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Messeha SS, Agarwal M, Gendy SG, Mehboob SB, Soliman KFA. The Anti-Obesogenic Effects of Muscadine Grapes through Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor (Cntfr) and Histamine Receptor H1 (Hrh1) Genes in 3T3-L1 Differentiated Mouse Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:1817. [PMID: 38931172 PMCID: PMC11206641 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent metabolic diseases that have significant links to several chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Muscadine grape extracts have shown the potential to reduce adiposity and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control. Thus, this study was designed to determine the potential of muscadine grape berries extract (Pineapple and Southern Home) for its antiobesity properties in 3T3-L1 cells as a model for obesity research. The current study's data indicated the total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraziyl (DPPH) activity were higher in cultivar (CV) Southern Home, meanwhile, elevated the total flavonoid content (TFC) in Pineapple. Both extracts were safe across the tested range (0-5 mg/mL). A noticeable reduction in lipid accumulation was also found in extract-treated cells. In preadipocytes and adipocytes, the tested extracts showed significant alterations in various genes involved in glucose homeostasis and obesity. The most remarkable findings of the current study are the upregulation of two genes, Cntfr (+712.715-fold) and Hrh1 (+270.11-fold) in CV Pineapple extract-treated adipocytes 3T3-L1 and the high fold increase in Ramp3 induced by both Pineapple and Southern Home in pre-adipose cells. Furthermore, the tested extracts showed a potential to alter the mRNA of various genes, including Zfp91, B2m, Nr3c1, Insr, Atrn, Il6ra, Hsp90ab1, Sort1, and Npy1r. In conclusion, the data generated from the current study suggested that the two extracts under investigation are considered potential candidates for controlling insulin levels and managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Messeha
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1415 ML King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Meenakshi Agarwal
- Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA;
| | - Sherif G. Gendy
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Sheikh B. Mehboob
- Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA;
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1415 ML King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Birerdinc A, Stoddard S, Younossi ZM. The Stomach as an Endocrine Organ: Expression of Key Modulatory Genes and Their Contribution to Obesity and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2018; 20:24. [PMID: 29675753 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-018-0629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is currently seen in epidemic proportions globally and is one of the largest contributors to the development of NAFLD. The spectrum of NAFLD, particularly the progressive forms of NASH, is likely to become the leading cause of liver disease in the next decade. RECENT FINDINGS Soluble molecules, encoded by the stomach tissue, have been shown to have pleiotropic effects in both central and peripheral systems involved in energy homeostasis and obesity regulation. As such, the stomach is one of the important players in the complex, multi-system deregulation leading to obesity and NAFLD. The understanding of the stomach tissue as an active endocrine organ that contributes to the signaling milieu leading to the development of obesity and NAFLD is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybike Birerdinc
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - Sasha Stoddard
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.
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Perito ER, Ajmera V, Bass NM, Rosenthal P, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Yates KP, Diehl AM, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Scheimann A, Gill R, Glidden D, Aouizerat B. Association Between Cytokines and Liver Histology in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:609-622. [PMID: 29130075 PMCID: PMC5679472 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable non-invasive markers to characterize inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are lacking. We investigated the relationship between plasma cytokine levels and features of NAFLD histology to gain insight into cellular pathways driving NASH and to identify potential non-invasive discriminators of NAFLD severity and pattern. Methods Cytokines were measured from plasma obtained at enrollment in pediatric participants in NASH Clinical Research Network studies with liver biopsy-proven NAFLD. Cytokines were chosen a priori as possible discriminators of NASH and its components. Minimization of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to determine cytokines retained in multivariable models. Results Of 235 subjects, 31% had "Definite NASH" on liver histology, 43% had "Borderline NASH", and 25% had NAFLD but not NASH. Total plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) and activated PAI1 levels were higher in pediatric participants with Definite NASH and with lobular inflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was higher in those with stage 3-4 fibrosis and lobular inflammation. sIL-2rα was higher in children with stage 3-4 fibrosis and portal inflammation. In multivariable analysis, PAI1 variables were discriminators of Borderline/Definite NASH, definite NASH, lobular inflammation and ballooning. IL-8 increased with steatosis and fibrosis severity; sIL-2rα increased with fibrosis severity and portal inflammation. IL-7 decreased with portal inflammation and fibrosis severity. Conclusions Plasma cytokines associated with histology varied considerably among NASH features, suggesting promising avenues for investigation. Future, more targeted analysis is needed to identify the role of these markers in NAFLD and to evaluate their potential as non-invasive discriminators of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Perito
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Veeral Ajmera
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nathan M Bass
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Gill
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David Glidden
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bradley Aouizerat
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,New York University, New York, NY
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Dong S, Zhan ZY, Cao HY, Wu C, Bian YQ, Li JY, Cheng GH, Liu P, Sun MY. Urinary metabolomics analysis identifies key biomarkers of different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2771-2784. [PMID: 28487615 PMCID: PMC5403757 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify a panel of biomarkers that can distinguish between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and explore molecular mechanism involved in the process of developing NASH from NAFLD.
METHODS Biomarkers may differ during stages of NAFLD. Urine and blood were obtained from non-diabetic subjects with NAFLD and steatosis, with normal liver function (n = 33), from patients with NASH, with abnormal liver function (n = 45), and from healthy age and sex-matched controls (n = 30). Samples were subjected to metabolomic analysis to identify potential non-invasive biomarkers. Differences in urinary metabolic profiles were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminate analysis.
RESULTS Compared with NAFLD patients, patients with NASH had abnormal liver function and high serum lipid concentrations. Urinary metabonomics found differences in 31 metabolites between these two groups, including differences in nucleic acids and amino acids. Pathway analysis based on overlapping metabolites showed that pathways of energy and amino acid metabolism, as well as the pentose phosphate pathway, were closely associated with pathological processes in NAFLD and NASH.
CONCLUSION These findings suggested that a panel of biomarkers could distinguish between NAFLD and NASH, and could help to determine the molecular mechanism involved in the process of developing NASH from NAFLD. Urinary biomarkers may be diagnostic in these patients and could be used to assess responses to therapeutic interventions.
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Liu XD, Lv P, Zhao ZZ, Xu XJ. Impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on multiple human body systems. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:951-957. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i11.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicpathologic syndrome characterized by hepatocellular steatosis and fat deposition in individuals in the absence of significant alcohol intake and other specific factors that can impair liver function. According to epidemiological investigations, NAFLD has become one of the most common liver diseases in China. More and more studies show that NAFLD can influence many human body systems. This paper reviews the possible effect of NAFLD on the cardiovascular system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, metabolic system and nervous system.
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Ramli NS, Ismail P, Rahmat A. Red pitaya juice supplementation ameliorates energy balance homeostasis by modulating obesity-related genes in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:243. [PMID: 27456968 PMCID: PMC4960886 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) or known as buah naga merah in Malay belongs to the cactus family, Cactaceae. Red pitaya has been shown to give protection against liver damage and may reduce the stiffness of the heart. Besides, the beneficial effects of red pitaya against obesity have been reported; however, the mechanism of this protection is not clear. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the red pitaya-targeted genes in obesity using high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. METHODS A total of four groups were tested: corn-starch (CS), corn-starch + red pitaya juice (CRP), high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) and high-carbohydrate, high-fat + red pitaya juice (HRP). The intervention with 5 % red pitaya juice was continued for 8 weeks after 8 weeks initiation of the diet. Retroperitoneal, epididymal and omental fat pads were collected and weighed. Plasma concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured using commercial kits. Gene expression analysis was conducted using RNA extracted from liver samples. A total of eighty-four genes related to obesity were analyzed using PCR array. RESULTS The rats fed HCHF-diet for 16 weeks increased body weight, developed excess abdominal fat deposition and down-regulated the expression level of IL-1α, IL-1r1, and Cntfr as compared to the control group. Supplementation of red pitaya juice for 8 weeks increased omental and epididymal fat but no change in retroperitoneal fat was observed. Red pitaya juice reversed the changes in energy balance homeostasis in liver tissues by regulation of the expression levels of Pomc and Insr. The increased protein expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in HCHF group and red pitaya treated rats confirmed the results of gene expression. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study revealed the usefulness of this diet-induced rat model and the beneficial effects of red pitaya on energy balance homeostasis by modulating the anorectic, orexigenic and energy expenditure related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Patimah Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Malaysia
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Liu N, Mu H, Liang CD, Zheng JM, Zhang J. Effect of norepinephrine on expression of leptin and leptin receptor in hepatic stellate cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1052-1058. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i7.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) on the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.
METHODS: Different concentrations of NE were applied on HSCs for 24, 48 or 72 h. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in activated HSCs. Western blot was used to detect the expression of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) proteins. Real-time PCR was used to examine the effect of NE on mRNA expression of leptin and sOB-R in HSCs.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry results showed that after 1, 10, or 100 μmol/L NE was used on HSCs, the expression of α-SMA increased significantly at 24 h (14.1 ± 4.4, 17.5 ± 5.2, 19.8 ± 4.1 vs 11.3 ± 4.5; P < 0.05), suggesting that NE could activate HSCs and promote their proliferation. When 10 μmol/L NE was applied for 24, 48 or 72 h, α-SMA expression gradually increased (17.5 ± 5.2; 18.5 ± 5.4; 19.2 ± 6.2, P < 0.05), indicating that NE induced HSC proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that leptin protein expression was significantly higher in HSCs after treatment with 1, 10 and 100 μmol/L NE for 24 h compared with the control group (1.54 ± 0.08, 2.72 ± 0.09, 2.84 ± 0.18 vs 0.85 ± 0.12, P < 0.05); the expression of leptin receptor protein was also significantly higher than that in the control group (1.57 ± 0.18, 2.51 ± 0.17, 2.89 ± 0.19 vs 0.98 ± 0.15, P < 0.05). Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of leptin and leptin receptor, and the results showed that leptin mRNA expression was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.51 ± 0.08, 2.58 ± 0.09, 3.63 ± 0.12 vs 1.00 ± 0.07, P < 0.05); the expression of leptin receptor mRNA was also significantly higher than that in the control group (1.71 ± 0.08, 2.87 ± 0.10, 4.01 ± 0.14 vs 1.00 ± 0.08, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The sympathetic neurotransmitter NE plays a role in the process of liver fibrosis possibly by promoting leptin and sOB-R expression in activated HSCs.
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