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Kamal MV, Damerla RR, Parida P, Chakrabarty S, Rao M, Kumar NAN. Antiapoptotic PON2 expression and its clinical implications in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2012-2022. [PMID: 38602182 PMCID: PMC11145147 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its rising incidence and mortality rates. Despite therapeutic progress, understanding molecular intricacies is essential. This study explored the role of PON2, a multifunctional enzyme implicated in antiapoptotic mechanisms. Aberrant PON2 expression in oral cancers raises questions regarding its involvement in evading programmed cell death and treatment resistance. Patients with locally advanced disease were enrolled, and molecular analyses were undertaken on the collected tumor and normal tissues. Utilizing computational datasets, this study used in silico gene expression analysis, differential gene expression analysis in our patient cohort, survival analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis to unravel role of PON2 in disease prognosis. The results showed elevated PON2 levels in advanced tumor stages, correlating with factors such as tobacco exposure, higher tumor grade, and nodal metastasis. Survival analysis revealed prognostic relevance of PON2, with lower expression linked to extended survival rates. Gene set enrichment analysis identified pathways aiding in cancer metastasis influenced by PON2. This study underscores the significance of PON2 expression as a prognostic marker for oral malignancies, with increased expression associated with advanced disease stages. Understanding the molecular profile of the PON2 gene suggests its potential as a valuable biomarker for the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Vedant Kamal
- Department of Surgical OncologyManipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Medical GeneticsKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Preetiparna Parida
- Department of Medical GeneticsKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Public Health and GenomicsManipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Centre for Translational ResearchManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Naveena AN Kumar
- Department of Surgical OncologyManipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
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Sreekumar PG, Su F, Spee C, Hong E, Komirisetty R, Araujo E, Nusinowitz S, Reddy ST, Kannan R. Paraoxonase 2 Deficiency Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Retinal Degeneration in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1820. [PMID: 37891899 PMCID: PMC10604559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although AMD is a complex disease, oxidative stress is a crucial contributor to its development, especially in view of the higher oxygen demand of the retina. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously and constitutively expressed antioxidant protein that is found intracellularly associated with mitochondrial membranes and modulates mitochondrial ROS production and function. The contribution of PON2 to AMD has not been studied to date. In this study, we examined the role of PON2 in AMD utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models of AMD with emphasis on mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial localization and regulation of PON2 following oxidative stress were determined in human primary cultured retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells. PON2 was knocked down in RPE cells using siRNA and mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured. To investigate the function of PON2 in the retina, WT and PON2-deficient mice were administered NaIO3 (20 mg/kg) intravenously; fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG) were conducted; and retinal thickness and cell death were measured and quantified. In hRPE, mitochondrial localization of PON2 increased markedly with stress. Moreover, a time-dependent regulation of PON2 was observed following oxidative stress, with an initial significant increase in expression followed by a significant decrease. Mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters (basal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity, and maximal respiration) showed a significant decrease with oxidative stress, which was further exacerbated in the absence of PON2. NaIO3 treatment caused significant retinal degeneration, retinal thinning, and reduced rod and cone function in PON2-deficient mice when compared to WT mice. The apoptotic cells and active caspase 3 significantly increased in PON2-deficient mice treated with NaIO3, when compared to WT mice. Our investigation demonstrates that deficiency of PON2 results in RPE mitochondrial dysfunction and a decline in retinal function. These findings imply that PON2 may have a beneficial role in retinal pathophysiology and is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Christine Spee
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA; (P.G.S.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Elise Hong
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA; (P.G.S.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Ravikiran Komirisetty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Eduardo Araujo
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Steven Nusinowitz
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ram Kannan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA; (P.G.S.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.A.); (S.N.)
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3
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Garrick JM, Dao K, Costa LG, Marsillach J, Furlong CE. Examining the role of paraoxonase 2 in the dopaminergic system of the mouse brain. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:52. [PMID: 36056313 PMCID: PMC9438175 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme located at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Previous studies have found PON2 to be an important antioxidant in a variety of cellular systems, such as the cardiovascular and renal system. Recent work has also suggested that PON2 plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), as decreased PON2 expression in the CNS leads to higher oxidative stress and subsequent cell toxicity. However, the precise role of PON2 in the CNS is still largely unknown, and what role it may play in specific regions of the brain remains unexamined. Dopamine metabolism generates considerable oxidative stress and antioxidant function is critical to the survival of dopaminergic neurons, providing a potential mechanism for PON2 in the dopaminergic system. METHODS In this study, we investigated the role of PON2 in the dopaminergic system of the mouse brain by comparing transcript and protein expression of dopaminergic-related genes in wildtype (WT) and PON2 deficient (PON2-def) mouse striatum, and exposing WT cultured primary neurons to dopamine receptor agonists. RESULTS We found alterations in multiple key dopaminergic genes at the transcript level, however many of these changes were not observed at the protein level. In cultured neurons, PON2 mRNA and protein were increased upon exposure to quinpirole, a dopamine receptor 2/3 (DRD2/3) agonist, but not fenoldopam, a dopamine receptor 1/5 (DRD1/5) agonist, suggesting a receptor-specific role in dopamine signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest PON2 deficiency significantly impacts the dopaminergic system at the transcript level and may play a role in mitigating oxidative stress in this system further downstream through dopamine receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Garrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Departments of Medicine (Div. Medical Genetics) and of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Zarkasi KA, Abdul Murad NA, Ahmad N, Jamal R, Abdullah N. Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:647. [PMID: 35055468 PMCID: PMC8775550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anwar Zarkasi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
- Biochemistry Unit, Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Noraidatulakma Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Parween F, Hossain MS, Singh KP, Gupta RD. Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258879. [PMID: 34714861 PMCID: PMC8555796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) level is a potential biomarker owing to its association with a number of pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Since cholinergic deficiency is closely linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the treatment of choice for patients with AD. However, there is a heterogenous response to these drugs and mostly the subjects do not respond to the treatment. Gene polymorphism, the simultaneous occurrence of two or more discontinuous alleles in a population, could be one of the important factors for this. Hence, we hypothesized that PON2 and its polymorphic forms may be hydrolyzing the AChEIs differently, and thus, different patients respond differently. To investigate this, two AChEIs, donepezil hydrochloride (DHC) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB), were selected. Human PON2 wildtype gene and four mutants, two catalytic sites, and two polymorphic sites were cloned, recombinantly expressed, and purified for in vitro analysis. Enzyme activity and AChE activity were measured to quantitate the amount of DHC and PB hydrolyzed by the wildtype and the mutant proteins. Herein, PON2 esterase activity and AChE inhibitor efficiency were found to be inversely related. A significant difference in enzyme activity of the catalytic site mutants was observed as compared to the wildtype, and subsequent AChE activity showed that esterase activity of PON2 is responsible for the hydrolysis of DHC and PB. Interestingly, PON2 polymorphic site mutants showed increased esterase activity; therefore, this could be the reason for the ineffectiveness of the drugs. Thus, our data suggested that the esterase activity of PON2 was mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of AChEI, DHC, and PB, and that might be responsible for the variation in individual response to AChEI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Summon Hossain
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kshetra Pal Singh
- Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDO), Gwalior, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Garrick JM, Cole TB, Bammler TK, MacDonald JW, Marsillach J, Furlong CE, Costa LG. Paraoxonase 2 deficiency in mice alters motor behavior and causes region-specific transcript changes in the brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107010. [PMID: 34216730 PMCID: PMC8440460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme shown to play an important role in mitigating oxidative stress in the brain. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism of toxicity for neurotoxicants and is increasingly implicated in the etiology of multiple neurological diseases. While PON2 deficiency increases oxidative stress in the brain in-vitro, little is known about its effects on behavior in-vivo and what global transcript changes occur from PON2 deficiency. We sought to characterize the effects of PON2 deficiency on behavior in mice, with an emphasis on locomotion, and evaluate transcriptional changes with RNA-Seq. Behavioral endpoints included home-cage behavior (Noldus PhenoTyper), motor coordination (Rotarod) and various gait metrics (Noldus CatWalk). Home-cage behavior analysis showed PON2 deficient mice had increased activity at night compared to wildtype controls and spent more time in the center of the cage, displaying a possible anxiolytic phenotype. PON2 deficient mice had significantly shorter latency to fall when tested on the rotarod, suggesting impaired motor coordination. Minimal gait alterations were observed, with decreased girdle support posture noted as the only significant change in gait with PON2 deficiency. Beyond one home-cage metric, no significant sex-based behavioral differences were found in this study. Finally, A subset of samples were utilized for RNA-Seq analysis, looking at three discrete brain regions: cerebral cortex, striatum, and cerebellum. Highly regional- and sex-specific changes in RNA expression were found when comparing PON2 deficient and wildtype mice, suggesting PON2 may play distinct regional roles in the brain in a sex-specific manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrates that PON2 deficiency significantly alters the brain on both a biochemical and phenotypic level, with a specific impact on motor function. These data have implications for future gene-environment toxicological studies and warrants further investigation of the role of PON2 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Garrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States..
| | - Toby B Cole
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.; Center on Human Development and Disabilities, University of Washington, United States
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Depts. of Medicine (Div. Medical Genetics) and of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.; Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
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Andrade IGA, Suano-Souza FI, Fonseca FLA, Lago CSA, Sarni ROS. Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia: association with oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:83. [PMID: 33579341 PMCID: PMC7881534 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a multi-system disorder that may be associated with endocrine changes, oxidative stress in addition to inflammation. Studies suggest that selenium is a trace element related to protection against damage caused by oxidative stress.
Objective To describe the plasma levels of selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in A-T patients and to relate them to oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers.
Methods This is a cross-sectional and controlled study evaluating 22 A-T patients (age median, 12.2 years old) matched by gender and age with 18 healthy controls. We evaluated: nutritional status, food intake, plasma selenium levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid status, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results Adequate levels of selenium were observed in 24/36 (66.7%) in this evaluated population. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in selenium levels [47.6 μg/L (43.2–57.0) vs 54.6 (45.2–62.6) μg/dL, p = 0.242]. Nine of A-T patients (41%) had selenium levels below the reference value. The A-T group presented higher levels of LDL-c, non-HDL-c, oxidized LDL, Apo B, Apo-B/Apo-A-I1, LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, malondialdehyde [3.8 µg/L vs 2.8 µg/L, p = 0.029] and lower Apo-A-I1/HDL-c and glutathione peroxidase activity [7300 U/L vs 8686 U/L, p = 0.005]. Selenium levels were influenced, in both groups, independently, by the concentrations of oxidized LDL, malonaldehyde and non-HDL-c. The oxidized LDL (AUC = 0.849) and ALT (AUC = 0.854) were the variables that showed the greatest discriminatory power between groups. Conclusion In conclusion, we observed the presence of selenium below the reference value in nearly 40% and low GPx activity in A-T patients. There was a significant, inverse and independent association between selenium concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers. Those data reinforce the importance of assessing the nutritional status of selenium in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itana Gomes Alves Andrade
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 671, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04037002, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Isabel Suano-Souza
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 671, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04037002, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Sanchez Aranda Lago
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 671, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04037002, Brazil
| | - Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 671, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04037002, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Ganjali S, Shirmohammadi L, Read MI, Sahebkar A. High-density lipoprotein functionality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:769-775. [PMID: 32531506 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease which is characterized with excessive inflammation and autoantibodies, macrophage and complement activation, and subsequently immunologically mediated tissue damage. In spite of improved treatments of SLE, these patients experience premature atherosclerosis and the rate of mortality among them remains high. Autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes might contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by injuring the endothelium, as well as inducing pro-inflammatory and pro-adhesive endothelial cell phenotypes, as well as altering the metabolism of lipoproteins involved in atherogenesis. Hence, high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins (like low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) are important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications in SLE patients but these traditional risk factors fail to fully explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in these patients. The exact mechanism by which inflammation decreases HDL levels is not defined, but decreases in apoA-I production and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, as well as increased serum amyloid A (SAA), endothelial lipase and secretory phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2) could all contribute. In addition, during inflammation multiple changes in HDL structure occur, leading to alterations in HDL function which may be implicated in the CVD complications of SLE. Therefore, this review will aim to identify the mechanisms implicated in HDL dysfunction which occurs in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ganjali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Shirmohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multiple system involvement and positive serum autoantibodies. Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common and serious complication of SLE, and it is the main cause of death in patients with SLE. Abnormalities in the immune system lead to LN and involve a variety of cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages, NK cells, etc.), cytokines (interleukin, tumor necrosis factor α, etc.) and their related pathways. Previous studies have shown that the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis and development of LN. In recent years, one genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a number of gene association studies have explored the susceptibility genes of LN, including immunization-, inflammation-, adhesion- and other pathway-related genes. These genes participate in or suggest the pathogenesis and progression of LN. In this review, we summarize the genetic susceptibility of LN and discuss the possible mechanism underlying the susceptibility genes of LN.
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Song K, Liu L, Zhang X, Chen X. An update on genetic susceptibility in lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2019; 210:108272. [PMID: 31683055 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multiple system involvement and positive serum autoantibodies. Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common and serious complication of SLE, and it is the main cause of death in patients with SLE. Abnormalities in the immune system lead to LN and involve a variety of cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages, NK cells, etc.), cytokines (interleukin, tumor necrosis factor α, etc.) and their related pathways. Previous studies have shown that the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis and development of LN. In recent years, one genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a number of gene association studies have explored the susceptibility genes of LN, including immunization-, inflammation-, adhesion- and other pathway-related genes. These genes participate in or suggest the pathogenesis and progression of LN. In this review, we summarize the genetic susceptibility of LN and discuss the possible mechanism underlying the susceptibility genes of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Song
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China.
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11
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Liu Q, Liu H, Bai H, Huang W, Zhang R, Tan J, Guan L, Fan P. Association of SOD2 A16V and PON2 S311C polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:909-921. [PMID: 30607774 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) A16V and paraoxonase 2 (PON2) S311C gene variants and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and evaluate the effects of the genotypes on clinical, hormonal, metabolic and oxidative stress indexes in Chinese women. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 932 patients with PCOS and 745 control women. For the clinical and metabolic association study of genotypes, 631 patients and 492 controls were included after excluding the subjects with interferential factors. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Serum total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), oxidative stress index and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and clinical and metabolic parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of the A allele of SOD2 A16V polymorphism was significantly greater in patients with PCOS than in control subjects. Genotype (AA + AV) remained a significant predictor for PCOS in prognostic models including age, body mass index, insulin resistance index, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TGs) as covariates. Patients carrying the A allele had significantly higher serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and the ratio of LH to follicle-stimulating hormone compared with patients with the VV genotype. We also showed that patients carrying the C allele of the PON2 S311C polymorphism had lower T-AOC compared with patients carrying the SS genotype. However, no significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the S311C genotypes and alleles of the PON2 gene between PCOS and control groups. CONCLUSION The SOD2 A16V, but not PON2 S311C, polymorphism may be one of the genetic determinants for PCOS in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - H Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - W Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - R Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - J Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - L Guan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - P Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, SichuanUniversity, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Qujeq D, Mahrooz A, Alizadeh A, Boorank R. Paraoxonase-2 variants potentially influence insulin resistance, beta-cell function, and their interrelationships with alanine aminotransferase in type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:107. [PMID: 30693042 PMCID: PMC6327680 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_88_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance, beta-cell function, and their associations with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are affected by the functional variants of paraoxonase-2 (PON2) as an intracellular antioxidant in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-BCF) were assessed in T2D patients. Insulin levels were determined using ELISA. The variants PON2-A148G and PON2-S311C were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: According to the PON2-G148A variant, ALT was found to be significantly correlated with QUICKI (r = −0.616, P = 0.005) and HOMA-BCF (r = 0.573, P = 0.01) in the GA + GG group; however, the correlations were not statistically significant in the AA genotypes. Based on the genotypes of PON2-S311C, there was a significant correlation between ALT with QUICKI (r = −0.540, P = 0.031) and HOMA-BCF (r = 0.567, P = 0.022) in the SC + CC group. In the multiple adjusted logistic regression analyses, considering the variants PON2-G148A and PON2-C311S as independent variables and QUICKI and HOMA-BCF as the dependent variables, both variants were significantly associated with the QUICKI (P = 0.019 for PON2-G148A and P = 0.041 for PON2-C311S). Furthermore, PON2-C311S remained significantly associated with HOMA-BCF (P = 0.03). Conclusion: These data implicate a role for the functional variants of PON2 in insulin resistance and beta-cell function as well as underscore the effective role of these variants in the associations between them and ALT. Our data contribute to our understanding of the important physiologic functions of PON2 in glucose metabolism and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahad Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruzbeh Boorank
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Ren H, Tan SL, Liu MZ, Banh HL, Luo JQ. Association of PON2 Gene Polymorphisms (Ser311Cys and Ala148Gly) With the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Chinese Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:495. [PMID: 30210454 PMCID: PMC6119711 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between paraoxonase 2 (PON2) gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively investigated in the Chinese population with conflicting results. In this study, we systematically evaluated the association between PON2 Ser311Cys and Ala148Gly polymorphisms and T2DM risk by pooling all relevant studies. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases for the studies. The strength of association was determined by the allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, recessive, and dominant genetic models and measured as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), under fixed- or random-effect models. Results: There was no significant association between PON2 Ser311Cys polymorphism and T2DM under any of the genetic models: allelic (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.77-1.45; P = 0.721), heterozygous (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.87-1.45; P = 0.362), dominant (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.80-1.51; P = 0.562), recessive (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.48-1.58; P = 0.648), homozygous (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.47-1.89; P = 0.865). Similarly, no significant association was found in PON2 Arg148Gly polymorphism under any of the models: allelic (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.91-1.50; P = 0.218), heterozygous (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.94-1.74; P = 0.117), dominant (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.93-1.67; P = 0.142), recessive (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.52-1.88; P = 0.973), homozygous (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.57-2.07; P = 0.808). Conclusions: The PON2 Ser311Cys and Ala148Gly polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of developing T2DM in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mou-Ze Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hoan L. Banh
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jian-Quan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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da Silva SGL, Terreri MT, Abad TTO, Machado D, Fonseca FLA, Hix S, Suano-Souza FI, Sarni ROS, Len CA. The effect of nutritional intervention on the lipid profile and dietary intake of adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized, controlled trial. Lupus 2018; 27:820-827. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317751851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S G L da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M T Terreri
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T T O Abad
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D Machado
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F L A Fonseca
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, School of Medicine of ABC and Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Hix
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, School of Medicine of ABC (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC), SP, Brazil
| | - F I Suano-Souza
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R O S Sarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Len
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tanhapour M, Miri A, Vaisi-Raygani A, Bahrehmand F, Kiani A, Rahimi Z, Pourmotabbed T, Shakiba E. Synergism between apolipoprotein E Ɛ4 allele and paraoxonase (PON1) 55-M allele is associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:971-977. [PMID: 29273831 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidences indicate that abnormal lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation can affect the progression of complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) play important role in lipid metabolism and protection of lipid peroxidation. The polymorphisms of ApoE and paraoxonase (PON1) L55M (Met < Leu) allele genes lead to disorders in lipid metabolism and are related to atherosclerosis. This study is the first investigation to examine the possible association between ApoE and PON1-L55M polymorphisms and correlation with serum arylesterase (ARE) activities of PON, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), neopterin, and lipid lipoprotein in SLE patients from Iranian western population. The present case-control study consisted of 107 SLE patients and 101 gender- and age-matched, unrelated, healthy controls from Iran's western population. The ApoE and PON1-L55M genotypes were identified using PCR-RFLP method. The serum level of MDA, neopterin, lipid levels, and ARE activity were determined by HPLC, commercial kits, and spectrophotometry, respectively. Our results showed that ApoE ε4 and PON1-55M alleles act synergistically to increase the risk of SLE by 1.47 times (p = 0.038). We found that the frequency of ApoE Ɛ3/Ɛ4 genotype was higher in SLE patients (11.2%) compared with control subjects (5%), although the difference was not significant (p = 0.087). This study for the first time not only demonstrates that ApoE Ɛ4 and PON-55M alleles synergistically increase the risk of SLE but also reveals that serum levels of MDA, neopterin, and LDL-C are high in SLE patients. This information may be in value for evaluating SLE progression and in the elucidation of the mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tanhapour
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Bahrehmand
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Chen H, Ding S, Zhou M, Wu X, Liu X, Liu J, Wu Y, Liu D. PON1 L55M and Q192R gene polymorphisms and CAD risks in patients with hyperlipidemia. Herz 2017; 43:642-648. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-017-4611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ibrahim AA, El-Lebedy D, Ashmawy I, Hady MA. Association between paraoxonase-1 gene Q192R and L55M polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) in a population from Cairo of Egypt. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1305-1310. [PMID: 28185016 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is involved in the oxidative stress process that cause tissue damage observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms with risk of SLE and associated APS among Egyptian sample. The study included 120 SLE patients (45 without APS and 75 with APS) and 120 healthy subjects. PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR. No significant differences in Q192R genotypes or allele frequencies were found between patients and controls (p = 0.5 and 0.1, respectively). The frequency of the 55M allele was significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls (66.6 vs. 43.3%), while the 55L allele was more frequent in controls (56.6%) than in patients (33.3%) (p = 0.03). The LL genotype was more frequent in controls (21.6%) than in patients (10%) while M allele carrier genotypes (LM + MM) were more frequent among patients (90%) than controls (78.3%), p = 0.04. Also, the 55M allele was more frequent in APS patients (73.3%) than in patients without APS (55.6%), p = 0.004. M allele carrier genotypes (LM + MM) was significantly higher among APS patients (95.4%) than in non-APS patients (80%), p = 0.008. Our results indicated that the PON1 L55M polymorphism associated with SLE and associated APS in a population from Cairo of Egypt, while the Q192R polymorphism plays no role in disease susceptibility. A large scale study to assess PON1 polymorphisms, PON1 activity, and markers of oxidative stress interaction is needed to clarify the role of PON-1 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of SLE and associated APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaymaa Ahmed Ibrahim
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Dalia El-Lebedy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Ingy Ashmawy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdel Hady
- Internal Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Lebedy D, Rasheed E, Kafoury M, Abd-El Haleem D, Awadallah E, Ashmawy I. Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies as risk biomarker for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:580-5. [PMID: 26965796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-Apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies (anti-ApoA-1 IgG) represent an emerging prognostic cardiovascular marker in patients with myocardial infarction or autoimmune diseases associated with high thrombotic events. The aim of this work is to investigate the incidence of anti-apoA-1 autoantibodies in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with and without CVD and to study potential association with disease risk and its effect on plasma lipid parameters. METHODS Qualitative determination of anti-apoA-1 IgG was assayed in sera from 302 subjects classified into T2DM patients (n=102), T2DM+CVD (n=112) and healthy controls (n=88). RESULTS The incidence of anti-apoA-1 IgG was significantly higher among CVD patients (35.7%) than T2DM patients (8.8%) or control subjects (6.1%), p<0.0001. A significant association with CVD was identified (p<0.0001) and subjects who were positive for anti-apoA-1 IgG were at 8.5 times increased risk to develop CVD when compared to controls. Diabetic patients who were positive for the antibodies showed 5.7 times increased CVD risk. ROC analysis indicated anti-apoA-1 IgG as a risk biomarker for CVD in T2DM patients with an AUC value of 0.76, sensitivity of 35.7% and specificity of 91.2%. Studying the effect on lipid parameters, anti-apoA-1 IgG associated with significantly higher serum concentrations of TC and non-HDL-C in all groups and with higher concentrations of LDL-C in diabetic patients and higher TC/HDL-C ratio in CVD patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that anti-apoA-1 IgG is a cardiovascular risk biomarker in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia El-Lebedy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Rasheed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Kafoury
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abd-El Haleem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Awadallah
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ingy Ashmawy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Lebedy D, Kafoury M, Abd-El Haleem D, Ibrahim A, Awadallah E, Ashmawy I. Paraoxonase-1 gene Q192R and L55M polymorphisms and risk of cardiovascular disease in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:124. [PMID: 25551104 PMCID: PMC4279910 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased oxidative stress or an impaired antioxidant defense mechanism may play a crucial role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Recently, Paraoxonase −1 (PON1) which accounts for most of the antioxidant effect of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been presented as a potential therapeutic agent against atherosclerosis development. Allele frequencies for PON1 gene that influence enzyme concentration as well as activity differ greatly among ethnic groups and data from several studies showed ethnic variations in the interpretation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with PON1 polymorphisms. In this work, we investigated PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with CVD. Methods The study included 184 subjects classified into 3 groups; T2DM, T2DM + CVD, and healthy controls. PON1 polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR and PON1 concentration was assayed in serum by ELISA (enzyme linked immunesorbent assay). Results Genotype and allele frequencies of Q192R were significantly different between controls and diabetic patients. Frequency of QQ genotype was significantly higher in healthy controls, while QR and RR genotypes were significantly higher in diabetic patients (p = 0.02). Frequency of 55LL and LM genotypes were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = 0.009). Q192R polymorphism associated with CVD in our diabetic patients (p = 0.01) and with low serum PON1 concentration (p = 0.04). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between 192R and other independent CVD risk factors. Conclusion PON1 192R and 55 L alleles are associated with T2DM. Q192R polymorphism is associated with CVD and lower serum enzyme concentration and might represents a novel risk factor for CVD in Egyptian patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia El-Lebedy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Al-Bohouth Street, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Mona Kafoury
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Al-Bohouth Street, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Dalia Abd-El Haleem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Al-Bohouth Street, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Alshaymaa Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Al-Bohouth Street, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Eman Awadallah
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Al-Bohouth Street, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Ingy Ashmawy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Al-Bohouth Street, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
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Study of anti-apolipoprotein A-I antibodies and paraoxonase 1 activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; correlation with disease activity and damage indices. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ahmed MM, Elserougy EM, Al-Gazzar II, Fikry IM, Habib DF, Younes KM, Salem NAEH. Anti-apolipoprotein A-I antibodies and paraoxonase 1 activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. EXCLI JOURNAL 2013; 12:719-32. [PMID: 26622215 PMCID: PMC4663653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Identification of at-risk patients and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in SLE remain elusive. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and anti-apolipoprotein A-I antibody (anti-Apo A-I) appear to have a potential role in premature atherosclerosis in SLE. The aim of this work was to study PON1 activity and anti-Apo A-I antibody in SLE female patients and to demonstrate their relations to disease activity as well as disease related damage. Forty SLE female patients and 40 apparently healthy volunteers were included. Anti-Apo A-I antibodies levels and PON1 activity levels were assessed. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and systemic Lupus International Collaboration Clinics (SLICC)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) damage index were preformed in all patients. Compared with controls, SLE patients showed significantly lower PON1 activity and significantly higher titers of anti-Apo A-I. Anti-Apo A-I antibody titers correlated inversely with PON1 activity. Elevated titers of anti-Apo A-I antibody and reduced PON activity were related to increased SLEDAI and (SLICC/ACR) damage index scores. We concluded that there is decreased PON1 activity and formation of anti-Apo A-I antibodies in female patients with SLE. SLE-disease activity assessed by SLEDAI and SLE disease related organ damage assessed by SLICC/ACR damage index are negatively correlated with PON1 activity and positively correlated with anti-Apo A-I antibodies. PON1 activity and anti-Apo A-I antibodies might be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mahmoud Ahmed
- Internal Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammed Mahmoud Ahmed, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Postal Code: 12311, E-mail:
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Kim DS, Burt AA, Crosslin DR, Robertson PD, Ranchalis JE, Boyko EJ, Nickerson DA, Furlong CE, Jarvik GP. Novel common and rare genetic determinants of paraoxonase activity: FTO, SERPINA12, and ITGAL. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:552-60. [PMID: 23160181 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p033266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity is associated with cardiovascular and other human diseases. As the role of genetic variants outside of the PON gene cluster on PON1 activity is unknown, we sought to identify common and rare variants in such loci. We typed 33,057 variants on the CVD chip in 1,362 subjects to test for their effects on adjusted-PON1 activity. Three novel genes (FTO, ITGAL, and SERPINA12) and the PON gene cluster had SNPs associated with PON1 arylesterase (AREase) activity. These loci were carried forward for rare-variant analysis using Exome chip genotypes in an overlapping subset of 1,051 subjects using sequence kernel association testing. PON1 (P = 2.24 × 10(-4)), PON3 (P = 0.022), FTO (P = 0.019), and SERPINA12 (P = 0.039) had both common and rare variants associated with PON1 AREase. ITGAL variants were associated with PON1 activity when using weighted sequence kernel association testing (SKAT) analysis (P = 2.63 × 10(-3)). When adjusting for the initial common variants, SERPINA12 became marginally significant (P = 0.09), whereas all other findings remained significant (P < 0.05), suggesting independent rare-variant effects. We present novel findings that common and rare variants in FTO, SERPINA12, and ITGAL predict PON1 activity. These results further link PON1 to diabetes and inflammation and may inform the role of HDL in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim DS, Burt AA, Ranchalis JE, Richter RJ, Marshall JK, Nakayama KS, Jarvik ER, Eintracht JF, Rosenthal EA, Furlong CE, Jarvik GP. Dietary cholesterol increases paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:2450-8. [PMID: 22896672 PMCID: PMC3466014 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity has been consistently associated with cardiovascular and other diseases. Vitamins C and E intake have previously been positively associated with PON1 in a subset of the Carotid Lesion Epidemiology and Risk (CLEAR) cohort. The goal of this study was to replicate these findings and determine whether other nutrient intake affected PON1 activity. To predict nutrient and mineral intake values, 1,402 subjects completed a standardized food frequency survey of their dietary habits over the past year. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate dietary and covariate effects on PON1 arylesterase activity. Five dietary components, cholesterol (P < 2.0 × 10(-16)), alcohol (P = 8.51 × 10(-8)), vitamin C (P = 7.97 × 10(-5)), iron (P = 0.0026), and folic acid (0.037) were independently predictive of PON1 activity. Dietary cholesterol was positively associated and predicted 5.5% of PON1 activity, second in variance explained. This study presents a novel finding of dietary cholesterol, iron, and folic acid predicting PON1 activity in humans and confirms prior reported associations, including that with vitamin C. Identifying and understanding environmental factors that affect PON1 activity is necessary to understand its role and that of HDL in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Kim
- Department of Medicine and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Juyal RC, Negi S, Wakhode P, Bhat S, Bhat B, Thelma BK. Potential of ayurgenomics approach in complex trait research: leads from a pilot study on rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45752. [PMID: 23049851 PMCID: PMC3458907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inconsistent results across association studies including Genome-wide association, have posed a major challenge in complex disease genetics. Of the several factors which contribute to this, phenotypic heterogeneity is a serious limitation encountered in modern medicine. On the other hand, Ayurveda, a holistic Indian traditional system of medicine, enables subgrouping of individuals into three major categories namely Vata, Pitta and Kapha, based on their physical and mental constitution, referred to as Prakriti. We hypothesised that conditioning association studies on prior risk, predictable in Ayurveda, will uncover much more variance and potentially open up more predictive health. Objectives and Methods Identification of genetic susceptibility markers by combining the prakriti based subgrouping of individuals with genetic analysis tools was attempted in a Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort. Association of 21 markers from commonly implicated inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways was tested using a case-control approach in a total cohort comprising 325 cases and 356 controls and in the three subgroups separately. We also tested few postulates of Ayurveda on the disease characteristics in different prakriti groups using clinico-genetic data. Results Inflammatory genes like IL1β (C-C-C haplotype, p = 0.0005, OR = 3.09) and CD40 (rs4810485 allelic, p = 0.04, OR = 2.27) seem to be the determinants in Vata subgroup whereas oxidative stress pathway genes are observed in Pitta (SOD3 rs699473, p = 0.004, OR = 1.83; rs2536512 p = 0.005; OR = 1.88 and PON1 rs662, p = 0.04, OR = 1.53) and Kapha (SOD3 rs2536512, genotypic, p = 0.02, OR = 2.39) subgroups. Fixed effect analysis of the associated markers from CD40, SOD3 and TNFα with genotype X prakriti interaction terms suggests heterogeneity of effects within the subgroups. Further, disease characteristics such as severity was most pronounced in Vata group. Conclusions This exploratory study suggests discrete causal pathways for RA etiology in prakriti based subgroups, thereby, validating concepts of prakriti and personalized medicine in Ayurveda. Ayurgenomics approach holds promise for biomarker discovery in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C. Juyal
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Negi
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Wakhode
- Department of Ayurveda, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sulekha Bhat
- Department of Ayurveda, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bheema Bhat
- Department of Ayurveda, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - B. K. Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Additional Common Polymorphisms in the PON Gene Cluster Predict PON1 Activity but Not Vascular Disease. J Lipids 2012; 2012:476316. [PMID: 22685667 PMCID: PMC3364586 DOI: 10.1155/2012/476316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzymatic activity has been consistently predictive of cardiovascular disease, while the genotypes at the four functional polymorphisms at PON1 have not. The goal of this study was to identify additional variation at the PON gene cluster that improved prediction of PON1 activity and determine if these variants predict carotid artery disease (CAAD). Methods. We considered 1,328 males in a CAAD cohort. 51 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs) across the PON cluster were evaluated to determine their effects on PON1 activity and CAAD status. Results. Six SNPs (four in PON1 and one each in PON2/3) predicted PON1 arylesterase (AREase) activity, in addition to the four previously known functional SNPs. In total, the 10 SNPs explained 30.1% of AREase activity, 5% of which was attributable to the six identified predictive SNPs. We replicate rs854567 prediction of 2.3% of AREase variance, the effects of rs3917510, and a PON3 haplotype that includes rs2375005. While AREase activity strongly predicted CAAD, none of the 10 SNPs predicting AREase predicted CAAD. Conclusions. This study identifies new genetic variants that predict additional PON1 AREase activity. Identification of SNPs associated with PON1 activity is required when evaluating the many phenotypes associated with genetic variation near PON1.
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Zhou TB, Liu YG, Lin N, Qin YH, Huang K, Shao MB, Peng DD. Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus/lupus nephritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:686-93. [PMID: 22337243 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results from studies of the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)/lupus nephritis (LN) are controversial. We performed this metaanalysis to evaluate the relationship between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and SLE/LN and to explore whether the ACE D allele or DD genotype could become a predictive marker for risk of SLE/LN. METHODS Association studies were identified from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) as of May 1, 2011, and eligible investigations were synthesized using a metaanalysis method. Results were expressed with OR for dichotomous data, and 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS Sixteen investigations were identified for the analysis of association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and SLE, consisting of 1959 patients with SLE and 2078 controls. In the overall populations, there was a marked association between D allele or DD genotype and SLE susceptibility (D: OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04-1.58, p = 0.02; DD: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17-2.19, p = 0.003), and DD homozygous was associated with LN risk (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.26-6.11, p = 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, DD genotype associated with SLE risk was observed in Asians; no other association was found in Asians, whites, Africans, and Brazilians. CONCLUSION D allele and DD homozygous are significant genetic molecular markers to predict SLE susceptibility, and DD genotype is a valuable marker to predict the LN risk. More investigations are required to clarify the association of the D allele or DD homozygous with SLE/LN susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing 530021, China
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Crossroads in the evaluation of paraoxonase 1 for protection against nerve agent and organophosphate toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:87-94. [PMID: 22301377 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a 45kDa arylesterase associated with circulating high density lipoproteins (HDL), has been described as an anti-atherogenic element in cardiovascular disorders. The efficacy of PON1 as a catalytic bioscavenger against OP and CWNA toxicity has been on debate for the last few decades. Hydrolysis of various organophosphates (OPs) and chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) by PON1 has been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Recently, we established the protective efficacy of human and rabbit serum purified PON1 as well as human recombinant PON1 expressed in Trichoplusia ni larvae against nerve agent toxicity in guinea pigs. Exogenous administration of purified PON1 was effective in protecting against 1.2 X LCt(50) of sarin and soman administered endotracheally with microinstillation technology. However, the short half-life of exogenously administered PON1, probably due to poor association with circulating HDL, warrant alternative approaches for successful utility of PON1 in the treatment of OP/CWNA toxicity. In this mini review, we address the pros and cons of current PON1 prophylaxis and propose potential solutions for successful development of PON1 as an effective catalytic bioscavenger.
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