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Tiku M, Zeru MA, Belay DB. Spatio-temporal distributions and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369872. [PMID: 38835606 PMCID: PMC11149422 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatio-temporal pattern of Ethiopia's childhood diarrheal disease and identify its contributing factors. Methods We conducted analyses on secondary data from four Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2016. Moran's I was used to determine spatial dependence and spatial models were used to evaluate variables associated with diarrhea in under-five children at the zonal level. Results Childhood diarrhea showed spatial clustering in Ethiopia (Moran's I; p < 0.05). The spatial regression model revealed significant factors at the zonal level: children born at home (e θ = 1.355, 95% CI: 1.052-1.544, p < 0.001), low birth weight (e θ = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.017-1.691, p < 0.05), and unimproved source of water (e θ = 0.8568, 95% CI: 0.671-1.086, p < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children varied over time by zone, with the Assosa, Hundene, and Dire Diwa zones having the highest rates. Home births and low birth weight contributed to the prevalence of childhood diarrhea. In high-risk zones of Ethiopia, reducing childhood diarrhea requires integrated child health interventions and raising awareness about the potential hazards associated with unimproved water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meskerem Tiku
- Department of Statistics, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu A Zeru
- Department of Statistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Wang Y, Wei X, Xiao X, Yin W, He J, Ren Z, Li Z, Yang M, Tong S, Guo Y, Zhang W, Wang Y. Climate and socio-economic factors drive the spatio-temporal dynamics of HFRS in Northeastern China. One Health 2022; 15:100466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Guan X, Lan T, Liao W, Wu X, Pan J. Exploring the effect of the primary care health workers number on infectious diarrhea morbidity and where the health resources should go. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6060. [PMID: 35411117 PMCID: PMC9001693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the association between the number of primary healthcare workers and infectious diarrhea morbidity at community levels and to provide evidence-based implications for optimizing primary healthcare manpower resource allocations. We collected annual infectious diarrhea morbidity and relevant data of 4321 communities in Sichuan Province, China, from 2017 to 2019. Global and local Moran’s I were calculated to detect the spatial clustering of infectious diarrhea morbidity and to identify areas where increased primary healthcare manpower resources should be allocated. The spatial lag fixed effects panel data model was adopted to explore the association between the number of primary healthcare workers per 1000 residents and infectious diarrhea morbidity. Significantly high–high and low–low clusters of infectious diarrhea cases were found to be mainly distributed in underdeveloped and developed areas during the studied period years, respectively. The infectious diarrhea morbidity was found to be statistically negatively associated with the number of primary healthcare workers per 1000 residents with a coefficient of − 0.172, indicating that a 0.172 reduction of infectious diarrhea morbidity (1/10,000) was associated with doubled amounts of primary healthcare workers per 1000 residents. Our findings highlighted the role of primary healthcare in the process of infectious diarrhea prevention and control, and implied that constant efforts should be addressed to facilitate infectious diarrhea prevention and control, especially in the underdeveloped areas.
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Yang SQ, Fang ZG, Lv CX, An SY, Guan P, Huang DS, Wu W. Spatiotemporal cluster analysis of COVID-19 and its relationship with environmental factors at the city level in mainland China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13386-13395. [PMID: 34595708 PMCID: PMC8483427 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to identify the spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal clusters of COVID-19 cases in 366 cities in mainland China with the highest risks and to explore the possible influencing factors of imported risks and environmental factors on the spatiotemporal aggregation, which would be useful to the design and implementation of critical preventative measures. The retrospective analysis of temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal clustering of COVID-19 during the period (January 15 to February 25, 2020) was based on Kulldorff's time-space scanning statistics using the discrete Poisson probability model, and then the logistic regression model was used to evaluate the impact of imported risk and environmental factors on spatiotemporal aggregation. We found that the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases was nonrandom; the Moran's I value ranged from 0.017 to 0.453 (P < 0.001). One most likely cluster and three secondary likely clusters were discovered in spatial cluster analysis. The period from February 2 to February 9, 2020, was identified as the most likely cluster in the temporal cluster analysis. One most likely cluster and seven secondary likely clusters were discovered in spatiotemporal cluster analysis. Imported risk, humidity, and inhalable particulate matter PM2.5 had a significant impact on temporal and spatial accumulation, and temperature and PM10 had a low correlation with the spatiotemporal aggregation of COVID-19. The information is useful for health departments to develop a better prevention strategy and potentially increase the effectiveness of public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cai-Xia Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu-Yi An
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Sheng Huang
- Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Qi C, Zhu YC, Li CY, Hu YC, Liu LL, Zhang DD, Wang X, She KL, Jia Y, Liu TX, Li XJ. Epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal analysis of COVID-19 in Shandong Province, China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e141. [PMID: 32624078 PMCID: PMC7360956 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000151x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed serious challenges. It is vitally important to further clarify the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak for future study and prevention and control measures. Epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal analysis were performed based on COVID-19 cases from 21 January 2020 to 1 March 2020 in Shandong Province, and close contacts were traced to construct transmission chains. A total of 758 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in Shandong. The sex ratio was 1.27: 1 (M: F) and the median age was 42 (interquartile range: 32-55). The high-risk clusters were identified in the central, eastern and southern regions of Shandong from 25 January 2020 to 10 February 2020. We rebuilt 54 transmission chains involving 209 cases, of which 52.2% were family clusters, and three widespread infection chains were elaborated, occurring in Jining, Zaozhuang and Liaocheng, respectively. The geographical and temporal disparity may alert public health agencies to implement specific measures in regions with different risk, and should attach importance on how to avoid household and community transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Y. C. Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - C. Y. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Y. C. Hu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - L. L. Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - D. D. Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - K. L. She
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Y. Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - T. X. Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - X. J. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
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Zhao Y, Ge L, Liu J, Liu H, Yu L, Wang N, Zhou Y, Ding X. Analyzing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hubei Province, China: a space-time cube-based approach. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3371-3388. [PMID: 31144552 PMCID: PMC6683916 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519850734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a natural–focal infectious disease caused by hantaviruses, resulted in 37 deaths between 2011 and 2015 in Hubei Province, China. HFRS outbreaks are seasonally distributed, exhibiting heterogeneity in space and time. We aimed to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of HFRS epidemics and their probable influencing factors. Methods We used the space–time cube (STC) method to investigate HFRS epidemics in different space–time locations. STC can be used to visualize the trajectories of moving objects (or changing tendencies) in space and time in three dimensions. We applied space–time statistical methods, including space–time hot spot and space–time local outlier analyses, based on a calculated STC model of HFRS cases, to identify spatial and temporal hotspots and outlier distributions. We used the space–time gravity center method to reveal associations between possible factors and HFRS epidemics. Results In this research, HFRS cases for each space–time location were defined by the STC model, which can present the dynamic characteristics of HFRS epidemics. The STC model delivered accurate and detailed results for the spatiotemporal patterns of HFRS epidemics. Conclusion The methods in this paper can potentially be applied for infectious diseases with similar spatial and temporal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Zhao
- 1 Business School of Hohai University, Nanjing city, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Ge
- 2 Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Liqizhuang, Tianjin, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- 2 Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Liqizhuang, Tianjin, China
| | - Honghui Liu
- 3 Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yu
- 2 Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Liqizhuang, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- 4 First Crust Deformation Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- 2 Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Liqizhuang, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Ding
- 2 Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Liqizhuang, Tianjin, China
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He J, Christakos G, Wu J, Jankowski P, Langousis A, Wang Y, Yin W, Zhang W. Probabilistic logic analysis of the highly heterogeneous spatiotemporal HFRS incidence distribution in Heilongjiang province (China) during 2005-2013. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007091. [PMID: 30703095 PMCID: PMC6380603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonosis caused by hantavirus (belongs to Hantaviridae family). A large amount of HFRS cases occur in China, especially in the Heilongjiang Province, raising great concerns regarding public health. The distribution of these cases across space-time often exhibits highly heterogeneous characteristics. Hence, it is widely recognized that the improved mapping of heterogeneous HFRS distributions and the quantitative assessment of the space-time disease transition patterns can advance considerably the detection, prevention and control of epidemic outbreaks. METHODS A synthesis of space-time mapping and probabilistic logic is proposed to study the distribution of monthly HFRS population-standardized incidences in Heilongjiang province during the period 2005-2013. We introduce a class-dependent Bayesian maximum entropy (cd-BME) mapping method dividing the original dataset into discrete incidence classes that overcome data heterogeneity and skewness effects and can produce space-time HFRS incidence estimates together with their estimation accuracy. A ten-fold cross validation analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed cd-BME implementation compared to the standard class-independent BME implementation. Incidence maps generated by cd-BME are used to study the spatiotemporal HFRS spread patterns. Further, the spatiotemporal dependence of HFRS incidences are measured in terms of probability logic indicators that link class-dependent HFRS incidences at different space-time points. These indicators convey useful complementary information regarding intraclass and interclass relationships, such as the change in HFRS transition probabilities between different incidence classes with increasing geographical distance and time separation. RESULTS Each HFRS class exhibited a distinct space-time variation structure in terms of its varying covariance parameters (shape, sill and correlation ranges). Given the heterogeneous features of the HFRS dataset, the cd-BME implementation demonstrated an improved ability to capture these features compared to the standard implementation (e.g., mean absolute error: 0.19 vs. 0.43 cases/105 capita) demonstrating a point outbreak character at high incidence levels and a non-point spread character at low levels. Intraclass HFRS variations were found to be considerably different than interclass HFRS variations. Certain incidence classes occurred frequently near one class but were rarely found adjacent to other classes. Different classes may share common boundaries or they may be surrounded completely by another class. The HFRS class 0-68.5% was the most dominant in the Heilongjiang province (covering more than 2/3 of the total area). The probabilities that certain incidence classes occur next to other classes were used to estimate the transitions between HFRS classes. Moreover, such probabilities described the dependency pattern of the space-time arrangement of HFRS patches occupied by the incidence classes. The HFRS transition probabilities also suggested the presence of both positive and negative relations among the main classes. The HFRS indicator plots offer complementary visualizations of the varying probabilities of transition between incidence classes, and so they describe the dependency pattern of the space-time arrangement of the HFRS patches occupied by the different classes. CONCLUSIONS The cd-BME method combined with probabilistic logic indicators offer an accurate and informative quantitative representation of the heterogeneous HFRS incidences in the space-time domain, and the results thus obtained can be interpreted readily. The same methodological combination could also be used in the spatiotemporal modeling and prediction of other epidemics under similar circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu He
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - George Christakos
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GC); (WZ)
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Andreas Langousis
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Yong Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Yin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GC); (WZ)
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Zhao Y, Ge L, Zhou Y, Sun Z, Zheng E, Wang X, Huang Y, Cheng H. A new Seasonal Difference Space-Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SD-STARIMA) model and spatiotemporal trend prediction analysis for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207518. [PMID: 30475830 PMCID: PMC6261020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a naturally-occurring, fecally transmitted disease caused by a Hantavirus (HV). It is extremely damaging to human health and results in many deaths annually, especially in Hubei Province, China. One of the primary characteristics of HFRS is the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of its occurrence, with notable seasonal differences. In view of this heterogeneity, the present study suggests that there is a need to focus on trend simulation and the spatiotemporal prediction of HFRS outbreaks. To facilitate this, we constructed a new Seasonal Difference Space-Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SD-STARIMA) model. The SD-STARIMA model is based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the Space-Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARMA) model first developed by Cliff and Ord in 1974, which has proven useful in modelling the temporal aspects of spatially located data. This model can simulate the trends in HFRS epidemics, taking into consideration both spatial and temporal variations. The SD-STARIMA model is also able to make seasonal difference calculations to eliminate temporally non-stationary problems that are present in the HFRS data. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed SD-STARIMA model offers notably better prediction accuracy, especially for spatiotemporal series data with seasonal distribution characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Zhao
- Business School of Hohai University, Nanjing city, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LG)
| | - Liang Ge
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LG)
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Zhongfang Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Erlong Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Xingmeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Business School of Hohai University, Nanjing city, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Huiping Cheng
- School of Economics and Management, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan,Hubei Province, PR China
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Wang T, Wang X, Tie P, Bai Y, Zheng Y, Yan C, Chai Z, Chen J, Rao H, Zeng L, Chen L, Qiu L. Spatio-temporal cluster and distribution of human brucellosis in Shanxi Province of China between 2011 and 2016. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16977. [PMID: 30451894 PMCID: PMC6242928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of human brucellosis (HB) in the Shanxi province has ranked to be the top five among the 31 China provinces. HB data in Shanxi province between 2011 and 2016 were collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Spatial and temporal distribution of HB was evaluated using spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time scan analysis. The global Moran's I index ranged from 0.37 to 0.50 between 2011 and 2016 (all P < 0.05), and the "high-high" clusters of HB were located at the northern Shanxi, while the "low-low" clusters in the central and southeastern Shanxi. The high-incidence time interval was between March and July with a 2-fold higher risk of HB compared to the other months in the same year. One most likely cluster and three secondary clusters were identified. The radius of the most likely cluster region was 158.03 km containing 10,051 HB cases. Compared to the remaining regions, people dwelling in the most likely region were reported 4.50-fold ascended risk of incident HB. HB cases during the high-risk time interval of each year were more likely to be younger, to be males or to be farmers or herdsman than that during the low-risk time interval. The HB incidence had a significantly high correlation with the number of the cattle or sheep especially in the northern Shanxi. HB in Shanxi showed unique spatio-temporal clustering. Public health concern for HB in Shanxi should give priority to the northern region especially between the late spring and early summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- China Railway Taiyuan Group Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Disease Control Division, Taiyuan, 030000, China.,Shanxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ping Tie
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yongfei Bai
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yuhua Zheng
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Changfu Yan
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Zhikai Chai
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Huaxiang Rao
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Lingjia Zeng
- China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
| | - Lixia Qiu
- Shanxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Spatiotemporal analysis and forecasting model of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in mainland China. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1680-1688. [PMID: 30078384 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by hantaviruses is a serious public health problem in China, accounting for 90% of HFRS cases reported globally. In this study, we applied geographical information system (GIS), spatial autocorrelation analyses and a seasonal autoregressive-integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to describe and predict HFRS epidemic with the objective of monitoring and forecasting HFRS in mainland China. Chinese HFRS data from 2004 to 2016 were obtained from National Infectious Diseases Reporting System (NIDRS) database and Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). GIS maps were produced to detect the spatial distribution of HFRS cases. The Moran's I was adopted in spatial global autocorrelation analysis to identify the integral spatiotemporal pattern of HFRS outbreaks, while the local Moran's Ii was performed to identify 'hotspot' regions of HFRS at province level. A fittest SARIMA model was developed to forecast HFRS incidence in the year 2016, which was selected by Akaike information criterion and Ljung-Box test. During 2004-2015, a total of 165 710 HFRS cases were reported with the average annual incidence at province level ranged from 0 to 13.05 per 100 000 persons. Global Moran's I analysis showed that the HFRS outbreaks presented spatially clustered distribution, with the degree of cluster gradually decreasing from 2004 to 2009, then turned out to be randomly distributed and reached lowest point in 2012. Local Moran's Ii identified that four provinces in northeast China contributed to a 'high-high' cluster as a traditional epidemic centre, and Shaanxi became another HFRS 'hotspot' region since 2011. The monthly incidence of HFRS decreased sharply from 2004 to 2009 in mainland China, then increased markedly from 2010 to 2012, and decreased again since 2013, with obvious seasonal fluctuations. The SARIMA ((0,1,3) × (1,0,1)12) model was the most fittest forecasting model for the dataset of HFRS in mainland China. The spatiotemporal distribution of HFRS in mainland China varied in recent years; together with the SARIMA forecasting model, this study provided several potential decision supportive tools for the control and risk-management plan of HFRS in China.
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Beyene H, Deressa W, Kumie A, Grace D. Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis of under-five diarrhea in Southern Ethiopia. Trop Med Health 2018; 46:18. [PMID: 29991924 PMCID: PMC5987573 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-018-0101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite improvements in prevention efforts, childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern. However, there may be substantial variation influenced by place, time, and season. Description of diarrheal clusters in time and space and understanding seasonal patterns can improve surveillance and management. The present study investigated the spatial and seasonal distribution and purely spatial, purely temporal, and space-time clusters of childhood diarrhea in Southern Ethiopia. Methods The study was a retrospective analysis of data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) under-five diarrheal morbidity reports from July 2011 to June 2017 in Sidama Zone. Annual diarrhea incidence at district level was calculated. Incidence rate calculation and seasonal trend analysis were performed. The Kulldorff SaTScan software with a discrete Poisson model was used to identify statistically significant special, temporal, and space-time diarrhea clusters. ArcGIS 10.1 was used to plot the maps. Results A total of 202,406 under-five diarrheal cases with an annual case of 5822 per 100,000 under-five population were reported. An increasing trend of diarrhea incidence was observed over the 6 years with seasonal variation picking between February and May. The highest incidence rate (135.8/1000) was observed in the year 2016/17 in Boricha district. One statistically significant most likely spatial cluster (Boricha district) and six secondary clusters (Malga, Hulla, Aleta Wondo, Shebedino, Loka Abaya, Dale, and Wondogenet) were identified. One statistically significant temporal cluster (LLR = 2109.93, p < 0.001) during December 2013 to May 2015 was observed in all districts. Statistically significant spatiotemporal primary hotspot was observed in December 2012 to January 2015 in Malga district with a likelihood ratio of 1214.67 and a relative risk of 2.03. First, second, third, and fourth secondary hotspots occurred from January 2012 to May 2012 in Loka Abaya, December 2011 in Bursa, from March to April 2014 in Gorchie, and March 2012 in Wonsho districts. Conclusion Childhood diarrhea was not distributed randomly over space and time and showed an overall increasing trend of seasonal variation peaking between February and May. The health department and other stakeholders at various levels need to plan targeted interventional activities at hotspot seasons and areas to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunachew Beyene
- 1College of Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.,2School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wakgari Deressa
- 2School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Kumie
- 2School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Delia Grace
- 3International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ge L, Zhao Y, Zhou K, Mu X, Yu H, Wang Y, Wang N, Fan H, Guo L, Huo X. Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Hubei Province (China) between 2005 and 2014. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167836. [PMID: 28030550 PMCID: PMC5193338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is considered as a globally distributed infectious disease, which results in many deaths annually in Hubei Province, China. The outbreak of HFRS is usually characterized with spatio-temporal heterogeneity and is seasonally distributed. Further, it might also be impacted by the influencing factors such as socio-economic and geographical environment. To better understand and predict the outbreak of HFRS in the Hubei Province, the spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors were investigated in this study. Moran's I Index value was adopted in spatial global autocorrelation analysis to identify the overall spatio-temporal pattern of HFRS outbreak. Kulldorff scan statistical analysis was performed to further identify the changing trends of the clustering patterns of HFRS outbreak. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to explore the possible influencing factors on HFRS epidemics such as climate and geographic. The results demonstrated that HFRS outbreak in Hubei Province decreased from 2005 to 2012 in general while increasing slightly from 2012 to 2014. The spatial and temporal scan statistical analysis indicated that HFRS epidemic was temporally clustered in summer and autumn from 2005 to 2014 except 2008 and 2011. The seasonal epidemic pattern of HFRS in Hubei Province was characterized by a bimodal pattern (March to May and September to November) while peaks often occurring in the spring time. SEOV-type HFRS was presumed to influence more on the total number of HFRS incidence than HTNV-type HFRS do. The average humidity and human population density were the main influencing factors during these years. HFRS outbreaks were more in plains than in other areas of Hubei Province. We did not find that whether the terrain of the wetland (water system) plays a significant role in the outbreak of HFRS incidence. With a better understanding of rodent infection rate, socio-economic status and ecological environment characteristics, this study may help to reduce the outbreak of HFRS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan city, Hubei Province, PR China
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Youlin Zhao
- Business School of Hohai University, Nanjing city, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kui Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Xiangming Mu
- School of Information Studies in University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 2025 E Newpot Ave #NWQB, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Haibo Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- First Crust Deformation Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake administration, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan city, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liqiang Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin city, PR China
| | - XiXiang Huo
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
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Hundessa SH, Williams G, Li S, Guo J, Chen L, Zhang W, Guo Y. Spatial and space-time distribution of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in China, 2005-2014. Malar J 2016; 15:595. [PMID: 27993171 PMCID: PMC5168843 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the declining burden of malaria in China, the disease remains a significant public health problem with periodic outbreaks and spatial variation across the country. A better understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of malaria is essential for consolidating the disease control and elimination programme. This study aims to understand the spatial and spatiotemporal distribution of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in China during 2005-2009. METHODS Global Moran's I statistics was used to detect a spatial distribution of local P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria at the county level. Spatial and space-time scan statistics were applied to detect spatial and spatiotemporal clusters, respectively. RESULTS Both P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria showed spatial autocorrelation. The most likely spatial cluster of P. vivax was detected in northern Anhui province between 2005 and 2009, and western Yunnan province between 2010 and 2014. For P. falciparum, the clusters included several counties of western Yunnan province from 2005 to 2011, Guangxi from 2012 to 2013, and Anhui in 2014. The most likely space-time clusters of P. vivax malaria and P. falciparum malaria were detected in northern Anhui province and western Yunnan province, respectively, during 2005-2009. CONCLUSION The spatial and space-time cluster analysis identified high-risk areas and periods for both P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria. Both malaria types showed significant spatial and spatiotemporal variations. Contrary to P. vivax, the high-risk areas for P. falciparum malaria shifted from the west to the east of China. Further studies are required to examine the spatial changes in risk of malaria transmission and identify the underlying causes of elevated risk in the high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Hundessa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Gail Williams
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Jinpeng Guo
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linping Chen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
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Ge L, Zhao Y, Sheng Z, Wang N, Zhou K, Mu X, Guo L, Wang T, Yang Z, Huo X. Construction of a Seasonal Difference-Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (SD-GTWR) Model and Comparative Analysis with GWR-Based Models for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Hubei Province (China). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1062. [PMID: 27801870 PMCID: PMC5129272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is considered a globally distributed infectious disease which results in many deaths annually in Hubei Province, China. In order to conduct a better analysis and accurately predict HFRS incidence in Hubei Province, a new model named Seasonal Difference-Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (SD-GTWR) was constructed. The SD-GTWR model, which integrates the analysis and relationship of seasonal difference, spatial and temporal characteristics of HFRS (HFRS was characterized by spatiotemporal heterogeneity and it is seasonally distributed), was designed to illustrate the latent relationships between the spatio-temporal pattern of the HFRS epidemic and its influencing factors. Experiments from the study demonstrated that SD-GTWR model is superior to traditional models such as GWR- based models in terms of the efficiency and the ability of providing influencing factor analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Youlin Zhao
- Business School of Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Zhongjie Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- First Crust Deformation Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin 300180, China.
| | - Kui Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Xiangming Mu
- School of Information Studies of University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Liqiang Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Teng Wang
- Business School of Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Zhanqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xixiang Huo
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Rao HX, Zhang X, Zhao L, Yu J, Ren W, Zhang XL, Ma YC, Shi Y, Ma BZ, Wang X, Wei Z, Wang HF, Qiu LX. Spatial transmission and meteorological determinants of tuberculosis incidence in Qinghai Province, China: a spatial clustering panel analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:45. [PMID: 27251154 PMCID: PMC4890510 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the notifiable infectious disease with the second highest incidence in the Qinghai province, a province with poor primary health care infrastructure. Understanding the spatial distribution of TB and related environmental factors is necessary for developing effective strategies to control and further eliminate TB. METHODS Our TB incidence data and meteorological data were extracted from the China Information System of Disease Control and Prevention and statistical yearbooks, respectively. We calculated the global and local Moran's I by using spatial autocorrelation analysis to detect the spatial clustering of TB incidence each year. A spatial panel data model was applied to examine the associations of meteorological factors with TB incidence after adjustment of spatial individual effects and spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS The Local Moran's I method detected 11 counties with a significantly high-high spatial clustering (average annual incidence: 294/100 000) and 17 counties with a significantly low-low spatial clustering (average annual incidence: 68/100 000) of TB annual incidence within the examined five-year period; the global Moran's I values ranged from 0.40 to 0.58 (all P-values < 0.05). The TB incidence was positively associated with the temperature, precipitation, and wind speed (all P-values < 0.05), which were confirmed by the spatial panel data model. Each 10 °C, 2 cm, and 1 m/s increase in temperature, precipitation, and wind speed associated with 9 % and 3 % decrements and a 7 % increment in the TB incidence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High TB incidence areas were mainly concentrated in south-western Qinghai, while low TB incidence areas clustered in eastern and north-western Qinghai. Areas with low temperature and precipitation and with strong wind speeds tended to have higher TB incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xiang Rao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xue-Lei Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Bin-Zhong Ma
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Hua-Fang Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Li-Xia Qiu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of scrub typhus during 2006–2013 in Tai'an, Northern China. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:2451-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYTai'an, a famous cultural tourist district, is a new endemic foci of scrub typhus in northern China. Frequent reports of travel-acquired cases and absence of effective vaccine indicated a significant health problem of scrub typhus in Tai'an. Thus, descriptive epidemiological methods and spatial-temporal scan statistics were used to describe the epidemic characteristics and detect the significant clusters of the high incidence of scrub typhus at the town level in Tai'an. Results of descriptive epidemiological analysis showed a total of 490 cases were reported in Tai'an with the annual average incidence ranging from 0·48 to 2·27/100 000 during 2006–2013. Females, the elderly and farmers are the high-risk groups. Monthly changes of scrub typhus cases indicated an obvious epidemic period in autumn. Spatial-temporal distribution analysis, showed significant clusters of high incidence mainly located in eastern and northern Tai'an. Our study suggests that more effective, targeted measures for local residents should be implemented in the eastern and northern areas of Tai'an in autumn. Meanwhile, it may prove beneficial for health policy makers to advise travellers to take preventive measures in order to minimize the risk of infection of scrub typhus in Tai'an.
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Zhang WY, Wang LY, Liu YX, Yin WW, Hu WB, Magalhaes RJS, Ding F, Sun HL, Zhou H, Li SL, Haque U, Tong SL, Glass GE, Bi P, Clements ACA, Liu QY, Li CY. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2005-2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3344. [PMID: 25412324 PMCID: PMC4239011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne disease caused by many serotypes of hantaviruses. In China, HFRS has been recognized as a severe public health problem with 90% of the total reported cases in the world. This study describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS cases in China and identifies the regions, time, and populations at highest risk, which could help the planning and implementation of key preventative measures. Methods Data on all reported HFRS cases at the county level from January 2005 to December 2012 were collected from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Geographic Information System-based spatiotemporal analyses including Local Indicators of Spatial Association and Kulldorff's space-time scan statistic were performed to detect local high-risk space-time clusters of HFRS in China. In addition, cases from high-risk and low-risk counties were compared to identify significant demographic differences. Results A total of 100,868 cases were reported during 2005–2012 in mainland China. There were significant variations in the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS. HFRS cases occurred most frequently in June, November, and December. There was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of HFRS incidence during the study periods, with Moran's I values ranging from 0.46 to 0.56 (P<0.05). Several distinct HFRS cluster areas were identified, mainly concentrated in northeastern, central, and eastern of China. Compared with cases from low-risk areas, a higher proportion of cases were younger, non-farmer, and floating residents in high-risk counties. Conclusions This study identified significant space-time clusters of HFRS in China during 2005–2012 indicating that preventative strategies for HFRS should be particularly focused on the northeastern, central, and eastern of China to achieve the most cost-effective outcomes. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne viral disease caused by many serotypes of hantaviruses. In China, HFRS has been recognized as a severe public health problem and accounts for 90% of the reported cases in the world. We examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS cases in China during 2005–2012 and compared characteristics between cases from high-risk and low-risk counties. Several distinct HFRS cluster areas were identified, concentrated in northeastern, central, and eastern of China. Compared with cases from low-risk areas, a higher proportion of cases were younger, non-farmer, and floating residents in high-risk counties. These findings suggest preventative strategies for HFRS should be focused on the identified clusters in order to achieve the most cost-effective outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Zhang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ya Wang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xi Liu
- Department of Infection Management and Disease Control, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wu Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Biao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ricardo J. Soares. Magalhaes
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Children Environmental Health, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fan Ding
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Long Sun
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Long Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ubydul Haque
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shi-Lu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregory E. Glass
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peng Bi
- Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Archie C. A. Clements
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Qi-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QL)
| | - Cheng-Yi Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QL)
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Bao C, Liu W, Zhu Y, Liu W, Hu J, Liang Q, Cheng Y, Wu Y, Yu R, Zhou M, Shen H, Chen F, Tang F, Peng Z. The spatial analysis on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jiangsu province, China based on geographic information system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83848. [PMID: 25207806 PMCID: PMC4160164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in mainland China, accounting for 90% of total reported cases worldwide, and Jiangsu is one of the most severely affected provinces. In this study, the authors conducted GIS-based spatial analyses in order to determine the spatial distribution of the HFRS cases, identify key areas and explore risk factors for public health planning and resource allocation. METHODS Interpolation maps by inverse distance weighting were produced to detect the spatial distribution of HFRS cases in Jiangsu from 2001 to 2011. Spatio-temporal clustering was applied to identify clusters at the county level. Spatial correlation analysis was conducted to detect influencing factors of HFRS in Jiangsu. RESULTS HFRS cases in Jiangsu from 2001 to 2011 were mapped and the results suggested that cases in Jiangsu were not distributed randomly. Cases were mainly distributed in northeastern and southwestern Jiangsu, especially in Dafeng and Sihong counties. It was notable that prior to this study, Sihong county had rarely been reported as a high-risk area of HFRS. With the maximum spatial size of 50% of the total population and the maximum temporal size of 50% of the total population, spatio-temporal clustering showed that there was one most likely cluster (LLR = 624.52, P<0.0001, RR = 8.19) and one second-most likely cluster (LLR = 553.97, P<0.0001, RR = 8.25), and both of these clusters appeared from 2001 to 2004. Spatial correlation analysis showed that the incidence of HFRS in Jiangsu was influenced by distances to highways, railways, rivers and lakes. CONCLUSION The application of GIS together with spatial interpolation, spatio-temporal clustering and spatial correlation analysis can effectively identify high-risk areas and factors influencing HFRS incidence to lay a foundation for researching its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuejia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenyang Tang
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (ZHP); (FYT)
| | - Zhihang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (ZHP); (FYT)
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Chen ZH, Qin XC, Song R, Shen Y, Chen XP, Wang W, Zhao YX, Zhang JS, He JR, Li MH, Zhao XH, Liu DW, Fu XK, Tian D, Li XW, Xu J, Plyusnin A, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Co-circulation of multiple hemorrhagic fever diseases with distinct clinical characteristics in Dandong, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89896. [PMID: 24587107 PMCID: PMC3937409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fevers (HF) caused by viruses and bacteria are a major public health problem in China and characterized by variable clinical manifestations, such that it is often difficult to achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment. The causes of HF in 85 patients admitted to Dandong hospital, China, between 2011–2012 were determined by serological and PCR tests. Of these, 34 patients were diagnosed with Huaiyangshan hemorrhagic fever (HYSHF), 34 with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), one with murine typhus, and one with scrub typhus. Etiologic agents could not be determined in the 15 remaining patients. Phylogenetic analyses of recovered bacterial and viral sequences revealed that the causative infectious agents were closely related to those described in other geographical regions. As these diseases have no distinctive clinical features in their early stage, only 13 patients were initially accurately diagnosed. The distinctive clinical features of HFRS and HYSHF developed during disease progression. Enlarged lymph nodes, cough, sputum, and diarrhea were more common in HYSHF patients, while more HFRS cases presented with headache, sore throat, oliguria, percussion pain kidney area, and petechiae. Additionally, HYSHF patients displayed significantly lower levels of white blood cells (WBC), higher levels of creations kinase (CK) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while HFRS patients presented with an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA). These clinical features will assist in the accurate diagnosis of both HYSHF and HFRS. Overall, our data reveal the complexity of pathogens causing HFs in a single Chinese hospital, and highlight the need for accurate early diagnosis and a better understanding of their distinctive clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Rong He
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Hua Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China
| | - De-Wei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Wang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Plyusnin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Xiao D, Wu K, Tan X, Yan T, Li H, Yan Y. The impact of the vaccination program for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hu County, China. Vaccine 2014; 32:740-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cui F, Wang T, Wang L, Yang S, Zhang L, Cao H, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zhai S. Spatial analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Zibo City, China, 2009-2012. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67490. [PMID: 23840719 PMCID: PMC3696076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is highly endemic in mainland China, where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. Zibo City is one of the most serious affected areas in Shandong Province China with the HFRS incidence increasing sharply from 2009 to 2012. However, the hotspots of HFRS in Zibo remained unclear. Thus, a spatial analysis was conducted with the aim to explore the spatial, spatial-temporal and seasonal patterns of HFRS in Zibo from 2009 to 2012, and to provide guidance for formulating regional prevention and control strategies. METHODS The study was based on the reported cases of HFRS from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Annualized incidence maps and seasonal incidence maps were produced to analyze the spatial and seasonal distribution of HFRS in Zibo City. Then spatial scan statistics and space-time scan statistics were conducted to identify clusters of HFRS. RESULTS There were 200 cases reported in Zibo City during the 4-year study period. One most likely cluster and one secondary cluster for high incidence of HFRS were identified by the space-time analysis. And the most likely cluster was found to exist at Yiyuan County in October to December 2012. The human infections in the fall and winter reflected a seasonal characteristic pattern of Hantaan virus (HTNV) transmission. The secondary cluster was detected at the center of Zibo in May to June 2009, presenting a seasonal characteristic of Seoul virus (SEOV) transmission. CONCLUSION To control and prevent HFRS in Zibo city, the comprehensive preventive strategy should be implemented in the southern areas of Zibo in autumn and in the northern areas of Zibo in spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Yang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haodong Hu
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyong Zhai
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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23
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HUANG P, LIANG LJ, HOU NM, ZHANG X, SU WZ, YU SY, ZHANG YH, WU J, CHEN WQ. Phylogenetic, molecular and drug-sensitivity analysis of HA and NA genes of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in Guangdong, China, 2007-2011. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 141:1061-9. [PMID: 22827898 PMCID: PMC9151889 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual H3N2 subtype influenza outbreaks in Guangdong, China are a severe public health issue and require ongoing monitoring of emerging viral variants. The variation and evolution of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza isolates from Guangdong during 2007-2011 and others from GenBank were analysed using Lasergene 7.1 and MEGA 5.05, and serological analysis of antigens was determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). Susceptibility to antiviral drugs was correlated with genetic mutations. Phylogenetic analysis and alignment of HA and NA genes were performed on 18 Guangdong isolates and 26 global reference strains. The non-synonymous (dN) evolutionary rate of HA1 was 3.13 times that of HA2. Compared with the A/Perth/16/2009 vaccine HA gene, homologies of Guangdong isolates were between 98.8-99.7% and 98.0-98·4% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Amino-acid substitutions were found in five epitopes of HA1 from Guangdong isolates between 2007 and 2011, especially in epitopes B (N160K) and D (K174R/N). The K189E/N/Q and T228A mutations in the receptor-binding site (RBS) occurred in the 2010 strains, which affected the antigenicity of HA1. The antigenicity of the epidemic H3N2 isolates in 2010 was somewhat different from that of A/Perth/16/2009. The Guangdong H3N2 isolates were determined to be oseltamivir-resistant with IC50 of 0.396 ± 0.085 nmol/l (n=17) and zanamivir-resistant with IC50 of 0.477 ± 0.149 nmol/l (n=18). Variations were present in epitopes B and D, two sites in the RBS and two glycosylation sites in the Guangdong H3N2 HA1 gene. The majority of the Guangdong H3N2 isolates were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Compared to the World Health Organization 2012 vaccine strains, Guangdong H3N2 strains varied genetically and antigenically to some degree.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Viral
- Antigens, Viral
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Evolution
- China/epidemiology
- Disease Outbreaks
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/physiology
- Genetic Variation
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/metabolism
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral
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Affiliation(s)
- P. HUANG
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L.-J. LIANG
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - N.-M. HOU
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. ZHANG
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - W.-Z. SU
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - S.-Y. YU
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y.-H. ZHANG
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - J. WU
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - W. Q. CHEN
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kaya S, Çağlayık DY, Uyar Y, Yılmaz H, Engin A, Öngürü P, Yılmaz G, Köksal I. Can hantavirus infections be predicted on admission to hospital? J Med Virol 2013; 84:1790-6. [PMID: 22997082 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factors which contribute to diagnosis of hantavirus infection. One hundred patients from rural areas hospitalized with a preliminary diagnosis of hantavirus infection from different hospitals in Turkey were investigated. Hantavirus infection was confirmed in 20 patients (Group 1) using immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays at the Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency. Hantaviruses were not detected in the serum of the remaining 80 patients, other infectious and non-infectious diseases being diagnosed in this group (Group 2). Patients' demographic characteristics and clinical and laboratory data on admission were examined and compared between the two groups. Fever, proteinuria, hematuria, lethargy-weakness, and nausea-vomiting were the most frequent symptoms and findings in Group 1, seen in almost all patients. Proteinuria, hematuria, muscle pain, diarrhea/abdominal pain, hypotension, shock, and sweating were observed at significantly higher levels in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher, but serum platelet counts were lower in Group 1 patients. Area beneath the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to calculate the discriminative ability of various laboratory values to identify patients with hantavirus infection. This analysis revealed that, serum CRP had a 100% negative predictive value, whilst, platelet, and creatinine had 75% and 70% positive predictive values for the diagnosis of hantavirus infection. In summary, laboratory markers used in clinical practice are of great importance predicting hantavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Kaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Wang T, Xue F, Chen Y, Ma Y, Liu Y. The spatial epidemiology of tuberculosis in Linyi City, China, 2005-2010. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:885. [PMID: 23083352 PMCID: PMC3487863 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health burden in many developing countries. China alone accounted for an estimated 12% of all incident TB cases worldwide in 2010. Several studies showed that the spatial distribution of TB was nonrandom and clustered. Thus, a spatial analysis was conducted with the aim to explore the spatial epidemiology of TB in Linyi City, which can provide guidance for formulating regional prevention and control strategies. Methods The study was based on the reported cases of TB, between 2005 and 2010. 35,308 TB cases were geo-coded at the town level (n = 180). The spatial empirical Bayes smoothing, spatial autocorrelation and space-time scan statistic were used in this analysis. Results Spatial distribution of TB in Linyi City from 2005 to 2010 was mapped at town level in the aspects of crude incidence, excess hazard and spatial smoothed incidence. The spatial distribution of TB was nonrandom and clustered with the significant Moran’s I for each year. Local Gi* detected five significant spatial clusters for high incidence of TB. The space-time analysis identified one most likely cluster and nine secondary clusters for high incidence of TB. Conclusions There is evidence for the existence of statistically significant TB clusters in Linyi City, China. The result of this study may assist health departments to develop a better preventive strategy and increase the public health intervention’s effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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