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Thergarajan G, Sekaran SD. Diagnostic approaches for dengue infection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:643-651. [PMID: 37417532 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2234815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every year, a significant rise in dengue incidence observed is responsible for 10% of fever episodes in children and adolescents in endemic countries. Considering that the symptoms of dengue are similar to those of many other viruses, early diagnosis of the disease has long been difficult, and lack of sensitive diagnostic tools may be another factor contributing to a rise in dengue incidence. AREAS COVERED This review will highlight dengue diagnostics strategies and discuss other possible targets for dengue diagnosis. Understanding the dynamics of the immune response and how it affects viral infection has enabled informed diagnosis. As more technologies emerge, precise assays that include some clinical markers need to be included. EXPERT OPINION Future diagnostic strategies will require the use both viral and clinical markers in a serial manner with the use of artificial intelligence technology to determine from the first point of illness to better determine severity status and management. A definitive endpoint is not in the horizon as the disease as well as the virus is constantly evolving and hence many developed assays need to be constantly changing some of their reagents periodically as newer genotypes and probably too serotypes emerge.
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Falconi-Agapito F, Kerkhof K, Merino X, Michiels J, Van Esbroeck M, Bartholomeeusen K, Talledo M, Ariën KK. Dynamics of the Magnitude, Breadth and Depth of the Antibody Response at Epitope Level Following Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686691. [PMID: 34290707 PMCID: PMC8289389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Since the Zika epidemic and the increased co-circulation of other arboviruses, the serology-based diagnosis of dengue has become more problematic due to the high antigenic resemblance, especially among the flavivirus family. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity, specificity and temporal evolution of the antibody response following dengue infection is needed. In order to close this knowledge gap, we used a high-density peptide microarray of 9,072 linear peptides covering the entire proteome diversity of dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. The IgM and IgG antibody responses were measured against the designed microarray in symptomatic dengue infected individuals from an arbovirus endemic area in Peru and in overseas travelers returning to Belgium, as representatives of multiple-exposed and primary infections, respectively. Serum samples were collected longitudinally across four time points over the period of six months in Peru and over two time points in travelers. We show that epitopes eliciting the strongest flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies, in both primary and secondary infections were concentrated in the capsid, E, NS1, NS3 and NS5 proteins. The IgG antibody responses against NS1 and NS3 followed a rise-and-fall pattern, with peak titers between two to four weeks after onset of illness. The response to the E and NS5 proteins increased rapidly in the acute phase and was maintained at stable levels until at least 6 months after illness. A more scattered IgM antibody reactivity across the viral proteome was observed in the acute phase of the disease and that persisted through the 6-month window. The magnitude, breadth (i.e. number of unique epitopes targeted) and depth (i.e. number of epitope variants recognized) of the IgG response was higher in secondary infections compared to primary infections. For IgM antibodies, the magnitude of the response was higher in primary infected individuals whereas the breadth and depth of the response was lower in this group compared with the endemic subjects. Finally, through this arboviral proteome-wide epitope mapping, we were able to identify IgM and IgG dengue-specific epitopes which can be useful serological markers for dengue diagnosis and serostatus determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falconi-Agapito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Kerkhof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xiomara Merino
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Johan Michiels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Talledo
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Acklin JA, Cattle JD, Moss AS, Brown JA, Foster GA, Krysztof D, Stramer SL, Lim JK. Evaluating the Safety of West Nile Virus Immunity During Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686411. [PMID: 34220838 PMCID: PMC8250419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon that occurs when cross-reactive antibodies generated from a previous flaviviral infection increase the pathogenesis of a related virus. Zika virus (ZIKV) is the most recent flavivirus introduced to the Western Hemisphere and has become a significant public health threat due to the unanticipated impact on the developing fetus. West Nile virus (WNV) is the primary flavivirus that circulates in North America, and we and others have shown that antibodies against WNV are cross-reactive to ZIKV. Thus, there is concern that WNV immunity could increase the risk of severe ZIKV infection, particularly during pregnancy. In this study, we examined the extent to which WNV antibodies could impact ZIKV pathogenesis in a murine pregnancy model. To test this, we passively transferred WNV antibodies into pregnant Stat2-/- mice on E6.5 prior to infection with ZIKV. Evaluation of pregnant dams showed weight loss following ZIKV infection; however, no differences in maternal weights or viral loads in the maternal brain, spleen, or spinal cord were observed in the presence of WNV antibodies. Resorption rates, and other fetal parameters, including fetal and placental size, were similarly unaffected. Further, the presence of WNV antibodies did not significantly alter the viral load or the inflammatory response in the placenta or the fetus in response to ZIKV. Our data suggest that pre-existing WNV immunity may not significantly impact the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Our findings are promising for the safety of implementing WNV vaccines in the continental US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javier D Cattle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arianna S Moss
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julia A Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory A Foster
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - David Krysztof
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Susan L Stramer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Stiasny K, Malafa S, Aberle SW, Medits I, Tsouchnikas G, Aberle JH, Holzmann H, Heinz FX. Different Cross-Reactivities of IgM Responses in Dengue, Zika and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040596. [PMID: 33807442 PMCID: PMC8066087 DOI: 10.3390/v13040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses circulate worldwide and cause a number of medically relevant human diseases, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Serology plays an important role in the diagnosis of flavivirus infections, but can be impeded by antigenic cross-reactivities among flaviviruses. Therefore, serological diagnosis of a recent infection can be insufficiently specific, especially in areas where flaviviruses co-circulate and/or vaccination coverage against certain flaviviruses is high. In this study, we developed a new IgM assay format, which is well suited for the specific diagnosis of TBE, Zika and dengue virus infections. In the case of TBE and Zika, the IgM response proved to be highly specific for the infecting virus. In contrast, primary dengue virus infections induced substantial amounts of cross-reactive IgM antibodies, which is most likely explained by structural peculiarities of dengue virus particles. Despite the presence of cross-reactive IgM, the standardized nature and the quantitative read-out of the assay even allowed the serotype-specific diagnosis of recent dengue virus infections in most instances.
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5
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Auerswald H, Klepsch L, Schreiber S, Hülsemann J, Franzke K, Kann S, Y B, Duong V, Buchy P, Schreiber M. The Dengue ED3 Dot Assay, a Novel Serological Test for the Detection of Denguevirus Type-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Retrospective Seroprevalence Study. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040304. [PMID: 30934772 PMCID: PMC6521013 DOI: 10.3390/v11040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are four distinct antigenic serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV-1-4). Sequential infections with different serotypes lead to cross-reactive but also serotype-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Neutralization assays are considered as gold standard for serotype-specific antibody detection. However, for retrospective seroprevalence studies, access to large serum quantities is limited making neutralization assays well-nigh impossible. Therefore, a serological test, wasting only 10 µL serum, was developed using fusion proteins of maltose binding protein and E protein domain 3 (MBP-ED3) as antigens. Twelve MBP-ED3 antigens for DENV-1-4, three MBP-ED3 antigens for WNV, JEV, and TBEV, and MBP were dotted onto a single nitrocellulose strip. ED3 dot assay results were compared to virus neutralization and ED3 ELISA test results, showing a >90% accordance for DENV-1 and a 100% accordance for DENV-2, making the test specifically useful for DENV-1/-2 serotype-specific antibody detection. Since 2010, DENV-1 has replaced DENV-2 as the dominant serotype in Cambodia. In a retrospective cohort analysis, sera collected during the DENV-1/-2 endemic period showed a shift to DENV-2-specific antibody responses in 2012 paralleled by the decline of DENV-2 infections. Altogether, the ED3 dot assay is a serum-, time- and money-saving diagnostic tool for serotype-specific antibody detection, especially when serum samples are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonard Klepsch
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schreiber
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janne Hülsemann
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kati Franzke
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Kann
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bunthin Y
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- GlaxoSmithKline, Vaccines R&D, 23 Rochester Park, Singapore 139234, Singapore.
| | - Michael Schreiber
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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Auerswald H, de Jesus A, Seixas G, Nazareth T, In S, Mao S, Duong V, Silva AC, Paul R, Dussart P, Sousa CA. First dengue virus seroprevalence study on Madeira Island after the 2012 outbreak indicates unreported dengue circulation. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:103. [PMID: 30867031 PMCID: PMC6417143 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2012, the first dengue virus outbreak was reported on the Portuguese island of Madeira with 1080 confirmed cases. Dengue virus of serotype 1 (DENV-1), probably imported from Venezuela, caused this outbreak with autochthonous transmission by invasive Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Results We investigated the seroprevalence among the population on Madeira Island four years after the outbreak. Study participants (n = 358), representative of the island population regarding their age and gender, were enrolled in 2012 in a cross-sectional study. Dengue antibodies were detected with an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the dimer of domain III (ED3) of the DENV-1 envelope protein as well as commercial Panbio indirect and capture IgG ELISAs. Positive ELISA results were validated with a neutralization test. The overall seroprevalence was found to be 7.8% (28/358) with the in-house ELISA, whereas the commercial DENV indirect ELISA detected IgG antibodies in 8.9% of the individuals (32/358). The results of the foci reduction neutralization test confirmed DENV-1 imported from South America as the causative agent of the 2012 epidemic. Additionally, we found a higher seroprevalence in study participants with an age above 60 years old and probable secondary DENV infected individuals indicating unreported dengue circulation before or after 2012 on Madeira Island. Conclusions This study revealed that the number of infections might have been much higher than estimated from only confirmed cases in 2012/2013. These mainly DENV-1 immune individuals are not protected from a secondary DENV infection and the majority of the population of Madeira Island is still naïve for DENV. Surveillance of mosquitoes and arboviruses should be continued on Madeira Island as well as in other European areas where invasive vector mosquitoes are present. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3357-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ana de Jesus
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Nazareth
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokthearom Mao
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ana Clara Silva
- Departamento de Saúde, Planeamento e Administração Geral, Instituto de Administração da Saúde e Assuntos Sociais, IP-RAM, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.,Madeira Regional Government, Institute of Health and Social Affairs, Av. Zarco, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Richard Paul
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé UMR 2000, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Carla Alexandra Sousa
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rockstroh A, Barzon L, Kumbukgolla W, Su HX, Lizarazo E, Vincenti-Gonzalez MF, Tami A, Ornelas AMM, Aguiar RS, Cadar D, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Ulbert S. Dengue Virus IgM Serotyping by ELISA with Recombinant Mutant Envelope Proteins. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1111-1115. [PMID: 30387417 PMCID: PMC6302594 DOI: 10.3201/eid2501.180605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed an IgM-based ELISA that identifies the dengue virus serotype of recent infections. Dominant serotypes were detectable in 91.1% of samples from travelers and 86.5% of samples from residents of endemic regions; 97.1% corresponded to the serotype identified by PCR. This ELISA enables more accurate reporting of epidemiologic findings.
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Baykov IK, Emelyanova LA, Sokolova LM, Karelina EM, Matveev AL, Babkin IV, Khlusevich YА, Podgornyy VF, Tikunova NV. ANALYSIS OF DOMAIN SPECIFICITY OF THE PROTECTIVE CHIMERIC ANTIBODY ch14D5a AGAINST GLYCOPROTEIN E OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug for the prevention and therapy of tick-borne encephalitis virus is being developed on the basis of the protective chimeric antibody ch14D5a. At the same time, the epitope recognized by this antibody on the surface of glycoprotein E has not been localized yet. The aim of this work was to identify the domain of glycoprotein E, to which the protective antibody ch14D5a binds. As a result, four recombinant variants of glycoprotein E were generated using the bacterial expression system: (1) the rE protein containing the domains D1, D2, and D3 of glycoprotein E; (2) the rED1+2 protein containing domains D1 and D2; (3) the rED3_301 protein, which is domain D3 of glycoprotein E, and (4) the rED3_294 protein comprising domain D3 and a hinge region connecting domains D1 and D3. The rED3_294 and rED3_301 proteins were obtained in soluble monomeric form. The rE and rED1+2 proteins were extracted from the inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. Using Western blot analysis and surface plasmon resonance analysis, it was demonstrated that the protective chimeric antibody ch14D5a and its Fab fragment bound specifically to domain D3 of glycoprotein E. Since the antibodies recognizing epitopes on the surface of domain D3 do not tend to cause antibody-dependent enhancement of the infection as compared to antibodies directed to domains D1 and D2, the data obtained confirm the promise of using the antibody ch14D5a in the development of a therapeutic preparation against the tick-borne encephalitis virus.
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Loureiro FC, Neff H, Melcher EU, Roque RA, de Figueiredo RM, Thirstrup C, Borre MB, Lima AM. Simplified immunoassay for rapid Dengue serotype diagnosis, revealing insensitivity to non-specific binding interference. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Yam-Puc JC, Cedillo-Barrón L, Aguilar-Medina EM, Ramos-Payán R, Escobar-Gutiérrez A, Flores-Romo L. The Cellular Bases of Antibody Responses during Dengue Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:218. [PMID: 27375618 PMCID: PMC4893500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most significant human viral pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause from an asymptomatic disease to mild undifferentiated fever, classical dengue, and severe dengue. Neutralizing memory antibody (Ab) responses are one of the most important mechanisms that counteract reinfections and are therefore the main aim of vaccination. However, it has also been proposed that in dengue, some of these class-switched (IgG) memory Abs might worsen the disease. Although these memory Abs derive from B cells by T-cell-dependent processes, we know rather little about the (acute, chronic, or memory) B cell responses and the complex cellular mechanisms generating these Abs during DENV infections. This review aims to provide an updated and comprehensive perspective of the B cell responses during DENV infection, starting since the very early events such as the cutaneous DENV entrance and the arrival into draining lymph nodes, to the putative B cell activation, proliferation, and germinal centers (GCs) formation (the source of affinity-matured class-switched memory Abs), till the outcome of GC reactions such as the generation of plasmablasts, Ab-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. We discuss topics very poorly explored such as the possibility of B cell infection by DENV or even activation-induced B cell death. The current information about the nature of the Ab responses to DENV is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Elsa Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa (UAS) , Culiacan, Sinaloa , Mexico
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa (UAS) , Culiacan, Sinaloa , Mexico
| | - Alejandro Escobar-Gutiérrez
- Department for Immunological Investigations, Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, Health Secretariat , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
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Lisova O, Belkadi L, Bedouelle H. Direct and indirect interactions in the recognition between a cross-neutralizing antibody and the four serotypes of dengue virus. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:205-14. [PMID: 24591178 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most important vector-borne viral disease. Four serotypes of dengue virus, DENV1 to DENV4, coexist. Secondary infection by a different serotype is a risk factor for severe dengue. Monoclonal antibody mAb4E11 neutralizes the four serotypes of DENV with varying efficacies by recognizing an epitope located within domain-III (ED3) of the viral envelope (E) protein. To better understand the cross-reactivities between mAb4E11 and the four serotypes of DENV, we constructed mutations in both Fab4E11 fragment and ED3, and we searched for indirect interactions in the crystal structures of the four complexes. According to the serotype, 7 to 12 interactions are mediated by one water molecule, 1 to 10 by two water molecules, and several of these interactions are conserved between serotypes. Most interfacial water molecules make hydrogen bonds with both antibody and antigen. Some residues or atomic groups are engaged in both direct and water-mediated interactions. The doubly-indirect interactions are more numerous in the complex of lowest affinity. The third complementarity determining region of the light chain (L-CDR3) of mAb4E11 does not contact ED3. The structures and double-mutant thermodynamic cycles showed that the effects of (hyper)-mutations in L-CDR3 on affinity were caused by conformational changes and indirect interactions with ED3 through other CDRs. Exchanges of residues between ED3 serotypes showed that their effects on affinity were context dependent. Thus, conformational changes, structural context, and indirect interactions should be included when studying cross-reactivity between antibodies and different serotypes of viral antigens for a better design of diagnostics, vaccine, and therapeutic tools against DENV and other Flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesia Lisova
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015, Paris, France; CNRS, URA3012, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
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12
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Detection of serotype-specific antibodies to the four dengue viruses using an immune complex binding (ICB) ELISA. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2580. [PMID: 24386498 PMCID: PMC3873247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) infections are preferentially diagnosed by detection of specific IgM antibodies, DENV NS1 antigen assays or by amplification of viral RNA in serum samples of the patients. The type-specific immunity to the four worldwide circulating DENV serotypes can be determined by neutralization assays. An alternative to the complicated neutralization assays would be helpful to study the serotype-specific immune response in people in DENV hyperendemic areas but also in subjects upon DENV vaccination. Methods In consecutive samples of patients with DENV-1- 4 infection type-specific antibodies were detected using an immune complex binding (ICB) ELISA. During incubation of serum samples and enzyme- labeled recombinant envelope domain III (EDIII) antigens immune complexes (ICs) are formed, which are simultaneously bound to a solid phase coated with an Fc–receptor (CD32). After a single washing procedure the bound labeled ICs can be determined. To further improve type-specific reactions high concentrations of competing heterologous unlabeled ED III proteins were added to the labeled antigens. Results Follow-up serum samples of 64 patients with RT-PCR confirmed primary DENV-1, -2, -3 or -4 infections were tested against four enzyme-labeled recombinant DENV EDIII antigens. Antibodies to the EDIII antigens were found in 55 patients (sensitivity 86%). A complete agreement between the serotype detected by PCR in early samples and the serotype-specific antibody in later samples was found. Type-specific anti-EDIII antibodies were first detected 9–20 days after onset of the disease. In 21% of the samples collected from people in Vietnam secondary infections with antibodies to two serotypes could be identified. Conclusions The data obtained with the ICB-ELISA show that after primary DENV infection the corresponding type-specific antibodies are detected in almost all samples collected at least two weeks after onset of the disease. The method will be of value to determine the distribution of the various type-specific anti–DENV antibodies in DENV endemic areas. Infections with four different dengue viruses are threatening 2.5 billion people in tropical countries. Since most antibodies to these four viruses are cross-reacting, a type-specific ELISA would be valuable to study the immune response to the circulating viruses in patients but also in healthy subjects in endemic counties. Therefore a novel DENV immune complex binding (ICB) ELISA was developed to detect serotype-specific antibodies to all four dengue virus serotypes in human serum samples. The tests use labeled recombinant EDIII antigens of the four DENV strains. Numerous samples of patients with RT-PCR confirmed dengue fever were assessed by the new method. In samples of 55 patients with primary dengue fever full agreement between the serotype detected by RT-PCR and the serotype-specific antibody based on the ICB ELISA was obtained. The type-specific antibodies were not observed before the second week of illness. Our data suggest that using the ICB ELISA in healthy adult subjects in an endemic region (Vietnam) both primary and secondary infections can be identified. The method may help to analyze the distribution of the four dengue viruses in the tropics.
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