversity. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:849-861. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra L. Almanza-Sepulveda
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour (PNB); McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Elsie Chico
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Geoffrey B. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour (PNB); McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Holstein BE, Denbæk AM, Andersen A, Due P. Persistent social inequality in medicine use for headache among adolescents in Denmark 1991-2014. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 15:465-468. [PMID: 29786515 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic variation in adolescents' medicine use behaviour is an understudied issue. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between socioeconomic background and medicine use for headache among adolescents, and how this association changes over time. METHODS Data stem from the Danish part of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study 1991-2014 with data about parents' occupational social class (OSC) and self-reported medicine use for headache, n = 26,685. This study examined absolute social inequality (percent difference between high and low OSC) and relative social inequality (odds ratio for medicine use by OSC). RESULTS In total, 40.5% used medicine for headache in the past month. There was a significant increase from 32.3% in 1991 to 42.8% in 2002 (test for trend, p < 0.0001) and very little change 2002-2014. This pattern was similar in high, middle and low OSC. The prevalence of medicine use for headache in high, middle and low OSC was 36.2%, 41.5% and 44.8% (p < 0.0001). The OR (95% CI) for medicine use was 1.25 (1.18-1.324) in middle and 1.43 (1.33-1.54) in low OSC. CONCLUSIONS Medicine use for headache increased 1991-2002 and remained stable 2002-2014. There was increasing medicine use for headache with decreasing OSC; this social inequality was persistent 1991-2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Evald Holstein
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne Maj Denbæk
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Due
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Persistent social inequality in low intake of vegetables among adolescents, 2002-2014. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1649-1653. [PMID: 29506596 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001800040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the trend in social inequality in low intake of vegetables among adolescents in Denmark from 2002 to 2014 using occupational social class (OSC) as socio-economic indicator. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional school surveys including four waves of data collection in 2002-2014. The analyses focused on absolute social inequality (difference between high and low OSC in low vegetable intake) as well as relative social inequality (OR for low vegetable intake by OSC). SETTING The nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Denmark. SUBJECTS The study population was 11-15-year olds (n 17 243). RESULTS Low intake of vegetables was defined as less than weekly intake measured by food frequency items. OSC was measured by student reports of parents' occupation. The proportion of participants who reported eating vegetables less than once weekly was 8·9 %, with a notable decrease from 11·9 % in 2002 to 5·9 % in 2014. The OR (95 % CI) for less than weekly vegetable intake was 2·28 (1·98, 2·63) in the middle compared with high OSC and 3·12 (2·67, 3·66) in the low compared with high OSC. The absolute social inequality in low vegetable intake decreased from 2002 to 2014 but the relative social inequality remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores that it is important to address socio-economic factors in future efforts to promote vegetable intake among adolescents. The statistical analyses of social inequality in vegetable intake demonstrate that it is important to address both absolute and relative social inequality as these two phenomena may develop differently.
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14
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Holstein BE, Andersen A, Denbaek AM, Johansen A, Michelsen SI, Due P. Short communication: Persistent socio-economic inequality in frequent headache among Danish adolescents from 1991 to 2014. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:935-940. [PMID: 29349882 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between socio-economic status (SES) and headache among adolescents is an understudied issue, and no study has examined whether such an association changes over time. The aim was to examine trends in socio-economic inequality in frequent headache among 11- to 15-year-olds in Denmark from 1991 to 2014, using occupational social class (OSC) as indicator of SES. METHODS The study applies data from the Danish part of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. HBSC includes nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds. This study combines data from seven data survey years from 1991 to 2014, participation rate 88.6%, n = 31,102. We report absolute inequality as per cent difference in frequent headache between high and low OSC and relative inequality as odds ratio for frequent headache by OSC. RESULTS In the entire study population, 10.4% reported frequent headache. There was a significant increase in frequent headache from 8.0% in 1991 to 12.9% in 2014, test for trend, p < 0.0001. This increasing trend was significant in all OSCs. The prevalence of frequent headache was significantly higher in low than high OSC, OR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.34-1.67). This socio-economic inequality in frequent headache was persistent from 1991 to 2014. CONCLUSION There was a significant and persistent socio-economic inequality, i.e. increasing prevalence of frequent headache with decreasing OSC. The association between socio-economic position and headache did not significantly change over time, i.e. the statistical interaction between OSC and survey year was insignificant. SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of frequent headache among adolescents increases with decreasing SES. This socio-economic inequality has been persistent among adolescents in Denmark from 1991 to 2014. Clinicians should be aware of this social inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A M Denbaek
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Johansen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S I Michelsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Due P, Damsgaard MT, Madsen KR, Nielsen L, Rayce SB, Holstein BE. Increasing prevalence of emotional symptoms in higher socioeconomic strata: Trend study among Danish schoolchildren 1991–2014. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:690-694. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494817752520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The aims of this study were: (a) to examine trends in daily emotional symptoms among 11- to 15-year-olds from 1991 to 2014 in Denmark, and (b) to examine trends in social inequality in daily emotional symptoms, that is, whether the differences in prevalence between adolescents with parents of varying occupational social class changed over time. Methods: We combined seven comparable cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys ( N=31,169). Daily emotional symptoms were measured by the HBSC Symptom Check List and occupational social class (OSC) by students’ reports about parents’ occupation. We calculated absolute (per cent) differences in emotional symptoms between high and low OSC and relative differences by odds ratio for emotional symptoms by parents’ OSC. Results: Eight per cent reported at least one daily emotional symptoms, with an increasing trend from 1991 to 2014 ( p<0.001). The prevalence in high, middle and low OSC was 6.2%, 7.4% and 10.6% ( p<0.0001). From 1991 to 2014, there was an increase in the prevalence of daily emotional symptoms in high ( p<0.0001) and middle ( p<0.0001) but not low OSC ( p=0.4404). This resulted in a diminishing absolute social inequality in emotional symptoms. The statistical interaction between OSC and survey year was significant ( p=0.0023) and suggests a diminishing relative social inequality in emotional symptoms from 1991 to 2014. Conclusions: There was an increasing prevalence of daily emotional symptoms from 1991 to 2014 and a diminishing social inequality in prevalence of daily emotional symptoms in terms of both absolute and relative social inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Mogens T. Damsgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Katrine R. Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Line Nielsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Signe B. Rayce
- VIVE –The Danish Centre of Applied Social Science, National Centre for Social Research, Denmark
| | - Bjørn E. Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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16
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Pape H, Norström T, Rossow I. Adolescent drinking-a touch of social class? Addiction 2017; 112:792-800. [PMID: 27943493 DOI: 10.1111/add.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate whether parental socio-economic status (SES) is associated with adolescent drinking, and the degree to which a possible association may be accounted for by various parental factors. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional Norwegian school survey from 2006 (response rate: 86%). PARTICIPANTS Students aged 13-14 years (n = 5797), 15-16 years (n = 6613) and 17-18 years (n = 5351), of whom 51% were girls. MEASUREMENTS Parents' education was our main SES indicator, and we distinguished between low (7%) and middle/high (93%) educational level. The outcomes comprised past-year drinking and intoxication. We also applied measures on general parenting, parents' alcohol-related permissiveness and parental intoxication. The main analyses were conducted using Poisson regression. FINDINGS Parents' education had no statistically significant impact on alcohol use among the 17-18-year-olds, while 13-16-year-olds with low educated parents had an elevated relative risk (RR) of both drinking [RR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.29] and intoxication (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21-1.44). The RRs became statistically insignificant when including all the parental factors as covariates in the regression models. Among adolescents who had consumed alcohol, low parental education was related to more frequent drinking (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11-1.38) and intoxication episodes (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.22-1.66). Again, the RRs became statistically insignificant when we accounted for all the parental factors. This pattern was replicated when we applied an alternative indicator for low parental SES. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent drinking in Norway appears to be related inversely to parents' social standing. The elevated risk of low socio-economic status vanishes when general parenting, alcohol-related parental permissiveness and parents' drinking are accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Pape
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Norström
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Park S, Lim S, Kim J, Lee H, June KJ. Socioeconomic disparities in household secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking adolescents in the Republic of Korea. Glob Public Health 2015; 12:1104-1121. [PMID: 26654579 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1117119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This nationally representative study examined (a) gender and age differences in household secondhand smoke exposure (HSHSE) and (b) associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and HSHSE among non-smoking Korean adolescents. Two subsamples were analysed: males (n = 25,648) and females (n = 30,240). The HSHSE measures were incidence of HSHSE (yes/no) and number of days of HSHSE (1-7 days); the SES measures were parental education, perceived economic status, and family wealth. For the first aim, chi-square test, t-test, and bivariate negative binomial regression analysis were performed; For the second aim, multivariate logistic regression and negative binomial regression analyses were performed. The incidence and number of days of HSHSE were significantly higher among females (32.35% and 3.48 days) than males (26.83% and 3.08 days). The HSHSE incidence was significantly higher among younger adolescents (23.32% to 31.08% of males and 26.58% to 37.03% of females). Lower SES was associated with (a) greater odds of HSHSE (odds ratio: 1.12-1.58 among males and 1.19-1.85 among females) and (b) greater incidence rates of HSHSE (incidence rate ratio: 1.05-1.17 among males and 1.10-1.14 among females). Efforts should be made to decrease HSHSE among adolescents, particularly low-SES youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Park
- a College of Nursing Science, East-West Nursing Research Institute , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Lim
- b Research Institute of Health Sciences , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- c Department of Nursing, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- c Department of Nursing, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja June
- d Department of Nursing , Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Republic of Korea
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18
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Chico E, Gonzalez A, Ali N, Steiner M, Fleming AS. Executive function and mothering: Challenges faced by teenage mothers. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 56:1027-35. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Chico
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; 3359 Mississauga Road N Mississauga ON Canada L5L1C6
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; 3359 Mississauga Road N Mississauga ON Canada L5L1C6
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Nida Ali
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; 3359 Mississauga Road N Mississauga ON Canada L5L1C6
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic; St. Joseph's Healthcare; 50 Charlton Avenue East Hamilton ON Canada L8N 4A6
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Alison S. Fleming
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; 3359 Mississauga Road N Mississauga ON Canada L5L1C6
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