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Jin J, Guang M, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Cheng M, Schmalz G, Huang X. Immune-related signature of periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease linkage. Front Genet 2023; 14:1230245. [PMID: 37849501 PMCID: PMC10577303 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontits (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both associated with ageing and clinical studies increasingly evidence their association. However, specific mechanisms underlying this association remain undeciphered, and immune-related processes are purported to play a signifcant role. The accrual of publicly available transcriptomic datasets permits secondary analysis and the application of data-mining and bioinformatic tools for biological discovery. Aim: The present study aimed to leverage publicly available transcriptomic datasets and databases, and apply a series of bioinformatic analysis to identify a robust signature of immune-related signature of PD and AD linkage. Methods: We downloaded gene-expresssion data pertaining PD and AD and identified crosstalk genes. We constructed a protein-protein network analysis, applied immune cell enrichment analysis, and predicted crosstalk immune-related genes and infiltrating immune cells. Next, we applied consisent cluster analysis and performed immune cell bias analysis, followed by LASSO regression to select biomarker immune-related genes. Results: The results showed a 3 gene set comprising of DUSP14, F13A1 and SELE as a robust immune-related signature. Macrophages M2 and NKT, B-cells, CD4+ memory T-cells and CD8+ naive T-cells emerged as key immune cells linking PD with AD. Conclusion: Candidate immune-related biomarker genes and immune cells central to the assocation of PD with AD were identified, and merit investigation in experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqi Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengkai Guang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Choudhary M, Ildefonso CJ, Lewin AS, Malek G. Gene Delivery of a Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain Improves Retinal Pigment Epithelial Function and Modulates Inflammation in a Mouse Model with Features of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:359-371. [PMID: 35446130 PMCID: PMC9242724 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytoplasmic signal transduction complex that regulates inflammation, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of visual impairment in industrialized countries. We tested the therapeutic effect of anti-inflammatory gene therapy, delivered preventively, in Liver-X-Receptor alpha knockout (LXRα-/-) mice, which exhibit features of dry AMD. Methods:LXRα-/- mice were treated with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector that delivers a secretable and cell-penetrating form of the caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD). A sGFP-FCS-TatCARD-AAV or sGFP-FCS (control) vector was delivered intravitreally to 3-5 month-old, LXRα-/- mice, who were then aged to 15-18 months (12-13 month treatment). Retinal function and morphology were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Results: TatCARD treated LXRα-/- mice did not show improvement in rod and cone photoreceptor function, measured by dark adapted a- and b-wave amplitudes, and rod-saturated b-wave amplitudes. We found a sex-dependent, significant therapeutic effect in c-wave amplitudes in the TatCARD treated mice, which exhibited maintenance of amplitudes in comparison to the significant decline recorded in the control treated group, indicating a therapeutic effect mediated in part through retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Additionally, the retinas of the TatCARD treated mice exhibited a significant decline in the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) concomitant with modulation of several inflammatory cytokines in the retina and RPE-choroid tissues, as measured by ELISA and cytokine array, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, these results support that anti-inflammatory gene constructs such as AAV-TatCARD may be considered for the treatment of inflammation in AMD and other ocular diseases of the posterior pole in which inflammation may play a role. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the need to carefully consider potential sex-different responses when assessing potential therapies in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Choudhary
- Albert Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cristhian J. Ildefonso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alfred S. Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Goldis Malek
- Albert Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Goldis Malek, Albert Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 4006, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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3
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Nashine S, Cohen P, Wan J, Kenney C. Effect of Humanin G (HNG) on inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4247-4269. [PMID: 35576057 PMCID: PMC9186758 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration). Humanin G (HNG) is a Mitochondrial Derived Peptide (MDP) that is cytoprotective in AMD and can protect against mitochondrial and cellular stress induced by damaged AMD mitochondria. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that inflammation-associated marker protein levels are increased in AMD and treatment with HNG leads to reduction in their protein levels. Humanin protein levels were measured in the plasma of AMD patients and normal subjects using ELISA assay. Humanin G was added to AMD and normal (control) cybrids which had identical nuclei from mitochondria-deficient ARPE-19 cells but differed in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content derived from clinically characterized AMD patients and normal (control) subjects. Cell lysates were extracted from untreated and HNG-treated AMD and normal cybrids, and the Luminex XMAP multiplex assay was used to measure the levels of inflammatory proteins. AMD plasma showed reduced Humanin protein levels, but higher protein levels of inflammation markers compared to control plasma samples. In AMD RPE cybrid cells, Humanin G reduced the CD62E/ E-Selectin, CD62P/ P-Selectin, ICAM-1, TNF-α, MIP-1α, IFN–γ, IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-17A protein levels, thereby suggesting that Humanin G may rescue from mtDNA-mediated inflammation in AMD cybrids. In conclusion, we present novel findings that: A) show reduced Humanin protein levels in AMD plasma vs. normal plasma; B) suggest the role of inflammatory markers in AMD pathogenesis, and C) highlight the positive effects of Humanin G in reducing inflammation in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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4
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Maroñas O, García-Quintanilla L, Luaces-Rodríguez A, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Latorre-Pellicer A, Abraldes MJ, Lamas MJ, Carracedo A. Anti-VEGF Treatment and Response in Age-related Macular Degeneration: Disease's Susceptibility, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetics. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:549-569. [PMID: 31296152 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190711105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current review is focussing different factors that contribute and directly correlate to the onset and progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). In particular, the susceptibility to AMD due to genetic and non-genetic factors and the establishment of risk scores, based on the analysis of different genes to measure the risk of developing the disease. A correlation with the actual therapeutic landscape to treat AMD patients from the point of view of pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics is also exposed. Treatments commonly used, as well as different regimes of administration, will be especially important in trying to classify individuals as "responders" and "non-responders". Analysis of different genes correlated with drug response and also the emerging field of microRNAs (miRNAs) as possible biomarkers for early AMD detection and response will be also reviewed. This article aims to provide the reader a review of different publications correlated with AMD from the molecular and kinetic point of view as well as its commonly used treatments, major pitfalls and future directions that, to our knowledge, could be interesting to assess and follow in order to develop a personalized medicine model for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Maroñas
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura García-Quintanilla
- Servicio de Farmacia, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxia Farmaceutica e Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Grupo de Farmacoloxia Clínica, Instituto de Investigacion en Salud de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxia Farmaceutica e Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Grupo de Farmacoloxia Clínica, Instituto de Investigacion en Salud de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacia, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS) (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Unidad de Genetica Clínica y Genomica Funcional, Departamento de Farmacologia-Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maximino J Abraldes
- Servicio de Oftalmoloxía, Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Ciruxía e Especialidades Médico- Quirúrxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Lamas
- Grupo de Farmacoloxia Clínica, Instituto de Investigacion en Salud de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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5
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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6
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Veerappan M, El-Hage-Sleiman AKM, Tai V, Chiu SJ, Winter KP, Stinnett SS, Hwang TS, Hubbard GB, Michelson M, Gunther R, Wong WT, Chew EY, Toth CA. Optical Coherence Tomography Reflective Drusen Substructures Predict Progression to Geographic Atrophy in Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:2554-2570. [PMID: 27793356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Structural and compositional heterogeneity within drusen comprising lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins have been previously described. We sought to detect and define phenotypic patterns of drusen heterogeneity in the form of optical coherence tomography-reflective drusen substructures (ODS) and examine their associations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-related features and AMD progression. DESIGN Retrospective analysis in a prospective study. PARTICIPANTS Patients with intermediate AMD (n = 349) enrolled in the multicenter Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) ancillary spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) study. METHODS Baseline SD OCT scans of 1 eye per patient were analyzed for the presence of ODS. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of ODS presence with AMD-related features visible on SD OCT and color photographs, including drusen volume, geographic atrophy (GA), and preatrophic features, were evaluated for the entire macular region. Similar associations were also made locally within a 0.5-mm-diameter region around individual ODS and corresponding control region without ODS in the same eye. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preatrophy SD OCT changes and GA, central GA, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) from color photographs. RESULTS Four phenotypic subtypes of ODS were defined: low reflective cores, high reflective cores, conical debris, and split drusen. Among the 349 participants, there were 307 eligible eyes and 74 (24%) had at least 1 ODS. The ODS at baseline were associated with (1) greater macular drusen volume at baseline (P < 0.001), (2) development of preatrophic changes at year 2 (P = 0.001-0.01), and (3) development of macular GA (P = 0.005) and preatrophic changes at year 3 (P = 0.002-0.008), but not development of CNV. The ODS at baseline in a local region were associated with (1) presence of preatrophy changes at baseline (P = 0.02-0.03) and (2) development of preatrophy changes at years 2 and 3 within the region (P = 0.008-0.05). CONCLUSIONS Optical coherence tomography-reflective drusen substructures are optical coherence tomography-based biomarkers of progression to GA, but not to CNV, in eyes with intermediate AMD. Optical coherence tomography-reflective drusen substructures may be a clinical entity helpful in monitoring AMD progression and informing mechanisms in GA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Veerappan
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | | | - Vincent Tai
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie J Chiu
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katrina P Winter
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandra S Stinnett
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas S Hwang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Randall Gunther
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wai T Wong
- National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Y Chew
- National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cynthia A Toth
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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7
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Almeida DRP, Chin EK, Tarantola RM, Folk JC, Boldt HC, Skeie JM, Mullins RF, Russell SR, Mahajan VB. Effect of internal limiting membrane abrasion on retinal tissues in macular holes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:2783-9. [PMID: 26024069 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the structural and histological effects of a Tano diamond-dusted membrane scraper (DDMS) on the retinal surface after internal limiting membrane (ILM) abrasion in macular hole surgery. METHODS Institutional experimental study was performed in 11 eyes. All eyes underwent ILM abrasion in the operating room with a DDMS for macular hole repair as an alternative to traditional ILM peeling. Three human donor eyes underwent an identical procedure in the laboratory. Retinal tissues were removed by ILM abrasion with a DDMS during vitrectomy for macular hole repair and retinal tissues remaining in human donor eyes. Main outcome measures were microscopic and immunohistological characteristics of instrument tip tissues and retinal structure after ILM abrasion. RESULTS The tips of the Tano DDMS showed evidence of cellular membranes and ILM removal. The retinas showed distinct areas of lamellar ILM removal without penetration of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). CONCLUSIONS Application of the Tano DDMS instrument is sufficient to remove membranes from the surface of the ILM and layers of the ILM without disruption of the underlying RNFL. Internal limiting membrane abrasion can be a useful and effective alternative to complete ILM removal for macular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R P Almeida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Eric K Chin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Ryan M Tarantola
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - James C Folk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - H Culver Boldt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Omics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Stephen R Russell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 2Omics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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8
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Wu MY, Liang RR, Chen K, Shen M, Tian YL, Li DM, Duan WM, Gui Q, Gong FR, Lian L, Li W, Tao M. FH535 inhibited metastasis and growth of pancreatic cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1651-70. [PMID: 26185454 PMCID: PMC4500609 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s82718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FH535 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which a substantial body of evidence has proven is activated in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. We investigated the inhibitory effect of FH535 on the metastasis and growth of pancreatic cancer cells. Western blotting and luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that FH535 markedly inhibited Wnt/β-catenin pathway viability in pancreatic cancer cells. In vitro wound healing, invasion, and adhesion assays revealed that FH535 significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cell metastasis. We also observed the inhibitory effect of FH535 on pancreatic cancer cell growth via the tetrazolium and plate clone formation assays. Microarray analyses suggested that changes in the expression of multiple genes could be involved in the anti-cancer effect of FH535 on pancreatic cancer cells. Our results indicate for the first time that FH535 inhibits pancreatic cancer cell metastasis and growth, providing new insight into therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rui Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Ming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Duan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Ran Gong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Lian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; PREMED Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; PREMED Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Anand A, Sharma K, Chen W, Sharma NK. Using current data to define new approach in age related macular degeneration: need to accelerate translational research. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:266-77. [PMID: 25132797 PMCID: PMC4133950 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915666140516204512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major retinal degenerative disease of ageing whose complex genetic basis remains undeciphered. The involvement of various other factors like mitochondrial genes, cytoskeletal proteins and the role of epigenetics has been described in this review. Several population based AMD genetic studies have been carried out worldwide. Despite the increased publication of reports, clinical translation still eludes this davastating disease. We suggest models to address roadblocks in clinical translation hoping that these would be beneficial to drive AMD research towards innovative biomarkers and therapeutics Therefore, addressing the need large autopsy studies and combining it with efficient use of bioinformatic tools, statistical modeling and probing SNP-biomarker association are key to time bound resolution of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kaushal Sharma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Neel Kamal Sharma
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, USA
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10
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Whitmore SS, Braun TA, Skeie JM, Haas CM, Sohn EH, Stone EM, Scheetz TE, Mullins RF. Altered gene expression in dry age-related macular degeneration suggests early loss of choroidal endothelial cells. Mol Vis 2013; 19:2274-97. [PMID: 24265543 PMCID: PMC3834599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in developed countries. The molecular pathogenesis of early events in AMD is poorly understood. We investigated differential gene expression in samples of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid from early AMD and control maculas with exon-based arrays. METHODS Gene expression levels in nine human donor eyes with early AMD and nine control human donor eyes were assessed using Affymetrix Human Exon ST 1.0 arrays. Two controls did not pass quality control and were removed. Differentially expressed genes were annotated using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on RPE-specific and endothelium-associated gene sets. The complement factor H (CFH) genotype was also assessed, and differential expression was analyzed regarding high AMD risk (YH/HH) and low AMD risk (YY) genotypes. RESULTS Seventy-five genes were identified as differentially expressed (raw p value <0.01; ≥50% fold change, mean log2 expression level in AMD or control ≥ median of all average gene expression values); however, no genes were significant (adj. p value <0.01) after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Of 52 genes with decreased expression in AMD (fold change <0.5; raw p value <0.01), 18 genes were identified by DAVID analysis as associated with vision or neurologic processes. The GSEA of the RPE-associated and endothelium-associated genes revealed a significant decrease in genes typically expressed by endothelial cells in the early AMD group compared to controls, consistent with previous histologic and proteomic studies. Analysis of the CFH genotype indicated decreased expression of ADAMTS9 in eyes with high-risk genotypes (fold change = -2.61; raw p value=0.0008). CONCLUSIONS GSEA results suggest that RPE transcripts are preserved or elevated in early AMD, concomitant with loss of endothelial cell marker expression. These results are consistent with the notion that choroidal endothelial cell dropout or dedifferentiation occurs early in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Scott Whitmore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Terry A. Braun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jessica M. Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Christine M. Haas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Elliott H. Sohn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Edwin M. Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Todd E. Scheetz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Robert F. Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Mousavi M, Armstrong RA. Genetic risk factors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2013; 6:176-184. [PMCID: PMC3880448 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals older than 65 years of age. It is a multifactorial disorder and identification of risk factors enables individuals to make lifestyle choices that may reduce the risk of disease. Collaboration between geneticists, ophthalmologists, and optometrists suggests that genetic risk factors play a more significant role in AMD than previously thought. The most important genes are associated with immune system modulation and the complement system, e.g., complement factor H (CFH), factor B (CFB), factor C3, and serpin peptidase inhibitor (SERPING1). Genes associated with membrane transport, e.g., ATP-binding cassette protein (ABCR) and voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma 3 (CACNG3), the vascular system, e.g., fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), fibulin-5, lysyl oxidase-like gene (LOXL1) and selectin-P (SELP), and with lipid metabolism, e.g., apolipoprotein E (APOE) and hepatic lipase (LIPC) have also been implicated. In addition, several other genes exhibit some statistical association with AMD, e.g., age-related maculopathy susceptibility protein 2 (ARMS2) and DNA excision repair protein gene (ERCC6) but more research is needed to establish their significance. Modifiable risk factors for AMD should be discussed with patients whose lifestyle and/or family history place them in an increased risk category. Furthermore, calculation of AMD risk using current models should be recommended as a tool for patient education. It is likely that AMD management in future will be increasingly influenced by assessment of genetic risk as such screening methods become more widely available.
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Gorin MB. Genetic insights into age-related macular degeneration: controversies addressing risk, causality, and therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:467-86. [PMID: 22561651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition among the elderly population that leads to the progressive central vision loss and serious compromise of quality of life for its sufferers. It is also one of the few disorders for whom the investigation of its genetics has yielded rich insights into its diversity and causality and holds the promise of enabling clinicians to provide better risk assessments for individuals as well as to develop and selectively deploy new therapeutics to either prevent or slow the development of disease and lessen the threat of vision loss. The genetics of AMD began initially with the appreciation of familial aggregation and increase risk and expanded with the initial association of APOE variants with the disease. The first major breakthroughs came with family-based linkage studies of affected (and discordant) sibs, which identified a number of genetic loci and led to the targeted search of the 1q31 and 10q26 loci for associated variants. Three of the initial four reports for the CFH variant, Y402H, were based on regional candidate searches, as were the two initial reports of the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus variants. Case-control association studies initially also played a role in discovering the major genetic variants for AMD, and the success of those early studies have been used to fuel enthusiasm for the methodology for a number of diseases. Until 2010, all of the subsequent genetic variants associated with AMD came from candidate gene testing based on the complement factor pathway. In 2010, several large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified genes that had not been previously identified. Much of this historical information is available in a number of recent reviews (Chen et al., 2010b; Deangelis et al., 2011; Fafowora and Gorin, 2012b; Francis and Klein, 2011; Kokotas et al., 2011). Large meta analysis of AMD GWAS has added new loci and variants to this collection (Chen et al., 2010a; Kopplin et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2011). This paper will focus on the ongoing controversies that are confronting AMD genetics at this time, rather than attempting to summarize this field, which has exploded in the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Gorin
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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