1
|
de Waure C, Sarnari L, Chiavarini M, Ianiro G, Monini M, Alunno A, Camilloni B. 10-Year Rotavirus Infection Surveillance: Epidemiological Trends in the Pediatric Population of Perugia Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1008. [PMID: 32033439 PMCID: PMC7036783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infections are a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children, and vaccination is currently recommended in Italy, according to the National Immunization Plan 2017-2019. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and molecular RV surveillance in the pediatric population of Perugia province, Umbria. Between September 2007 and August 2018, 663 RV-positive stool specimens were collected from children <15 years of age presenting with gastroenteritis to the emergency room of the Perugia province hospitals who were then hospitalized. Yearly hospitalization rates were expressed per 100,000 persons, and denominators were extrapolated from the National Institute of Statistics. During the 10-year surveillance, the epidemiological trend was fluctuating but slightly decreasing (Max: 89.7 per 100,000 in 2010/2011; Min: 34.8 per 100,000 in 2017/2018). The hospitalization rate was higher in males and in children under five years of age. Among common genotypes, G1P[8] was prevalent most of the years. The uncommon G12P [8] genotype emerged and was the most common in 2012/2013 (58.2%). Afterwards, its circulation remained high. As the Umbria Region started vaccinating from the 2018 birth cohort, our study reviewed pre-vaccination data and will help to assess the protection induced by vaccination and its effect on circulating strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara de Waure
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (C.d.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sarnari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (C.d.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Manuela Chiavarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (C.d.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Giovanni Ianiro
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Monini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Alunno
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Barbara Camilloni
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.A.); (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Collins P, Mulherin E, O'Shea H, Cashman O, Lennon G, Pidgeon E, Coughlan S, Hall W, Fanning S. Changing patterns of rotavirus strains circulating in Ireland: Re-emergence of G2P[4] and identification of novel genotypes in Ireland. J Med Virol 2015; 87:764-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Collins
- Department of Biological Sciences; Cork Institute of Technology; Cork Ireland
| | - Emily Mulherin
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety; School of Public Health; Physiotherapy and Population Science; Dublin Ireland
| | - Helen O'Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences; Cork Institute of Technology; Cork Ireland
| | - Olivia Cashman
- Department of Biological Sciences; Cork Institute of Technology; Cork Ireland
| | - Grainne Lennon
- Department of Biological Sciences; Cork Institute of Technology; Cork Ireland
| | - Eugene Pidgeon
- National Virus Reference Laboratory; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Suzie Coughlan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - William Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety; School of Public Health; Physiotherapy and Population Science; Dublin Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hokororo A, Kidenya BR, Seni J, Mapaseka S, Mphahlele J, Mshana SE. Predominance of rotavirus G1[P8] genotype among under-five children with gastroenteritis in Mwanza, Tanzania. J Trop Pediatr 2014; 60:393-6. [PMID: 24859323 PMCID: PMC4481713 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed stool samples from underfives with gastroenteritis for rotavirus infection between January 2010 and June 2011. A total of 393 stool specimens were examined for rotavirus infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hundred selected positive specimens were genotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Out of 393 underfives, 194 (49.4%) had rotavirus infection, with 96.9% of infected underfives being <2 years. Underfives infected with rotavirus had prolonged hospital stay than those without rotavirus infection (P = 0.0001). G1 was the most predominant G type (59%) followed by G8 (13%) while P[8] was the most predominant P type (25%). In single-type infection, common G-P combinations were G1P[8] (24%) and G1P[6] (17%). Common mixed infections were G1/G8 (16%) and P4/P8 (13%). G1 genotype is common among underfives with gastroenteritis in Mwanza. Diversity of genotypes causing gastroenteritis in Mwanza necessitates a continuous surveillance after the introduction of RotaRix® vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfine Hokororo
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Bugando Medical Centre, P.O.Box 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Benson R. Kidenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jeremiah Seni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Seheri Mapaseka
- Department of Virology, University of Limpopo, College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 173, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey Mphahlele
- Department of Virology, University of Limpopo, College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 173, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chandler-Bostock R, Hancox LR, Nawaz S, Watts O, Iturriza-Gomara M, Mellits KH, Mellits KM. Genetic diversity of porcine group A rotavirus strains in the UK. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:27-37. [PMID: 25123085 PMCID: PMC4158422 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study of rotavirus genotypes circulating in UK pigs. Rotavirus transmission between pigs and humans is not thought to be common in the UK. Human rotavirus genotype P[8] found in a UK pig. The uncommon rotavirus genotype P[32] is widespread in UK pig herds.
Rotavirus is endemic in pig farms where it causes a loss in production. This study is the first to characterise porcine rotavirus circulating in UK pigs. Samples from diarrheic pigs with rotavirus enteritis obtained between 2010 and 2012 were genotyped in order to determine the diversity of group A rotavirus (GARV) in UK pigs. A wide range of rotavirus genotypes were identified in UK pigs: six G types (VP7); G2, G3, G4, G5, G9 and G11 and six P types (VP4); P[6], P[7], P[8], P[13], P[23], and P[32]. With the exception of a single P[8] isolate, there was less than 95% nucleotide identity between sequences from this study and any available rotavirus sequences. The G9 and P[6] genotypes are capable of infecting both humans and pigs, but showed no species cross-over within the UK as they were shown to be genetically distinct, which suggested zoonotic transmission is rare within the UK. We identified the P[8] genotype in one isolate, this genotype is almost exclusively found in humans. The P[8] was linked to a human Irish rotavirus isolate in the same year. The discovery of human genotype P[8] rotavirus in a UK pig confirms this common human genotype can infect pigs and also highlights the necessity of surveillance of porcine rotavirus genotypes to safeguard human as well as porcine health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chandler-Bostock
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Division of Food Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Laura R Hancox
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Division of Food Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sameena Nawaz
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Oliver Watts
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Division of Food Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | | | - Kenneth M Mellits
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Division of Food Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
MELLOU K, KATSIOULIS A, POTAMITI-KOMI M, POURNARAS S, KYRITSI M, KATSIAFLAKA A, KALLIMANI A, KOKKINOS P, PETINAKI E, SIDEROGLOU T, GEORGAKOPOULOU T, VANTARAKIS A, HADJICHRISTODOULOU C. A large waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak in central Greece, March 2012: challenges for the investigation and management. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:40-50. [PMID: 23632123 PMCID: PMC9152616 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2012, there was an unusual increase of gastroenteritis cases in a district with 37,264 inhabitants in central Greece. It was estimated that more than 3600 people developed symptoms. A 1:1 case-control study showed that consumption of tap water was a risk factor for acquiring infection [odds ratio (OR) 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-4.28]. Descriptive data, low gastroenteritis incidence in adjacent areas with different water supply systems, and water-quality data further supported the hypothesis of a waterborne outbreak. Thirty-eight stool samples were positive for rotavirus. Bacterial indicators of recent faecal contamination were detected in samples from the water source and ice cubes from a local production enterprise. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains, apart from the common strain, G3[P8], identified the unusual G/P combination G2P[8]. Water sanitation measures contributed to the control of the outbreak. This outbreak demonstrated the need for the cooperation of laboratories with different expertise and the importance of early notification of waterborne gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. MELLOU
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention, Athens, Greece
| | - A. KATSIOULIS
- University of Thessaly, Regional Public Health Laboratory of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - M. POTAMITI-KOMI
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention, Athens, Greece
| | - S. POURNARAS
- University of Thessaly, Regional Public Health Laboratory of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - M. KYRITSI
- University of Thessaly, Regional Public Health Laboratory of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A. KATSIAFLAKA
- University of Thessaly, Regional Public Health Laboratory of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A. KALLIMANI
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention, Athens, Greece
| | - P. KOKKINOS
- University of Patras, Department of Medicine, Public Health, Patras, Greece
| | - E. PETINAKI
- University of Thessaly, Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - T. SIDEROGLOU
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention, Athens, Greece
| | - T. GEORGAKOPOULOU
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention, Athens, Greece
| | - A. VANTARAKIS
- University of Patras, Department of Medicine, Public Health, Patras, Greece
| | - C. HADJICHRISTODOULOU
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention, Athens, Greece
- University of Thessaly, Regional Public Health Laboratory of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bagordo F, Grassi T, Idolo A, Serio F, Gabutti G, De Donno A. Rotavirus Occurrence in Shellfish with Low Levels of E. coli. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2013; 5:169-175. [PMID: 23897404 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-013-9119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate "in field" the accumulation of virus in shellfish and compare it with the concentration of bacterial indicators. Individuals of Mytilus galloprovincialis were placed in two sampling station located in a contaminated coastal bay and in one control station located one kilometer offshore. The presence of Rotavirus and E. coli was assessed weekly both in seawater and in shellfish samples. The Rotavirus genome was detected in water, preliminarily concentrated by tangential flow ultrafiltration method, and in hepatopancreas of mussels by Real-Time PCR. E. coli was enumerated in water matrices by a filtering method and in mussels by the MPN method. Rotaviruses were not recorded in seawater, while in mussels they were detected since third week after placement. E. coli in mussels were always below the limits set in the Regulation (EC) 854/2004. This study suggests the need for a viral indicator to insure the safety for consumption of shellfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bagordo
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Donno A, Grassi T, Bagordo F, Idolo A, Serio F, Gabutti G. Detection of viruses in coastal seawater using Mytilus galloprovincialis as an accumulation matrix. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2012; 4:81-88. [PMID: 23412814 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-012-9079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that shellfish can be used to detect enteric viruses in marine waters where they are present at very low concentrations. Aqua-cultured mussels were placed in the sea just off the mouth of a drainage channel affected by human and animal faecal contamination. Samples were taken from the channel, the sea and the mussels at intervals over two 4-week periods. The samples were tested to verify the presence of both rotaviruses and E. coli. Rotaviruses were detected by Real Time-PCR, typed by multiplex PCR and subsequently sequenced. E. coli was enumerated in water matrices by a filtering method and in mussels by the MPN method. The presence of E. coli in the examined matrices demonstrates contamination of faecal origin throughout the studied environments. Rotaviruses were recorded in channel waters, but not in sea water. In both experiments, rotaviruses were detected in mussels 21 and 28 days after being placed in the sea water off the channel mouth. The use of mussels thus enabled the detection of rotaviruses in waters where the high dilution rendered direct investigation impossible. This study indicates that mussels can be used in marine virological surveillance programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Donno
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DiSTeBA), University of the Salento, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
The unpredictable diversity of co-circulating rotavirus types in Europe and the possible impact of universal mass vaccination programmes on rotavirus genotype incidence. Vaccine 2012; 30:4596-605. [PMID: 22579864 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the incidence of group A rotavirus (RV) types isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in European countries during the last 5-10 years, with the aim of establishing an overview of RV diversity before the introduction of universal mass vaccination (UMV) programmes against RV disease in most European countries. Consistent with findings from previous surveys, a high degree of diversity of co-circulating RV types exists in different locations of Europe, and over different RV seasons. Whilst RV UMV can potentially change the diversity of co-circulating genotypes, there are at present insufficient data for Europe to come to firm conclusions. Even in countries outside Europe, with several years of RV surveillance following the introduction of RV UMV (Brazil, Australia, USA), it is not clear whether changes observed in the diversity of particular RV types are due to natural fluctuations or immunological pressure exerted by RV UMVs. Consequently, it will be very difficult for European countries that have RV UMVs to conclude whether incidence changes of RV types in children with AGE are driven by immune pressures from vaccination or simply reflect natural temporal and spatial fluctuations. Whilst the monitoring of co-circulating RV strains should be continued, it should be acknowledged that the licensed monovalent and pentavalent RV vaccines are similarly effective in developed countries and that levels of RV type-specific neutralising antibodies after RV vaccination are only partially correlated with the degree of protection achieved; therefore, the significance of RV diversity for RV vaccination may be less important than is often assumed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ogilvie I, Khoury H, Goetghebeur MM, El Khoury AC, Giaquinto C. Burden of community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in the pediatric population of Western Europe: a scoping review. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:62. [PMID: 22429601 PMCID: PMC3342230 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus affects 95% of children worldwide by age 5 years and is the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea. The objective of this review was to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in the Western European pediatric population. METHODS A comprehensive literature search (1999-2010) was conducted in PubMed and other sources (CDC; WHO, others). Data on the epidemiology and burden of RVGE among children < 5 years-old in Western Europe --including hospital-acquired disease--were extracted. RESULTS 76 studies from 16 countries were identified. The mean percentage of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases caused by rotavirus ranged from 25.3%-63.5% in children < 5 years of age, peaking during winter. Incidence rates of RVGE ranged from 1.33-4.96 cases/100 person- years. Hospitalization rates for RVGE ranged from 7% to 81% among infected children, depending on the country. Nosocomial RVGE accounted for 47%-69% of all hospital-acquired AGE and prolonged hospital stays by 4-12 days. Each year, RVGE incurred $0.54- $53.6 million in direct medical costs and $1.7-$22.4 million in indirect costs in the 16 countries studied. Full serotyping data was available for 8 countries. G1P[8], G2P[4], G9P[8], and G3P[8] were the most prevalent serotypes (cumulative frequency: 57.2%- 98.7%). Serotype distribution in nosocomial RVGE was similar. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms that RVGE is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and costs across Western Europe. A vaccine protecting against multiple serotypes may decrease the epidemiological and cost burden of RVGE in Western Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isla Ogilvie
- BioMedCom Consultants Inc., 1405 TransCanada Highway, Suite 310, Montreal, QC, H9P 2V9, Canada
| | - Hanane Khoury
- BioMedCom Consultants Inc., 1405 TransCanada Highway, Suite 310, Montreal, QC, H9P 2V9, Canada
| | - Mireille M Goetghebeur
- BioMedCom Consultants Inc., 1405 TransCanada Highway, Suite 310, Montreal, QC, H9P 2V9, Canada
| | | | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grassi T, Bagordo F, Cavallaro A, Guido M, Malaventura C, Gabutti G, De Donno A. Sequence analysis of human rotavirus strains: comparison of clinical isolates from Northern and Southern Italy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:575-82. [PMID: 21796344 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The surveillance and monitoring of rotavirus (RV)-related diseases, preferably through the establishment of sentinel surveillance sites, are essential for assessing the need for vaccination and the projected results of the vaccine in terms of reducing the burden of disease. The objective of the present study was to compare RV strains isolated in Northern (Ferrara) and Southern (Galatina-LE) Italy. During 2007-2008, 115 RV-positive stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea admitted to the hospitals of Ferrara and Galatina. The specimens were genotyped for VP7 (G-type) and VP4 (P-type) gene by reverse transcription (RT) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A subset of 21 RV strains was randomly selected and characterized by sequence analysis of the VP7 genes. In total, seven G/P combinations (G1P[8], G2P[4], G4P[8], G9P[8], G2P[8], G1P[9], and G2P[10]) were identified. Phylogenetic comparison of the VP7 encoding gene of selected strains showed that there was similarity among RV strains circulating in Northern and Southern Italy. The observation of nucleotide sequence diversity contributes to a better understanding of RV spreading and helps to characterize the various antigenic shifts that could have an impact on vaccine effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Grassi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology (DiSTeBA), University of the Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
G2 as an emerging rotavirus strain in pediatric gastroenteritis in southern Italy. Infection 2011; 39:113-9. [PMID: 21437737 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rotaviruses (HRVs) represent a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. It is estimated that they are responsible for a large number of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations in childhood each year. In Italy, limited data are available on the patterns of distribution of HRV G and P types. We report here the results of 2 years of rotavirus strain surveillance among children with severe gastroenteritis diagnosed in the town of Portici, Campania, southern Italy. METHODS A total of 421 stool specimens from children between 6 months and 5 years of age and presenting acute diarrhea were collected and tested by routine diagnostic tests for HRV, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, and common bacterial pathogens. RESULTS The laboratory results showed that 110 of the 225 (26.1%) virus-positive samples contained HRVs. The different G and P rotavirus genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the VP7 genotypes identified, G1 and G2 were predominant, with percentages of 48.2 and 30.9%, respectively. G4, G9, and G10 were detected in a minority of cases. Among the VP4 genotypes, P[8] occurred the most frequently (56.4%), followed by P[4] (31.8%), and only a few P[10] and P[11] at percentages of 1.8 and 0.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our epidemiological data of HRV strains will contribute to assessing the magnitude of the problem of HRV in the south of Italy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lugoli F, Leopizzi MI, Bagordo F, Grassi T, Guido M, De Donno A. Widespread microbiological groundwater contamination in the South-eastern Salento (Puglia-Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:192-200. [DOI: 10.1039/c0em00193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Zuccotti G, Meneghin F, Dilillo D, Romanò L, Bottone R, Mantegazza C, Giacchino R, Besana R, Ricciardi G, Sterpa A, Altamura N, Andreotti M, Montrasio G, Macchi L, Pavan A, Paladini S, Zanetti A, Radaelli G. Epidemiological and clinical features of rotavirus among children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Northern Italy. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:218. [PMID: 20649961 PMCID: PMC2918608 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children. METHODS To estimate the proportion of hospital admissions for rotavirus acute gastroenteritis and identify the circulating G and P genotypes among children under five years of age, we conducted a prospective observational study from January to December 2008, recruiting children consecutively admitted to six hospitals in Milan and nearby towns in northern Italy. Typing was done on stool samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification. RESULTS Of the 521 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis, 34.9% (95%CI, 30.8 to 39.2%) were rotavirus-positive. Two thirds (67.6%) were under two years of age, and 13.2% were under six months. The predominant G type was G1 (40.7%), followed by G9 (22.5%), G2 (13.2%), G3 (5.5%), G4 (3.8%) and G10 (1.6%). Twenty-one (11.7%) mixed-G infections were identified: G1+G10 (8.8%); G1+G9 (1.6%); and G2+G10 (1.2%). Only P[8] (67.6%) and P[4] (12.6%) types were P genotyped. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P[8] (39.7%), followed by G9P[8] (25.3%), G2P[4] (14.3%), and G3P[8] (4.1%). All G-mixed types combined with P[8]. CONCLUSIONS These findings show an high prevalence of rotavirus infections among children admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis caused by different rotavirus strains circulating in the area studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Meneghin
- Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Dilillo
- Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Romanò
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Virology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottone
- Department of Paediatrics, "Guido Salvini" Hospital, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mantegazza
- Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacchino
- Department of Paediatrics, "Guido Salvini" Hospital, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
| | - Roberto Besana
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricciardi
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Sesto San Giovanni, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Andrea Sterpa
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Carate Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | - Nicola Altamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Sesto San Giovanni, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Montrasio
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale Provinciale di Saronno, Saronno, Italy
| | - Luigi Macchi
- Unit for Prevention, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of the Health's General Office of Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pavan
- Unit for Prevention, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of the Health's General Office of Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Paladini
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Virology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zanetti
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Virology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Radaelli
- Department of Paediatrics and Unit of Medical Statistics, Università di Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
AnnaRita P, Grassi T, Donia D, De Donno A, Idolo A, Alfio C, Alessandri C, Alberto S, Divizia M. Detection and molecular characterization of human rotaviruses isolated in Italy and Albania. J Med Virol 2010; 82:510-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|