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Shen H, Yang J, Xue W, Wei Z, Li L, Guan J, Li X, Wu X. Renalase rs2296545 variant improve hypertension susceptibility by modifying binding affinity to catecholamines in obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01850-0. [PMID: 39232213 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition often linked with hypertension, has an undefined relationship with renalase, a protein known for regulating blood pressure. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum renalase levels as well as renalase functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2296545 variant and hypertension in a Han Chinese OSA population. 126 subjects underwent serum renalase detection, with linear regression being performed to evaluate the relationship between serum renalase levels and OSA-related traits. Additional 4275 subjects were obtained rs2296545 genotype information by SNP microarray. And binary logistic regression was used to assess the effect of rs2296545 on hypertension risk. Molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking were utilized to access the protein structures and the interplay between protein and catecholamines of wild-type and rs2296545 mutant renalase. The results showed that serum renalase levels were significantly higher in the severe OSA group. Further analysis showed renalase levels were positively correlated with blood pressure in the non-OSA group and negatively correlated in the severe OSA group. For rs2296545 polymorphism analysis, the hypertension risk significantly increased for the recessive model CC/GG + CG (OR = 1.211, 95% CI: 1.025-1.431) and the additive model CC/CG (OR = 1.223, 95% CI: 1.025-1.458) in the severe OSA. The rs2296545 polymorphism affected protein structure, and led to increase binding free energy, weakening interactions between renalase and catecholamines. In conclusion, serum renalase levels had independent association with blood pressure. And rs2296545 polymorphism may influence on susceptibility to hypertension by altering protein ability to bind to catecholamines, which might contribute to the intervention of hypertension in the OSA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangdong Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jundong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Xue
- Central Laboratory of Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Caobao Road 8, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Zhicheng Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Central Laboratory of Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Caobao Road 8, Shanghai, 200235, China.
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Wadström K, Jacobsson LTH, Mohammad AJ, Warrington KJ, Matteson EL, Turesson C. Apolipoproteins and the risk of giant cell arteritis-a nested case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:37. [PMID: 38281009 PMCID: PMC10821258 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and its predictors are incompletely understood. Previous studies have indicated reduced risk of future development of GCA in individuals with obesity and/or diabetes mellitus. There is limited information on blood lipids before the onset of GCA. The objective of the study was to investigate the relation between apolipoprotein levels and future diagnosis of GCA in a nested case-control analysis. METHODS Individuals who developed GCA after inclusion in a population-based health survey (the Malmö Diet Cancer Study; N = 30,447) were identified by linking the health survey database to the local patient administrative register and the national patient register. A structured review of medical records was performed. Four controls for every validated case, matched for sex, year of birth, and year of screening, were selected from the database. Anthropometric measures, self-reported physical activity, based on a comprehensive, validated questionnaire, and non-fasting blood samples had been obtained at health survey screening. Concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in stored serum were measured using an immunonephelometric assay. Potential predictors of GCA were examined in conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS There were 100 cases with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of GCA (81% female; mean age at diagnosis 73.6 years). The median time from screening to diagnosis was 12 years (range 0.3-19.1). The cases had significantly higher ApoA-I at baseline screening compared to controls (mean 168.7 vs 160.9 mg/dL, odds ratio [OR] 1.57 per standard deviation (SD); 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.10) (SD 25.5 mg/dL). ApoB levels were similar between cases and controls (mean 109.3 vs 110.4 mg/dL, OR 0.99 per SD; 95% CI 0.74-1.32) (SD 27.1 mg/dL). The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio tended to be lower in cases than in controls, but the difference did not reach significance. The association between ApoA-I and GCA development remained significant in analysis adjusted for body mass index and physical activity (OR 1.48 per SD; 95% CI 1.09-1.99). CONCLUSION Subsequent development of GCA was associated with significantly higher levels of ApoA-I. These findings suggest that a metabolic profile associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease may predispose to GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wadström
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
- Center for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart T H Jacobsson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aladdin J Mohammad
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth J Warrington
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carl Turesson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Żórawik A, Hajdusianek W, Markiewicz-Górka I, Jaremków A, Pawlas K, Martynowicz H, Mazur G, Poręba R, Gać P. Coexistence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Blood Renalase Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16666. [PMID: 38068986 PMCID: PMC10705922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the biggest health challenges facing health systems around the world. There are certain risk factors (CVRFs) that contribute to CVD. Risk factors associated with lifestyle such as tobacco consumption are particularly essential. Renalase is a recently discovered flavoprotein that may be involved in the progression of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between CVRFs and blood renalase concentration (BRC). The study group consisted of 96 people (51% women) who were hospitalized in the internal medicine department. CVRFs were measured using the AHA Life 7 scale. The E3109Hu ELISA kit was used to assess BRC. We found higher BRC in groups with a lower number of CVRFs (p < 0.05). We found a negative correlation between BRC and the number of CVRFs (r = -0.41). With the regression analysis, obesity, smoking, and a lack of physical activity (LoPE) were independently associated with lower blood renalase concentration. ROC analysis indicated the highest accuracy of BRC < 38.98 ng/mL in patients with ≥5 CVRFs. In conclusion, patients with a higher number of CVRFs had lower BRCs. The CVRFs particularly associated with a lower BRC were obesity, smoking, and LoPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żórawik
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hajdusianek
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Markiewicz-Górka
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jaremków
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Khater MH, Abd El-Hassib DM, Sabry JH, Elkilany RM, Ameen SG. Association Between Renalase Gene Polymorphism (rs2296545) and Hypertension in Egyptian Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e47903. [PMID: 37905164 PMCID: PMC10613451 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renalase gene polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. One of these polymorphisms is a common missense (rs2296545) polymorphism, which was reported to be related to hypertension. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible relation between renalase gene polymorphism (rs2296545) and hypertension in patients with CKD patients. Subjects and methods Ninety patients were included in this case-control study: 30 normotensive CKD patients, 30 hypertensive CKD patients, and 30 apparently healthy controls. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from peripheral whole blood, and renalase gene (rs2296545) polymorphism was genotyped in all patients and controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% CIs were calculated. Results We found that the CC genotype and the C allele renalase (rs2296545) were statistically associated with the risk of CKD (OR= 9.4; 95%CI 1.2-7.2; P= 0.036) and (OR= 3.78; 95%CI 1.57-9.08; P= 0.003), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the hypertensive CKD patients and the controls regarding the CC genotypes and the C allele, (26.7% versus 3.3%, P= 0.018) and (40% versus 11.7%, P< 0.001) for the CC genotype and the C allele, respectively. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the normotensive CKD patients with the CC genotype compared to other genotypes (P= 0.014 and P= 0.022, respectively) and also were higher in hypertensive CKD patients with the CC genotype when compared to other genotypes (P= 0.001 for both). Conclusion This study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the renalase gene (rs2296545) CC genotype and the C allele in CKD patients, especially hypertensive CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Khater
- General Surgery, Nile Health Insurance Hospital, Shubra El-Kheima, EGY
- General Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, GBR
| | | | - Jehan H Sabry
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University, Benha, EGY
| | - Rania M Elkilany
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University, Benha, EGY
| | - Seham G Ameen
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University, Benha, EGY
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Wang Y, Chen C, Hu GL, Chu C, Zhang XY, Du MF, Zou T, Zhou Q, Liao YY, Ma Q, Wang KK, Sun Y, Wang D, Yan Y, Li Y, Jia H, Niu ZJ, Zhang X, Wang L, Man ZY, Gao WH, Li CH, Zhang J, Gao K, Li HX, Chang J, Desir GV, Lu WH, Mu JJ. Associations of Renalase With Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Chinese Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:800427. [PMID: 35282385 PMCID: PMC8907541 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Renalase, a novel secretory flavoprotein with amine oxidase activity, is secreted into the blood by the kidneys and is hypothesized to participate in blood pressure (BP) regulation. We investigated the associations of renalase with BP and the risk of hypertension by examining renalase single nucleopeptide polymorphism (SNPs), serum renalase levels, and renal expression of renalase in humans. Methods ① Subjects (n = 514) from the original Baoji Salt-Sensitive Study cohort were genotyped to investigate the association of renalase SNPs with longitudinal BP changes and the risk of hypertension during 14 years of follow-up. ② Two thousand three hundred and ninety two participants from the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort were used to examine the association of serum renalase levels with hypertension. Renalase expression in renal biopsy specimens from 193 patients were measured by immunohistochemistry. ③ Renalase expression was compared in hypertensive vs. normotensive patients. Results ① SNP rs7922058 was associated with 14-year change in systolic BP, and rs10887800, rs796945, rs1935582, rs2296545, and rs2576178 were significantly associated with 14-year change in diastolic BP while rs1935582 and rs2576178 were associated with mean arterial pressure change over 14 years. In addition, SNPs rs796945, rs1935582, and rs2576178 were significantly associated with hypertension incidence. Gene-based analysis found that renalase gene was significantly associated with hypertension incidence over 14-year follow-up after adjustment for multiple measurements. ② Hypertensive subjects had higher serum renalase levels than normotensive subjects (27.2 ± 0.4 vs. 25.1 ± 0.2 μg/mL). Serum renalase levels and BPs showed a linear correlation. In addition, serum renalase was significantly associated with the risk of hypertension [OR = 1.018 (1.006–1.030)]. ③ The expression of renalase in human renal biopsy specimens significantly decreased in hypertensive patients compared to non-hypertensive patients (0.030 ± 0.001 vs. 0.038 ± 0.004). Conclusions These findings indicate that renalase may play an important role in BP progression and development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Gui-Lin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Fei Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yuan Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Jiaxin Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yue Man
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Hua Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Xian Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - John Chang
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gary V. Desir
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wan-Hong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Wan-Hong Lu
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- Jian-Jun Mu
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Baraja A, Sunarto FR, Adji AS, Handajani F, Rahman FS. Deletion of the RNLS Gene using CRISPR/Cas9 as Pancreatic Cell β Protection against Autoimmune and ER Stress for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease in children which is usually caused by autoimmunity that damages pancreatic a and b cells which have functions as blood glucose regulators. Some studies stated that Renalase (RNLS) gene deletion will protect these b cells from autoimmune reactions and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress. RNLS deletion by genome editing Clustered Regular interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-related (CRISPR/Cas9) is believed to have the potential to be a therapy for T1DM Patients.
AIM: This research was conducted to know the potential of RNLS deletion using the CRISPR/Cas9 as an effective therapy and whether it has a permanent effect on T1DM patients.
METHODS: The method applied in this research summarized articles by analyzing the titles and abstracts of various predetermined keywords. In this case, the author chose a full-text article published within the past 10 years by prioritizing searches in the last 5 years through PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, American Diabetes Association, and official guidelines from IDAI.
RESULTS: RNLS deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 in mice weakened the response of polyclonal -cell-reactive CD8+ T cells and disrupted the immune recognition to cells so that autoimmune killing did occur. In addition, such deletion prevents RNLS ER stress by increasing the threshold, triggering the unfolded protein response so that ER stress is difficult to occur. RNLS mutations in b cells also increase b cell survivability to oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION: b cells RNLS deletion by genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 is effective in protecting b cells from autoimmune reactions and RE stress. However, further research is needed to determine the side effects and safety of its use.
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The Effect of Renalase rs2576178 and rs10887800 Polymorphisms on Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in Young Patients (<50 Years): A Case-Control Study and In Silico Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5542292. [PMID: 34603559 PMCID: PMC8483926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most common form of cerebrovascular accident which its precise etiology remains mysterious. Renalase is a catecholamine-degrading enzyme playing a major role in blood pressure control. Recent studies show the effect of renalase activity on various diseases like IS. In the current study, we examined the possible effects of renalase gene (RNLS) rs2576178 and rs10887800 variants at the 5′-flanking and intron 6 regions on IS, respectively. Methods One hundred and fifty-four IS patients younger than 50 years and 165 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited in the study. For genotyping of rs2576178 and rs10887800 variants, the PCR-RFLP method was used. Results The RNLS rs10887800 AG genotype was more repeated in IS patients, but the difference was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.054). This variant was associated with IS in the overdominant model, and the AG genotype is associated with a1.6-fold increased risk of IS compared to AA+ GG genotypes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1-2.5, P = 0.033). No relationship was observed between RNLS rs2576178 polymorphism and IS in all genetic models. The findings of the haplotype and combination effects of rs10887800 and rs2576178 variants on IS showed no significant association. The in silico analysis showed no effect of rs2576178 and rs10887800 polymorphisms in the RNA structure, but the alteration of RNA sequence in rs2576178 results in the lack of a MBNL1 protein binding site. Conclusions RNLS rs10887800 but not rs2576178 polymorphism was associated with IS susceptibility in the overdominant model (AG vs AA+ GG genotypes).
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Royo JL, Castellano-Castillo D, Ruiz-Galdon M, Molina-Vega M, Cardona F, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-García JC, Reyes-Engel A. Monoamino oxidase alleles correlate with the presence of essential hypertension among hypogonadic patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1040. [PMID: 31743621 PMCID: PMC6978270 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been traditionally implicated in blood pressure through its effects on biogenic amine levels such as catecholamines, serotonin, and dopamine. Nowadays, this role is considered relegated to side‐effects such as orthostatic hypotension and/or hypertensive crisis derived from MAO‐inhibitory treatments in patients with psychiatric disease. Methods In the present work we have found an association between a polymorphic variant of MAOB gene and arterial hypertension in obese hypogonadic patients. The study cases comprised a series of 219 nondiabetic males with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and aged <45 years. Hypogonadism was defined as subnormal testosterone concentrations, when free testosterone values ranged <65 pg/ml. Results MAOB rs3027452‐A allele carriers were significantly over‐represented among hypertensive (HT) patients (25.49%) in comparison to either the non‐HT patients (10%, OR = 3.079 CI95 [1.364–6.952], p = .005, Chi‐square test) and the control population series of nonobese nor hypogonadic males (also 10%, p = .003 Chi‐square test). Upon adjusted, an independent association was shown with the hypogonadic group with hypertension when compared with nonhypertensive hypogonadics (Beta = 3.653, p = .005). When quantitative analysis was performed, hypertensive patients harboring rs3027452‐A allele showed higher systolic blood pressure values (p = .038, Mann–Whitney U‐test) as well as an increased Systolic‐Diastolic range despite following HT treatment (∆mmHg 54 vs. 48 for rs3027452‐A and rs3027452‐G respectively, p‐value .019, Mann–Whitney U‐test). Previous studies on MAOB revealed that rs3027452‐A allele has been correlated to a lower activity of the enzyme, what gives a functional evidence over our observation. Conclusion If this result could be extrapolated to other hypertensive patient groups, it would implicate a review of the markers and therapeutic targets on human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Royo
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Ruiz-Galdon
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Málaga, Spain
| | - José C Fernández-García
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Málaga, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Engel
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
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9
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Teimoori B, Moradi‐Shahrebabak M, Rezaei M, Mohammadpour‐Gharehbagh A, Salimi S. Renalase rs10887800 polymorphism is associated with severe pre‐eclampsia in southeast Iranian women. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3277-3285. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Batool Teimoori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi‐Shahrebabak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadpour‐Gharehbagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
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10
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Lv YB, Wang Y, Ma WG, Yan DY, Zheng WL, Chu C, Guo TS, Yuan ZY, Mu JJ. Association of Renalase SNPs rs2296545 and rs2576178 with the Risk of Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158880. [PMID: 27434211 PMCID: PMC4951046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Two renalase single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2296545 and rs2576178 have been reported to be associated with the susceptibility to hypertension (HT). Given the inconsistent results, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between these two SNPs and the risk of HT. Methods Electronic databases were systematically searched to find relevant studies. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the different concomitant diseases and ethnicities in the study population. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effect models. Results A total of six case–control studies on rs2296545 and six studies on rs2576178 were included. In the combined analysis, results showed a significant association between SNP rs2296545 and risk of HT in all genetic models (dominant model CG+CC/GG: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.24–1.65; recessive model CC/CG+GG: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09–1.69; codominant model CC/GG: OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.20–2.20, CG/GG: OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12–1.52; allelic model C/G: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.10–1.51). In subgroup analysis, we observed a significant association between rs2296545 and risk of essential HT. Although we did not observe an association between rs2576178 polymorphism and HT in the combined analysis, an increased risk was observed in the essential HT patients versus healthy controls (subgroup 1) analysis under the dominant, recessive, and codominant genetic models. Conclusions Renalase gene rs2296545 polymorphism is significantly associated with increased risk of HT, whereas rs2576178 polymorphism may not be associated with the susceptibility to HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang-Ge Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Ding-Yi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-Ling Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Tong-Shuai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Bagci B, Karakus S, Bagci G, Sancakdar E. Renalase gene polymorphism is associated with increased blood pressure in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2016; 6:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Stec A, Ksiazek A, Buraczynska M. Rs10887800 renalase gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in hemodialyzed patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:871-6. [PMID: 27023477 PMCID: PMC4894921 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Coronary artery disease (CAD) is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent studies have suggested that renalase, a novel FAD-dependent amine oxidase, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in ESRD patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between renalase gene polymorphisms and a risk of CAD in patients on hemodialysis. Methods In a case–control study, a total of 309 hemodialyzed patients (107 with and 202 without CAD) were genotyped for two SNPs in the renalase gene (rs10887800 and rs2576178) using the PCR–RFLP method. Results By multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that rs10887800GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of CAD under the codominant model [GG vs AA; adjusted OR 2.66 (95 % CI, 1.19–5.94), p = .017] and under the recessive model [GG vs AG + AA; adjusted OR 2.10 (95 % CI, 1.10–4.02), p = .025]. The rs2576178 polymorphism did not influence the risk of CAD. Conclusion The study suggested for the first time that the rs10887800 renalase gene polymorphism may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD in hemodialyzed patients and thus could be considered a new genetic risk factor for CAD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stec
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20954, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Ksiazek
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Buraczynska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20954, Lublin, Poland
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13
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Kiseljakovic E, Mackic-Djurovic M, Hasic S, Beciragic A, Valjevac A, Alic L, Resic H. Renalase Gene rs2576178 Polymorphism in Hemodialysis Patients: Study in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Med Arch 2016; 70:31-4. [PMID: 26980928 PMCID: PMC4779349 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.31-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Renalase is a protein secreted in kidneys and considered as a blood pressure modulator. High rates of hypertension and its regulation in patients on hemodialysis demands search for potential cause and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of renalase gene rs2576178 polymorphism in population from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Also, the objective of present study was to find the possible association between renalase gene rs2576178 polymorphism and hypertension in patients on hemodialysis. Material and Methods: The genotype of renalase gene rs2576178 polymorphism was determined in 137 participants (100 patients on hemodialysis and 37 controls), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent cleavage with MspI restriction endonuclease. Genotype and allele frequencies were assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using a Chi-squared test. The value of P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Comparison of genotype distribution and allele frequency in participants on hemodialysis with and without hypertension, and healthy control showed no statistical difference. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that renalase gene rs2576178 polymorphism is not a factor that influences blood pressure in patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Kiseljakovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirela Mackic-Djurovic
- Center for Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sabaheta Hasic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amela Beciragic
- Clinic for Hemodialysis, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amina Valjevac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Alic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Halima Resic
- Clinic for Hemodialysis, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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14
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Abstract
Hypertension associated with chronic kidney diseases often is resistant to drug treatment. This review deals with two main aspects of the management of CKD patients with hypertension: the role of sodium/volume and the need for dietary salt restriction, as well as appropriate use of diuretics and what currently is called sequential nephron blockade; the second aspect that is addressed extensively in this review is the role of the sympathetic nervous system and the possible clinical use of renal denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito M Campese
- Division of Nephrology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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15
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Shi WB, Wang HY. The association study on renalase polymorphism and hypertension: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:9505-9511. [PMID: 26309615 PMCID: PMC4537962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is considered a multi-factorial disease since its development is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Intensive efforts have been focused on identifying gene(s) related to hypertension. Renalase is a recently discovered protein that expressed in kidney, heart, liver, and brain that metabolizes catecholamines, regulation of blood pressure in humans and animals. A common missense polymorphism in the flavin-adenine dinucleotide-binding domain of human renalase (Glu37Asp) has recently been described. But the reported results are not always consistent. In this meta-analysis, we examined the association between (Glu37Asp) polymorphism (rs2296545) in renalase gene and risk of hypertension. Through a systematic literature search for publications between 2007 and 2014, we summarized the data from 4 studies on polymorphism (rs2296545) in renalase gene and risk of hypertension. We did not find any association of rs2296545 with risk of hypertension in dominant model (OR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.41-1.00), recessive model (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.95-1.75), co-dominant model (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 0.92-2.08), and allelic model (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 0.96-1.47). The results of the present study indicated that the renalase genetic polymorphism was not associated with risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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16
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The catalytic function of renalase: A decade of phantoms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:177-86. [PMID: 25900362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ten years after the initial identification of human renalase the first genuinely catalytic substrates have been identified. Throughout the prior decade a consensus belief that renalase is produced predominantly by the kidney and catalytically oxidizes catecholamines in order to lower blood pressure and slow the heart has prevailed. This belief was, however, based on fundamentally flawed scientific observations that did not include control reactions to account for the well-known autoxidation of catecholamines in oxygenated solutions. Nonetheless, the initial claims have served as the kernel for a rapidly expanding body of research largely predicated on the belief that catecholamines are substrates for this enzyme. The proliferation of scientific studies pertaining to renalase as a hormone has proceeded unabated despite well-reasoned expressions of dissent that have indicated the deficiencies of the initial observations and other inconsistencies. Our group has very recently identified isomeric forms of β-NAD(P)H as substrates for renalase. These substrates arise from non-specific reduction of β-NAD(P)(+) that forms β-4-dihydroNAD(P) (β-NAD(P)H), β-2-dihydroNAD(P) and β-6-dihydroNAD(P); the latter two being substrates for renalase. Renalase oxidizes these substrates with rate constants that are up to 10(4)-fold faster than any claimed for catecholamines. The electrons harvested are delivered to dioxygen via the enzyme's FAD cofactor forming both H2O2 and β-NAD(P)(+) as products. It would appear that the metabolic purpose of this chemistry is to alleviate the inhibitory effect of β-2-dihydroNAD(P) and β-6-dihydroNAD(P) on primary metabolism dehydrogenase enzymes. The identification of this genuinely catalytic activity for renalase calls for re-evaluation of much of the research of this enzyme, in which definitive links between renalase catecholamine consumption and physiological responses were reported. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Physiological enzymology and protein functions.
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17
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Malyszko J, Bachorzewska-Gajewska H, Dobrzycki S. Renalase, kidney and cardiovascular disease: are they related or just coincidentally associated? Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:41-9. [PMID: 25461379 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension are the leading cause of death in the developed countries. Diabetes and chronic kidney disease became also more prevalent reaching almost the level of epidemy. Researchers are looking eagerly for the new risk and/or pathogenetic factors, as well as therapeutic option in these disease. It has been suggested that human kidney releases a protein named renalase into the bloodstream. It is supposed to be an enzyme which breaks down catecholamines in the blood circulation and regulate blood pressure. However, there were several doubts whether renalase exerts monoaminooxidase activity, or if it is monoaminooxidase at all. Recently, a hypothesis that it is also a cytokine was postulated. Studies on renalase polymorphisms in hypertension, cardiovascular disease or diabetes are inconsistent. Similarly, there are several discrepancies in the animal on the possible role of renalase in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Some studies report a protective role of renalase in acute kidney injury, whereas others showed that renalase levels were mainly dependent on kidney function, indicating rather a role of kidney in excretion of this substance. Moreover, validated assays are needed to evaluate renalase levels and activity. On one hand a deeper and more accurate link between renalase and cardiovascular diseases require further profound research, on the other hand whether or not renalase protein could be a new therapeutic target in these pathologies should also be considered. Whether renalase, discovered in 2005, might be a Holy Grail of hypertension, linking kidney and cardiovascular diseases, remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Malyszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Slawomir Dobrzycki
- Invasive Cardiology Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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18
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Pawlik A, Serdynska M, Dabrowska-Zamojcin E, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, Domanski L, Ciechanowski K. Renalase Gene Polymorphism in Patients After Renal Allograft Transplantation. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 39:58-64. [DOI: 10.1159/000355777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Wang Y, Chu C, Ren J, Mu JJ, Wang D, Liu FQ, Ren KY, Guo TS, Yuan ZY. Genetic Variants in Renalase and Blood Pressure Responses to Dietary Salt and Potassium Interventions: A Family-Based Association Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 39:497-506. [DOI: 10.1159/000368460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Beaupre BA, Hoag MR, Carmichael BR, Moran GR. Kinetics and equilibria of the reductive and oxidative half-reactions of human renalase with α-NADPH. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8929-37. [PMID: 24266457 DOI: 10.1021/bi401185m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renalase is a recently discovered flavoprotein that has been reported to be a hormone produced by the kidney to down-modulate blood pressure and heart rate. The consensus belief has been that renalase oxidizes circulating catecholamine neurotransmitters thereby attenuating vascular tone. However, a convincing in vitro demonstration of this activity has not been made. We have recently discovered that renalase has α-NAD(P)H oxidase/anomerase activity. Unlike most naturally occurring nucleotides, NAD(P)H can accumulate small amounts of the α-anomers that once oxidized are configurationally stable and unable to participate in cellular activity. Thus, anomerization of NAD(P)H would result in a continual loss of cellular redox currency. As such, it appears that the root purpose of renalase is to return α-anomers of nicotinamide dinucleotides to the β-anomer pool. In this article, we measure the kinetics and equilibria of renalase in turnover with α-NADPH. Renalase is selective for the α-anomer, which binds with a dissociation constant of ∼20±3 μM. This association precedes monophasic two-electron reduction of the FAD cofactor with a rate constant of 40.2±1.3 s(-1). The reduced enzyme then delivers both electrons to dioxygen in a second-order reaction with a rate constant of ∼2900 M(-1) s(-1). Renalase has modest affinity for its β-NADP+ product (Kd=2.2 mM), and the FAD cofactor has a reduction potential of -155 mV that is unaltered by saturating β-NADP+. Together these data suggest that the products are formed and released in a kinetically ordered sequence (β-NADP+ then H2O2), however, the reoxidation of renalase is not contingent on the dissociation of β-NADP+. Neither the oxidized nor the reduced form of renalase is able to catalyze anomerization, implying that the redox and anomerization chemistries are inextricably linked through a common intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Beaupre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211-3209, United States
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