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Lin HC, Golic MM, Hill HJ, Lemons KF, Vuong TT, Smith M, Golic F, Golic KG. Drosophila ring chromosomes interact with sisters and homologs to produce anaphase bridges in mitosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.08.607186. [PMID: 39149325 PMCID: PMC11326264 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Ring chromosomes are known in many eukaryotic organisms, including humans. They are typically associated with a variety of maladies, including abnormal development and lethality. Underlying these phenotypes are anaphase chromatin bridges that can lead to chromosome loss, nondisjunction and breakage. By cytological examination of ring chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster we identified five causes for anaphase bridges produced by ring chromosomes. Catenation of sister chromatids is the most common cause and these bridges frequently resolve during anaphase, presumably by the action of topoisomerase II. Sister chromatid exchange and chromosome breakage followed by sister chromatid union also produce anaphase bridges. Mitotic recombination with the homolog was rare, but was another route to generation of anaphase bridges. Most surprising, was the discovery of homolog capture, where the ring chromosome was connected to its linear homolog in anaphase. We hypothesize that this is a remnant of mitotic pairing and that the linear chromosome is connected to the ring by multiple wraps produced through the action of topoisomerase II during establishment of homolog pairing. In support, we showed that in a ring/ring homozygote the two rings are frequently catenated in mitotic metaphase, a configuration that requires breaking and rejoining of at least one chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chen Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary M Golic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hunter J Hill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katherine F Lemons
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Truc T Vuong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Madison Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Forrest Golic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kent G Golic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Meza-Espinoza JP, González-García JR, Nieto-Marín N, Patrón-Baro LI, González-Arreola RM, Arámbula-Meraz E, Benítez-Pascual J, De la Herrán-Arita AK, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Valdez-Flores MA, Carrillo-Cázares TA, Picos-Cárdenas VJ. Chromosomal instability in a patient with ring chromosome 14 syndrome: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:17. [PMID: 39020403 PMCID: PMC11256661 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 14 syndrome is a rare disorder primarily marked by early-onset epilepsy, microcephaly, distinctive craniofacial features, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and delay in both development and language acquisition. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old woman with a history of epileptic seizures since the age of 1.5 years presented with distinctive craniofacial features, including a prominent and narrow forehead, sparse and short eyebrows, palpebral ptosis, horizontal palpebral fissures, a broad nasal bridge, a prominent nasal tip, a flat philtrum, hypertelorism, midfacial hypoplasia, horizontal labial fissures, a thin upper lip, crowded teeth, an ogival palate, retrognathia, and a wide neck. Additional physical abnormalities included kyphosis, lumbar scoliosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, thenar and hypothenar hypoplasia, bilateral hallux valgus, shortening of the Achilles tendon on the left foot, and hypoplasia of the labia minora. Chromosomal analysis identified a ring 14 chromosome with breakpoints in p11 and q32.33. An aCGH study revealed a ~ 1.7 Mb deletion on chromosome 14qter, encompassing 23 genes. Genomic instability was evidenced by the presence of micronuclei and aneuploidies involving the ring and other chromosomes. CONCLUSION The clinical features of our patient closely resembled those observed in other individuals with ring chromosome 14 syndrome. The most important point was that we were able to verify an instability of the r(14) chromosome, mainly involving anaphasic lags and its exclusion from the nucleus in the form of a micronucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Ramón González-García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Nayeli Nieto-Marín
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | - Liliana Itzel Patrón-Baro
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | | | - Eliakym Arámbula-Meraz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
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Jang S, Lee J, Kim SH, Han S, Shin SG, Lee S, Kang I, Jo WS, Jeong S, Oh SJ, Lee CG. Radiation dose estimation with multiple artificial neural networks in dicentric chromosome assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:865-874. [PMID: 38687685 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2338531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), often referred to as the 'gold standard' in radiation dose estimation, exhibits significant challenges as a consequence of its labor-intensive nature and dependency on expert knowledge. Existing automated technologies face limitations in accurately identifying dicentric chromosomes (DCs), resulting in decreased precision for radiation dose estimation. Furthermore, in the process of identifying DCs through automatic or semi-automatic methods, the resulting distribution could demonstrate under-dispersion or over-dispersion, which results in significant deviations from the Poisson distribution. In response to these issues, we developed an algorithm that employs deep learning to automatically identify chromosomes and perform fully automatic and accurate estimation of diverse radiation doses, adhering to a Poisson distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dataset utilized for the dose estimation algorithm was generated from 30 healthy donors, with samples created across seven doses, ranging from 0 to 4 Gy. The procedure encompasses several steps: extracting images for dose estimation, counting chromosomes, and detecting DC and fragments. To accomplish these tasks, we utilize a diverse array of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The identification of DCs was accomplished using a detection mechanism that integrates both deep learning-based object detection and classification methods. Based on these detection results, dose-response curves were constructed. A dose estimation was carried out by combining a regression-based ANN with the Monte-Carlo method. RESULTS In the process of extracting images for dose analysis and identifying DCs, an under-dispersion tendency was observed. To rectify the discrepancy, classification ANN was employed to identify the results of DC detection. This approach led to satisfaction of Poisson distribution criteria by 32 out of the initial pool of 35 data points. In the subsequent stage, dose-response curves were constructed using data from 25 donors. Data provided by the remaining five donors served in performing dose estimations, which were subsequently calibrated by incorporating a regression-based ANN. Of the 23 points, 22 fell within their respective confidence intervals at p < .05 (95%), except for those associated with doses at levels below 0.5 Gy, where accurate calculation was obstructed by numerical issues. The accuracy of dose estimation has been improved for all radiation levels, with the exception of 1 Gy. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully demonstrates a high-precision dose estimation method across a general range up to 4 Gy through fully automated detection of DCs, adhering strictly to Poisson distribution. Incorporating multiple ANNs confirms the ability to perform fully automated radiation dose estimation. This approach is particularly advantageous in scenarios such as large-scale radiological incidents, improving operational efficiency and speeding up procedures while maintaining consistency in assessments. Moreover, it reduces potential human error and enhances the reliability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Jang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Janghee Lee
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wol Soon Jo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Sookyung Jeong
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Jung Oh
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Korea
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Kushwaha S, Stinnett V, Zou YS, Murry JB. Live-born autosomal ring chromosomes at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Cytogenomics Laboratory: Case series-Spanning 52 years of experience in a single center. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:253-267. [PMID: 37807876 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Ring chromosomes (RCs) are a structural aberration that can be tolerated better in acrocentric or gonosomal chromosomes. Complete RCs arise from telomere-telomere fusions. Alternatively, genomic imbalances corresponding to the ends of the chromosomal arms can be seen with RC formation. RCs are unstable in mitosis, result in mosaicism, and are associated with a "ring syndrome," which presents with growth and development phenotypes and differs from those features more frequently observed with pure terminal copy number changes. Due to variability in mosaicism, size, and genomic content, clear genotype-phenotype correlations may not always be possible. Given the rarity of RCs, this historical data is invaluable. We performed a retrospective review of individuals bearing RCs to investigate the incidence in our laboratory. This work details the methods and features seen in association with twenty-three autosomal RCs. In decreasing order, the most frequently seen autosomal RCs were 18, 22, 4, 13, 17, and 9. The additional cases detail clinical and cytogenomic events similar to those reported in RCs. As methodologies advance, insights may be gleaned from following up on these cases to improve genotype-phenotype correlations and understand the cryptic differences or other predisposing factors that lead to ring formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kushwaha
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Stinnett
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying S Zou
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaclyn B Murry
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Ibarra-Ramírez M, Campos-Acevedo LD, Martínez de Villarreal LE. Chromosomal Abnormalities of Interest in Turner Syndrome: An Update. J Pediatr Genet 2023; 12:263-272. [PMID: 38162151 PMCID: PMC10756729 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is caused by the total or partial loss of the second sex chromosome; it occurs in 1 every 2,500-3,000 live births. The clinical phenotype is highly variable and includes short stature and gonadal dysgenesis. In 1959, the chromosomal origin of the syndrome was recognized; patients had 45 chromosomes with a single X chromosome. TS presents numerical and structural abnormalities in the sex chromosomes, interestingly only 40% have a 45, X karyotype. The rest of the chromosomal abnormalities include mosaics, deletions of the short and long arms of the X chromosome, rings, and isochromosomes. Despite multiple studies to establish a relationship between the clinical characteristics and the different chromosomal variants in TS, a clear association cannot yet be established. Currently, different mechanisms involved in the phenotype have been explored. This review focuses to analyze the different chromosomal abnormalities and phenotypes in TS and discusses the possible mechanisms that lead to these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ibarra-Ramírez
- Department of Genetics, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Luis Daniel Campos-Acevedo
- Department of Genetics, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Laura E. Martínez de Villarreal
- Department of Genetics, “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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6
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Wen K, Zhang L, Cai Y, Teng H, Liang J, Yue Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wei R, Sun J. Identification and characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in patients with high myopia and cataract. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2192324. [PMID: 36945837 PMCID: PMC10038054 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2192324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the presence of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) in the anterior capsule of the lens in the eyes of patients with cataract and with high myopia. Circle-Seq was performed to identify differences in the eccDNA and gene expression between the anterior capsule of the lens of patients with simple nuclear cataract (C, n = 6 cases) and patients with nuclear cataract along with high myopia (HM, n = 6 cases). The expression of eccDNA was confirmed using routine quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The eccDNA ranked in C and HM ranged in length from 0.017 kb - 9.9 Mb with two distinctive peaks detected at 0.2 kb and 0.5 kb, while eccDNA that were differentially expressed ranged in size from 0.05 kb - 57.8 kb with two distinctive peaks observed at 0.1 kb and 0.5 kb. Only 2.5% of the eccDNA in C and 2% in HM were>25 kb in size. The gene-rich chromosomes contributed to more number of eccDNA/Mb, while several well-known high myopia candidate genes, including catenin delta 2 (CTNND2) and ubiquitin-like with PHD, exhibited significantly increased levels of eccDNA in the anterior capsule of the lens in patients with high myopia. This study highlighted the topologic analysis of the anterior capsule of eyes with high myopia, which is an emerging direction for research and clinical applications. These findings suggested that eccDNA was commonly detected in eyes with high myopia and cataracts, and the candidate genes for high myopia identified in previous studies were also observed in the eccDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | | | - Yang Cai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - He Teng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Jingli Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Yi Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Yaoling Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Yifang Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Ming Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
| | - Jing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
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7
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Schindler D, Walker RSK, Jiang S, Brooks AN, Wang Y, Müller CA, Cockram C, Luo Y, García A, Schraivogel D, Mozziconacci J, Pena N, Assari M, Sánchez Olmos MDC, Zhao Y, Ballerini A, Blount BA, Cai J, Ogunlana L, Liu W, Jönsson K, Abramczyk D, Garcia-Ruiz E, Turowski TW, Swidah R, Ellis T, Pan T, Antequera F, Shen Y, Nieduszynski CA, Koszul R, Dai J, Steinmetz LM, Boeke JD, Cai Y. Design, construction, and functional characterization of a tRNA neochromosome in yeast. Cell 2023; 186:5237-5253.e22. [PMID: 37944512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the design, construction, and characterization of a tRNA neochromosome, a designer chromosome that functions as an additional, de novo counterpart to the native complement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Intending to address one of the central design principles of the Sc2.0 project, the ∼190-kb tRNA neochromosome houses all 275 relocated nuclear tRNA genes. To maximize stability, the design incorporates orthogonal genetic elements from non-S. cerevisiae yeast species. Furthermore, the presence of 283 rox recombination sites enables an orthogonal tRNA SCRaMbLE system. Following construction in yeast, we obtained evidence of a potent selective force, manifesting as a spontaneous doubling in cell ploidy. Furthermore, tRNA sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, nucleosome mapping, replication profiling, FISH, and Hi-C were undertaken to investigate questions of tRNA neochromosome behavior and function. Its construction demonstrates the remarkable tractability of the yeast model and opens up opportunities to directly test hypotheses surrounding these essential non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schindler
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roy S K Walker
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland; School of Natural Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shuangying Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aaron N Brooks
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Carolin A Müller
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK
| | - Charlotte Cockram
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yisha Luo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Alicia García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Schraivogel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Mozziconacci
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Noah Pena
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mahdi Assari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Yu Zhao
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alba Ballerini
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Benjamin A Blount
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jitong Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lois Ogunlana
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland
| | - Katarina Jönsson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland
| | - Dariusz Abramczyk
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland
| | - Eva Garcia-Ruiz
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Tomasz W Turowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Reem Swidah
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Tom Ellis
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Francisco Antequera
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yue Shen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Conrad A Nieduszynski
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK
| | - Romain Koszul
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Junbiao Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Boyd RJ, Murry JB, Morsberger LA, Klausner M, Chen S, Gocke CD, McCallion AS, Zou YS. Ring Chromosomes in Hematological Malignancies Are Associated with TP53 Gene Mutations and Characteristic Copy Number Variants. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5439. [PMID: 38001699 PMCID: PMC10670249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosomes (RC) are present in <10% of patients with hematological malignancies and are associated with poor prognosis. Until now, only small cohorts of patients with hematological neoplasms and concomitant RCs have been cytogenetically characterized. Here, we performed a conventional chromosome analysis on metaphase spreads from >13,000 patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies at the Johns Hopkins University Hospital and identified 98 patients with RCs-90 with myeloid malignancies and 8 with lymphoid malignancies. We also performed a targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) assay, using a panel of 642 cancer genes, to identify whether these patients harbor relevant pathogenic variants. Cytogenetic analyses revealed that RCs and marker chromosomes of unknown origin are concurrently present in most patients by karyotyping, and 93% of patients with NGS data have complex karyotypes. A total of 72% of these individuals have pathogenic mutations in TP53, most of whom also possess cytogenetic abnormalities resulting in the loss of 17p, including the loss of TP53. All patients with a detected RC and without complex karyotypes also lack TP53 mutations but have pathogenic mutations in TET2. Further, 70% of RCs that map to a known chromosome are detected in individuals without TP53 mutations. Our data suggest that RCs in hematological malignancies may arise through different mechanisms, but ultimately promote widespread chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Boyd
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.J.B.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Jaclyn B. Murry
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.B.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (S.C.); (C.D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura A. Morsberger
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.B.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (S.C.); (C.D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melanie Klausner
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.B.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (S.C.); (C.D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Suping Chen
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.B.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (S.C.); (C.D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher D. Gocke
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.B.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (S.C.); (C.D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew S. McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.J.B.); (A.S.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying S. Zou
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.B.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (S.C.); (C.D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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9
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Shimojima Yamamoto K, Tamura T, Okamoto N, Nishi E, Noguchi A, Takahashi I, Sawaishi Y, Shimizu M, Kanno H, Minakuchi Y, Toyoda A, Yamamoto T. Identification of small-sized intrachromosomal segments at the ends of INV-DUP-DEL patterns. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:751-757. [PMID: 37423943 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of chromosomal rearrangement associated with inverted-duplication-deletion (INV-DUP-DEL) pattern formation has been investigated by many researchers, and several possible mechanisms have been proposed. Currently, fold-back and subsequent dicentric chromosome formation has been established as non-recurrent INV-DUP-DEL pattern formation mechanisms. In the present study, we analyzed the breakpoint junctions of INV-DUP-DEL patterns in five patients using long-read whole-genome sequencing and detected 2.2-6.1 kb copy-neutral regions in all five patients. At the end of the INV-DUP-DEL, two patients exhibited chromosomal translocations, which are recognized as telomere capture, and one patient showed direct telomere healing. The remaining two patients had additional small-sized intrachromosomal segments at the end of the derivative chromosomes. These findings have not been previously reported but they may only be explained by the presence of telomere capture breakage. Further investigations are required to better understand the mechanisms underlying this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shimojima Yamamoto
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takeaki Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate Scholl of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Atsuko Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yukio Sawaishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita Prefectural Center on Development and Disability, Akita, 010-0000, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kanno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yohei Minakuchi
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-0801, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-0801, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate Scholl of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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10
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Zhou L, Li H, Xu C, Xu X, Zheng Z, Tang S. Characteristics and mechanisms of mosaicism in prenatal diagnosis cases by application of SNP array. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:13. [PMID: 37400883 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the application of chromosome microarray, next-generation sequencing and other highly sensitive genetic techniques in disease diagnosis, the detection of mosaicism has become increasingly prevalent. This study involved a retrospective analysis of SNP array testing on 4512 prenatal diagnosis samples, wherein the characterization of mosaicism was explored and insights were gained into the underlying mechanisms thereof. RESULTS Using SNP array, a total of 44 cases of mosaicism were identified among 4512 prenatal diagnostic cases; resulting in a detection rate of approximately 1.0%. The prevalence of mosaicism was 4.1% for chorionic villus sample, 0.4% for amniotic fluid, and 1.3% for umbilical cord blood. Of these cases, 29 were mosaic aneuploidy and 15 were mosaic segmental duplication/deletion. Three cases of mosaic trisomy 16 and three cases of mosaic trisomy 22 were diagnosed in the CVS samples, while four cases of mosaic trisomy 21 were detected in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood samples. The distribution pattern of mosaicism suggested trisomy rescue as the underlying mechanism. Structurally rearranged chromosomes were observed, including three cases with supernumerary marker chromosomes, three cases with dicentric chromosomes, and one case with a ring chromosome. All mosaic segmental duplication/deletion cases were the result of mitotic non-disjunction, with the exception of one case involving mosaic11q segmental duplication. CONCLUSION Improved utilization of SNP arrays enables the characterization of mosaicism and facilitates the estimation of disease mechanisms and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Khalifa Y, Hassan HY, Weise A, Liehr T, Alkhayyat H. Molecular cytogenetic and phenotypic characterization of Phelan McDermid and 22q13 duplication syndrome: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:52. [PMID: 36528601 PMCID: PMC9759880 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PHMDS) is a rare genetic disorder mostly caused by haploinsufficincy of SHANK3 gene, and characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, minor dysmorphic features, seizures and behavior problems. Literature of this syndrome is scanty and confusing, and represents a challenge for pediatricians, in terms of finding the correct diagnoses. CASE PRESENTATION In a postnatal case with hypotonia and dysmorphic features a de novo ring chromosome r(22) leading to in parallel microdeletion and micro duplication in 22q13 was diagnosed by banding cytogenetics, and further characterized in detail by molecular cytogenetic and chromosomal microarray. CONCLUSION Here a rare PHMDS case caused by a r(22) is presented. Less than 10 comparable cases are reported in the literature. The present case highlights the importance of conducting genetic counseling and appropriate genetic tests for newborns with mild dysmorphic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Khalifa
- grid.514028.a0000 0004 0474 1033Department of Pediatrics, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hisham Y. Hassan
- grid.514028.a0000 0004 0474 1033Banoon ART and Cytogenetics Centre, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, P.O. Box: 28743, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anja Weise
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224University Hospital Jena, Friedrich, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224University Hospital Jena, Friedrich, Jena, Germany
| | - Haya Alkhayyat
- grid.514028.a0000 0004 0474 1033Department of Pediatrics, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
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12
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Burssed B, Zamariolli M, Bellucco FT, Melaragno MI. Mechanisms of structural chromosomal rearrangement formation. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:23. [PMID: 35701783 PMCID: PMC9199198 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural chromosomal rearrangements result from different mechanisms of formation, usually related to certain genomic architectural features that may lead to genetic instability. Most of these rearrangements arise from recombination, repair, or replication mechanisms that occur after a double-strand break or the stalling/breakage of a replication fork. Here, we review the mechanisms of formation of structural rearrangements, highlighting their main features and differences. The most important mechanisms of constitutional chromosomal alterations are discussed, including Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR), Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ), Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS), and Microhomology-Mediated Break-Induced Replication (MMBIR). Their involvement in chromoanagenesis and in the formation of complex chromosomal rearrangements, inverted duplications associated with terminal deletions, and ring chromosomes is also outlined. We reinforce the importance of high-resolution analysis to determine the DNA sequence at, and near, their breakpoints in order to infer the mechanisms of formation of structural rearrangements and to reveal how cells respond to DNA damage and repair broken ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Burssed
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Malú Zamariolli
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Bellucco
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Paz-y-Miño C, Medranda C, Loaiza A, Ponce M, Leone PE. Rare pathology derived from a ring chromosome 15. Clinical, genomic and protein interactome of genes associated with the phenotype. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The case of a 4-year-two-month-old female patient is presented, who consulted for a special phenotype: psychomotor retardation, short stature, microcephaly, large and low-set ears, small forehead, prominent brow ridges, labial commissure open, ocular hypertelorism, short neck, mammary hypertelorism and pectus excavatum. The objective of this study is to analyze a patient with unusual phenotypic traits, through physical examination, comparative analysis with other cases, and genetic studies. The cytogenetic study revealed a mosaic karyotype, mos 46,XX,r(15)(q26.3)/46,XX with the presence of the ring in 83%. The genetic mapping array study identified the loss of 3.5 Mb in 15q26.3. Among the genes lost in the terminal region of 15q, an interaction between their protein products was evidenced according to the STRING analysis. This is the second case of a ring chromosome 15 reported in Ecuador. And it would be the 101st in the world since 1966. The special phenotype of these individuals is related to the amount of genetic material lost. The genes involved in the formation of the ring, as well as the proteins that determine these genes and the relationships in different cellular pathways, are analyzed in silico in order to understand the pathophysiology of this disorder. Its diagnosis is mostly postnatal, so the clinical approach differs individually according to the symptoms and signs that appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Paz-y-Miño
- Academia Ecuatoriana de Medicina. Academia Ecuatoriana de Medicina, calles Sodiro y Valparaíso. Pabellón 4. 170136 Quito, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-7344 2 Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Genética Humana. 3 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo. Universidad UTE. Quito, Ecuador
| | - Camila Medranda
- Genomics Lab. Amazonas N39-82 y Pereira. Edificio Casa Vivanco, piso 6
| | - Alejandra Loaiza
- Genomics Lab. Amazonas N39-82 y Pereira. Edificio Casa Vivanco, piso 6
| | - Mishell Ponce
- Genomics Lab. Amazonas N39-82 y Pereira. Edificio Casa Vivanco, piso 6
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14
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Chen M, Ke X, Liang H, Gong F, Yang H, Wang L, Duan L, Pan H, Cao D, Zhu H. The phenotype and rhGH treatment response of ring Chromosome 15 Syndrome: Case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1842. [PMID: 34747577 PMCID: PMC8683626 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ring chromosome 15 [r (15)] is an uncommon finding with various clinical manifestations. A common phenotype for these patients has not been established and data on the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in patients with r (15) syndrome are limited. Methods One short stature patient in our hospital with r (15) syndrome by whole exome sequencing (WES) and karyotype examination was included. All published r (15) syndrome cases as of March 15, 2021, were searched, and their clinical information was recorded and summarized. Results One 11.5‐year‐old female with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, ventricular septal defect, intellectual disability, downward corners, short fifth metacarpal bone, scattered milk coffee spots, and a right ovarian cyst was included. Her height was 126.9 cm (−3.45 SDS). Karyotype analysis showed 46, XX, r (15). WES revealed a 4.5 Mb heterozygous deletion in the chromosome 15q26.2‐q26.3 region, encompassing genes from ARRDC4 to OR4F15. Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogue (triptorelin) and rhGH were administered for 6 months. The height has increased 3.8 cm (+0.2SDS) and the calculated growth rate has improved from 4.7 to 7.6 cm/y. The literature review indicated the main clinical manifestations of r (15) syndrome with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, characteristic craniofacial features, and multisystem abnormalities, and rhGH treatment is beneficial for r (15) syndrome patients with short stature. Conclusion We delineate the clinical spectrum of r (15) syndrome with the identification of an additional individual and rhGH treatment is beneficial for r (15) syndrome patients with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Phillips EA, Caluseriu O, Schlade-Bartusiak K, Chernos J, McLeod DR, Thomas MA. Clinical and molecular characterization of an almost complete ring chromosome 4 in two sisters, with recurrence due to gonadal mosaicism. Clin Dysmorphol 2021; 30:173-176. [PMID: 34417371 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal ring chromosomes are rare cytogenetic findings that arise from breakage and fusion of the chromosome ends. Rings are mitotically unstable, usually sporadic and associated with a 'ring syndrome', characterized by a variable phenotype: growth retardation, no significant dysmorphisms and normal to moderately disabled intelligence. We describe the clinical features and molecular characterization of two sisters with ring chromosome 4. Karyotype analysis was performed on both sisters and parents. Chromosome microarray was performed on both sisters to delineate the breakpoint imbalance. Both sisters had a large ring 4 chromosome in the majority of cells analyzed on karyotype. Microarray results were identical in the sisters, showing a 55.8 kb duplication on the terminal 4p arm and a 1.5 Mb deletion on the terminal 4q arm. No genes of interest were identified in these regions. Parental karyotypes on lymphocytes and fibroblasts were normal, with no finding of mosaicism for the ring 4 chromosome. Polymorphic marker analysis revealed the maternal origin of the ring. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of a ring 4 chromosome recurring in siblings after extensive parental testing, which suggests this was due to maternal gonadal mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza A Phillips
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary
| | - Oana Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton
| | | | - Judy Chernos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary
| | - D Ross McLeod
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary
| | - Mary Ann Thomas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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16
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Pruccoli J, Graziano C, Locatelli C, Maltoni L, Sheikh Maye HA, Cordelli DM. Expanding the Neurological Phenotype of Ring Chromosome 10 Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101513. [PMID: 34680908 PMCID: PMC8535287 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 10 [r(10)] syndrome is a rare genetic condition, currently described in the medical literature in a small number of case report studies. Typical clinical features include microcephaly, short stature, facial dysmorphisms, ophthalmologic abnormalities and genitourinary malformations. We report a novel case of r(10) syndrome and review the neurological and neuroradiological phenotypes of the previously described cases. Our patient, a 3 year old Italian girl, represents the 20th case of r(10) syndrome described to date. Intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD), microcephaly, strabismus, hypotonia, stereotyped/aggressive behaviors and electroencephalographic abnormalities were identified in our patient, and in a series of previous cases. A brain MRI disclosed a complex malformation involving both the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres; in the literature, posterior cranial fossa abnormalities were documented by CT scan in another case. Two genes deleted in our case (ZMYND11 in 10p and EBF3 in 10q) are involved in autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by different expressions of brain and posterior cranial fossa abnormalities, ID/DD, hypotonia and behavioral problems. Our case expands the neurological and neuroradiological phenotype of r(10) syndrome. Although r(10) syndrome represents an extremely rare condition, with a clinical characterization limited to case reports, the recurrence of specific neurological and neuroradiological features suggests the need for specific genotype-phenotype studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pruccoli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche E Chirurgiche (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Graziano
- UO Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Chiara Locatelli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S.Orsola Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Lucia Maltoni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda USL della Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy;
| | - Hodman Ahmed Sheikh Maye
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuroradiologia, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche E Chirurgiche (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Rappaport Y, Achache H, Falk R, Murik O, Ram O, Tzur YB. Bisection of the X chromosome disrupts the initiation of chromosome silencing during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4802. [PMID: 34376665 PMCID: PMC8355143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, gene expression is silenced in aberrantly unsynapsed chromatin and in heterogametic sex chromosomes. Initiation of sex chromosome silencing is disrupted in meiocytes with sex chromosome-autosome translocations. To determine whether this is due to aberrant synapsis or loss of continuity of sex chromosomes, we engineered Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes with non-translocated, bisected X chromosomes. In early meiocytes of mutant males and hermaphrodites, X segments are enriched with euchromatin assembly markers and active RNA polymerase II staining, indicating active transcription. Analysis of RNA-seq data showed that genes from the X chromosome are upregulated in gonads of mutant worms. Contrary to previous models, which predicted that any unsynapsed chromatin is silenced during meiosis, our data indicate that unsynapsed X segments are transcribed. Therefore, our results suggest that sex chromosome chromatin has a unique character that facilitates its meiotic expression when its continuity is lost, regardless of whether or not it is synapsed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisrael Rappaport
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Achache
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roni Falk
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Murik
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Ram
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonatan B Tzur
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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18
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Shao HY, Wang HL, Wu H, Liu XY, Miao ZY. Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular analyses of a rare case with ring chromosome 15 and review of the literature. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 59:980-984. [PMID: 33218427 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ring chromosome 15 [r (15)], accompanied by a series of clinical symptoms, is a rare genetic disease. The genotype and phenotypic diversity of patients with r (15) still needed further enrichment. In this study we present a rare case of mosaic ring chromosome 15 with facial anomalies and extremities slenderness. CASE REPORT This case involves a 30-year-old woman, unpregnancy within 6 years. Clinical examination of the patient only revealed facial anomalies and extremities slenderness. The result of routine G-band karyotyping was 46,XX,r(15)(p12q26.3)[53]/46,XX,r(15;15)(p11.2q26.3;p11.2q11.2)[28]/45,XX, -15[10]/46,XX,r(15;15)(p11q26.3;p11q26.3)[4]. SNP array was employed to investigate the genome copy number variations (CNVs). The result revealed that there was a micro-duplication of 2.0 Mb at 15q26.3(arr[ph19]15q26.3 (100,400,214- 102,429,112)×3). The duplicated chromosomal section encompassed genes including CHSY1, ALDHIA3, LRRK1, and INS1. We further compared to the cytogenetic characteristics and clinical symptoms of the patient with those already reported by reviewing the literature. CONCLUSION This report is especially helpful to supplement the phenotypic diversity of patients with r (15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Shao
- Medical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Zong-Yu Miao
- Medical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Shandong, China.
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19
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Nikitina TV, Kashevarova AA, Gridina MM, Lopatkina ME, Khabarova AA, Yakovleva YS, Menzorov AG, Minina YA, Pristyazhnyuk IE, Vasilyev SA, Fedotov DA, Serov OL, Lebedev IN. Complex biology of constitutional ring chromosomes structure and (in)stability revealed by somatic cell reprogramming. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4325. [PMID: 33619287 PMCID: PMC7900208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ring chromosomes are often unstable during mitosis, and daughter cells can be partially or completely aneuploid. We studied the mitotic stability of four ring chromosomes, 8, 13, 18, and 22, in long-term cultures of skin fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by GTG karyotyping and aCGH. Ring chromosome loss and secondary aberrations were observed in all fibroblast cultures except for r(18). We found monosomy, fragmentation, and translocation of indexed chromosomes. In iPSCs, aCGH revealed striking differences in mitotic stability both between iPSC lines with different rings and, in some cases, between cell lines with the same ring chromosome. We registered the spontaneous rescue of karyotype 46,XY,r(8) to 46,XY in all six iPSC lines through ring chromosome loss and intact homologue duplication with isoUPD(8)pat occurrence, as proven by SNP genotype distribution analysis. In iPSCs with other ring chromosomes, karyotype correction was not observed. Our results suggest that spontaneous correction of the karyotype with ring chromosomes in iPSCs is not universal and that pluripotency is compatible with a wide range of derivative karyotypes. We conclude that marked variability in the frequency of secondary rearrangements exists in both fibroblast and iPSC cultures, expanding the clinical significance of the constitutional ring chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Nikitina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Ushaika Street 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
| | - A A Kashevarova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Ushaika Street 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - M M Gridina
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Development, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - M E Lopatkina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Ushaika Street 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - A A Khabarova
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Development, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yu S Yakovleva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Ushaika Street 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - A G Menzorov
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Development, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yu A Minina
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Development, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - I E Pristyazhnyuk
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Development, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - S A Vasilyev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Ushaika Street 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - D A Fedotov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - O L Serov
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Development, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - I N Lebedev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Ushaika Street 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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20
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Investigation of DNA Damage and Cell-Cycle Distribution in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes under Exposure to High Doses of Proton Radiotherapy. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020111. [PMID: 33546318 PMCID: PMC7913503 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically investigates how a single high-dose therapeutic proton beam versus X-rays influences cell-cycle phase distribution and DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs). Blood samples from ten volunteers (both male and female) were irradiated with doses of 8.00, 13.64, 15.00, and 20.00 Gy of 250 kV X-rays or 60 MeV protons. The dose-effect relations were calculated and distributed by plotting the frequencies of DNA damage of excess Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC) fragments and rings in the G2/M phase, obtained via chemical induction with calyculin A. The Papworth's u test was used to evaluate the distribution of DNA damage. The study shows that high doses of protons induce HPBL DNA damage in the G2/M phase differently than X-rays do. The results indicate a different distribution of DNA damage following high doses of irradiation with protons versus photons between donors, types of radiation, and doses. The proliferation index confirms the impact of high doses of mitosis and the influence of radiotherapy type on the different HPBL response. The results illuminate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie differences in the distribution of DNA damage and cell-cycle phases; these findings may yield an improvement in the efficacy of the radiotherapies used.
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21
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Peron A, Catusi I, Recalcati MP, Calzari L, Larizza L, Vignoli A, Canevini MP. Ring Chromosome 20 Syndrome: Genetics, Clinical Characteristics, and Overlapping Phenotypes. Front Neurol 2020; 11:613035. [PMID: 33363513 PMCID: PMC7753021 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.613035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 20 [r(20)] syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a non-supernumerary ring chromosome 20 replacing a normal chromosome 20. It is commonly seen in a mosaic state and is diagnosed by means of karyotyping. r(20) syndrome is characterized by a recognizable epileptic phenotype with typical EEG pattern, intellectual disability manifesting after seizure onset in otherwise normally developing children, and behavioral changes. Despite the distinctive phenotype, many patients still lack a diagnosis-especially in the genomic era-and the pathomechanisms of ring formation are poorly understood. In this review we address the genetic and clinical aspects of r(20) syndrome, and discuss differential diagnoses and overlapping phenotypes, providing the reader with useful tools for clinical and laboratory practice. We also discuss the current issues in understanding the mechanisms through which ring 20 chromosome causes the typical manifestations, and present unpublished data about methylation studies. Ultimately, we explore future perspectives of r(20) research. Our intended audience is clinical and laboratory geneticists, child and adult neurologists, and genetic counselors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Peron
- Human Pathology and Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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22
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Myers KA, Bennett MF, Hildebrand MS, Coleman MJ, Zhou G, Hollingsworth G, Cairns A, Riney K, Berkovic SF, Bahlo M, Scheffer IE. Transcriptome analysis of a ring chromosome 20 patient cohort. Epilepsia 2020; 62:e22-e28. [PMID: 33207017 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ring chromosomes occur when the ends of normally rod-shaped chromosomes fuse. In ring chromosome 20 (ring 20), intellectual disability and epilepsy are usually present, even if there is no deleted coding material; the mechanism by which individuals with complete ring chromosomes develop seizures and other phenotypic abnormalities is not understood. We investigated altered gene transcription as a contributing factor by performing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis on blood from seven patients with ring 20, and 11 first-degree relatives (all parents). Geographic analysis did not identify altered expression in peritelomeric or other specific chromosome 20 regions. RNA-seq analysis revealed 97 genes potentially differentially expressed in ring 20 patients. These included one epilepsy gene, NPRL3, but this finding was not confirmed on reverse transcription Droplet Digital polymerase chain reaction analysis. Molecular studies of structural chromosomal anomalies such as ring chromosome are challenging and often difficult to interpret because many patients are mosaic, and there may be genome-wide chromosomal instability affecting gene expression. Our findings nevertheless suggest that peritelomeric altered transcription is not the likely pathogenic mechanism in ring 20. Underlying genetic mechanisms are likely complex and may involve differential expression of many genes, the majority of which may not be located on chromosome 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Research Institute of the McGill University Medical Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Coleman
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geyu Zhou
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgie Hollingsworth
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Cairns
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Riney
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Flemington, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Vaisfeld A, Spartano S, Gobbi G, Vezzani A, Neri G. Chromosome 14 deletions, rings, and epilepsy genes: A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma. Epilepsia 2020; 62:25-40. [PMID: 33205446 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ring 14 syndrome is a rare condition caused by the rearrangement of one chromosome 14 into a ring-like structure. The formation of the ring requires two breakpoints and loss of material from the short and long arms of the chromosome. Like many other chromosome syndromes, it is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delays. Typical of the condition are retinal anomalies and drug-resistant epilepsy. These latter manifestations are not found in individuals who are carriers of comparable 14q deletions without formation of a ring (linear deletions). To find an explanation for this apparent discrepancy and gain insight into the mechanisms leading to seizures, we reviewed and compared literature cases of both ring and linear deletion syndrome with respect to both their clinical manifestations and the role and function of potentially epileptogenic genes. Knowledge of the epilepsy-related genes in chromosome 14 is an important premise for the search of new and effective drugs to combat seizures. Current clinical and molecular evidence is not sufficient to explain the known discrepancies between ring and linear deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vaisfeld
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Spartano
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gobbi
- Residential Center for Rehabilitation Luce Sul Mare, Rimini, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
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24
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Chai H, Ji W, Wen J, DiAdamo A, Grommisch B, Hu Q, Szekely AM, Li P. Ring chromosome formation by intra-strand repairing of subtelomeric double stand breaks and clinico-cytogenomic correlations for ring chromosome 9. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:3023-3028. [PMID: 32978894 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional ring chromosome 9, r(9), is a rare chromosomal disorder. Cytogenomic analyses by karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed in a patient of r(9). Karyotyping detected a mosaic pattern of r(9) and monosomy 9 in 83% and 17% of cells, respectively. aCGH detected subtelomeric deletions of 407 kb at 9p24.3 and 884 kb at 9q34.3 and an interstitial duplication of 5.879 Mb at 9q33.2q34.11. WGS revealed double strand breaks (DSBs) at ends of 9p24.3 and 9q34.3, inverted repeats at ends of subtelomeric and 9q33.2q34.11 regions, and microhomology sequences at the junctions of this r(9). This is the first report of r(9) analyzed by WGS to delineate the mechanism of ring chromosome formation from repairing of subtelomeric DSBs. The loss of telomeres by subtelomeric DSBs triggered inverted repeats induced intra-strand foldback and then microhomology mediated synthesis and ligation, which resulted in the formation of this r(9) with distal deletions and an interstitial duplication. Review of literature found seven patients of r(9) with clinical and cytogenomic findings. These patients and the present patient were registered into the Human Ring Chromosome Registry and a map correlating critical regions and candidate genes with relevant phenotypes was constructed. Variable phenotypes of r(9) patients could be explained by critical regions and genes of DOCK8, DMRT, SMARCA2, CD274, IL33, PTPRD, CER1, FREM1 for 9p deletions, and the EHMT1 gene for 9q34 deletion syndrome. This interactive registry of r(9) could provide information for cytogenomic diagnosis, genetics counseling and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chai
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomic Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiadi Wen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Autumn DiAdamo
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brittany Grommisch
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qiping Hu
- Departments of Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Anna M Szekely
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peining Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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25
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Dawe RK. Charting the path to fully synthetic plant chromosomes. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111951. [PMID: 32151492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The concepts of synthetic biology have the potential to transform plant genetics, both in how we analyze genetic pathways and how we transfer that knowledge into useful applications. While synthetic biology can be applied at the level of the single gene or small groups of genes, this commentary focuses on the ultimate challenge of designing fully synthetic plant chromosomes. Engineering at this scale will allow us to manipulate whole genome architecture and to modify multiple pathways and traits simultaneously. Advances in genome synthesis make it likely that the initial phases of plant chromosome construction will occur in bacteria and yeast. Here I discuss the next steps, including specific ways of overcoming technical barriers associated with plant transformation, functional centromere design, and ensuring accurate meiotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kelly Dawe
- Department of Genetics and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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26
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Circle-Seq: Isolation and Sequencing of Chromosome-Derived Circular DNA Elements in Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2119:165-181. [PMID: 31989524 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0323-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome-derived extrachromosomal circular DNA elements (eccDNAs) are detected in all eukaryotes examined so far. Here I describe the Circle-Seq protocol, applicable for physical enrichment of eccDNAs of a broad size range, combined with sequence confirmation of circular structures.Briefly, by concise alkaline treatment and gentle gravity flow-through an ion-exchange column, eccDNAs are enriched in the eluate fraction. EccDNAs are enzymatically isolated by extensive Plasmid-Safe DNase digestion of linear chromosomes and further enriched by φ29 rolling circle amplification. By means of high throughput sequencing of amplified eccDNA and custom eccDNA mapping software, around ten-thousand unique eccDNA types could be detected at nucleotide resolution in a million human muscle nuclei by this method.
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27
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Vasconcelos HM, Vargas ME, Pennesi ME. Multimodal imaging of ring 14 syndrome associated maculopathy. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 40:541-544. [PMID: 31755799 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1688839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ring 14 syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by a ring-shaped appearance of chromosome 14. Classically findings include distinct facial characteristics, refractory epilepsy, global development delay, muscular hypotonia and ocular abnormalities. Here we report a retinal multimodal imaging analyses of a ring chromosome 14 syndrome patient with associated macular pigmentary changes.Materials and Methods: Case report of an 11-year-old female with a history of refractory epilepsy since 3 months of age was diagnosed with ring 14 syndrome after karyotype at 8 months old. She presented with muscle weakness, mild intellectual delay, associated hyperopia and punctiform yellowish lesions. Multimodal imaging including fundus photography, red-free fundus photography, fundus auto-fluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were used to assess this patient.Results: An 11-year-old female with ring 14 syndrome caused by the fusion of terminal breakpoints in both the short arm and long arm of chromosome 14 at p11.1 and q32.3, respectively. At eye exam, the best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 at both eyes with associated hyperopia. Macula showing scattered punctiform yellowish lesions, bright on red-free fundus photography and hyperautofluorescence dots in the same area. The SD-OCT showed normal characteristics at both eyes with the exception of localized irregularity of the RPE in an area associated with a macular yellow dots.Conclusions: Ring 14 syndrome can cause hyperopia and associated macular yellow dots visible at multimodal imaging analyses. Our data support regular eye examination for all patients with ring chromosome 14 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huber M Vasconcelos
- Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio E Vargas
- Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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28
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Paz-Y-Miño C, Proaño A, Verdezoto SD, García JL, Hernández-Rivas JM, Leone PE. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in a patient with ring chromosome 4: case report and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:167. [PMID: 32293439 PMCID: PMC7087353 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 1969, 49 cases have been presented on ring chromosome 4. All of these cases have been characterized for the loss of genetic material. The genes located in these chromosomal regions are related to the phenotype. Case presentation A 10-year-old Ecuadorian Mestizo girl with ring chromosome 4 was clinically, cytogenetically and molecularly analysed. Clinical examination revealed congenital anomalies, including microcephaly, prominent nose, micrognathia, low set ears, bilateral clinodactyly of the fifth finger, small sacrococcygeal dimple, short stature and mental retardation. Cytogenetic studies showed a mosaic karyotype, mos 46,XX,r(4)(p16.3q35.2)/46,XX, with a ring chromosome 4 from 75 to 79% in three studies conducted over ten years. These results were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Loss of 1.7 Mb and gain of 342 kb in 4p16.3 and loss of 3 Mb in 4q35.2 were identified by high-resolution mapping array. Conclusion Most cases with ring chromosome 4 have deletion of genetic material in terminal regions; however, our case has inv dup del rearrangement in the ring chromosome formation. Heterogeneous clinical features in all cases reviewed are related to the amount of genetic material lost or gained. The application of several techniques can increase our knowledge of ring chromosome 4 and its deviations from typical “ring syndrome.”
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Affiliation(s)
- César Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Ana Proaño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stella D Verdezoto
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Luis García
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-SACYL-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paola E Leone
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE. Av. Mariscal Sucre y Av. Mariana de Jesús, Sede Occidental, Bloque I, 2 floor, 170129, Quito, Ecuador.
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29
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Onur Cura D, Bora E, Ozkalayci H, Kirbiyik O, Kutbay YB, Ercal D, Cankaya T. Unexpected Coexistence of a Derivative t(21;21) and Complementary Mosaic r(21) in a Female with Multiple Miscarriages. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 158:83-87. [PMID: 31195399 DOI: 10.1159/000500986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The case presented here describes a female patient with recurrent miscarriages and a normal microarray analysis result. However, the coexistence of a robertsonian (21;21) translocation and complementary mosaic ring chromosome 21 was detected by karyotyping and FISH analysis. Partial trisomy 21 was found with QF-PCR and microarray analysis in one of the fetuses. The aim of this report was to emphasize the diagnostic importance of conventional cytogenetics.
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30
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Shahjahani M, Hadad EH, Azizidoost S, Nezhad KC, Shahrabi S. Complex karyotype in myelodysplastic syndromes: Diagnostic procedure and prognostic susceptibility. Oncol Rev 2019; 13:389. [PMID: 30858933 PMCID: PMC6379782 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2019.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex karyotype (CK) is a poor prognosis factor in hematological malignancies. Studies have shown that the presence of CK in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can be associated with MDS progression to acute myeloid leukemia. The goal of this review was to examine the relationship between different types of CK with MDS, as well as its possible role in the deterioration and progression of MDS to leukemia. The content used in this paper has been obtained by a PubMed and Google Scholar search of English language papers (1975-2018) using the terms complex karyotype and myelodysplastic syndromes. A single independent abnormality can be associated with a good prognosis. However, the coexistence of a series of abnormalities can lead to CK, which is associated with the deterioration of MDS and its progression to leukemia. Therefore, CK may be referred to as a prognostic factor in MDS. The detection of independent cytogenetic disorders that altogether can result in CK could be used as a prognostic model for laboratory and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz
| | - Elham Homaei Hadad
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz
| | | | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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31
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Møller HD, Lin L, Xiang X, Petersen TS, Huang J, Yang L, Kjeldsen E, Jensen UB, Zhang X, Liu X, Xu X, Wang J, Yang H, Church GM, Bolund L, Regenberg B, Luo Y. CRISPR-C: circularization of genes and chromosome by CRISPR in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:e131. [PMID: 30551175 PMCID: PMC6294522 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) and ring chromosomes are genetic alterations found in humans with genetic disorders. However, there is a lack of genetic engineering tools to recapitulate and study the biogenesis of eccDNAs. Here, we created a dual-fluorescence biosensor cassette, which upon the delivery of pairs of CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNAs, CRISPR-C, allows us to study the biogenesis of a specific fluorophore expressing eccDNA in human cells. We show that CRISPR-C can generate functional eccDNA, using the novel eccDNA biosensor system. We further reveal that CRISPR-C also can generate eccDNAs from intergenic and genic loci in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and human mammary fibroblasts. EccDNAs mainly forms by end-joining mediated DNA-repair and we show that CRISPR-C is able to generate endogenous eccDNAs in sizes from a few hundred base pairs and ranging up to 207 kb. Even a 47.4 megabase-sized ring chromosome 18 can be created by CRISPR-C. Our study creates a new territory for CRISPR gene editing and highlights CRISPR-C as a useful tool for studying the cellular impact, persistence and function of eccDNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Biosensing Techniques
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/metabolism
- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- DNA End-Joining Repair
- DNA, Circular/genetics
- DNA, Circular/metabolism
- Fibroblasts
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
- Gene Editing/methods
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Loci
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Genome, Human
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | | | - Jinrong Huang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Luhan Yang
- eGenesis, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eigil Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, 310008 Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, 310008 Hangzhou, China
| | - George M Church
- eGenesis, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Birgitte Regenberg
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
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Paz-Y-Miño C, Guevara-Aguirre J, Paz-Y-Miño A, Velarde F, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Yumiceba V, Hernández JM, García JL, Leone PE. Ring chromosome 15 - cytogenetics and mapping arrays: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:340. [PMID: 30442194 PMCID: PMC6238305 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 15 has been associated in previous studies with different clinical characteristic such as cardiac problems, digit and musculoskeletal abnormalities, and mental and motor problems among others. Only 97 clinical cases of ring chromosome 15 syndrome have been reported since 1966 and a common phenotype for these patients has not been established. CASE PRESENTATION The present case report describes a 15-month-old girl from the Amazon region of Ecuador, of Mestizo ancestry, who after cytogenetic tests showed a 46,XX,r(15) karyotype in more than 70% of metaphases observed. Her parents were healthy and non-related. The pregnancy was complicated and was positive for intrauterine growth retardation. Her birth weight was 1950 g, her length was 43.5 cm, and she had a head circumference of 29.3. In addition to postnatal growth delay, she had scant frontal hair, small eyes, hypertelorism, low-set of ears, flattened nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, down-turned mouth, three café au lait spots, and delayed dentition. CONCLUSIONS Despite the frequency of some phenotypes expressed in the different clinical cases reviewed and the present case, a common phenotype for patients with ring 15 could not be determined and it is restricted to the region of the chromosome lost during the ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Reproduction, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariane Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francesca Velarde
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Yumiceba
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jesús María Hernández
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis García
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-SACYL-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paola E Leone
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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Sheth F, Liehr T, Shah V, Shah H, Tewari S, Solanki D, Trivedi S, Sheth J. A child with intellectual disability and dysmorphism due to complex ring chromosome 6: identification of molecular mechanism with review of literature. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:114. [PMID: 30305128 PMCID: PMC6180451 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ring chromosome 6 (r(6)) is a rare disorder that mainly occurs as a ‘de novo’ event. Nonetheless, a wide phenotypic spectrum has been reported in r(6) cases, depending on breakpoints, size of involved region, copy number alterations and mosaicism of cells with r(6) and/or monosomy 6 due to loss of r(6). Case presentation An 11-year-old male was referred with developmental delay, intellectual disability and microcephaly. Physical examination revealed additionally short stature and multiple facial dysmorphisms. Banding cytogenetic studies revealed a karyotype of mos 46,XY,r(6)(p25.3q27)[54]/45,XY,-6[13]/46,XY,r(6)(::p25.3→q27::p25.3→q27::)[13]/46,XY[6]/47,XY,r(6)(p25.3q27)×2[2]dn. Additionally, molecular karyotyping and molecular cytogenetics confirmed the breakpoints and characterized a 1.3 Mb contiguous duplication at 6p25.3. Conclusion The present study has accurately identified copy number alterations caused by ring chromosome formation. A review of the literature suggests that hemizygous expression of TBP gene in 6q27~qter, is likely to be the underlying cause of the phenotype. The phenotypic correlation and clinical severity in r(6) cases continue to remain widely diverse in spite of numerous reports of genomic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frenny Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009, India.
| | - Thomas Liehr
- University Clinic Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Viraj Shah
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Hillary Shah
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Stuti Tewari
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Dhaval Solanki
- Mantra Child Neurology & Epilepsy Hospital, 3rd floor, Oarnate complex, Kalubha road, Kalanala, Bhavanagar, 364001, India
| | - Sunil Trivedi
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Jayesh Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
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Liu S, Wang Z, Wei S, Liang J, Chen N, OuYang H, Zeng W, Chen L, Xie X, Jiang J. Gray Matter Heterotopia, Mental Retardation, Developmental Delay, Microcephaly, and Facial Dysmorphisms in a Boy with Ring Chromosome 6: A 10-Year Follow-Up and Literature Review. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 154:201-208. [DOI: 10.1159/000488692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 6, r(6), is an extremely rare cytogenetic abnormality with clinical heterogeneity which arises typically de novo. The phenotypes of r(6) can be highly variable, ranging from almost normal to severe malformations and neurological defects. Up to now, only 33 cases have been reported in the literature. In this 10-year follow-up study, we report a case presenting distinctive facial features, severe developmental delay, and gray matter heterotopia with r(6) and terminal deletions of 6p25.3 (115426-384174, 268 kb) and 6q26-27 (168697778-170732033, 2.03 Mb) encompassing 2 and 15 candidate genes, respectively, which were detected using G-banding karyotyping, FISH, and chromosomal microarray analysis. We also analyzed the available information on the clinical features of the reported r(6) cases in order to provide more valuable information on genotype-phenotype correlations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of gray matter heterotopia manifested in a patient with r(6) in China, and the deletions of 6p and 6q in our case are the smallest with the precise size of euchromatic material loss currently known.
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Sinclair PB, Blair HH, Ryan SL, Buechler L, Cheng J, Clayton J, Hanna R, Hollern S, Hawking Z, Bashton M, Schwab CJ, Jones L, Russell LJ, Marr H, Carey P, Halsey C, Heidenreich O, Moorman AV, Harrison CJ. Dynamic clonal progression in xenografts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21. Haematologica 2018; 103:634-644. [PMID: 29449437 PMCID: PMC5865429 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.172304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 is a heterogeneous chromosomal rearrangement occurring in 2% of cases of childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These abnormalities are too complex to engineer faithfully in animal models and are unrepresented in leukemia cell lines. As a resource for future functional and preclinical studies, we have created xenografts from the leukemic blasts of patients with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 and characterized them by in-vivo and ex-vivo luminescent imaging, flow immunophenotyping, and histological and ultrastructural analyses of bone marrow and the central nervous system. Investigation of up to three generations of xenografts revealed phenotypic evolution, branching genomic architecture and, compared with other B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia genetic subtypes, greater clonal diversity of leukemia-initiating cells. In support of intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 as a primary genetic abnormality, it was always retained through generations of xenografts, although we also observed the first example of structural evolution of this rearrangement. Clonal segregation in xenografts revealed convergent evolution of different secondary genomic abnormalities implicating several known tumor suppressor genes and a region, containing the B-cell adaptor, PIK3AP1, and nuclear receptor co-repressor, LCOR, in the progression of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Tracking of mutations in patients and derived xenografts provided evidence for co-operation between abnormalities activating the RAS pathway in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and for their aggressive clonal expansion in the xeno-environment. Bi-allelic loss of the CDKN2A/B locus was recurrently maintained or emergent in xenografts and also strongly selected as RNA sequencing demonstrated a complete absence of reads for genes associated with the deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Sinclair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Helen H Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Sarra L Ryan
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lars Buechler
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Joanna Cheng
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jake Clayton
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Hanna
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Shaun Hollern
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Zoe Hawking
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Bashton
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Claire J Schwab
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lisa Jones
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lisa J Russell
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Helen Marr
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Carey
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Christina Halsey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Abstract
The human genome is generally organized into stable chromosomes, and only tumor cells are known to accumulate kilobase (kb)-sized extrachromosomal circular DNA elements (eccDNAs). However, it must be expected that kb eccDNAs exist in normal cells as a result of mutations. Here, we purify and sequence eccDNAs from muscle and blood samples from 16 healthy men, detecting ~100,000 unique eccDNA types from 16 million nuclei. Half of these structures carry genes or gene fragments and the majority are smaller than 25 kb. Transcription from eccDNAs suggests that eccDNAs reside in nuclei and recurrence of certain eccDNAs in several individuals implies DNA circularization hotspots. Gene-rich chromosomes contribute to more eccDNAs per megabase and the most transcribed protein-coding gene in muscle, TTN (titin), provides the most eccDNAs per gene. Thus, somatic genomes are rich in chromosome-derived eccDNAs that may influence phenotypes through altered gene copy numbers and transcription of full-length or truncated genes. Somatic cells can accumulate structural variations such as deletions. Here, Møller et al. show that normal human cells generate large extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs), most likely the products of excised DNA, that can be transcriptionally active and, thus, may have phenotypic consequences.
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Pristyazhnyuk IE, Menzorov AG. Ring chromosomes: from formation to clinical potential. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:439-449. [PMID: 28894962 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ring chromosomes (RCs) are circular DNA molecules, which occur rarely in eukaryotic nuclear genomes. Lilian Vaughan Morgan first described them in the fruit fly. Human embryos very seldom have RCs, about 1:50,000. Carriers of RCs may have varying degrees of symptoms, from healthy phenotype to serious pathologies in physical and intellectual development. Many authors describe common symptoms of RC presence: short stature and some developmental delay that could be described as a "ring chromosome syndrome." As a rule, RCs arise de novo through the end-joining of two DNA double-strand breaks, telomere-subtelomere junction, or inv dup del rearrangement in both meiosis and mitosis. There are family cases of RC inheritance. The presence of RCs causes numerous secondary chromosome rearrangements in vivo and in vitro. RCs can change their size, become lost, or increase their copy number and cause additional deletions, duplication, and translocations, affecting both RCs and other chromosomes. In this review, we examine RC inheritance, instability, mechanisms of formation, and potential clinical applications of artificially created RCs for large-scale chromosome rearrangement treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna E Pristyazhnyuk
- Sector of Genomic Mechanisms of Ontogenesis, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
| | - Aleksei G Menzorov
- Sector of Cell Collections, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
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Hu Q, Chai H, Shu W, Li P. Human ring chromosome registry for cases in the Chinese population: re-emphasizing Cytogenomic and clinical heterogeneity and reviewing diagnostic and treatment strategies. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:19. [PMID: 29492108 PMCID: PMC5828142 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutional ring chromosomes are rare orphan chromosomal disorders. Ring chromosome syndrome featuring growth retardation and mild to intermediate intellectual disability is likely caused by the dynamic behavior of ring chromosome through cell cycles. Chromosomal and regional specific phenotypes likely result from segmental losses and gains during the ring formation. Although recent applications of genomic copy number and sequencing analyses revealed various ring chromosome structures from an increasing number of case studies, there was no organized effort for compilating and curating cytogenomic and clinical finding for ring chromosomes. METHODS A web-based interactive 'Human Ring Chromosome Registry' using Microsoft Access based relational database was developed to present genetic and phenotypic findings of ring chromosome cases. Chinese ring chromosome cases reported in the literature was reviewed and compiled as a testing data set to validate this registry. RESULTS A total of 113 cases of ring chromosomes were retrieved in all chromosomes except for chromosomes 16, 17 and 19. The most frequently seen ring chromosomes by a decreasing order of relative frequencies were ring 13 (14%), X (12%), 22 (10%), 15 (9%), 14 (7%), and 18 (7%). Genomic imbalances were detected in 18 out of 19 cases analyzed by microarray or sequencing. Variable clinical manifestations of developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and hypotonia were noted in most autosomal rings. Chromosomal specific syndromic phenotypes included Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome in a ring chromosome 4, cri-du-chat syndrome in a ring chromosome 5, epilepsy in ring chromosomes 14 and 20, Turner syndrome in ring chromosome X, and infertility in ring chromosomes 13, 21, 22 and Y. Effective growth hormone supplemental treatment for growth retardation in a ring chromosome 18 was noted. CONCLUSIONS Based on findings from these Chinese ring chromosome cases, guidelines for cytogenomic diagnosis and criteria for case registration were proposed. Further research to define underlying mechanisms of ring chromosome formation and dynamic mosaicism, to delineate the genotype-phenotype correlations, and to develop chromosome therapy for ring chromosomes were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytogenetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Hongyan Chai
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytogenetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Wei Shu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Peining Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytogenetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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Wang L, Jiang S, Chen C, He W, Wu X, Wang F, Tong T, Zou X, Li Z, Luo J, Deng Z, Chen S. Synthetische Genomik: von der DNA-Synthese zu Designer-Genomen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianrong Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Susu Jiang
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Chao Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Tong Tong
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Jie Luo
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Shi Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Wuhan; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
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40
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Wang L, Jiang S, Chen C, He W, Wu X, Wang F, Tong T, Zou X, Li Z, Luo J, Deng Z, Chen S. Synthetic Genomics: From DNA Synthesis to Genome Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1748-1756. [PMID: 29078032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianrong Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Susu Jiang
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Chao Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Tong Tong
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Jie Luo
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Shi Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
- Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan; Hubei 442000 China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
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Habib AGK, Sugiura K, Ueno M. Chromosome passenger complex is required for the survival of cells with ring chromosomes in fission yeast. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190523. [PMID: 29298360 PMCID: PMC5752009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosomes are circular chromosomal abnormalities that have been reported in association with some genetic disorders and cancers. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, lack of function of protection of telomere 1 (Pot1) or telomerase catalytic subunit (Trt1) results in survivors with circular chromosomes. Hitherto, it is poorly understood how cells with circular chromosomes survive and how circular chromosomes are maintained. Fission yeast Cut17/Bir1, Ark1, Pic1, and Nbl1 is a conserved chromosome passenger complex (CPC) functioning mainly throughout mitosis. Here, using a temperature-sensitive mutant of CPC subunits, we determined that CPC is synthetically lethal in combination with either Pot1 or Trt1. The pot1Δ pic1-T269 double mutant, which has circular chromosomes, showed a high percentage of chromosome mis-segregation and DNA damage foci at 33°C. We furthermore found that neither Shugoshin Sgo2 nor heterochromatin protein Swi6, which contribute to the centromeric localization of CPC, were required for the survival in the absence of Pot1. Both the pot1Δ sgo2Δ and pot1Δ swi6Δ double mutants displayed a high percentage of DNA damage foci, but a low percentage of chromosome mis-segregation, suggesting the link between the high percentage of chromosome mis-segregation and the lethality of the CPC pot1Δ double mutant. Our results suggest that CPC is required for the survival of cells with circular chromosomes and sheds light on the possible roles of CPC in the maintenance of circular chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. K. Habib
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kanako Sugiura
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaru Ueno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Szabó A, Czakó M, Hadzsiev K, Duga B, Bánfai Z, Komlósi K, Melegh B. Small supernumerary marker chromosome 15 and a ring chromosome 15 associated with a 15q26.3 deletion excluding the
IGF1R
gene. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:443-449. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Medical Genetics University of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentrePécsHungary
| | - Márta Czakó
- Department of Medical Genetics University of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentrePécsHungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics University of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentrePécsHungary
| | - Balázs Duga
- Department of Medical Genetics University of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentrePécsHungary
| | - Zsolt Bánfai
- Department of Medical Genetics University of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentrePécsHungary
| | - Katalin Komlósi
- Department of Medical Genetics University of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentrePécsHungary
| | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics University of PécsPécsHungary
- Szentágothai Research CentrePécsHungary
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43
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Chau A, Ramesh KH, Jagannath AD, Arora S. Rheumatoid arthritis in an adult patient with mosaic distal 18q-, 18p- and ring chromosome 18. F1000Res 2017; 6:1940. [PMID: 29560252 PMCID: PMC5854985 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11539.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 18 has a highly variable phenotype, depending on the extent of distal arm deletions. It is most commonly presented as a combination of 18p- and distal 18q- syndrome. IgA deficiency and autoimmune diseases have been previously described in these patients. Seven cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have been reported. Here we report the first case of late onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a 32 year old Dominican woman with hypothyroidism, vitiligo, IgA deficiency, interstitial lung disease (ILD), cystic bronchiectasis, and features consistent with ringed 18, 18p- and distal 18q syndrome. The multiple autoimmune findings in our patient lends further support to the idea of loci on chromosome 18 playing a role in autoimmune disease expression. Late onset RA and ILD in a patient with chromosome 18 abnormalities are novel findings and are additional conditions to be aware of in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Chau
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - K H Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anand D Jagannath
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shitij Arora
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
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44
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Tewari S, Lubna N, Shah R, Al-Rikabi ABH, Shah K, Sheth J, Sheth F. Molecular characterization and evaluation of complex rearrangements in a case of ring chromosome 15. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:38. [PMID: 29090019 PMCID: PMC5657133 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ring chromosome 15 is a rare genetic entity. Only a few cases have been reported with characterization using molecular techniques. The clinical presentation is quite variable, as a result of differences in the breakpoints, haploinsufficiency of genes involved in deleted segment/s, level of mosaicism and ring instability resulting in a variability of rearrangement of genetic material. Case presentation The proband, a 2 months old boy, presented with small head size and facial dysmorphism. On examination microcephaly, triangular face, small anterior frontanelle, micrognathia, hypotonia, unilateral simian crease, hypertelorism, umbilical hernia, micropenis with mild phimosis were noted. Karyotype revealed 46,XY,r(15)(p11.2q26). Array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and targeted gene sequencing for microcephaly was carried out for genotype phenotype correlation. Array-CGH detected a 2.8 Mb terminal deletion at 15q26.3 along with a 496 kb interstitial micro-duplication, encompassing the IGF1R gene, in the affected genomic region, which was otherwise missed on conventional karyotype. Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of aCGH in not only delineating specific phenotypes through accurate genotypic correlation but also in detection and evaluation of ring chromosome with unexpected complex rearrangements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13039-017-0339-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Tewari
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
| | - Naznin Lubna
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
| | - Raju Shah
- Ankur Institute of Child Health, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
| | | | - Krati Shah
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
| | - Jayesh Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
| | - Frenny Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
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45
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King DA, Sifrim A, Fitzgerald TW, Rahbari R, Hobson E, Homfray T, Mansour S, Mehta SG, Shehla M, Tomkins SE, Vasudevan PC, Hurles ME. Detection of structural mosaicism from targeted and whole-genome sequencing data. Genome Res 2017; 27:1704-1714. [PMID: 28855261 PMCID: PMC5630034 DOI: 10.1101/gr.212373.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural mosaic abnormalities are large post-zygotic mutations present in a subset of cells and have been implicated in developmental disorders and cancer. Such mutations have been conventionally assessed in clinical diagnostics using cytogenetic or microarray testing. Modern disease studies rely heavily on exome sequencing, yet an adequate method for the detection of structural mosaicism using targeted sequencing data is lacking. Here, we present a method, called MrMosaic, to detect structural mosaic abnormalities using deviations in allele fraction and read coverage from next-generation sequencing data. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) simulations were used to calculate detection performance across a range of mosaic event sizes, types, clonalities, and sequencing depths. The tool was applied to 4911 patients with undiagnosed developmental disorders, and 11 events among nine patients were detected. For eight of these 11 events, mosaicism was observed in saliva but not blood, suggesting that assaying blood alone would miss a large fraction, possibly >50%, of mosaic diagnostic chromosomal rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A King
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas W Fitzgerald
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Raheleh Rahbari
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hobson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Homfray
- Southwest Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Mansour
- Southwest Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarju G Mehta
- East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Shehla
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Tomkins
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol BS2 8EG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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46
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Rosenbaum MW, Pozdnyakova O, Geyer JT, Dal Cin P, Hasserjian RP. Ring chromosome in myeloid neoplasms is associated with complex karyotype and disease progression. Hum Pathol 2017; 68:40-46. [PMID: 28842184 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ring chromosome (RC) is a poorly understood genetic anomaly seen in myeloid neoplasms. This study aims to shed light on the clinical significance of this finding. We identified 96 cases of myeloid neoplasms with RC from 3 academic hospitals. Clinicopathologic features and overall (OS) and leukemia-free survival were reviewed and compared to cases of myeloid neoplasms lacking RC. We identified 59 acute myeloid leukemias (AML-RC) and 37 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS-RC) with RC identified on routine karyotyping. Seventy-five percent of AML-RC and 97% of MDS-RC had complex (>3 independent cytogenetic abnormalities) karyotypes. The median OS of AML-RC with complex karyotype was significantly shorter than AML-RC patients with a non-complex (≤3 independent cytogenetic abnormalities) karyotype (P=.001), but similar to AML patients with complex karyotype lacking RC (P=not significant). Compared to complex-karyotype MDS lacking RC, MDS-RC patients had shorter leukemia-free survival (P=.016) and a trend for shorter OS (P=.10). RCs were sometimes lost after therapy or appeared during disease relapse, suggesting that they may be associated with genetic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paola Dal Cin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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47
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Rinaldi B, Vaisfeld A, Amarri S, Baldo C, Gobbi G, Magini P, Melli E, Neri G, Novara F, Pippucci T, Rizzi R, Soresina A, Zampini L, Zuffardi O, Crimi M. Guideline recommendations for diagnosis and clinical management of Ring14 syndrome-first report of an ad hoc task force. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:69. [PMID: 28399932 PMCID: PMC5387247 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ring chromosome 14 syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by early onset refractory epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and a number of diverse health issues. Results The aim of this work is to provide recommendations for the diagnosis and management of persons affected by ring chromosome 14 syndrome based on evidence from literature and experience of health professionals from different medical backgrounds who have followed for several years subjects affected by ring chromosome 14 syndrome. The literature search was performed in 2016. Original papers, meta-analyses, reviews, books and guidelines were reviewed and final recommendations were reached by consensus. Conclusion Conventional cytogenetics is the primary tool to identify a ring chromosome. Children with a terminal deletion of chromosome 14q ascertained by molecular karyotyping (CGH/SNP array) should be tested secondarily by conventional cytogenetics for the presence of a ring chromosome. Early diagnosis should be pursued in order to provide medical and social assistance by a multidisciplinary team. Clinical investigations, including neurophysiology for epilepsy, should be performed at the diagnosis and within the follow-up. Following the diagnosis, patients and relatives/caregivers should receive regular care for health and social issues. Epilepsy should be treated from the onset with anticonvulsive therapy. Likewise, feeding difficulties should be treated according to need. Nutritional assessment is recommended for all patients and nutritional support for malnourishment can include gastrostomy feeding in selected cases. Presence of autistic traits should be carefully evaluated. Many patients with ring chromosome 14 syndrome are nonverbal and thus maintaining their ability to communicate is always essential; every effort should be made to preserve their autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berardo Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vaisfeld
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gobbi
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pamela Magini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erto Melli
- Ospedale S. Anna, Ambulatorio Oculistica, AUSL di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Novara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Urologic Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Rizzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuro-Motor Diseases, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Annarosa Soresina
- Unit of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Zampini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Crimi
- Ring14 International, Scientific office, Via Flavio Gioia, 5-42124, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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48
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Pace NP, Maggouta F, Twigden M, Borg I. Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of a novel de novo ring chromosome 6 involving a terminal 6p deletion and terminal 6q duplication in the different arms of the same chromosome. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:9. [PMID: 28344652 PMCID: PMC5364590 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 6 is a rare sporadic chromosomal abnormality, associated with extreme variability in clinical phenotypes. Most ring chromosomes are known to have deletions on one or both chromosomal arms. Here, we report an atypical and unique ring chromosome 6 involving both a distal deletion and a distal duplication on the different arms of the same chromosome. CASE PRESENTATION In a patient with intellectual disability, short stature, microcephaly, facial dysmorphology, congenital heart defects and renovascular disease, a ring chromosome 6 was characterised using array-CGH and dual-colour FISH. The de-novo ring chromosome 6 involved a 1.8 Mb terminal deletion in the distal short arm and a 2.5 Mb duplication in the distal long arm of the same chromosome 6. This results in monosomy for the region 6pter to 6p25.3 and trisomy for the region 6q27 to 6qter. Analysis of genes in these chromosomal regions suggests that haploinsufficiency for FOXC1 and GMDS genes accounts for the cardiac and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in the proband. The ring chromosome 6 reported here is atypical as it involves a unique duplication of the distal long arm. Furthermore, the presence of renovascular disease is also a unique feature identified in this patient. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, a comparable ring chromosome 6 involving both a distal deletion and duplication on different arms has not been previously reported. The renovascular disease identified in this patient may be a direct consequence of the described chromosome rearrangement or a late clinical presentation in r(6) cases. This clinical finding may further support the implicated role of FOXC1 gene in renal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Paul Pace
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Frideriki Maggouta
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Melissa Twigden
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Isabella Borg
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Department of Pathology, Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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49
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Burgemeister AL, Daumiller E, Dietze-Armana I, Klett C, Freiberg C, Stark W, Lingen M, Centonze I, Rettenberger G, Mehnert K, Zirn B. Continuing role for classical cytogenetics: Case report of a boy with ring syndrome caused by complete ring chromosome 4 and review of literature. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:727-732. [PMID: 28127864 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional ring chromosomes can be found for all human chromosomes and are very rare chromosomal abnormalities. A complete ring chromosome without loss of genetic material results from fusion of subtelomeric regions or telomere-telomere fusion. In cases of complete ring chromosome, an increased incidence of severe growth failure with no or only minor anomalies has been observed and attributed to ring syndrome. Ring syndrome is thought to be caused by "dynamic mosaicism" due to ring instability. We report a 6-year-old boy with de novo ring chromosome 4 and typical characteristics of the ring syndrome, namely, proportionate severe growth failure, microcephaly, and minor anomalies. Cytogenetic studies showed complete ring chromosome 4 with mitotic instability. Microarray gave normal results, thus excluding the loss of detectable genetic material. The literature of complete ring chromosome 4 is reviewed. Our case report supports the theory of ring syndrome. No studies about the effects and possible side effects of growth hormone therapy on patients with ring chromosomes have yet been published. We suggest that cytogenetic monitoring of the rate of secondary aberrations in patients with ring chromosome undergoing growth hormone therapy might be feasible. Since the diagnosis would have been missed by molecular karyotyping, our case report underlines the continuing role of classical cytogenetics for the evaluation of structural chromosomal abnormalities in patients with mental and/or physical anomalies. Standard karyotyping is still indispensable and should have an ongoing role as first-tier analysis together with molecular karyotyping. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Daumiller
- Genetikum, Genetic Counseling and Diagnostics, Stuttgart and Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Ilona Dietze-Armana
- Genetikum, Genetic Counseling and Diagnostics, Stuttgart and Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Klett
- Genetikum, Genetic Counseling and Diagnostics, Stuttgart and Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Clemens Freiberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Neurology, University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lingen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Neurology, University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Izabela Centonze
- Genetikum, Genetic Counseling and Diagnostics, Stuttgart and Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Karl Mehnert
- Genetikum, Genetic Counseling and Diagnostics, Stuttgart and Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Zirn
- Genetikum, Genetic Counseling and Diagnostics, Stuttgart and Neu-Ulm, Germany
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50
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Plona K, Kim T, Halloran K, Wynshaw-Boris A. Chromosome therapy: Potential strategies for the correction of severe chromosome aberrations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:422-430. [PMID: 27813255 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Large chromosomal aberrations occur commonly during development, resulting in complex and multisystem diseases. In spite of this high frequency, there are currently no means for correcting these disorders due to their complexity and involvement of multiple genes. Recently, several new approaches have been devised that target whole chromosomes in vitro, which are collectively referred to as "Chromosome Therapies." These include silencing and selection for loss of the extra chromosome in trisomies, promotion of euploidy in an aneuploid culture, and forced loss and replacement of a chromosome. Here, we provide a review of Chromosome Therapy, and discuss potential directions for these methods clinically, as well as research applications and cellular models that can be made using these technologies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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