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Mamun M, Zheng YC, Wang N, Wang B, Zhang Y, Pang JR, Shen DD, Liu HM, Gao Y. Decoding CLU (Clusterin): Conquering cancer treatment resistance and immunological barriers. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112355. [PMID: 38851158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
One major obstacle in the treatment of cancer is the presence of proteins resistant to cancer therapy, which can impede the effectiveness of traditional approaches such as radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance can lead to disease progression and cause treatment failure. Extensive research is currently focused on studying these proteins to create tailored treatments that can circumvent resistance mechanisms. CLU (Clusterin), a chaperone protein, has gained notoriety for its role in promoting resistance to a wide range of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. The protein has also been discovered to have a role in regulating the immunosuppressive environment within tumors. Its ability to influence oncogenic signaling and inhibit cell death bolster cancer cells resistant against treatments, which poses a significant challenge in the field of oncology. Researchers are actively investigating to the mechanisms by which CLU exerts its resistance-promoting effects, with the ultimate goal of developing strategies to circumvent its impact and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies. By exploring CLU's impact on cancer, resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME), and therapeutic strategies, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maa Mamun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Martín-García D, García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Therapeutic Potential of Clusterin Inhibition in Human Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:665. [PMID: 38667280 PMCID: PMC11049052 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) protein is involved in various pathophysiological processes including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In recent years, the role of the secretory isoform has been demonstrated in tumor cells, where it inhibits apoptosis and favors the acquisition of resistance to conventional treatments used to treat cancer. To determine the possible therapeutic potential of inhibiting this protein, numerous studies have been carried out in this field. In this article, we present the existing knowledge to date on the inhibition of this protein in different types of cancer and analyze the importance it could have in the development of new therapies targeted against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Martín-García
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Marilina García-Aranda
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
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Hlavca S, Chan WH, Engel RM, Abud HE. Clusterin: a marker and mediator of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:379-391. [PMID: 38319453 PMCID: PMC11015998 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Intra-tumoural heterogeneity and cancer cell plasticity in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been key challenges to effective treatment for patients. It has been suggested that a subpopulation of LGR5-expressing cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for driving tumour relapse and therapy resistance in CRC. However, studies have revealed that the LGR5+ve CSC population is highly sensitive to chemotherapy. It has been hypothesised that another subset of tumour cells can phenotypically revert to a stem-like state in response to chemotherapy treatment which replenishes the LGR5+ve CSC population and maintains tumour growth. Recently, a unique stem cell population marked by enriched clusterin (CLU) expression and termed the revival stem cell (RevSC) was identified in the regenerating murine intestine. This CLU-expressing cell population is quiescent during homeostasis but has the ability to survive and regenerate other stem cells upon injury. More recently, the CLU+ve signature has been implicated in several adverse outcomes in CRC, including chemotherapy resistance and poor patient survival; however, the mechanism behind this remains undetermined. In this review, we discuss recent insights on CLU in CRC and its roles in enhancing the plasticity of cells and further consider the implications of CLU as a prospective target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hlavca
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia.
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Gross C, Guérin LP, Socol BG, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Ins and Outs of Clusterin: Its Role in Cancer, Eye Diseases and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13182. [PMID: 37685987 PMCID: PMC10488069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein originally discovered in 1983 in ram testis fluid. Rapidly observed in other tissues, it was initially given various names based on its function in different tissues. In 1992, it was finally named CLU by consensus. Nearly omnipresent in human tissues, CLU is strongly expressed at fluid-tissue interfaces, including in the eye and in particular the cornea. Recent research has identified different forms of CLU, with the most prominent being a 75-80 kDa heterodimeric protein that is secreted. Another truncated version of CLU (55 kDa) is localized to the nucleus and exerts pro-apoptotic activities. CLU has been reported to be involved in various physiological processes such as sperm maturation, lipid transportation, complement inhibition and chaperone activity. CLU was also reported to exert important functions in tissue remodeling, cell-cell adhesion, cell-substratum interaction, cytoprotection, apoptotic cell death, cell proliferation and migration. Hence, this protein is sparking interest in tissue wound healing. Moreover, CLU gene expression is finely regulated by cytokines, growth factors and stress-inducing agents, leading to abnormally elevated levels of CLU in many states of cellular disturbance, including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. In the eye, CLU expression has been reported as being severely increased in several pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuch's corneal dystrophy, while it is depleted in others, such as pathologic keratinization. Nevertheless, the precise role of CLU in the development of ocular pathologies has yet to be deciphered. The question of whether CLU expression is influenced by these disorders or contributes to them remains open. In this article, we review the actual knowledge about CLU at both the protein and gene expression level in wound healing, and explore the possibility that CLU is a key factor in cancer and eye diseases. Understanding the expression and regulation of CLU could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Bianca G. Socol
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Kim SS, Shin H, Ahn KG, Park YM, Kwon MC, Lim JM, Oh EK, Kim Y, Han SM, Noh DY. Quantifiable peptide library bridges the gap for proteomics based biomarker discovery and validation on breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8991. [PMID: 37268731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics is widely used for biomarker discovery. However, often, most biomarker candidates from discovery are discarded during the validation processes. Such discrepancies between biomarker discovery and validation are caused by several factors, mainly due to the differences in analytical methodology and experimental conditions. Here, we generated a peptide library which allows discovery of biomarkers in the equal settings as the validation process, thereby making the transition from discovery to validation more robust and efficient. The peptide library initiated with a list of 3393 proteins detectable in the blood from public databases. For each protein, surrogate peptides favorable for detection in mass spectrometry was selected and synthesized. A total of 4683 synthesized peptides were spiked into neat serum and plasma samples to check their quantifiability in a 10 min liquid chromatography-MS/MS run time. This led to the PepQuant library, which is composed of 852 quantifiable peptides that cover 452 human blood proteins. Using the PepQuant library, we discovered 30 candidate biomarkers for breast cancer. Among the 30 candidates, nine biomarkers, FN1, VWF, PRG4, MMP9, CLU, PRDX6, PPBP, APOC1, and CHL1 were validated. By combining the quantification values of these markers, we generated a machine learning model predicting breast cancer, showing an average area under the curve of 0.9105 for the receiver operating characteristic curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Kim
- Manufacturing and Technology Division, Bertis Inc., Hungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
- Bio Convergence Research Institute, Bertis Inc., Heungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonSeok Shin
- Bio Convergence Research Institute, Bertis Inc., Heungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Geun Ahn
- Manufacturing and Technology Division, Bertis Inc., Hungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Manufacturing and Technology Division, Bertis Inc., Hungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kwon
- Manufacturing and Technology Division, Bertis Inc., Hungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lim
- Manufacturing and Technology Division, Bertis Inc., Hungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Oh
- Manufacturing and Technology Division, Bertis Inc., Hungdeok 1-Ro, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 566, Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06135, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Man Han
- Bertis Inc., 172, Dolma-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 566, Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06135, Republic of Korea.
- Bertis Inc., 172, Dolma-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13605, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kovács P, Pushparaj PN, Takács R, Mobasheri A, Matta C. The clusterin connectome: Emerging players in chondrocyte biology and putative exploratory biomarkers of osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103097. [PMID: 37033956 PMCID: PMC10081159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionClusterin is amoonlighting protein that hasmany functions. It is amultifunctional Q6 holdase chaperone glycoprotein that is present intracellularly and extracellularly in almost all bodily fluids. Clusterin is involved in lipid transport, cell differentiation, regulation of apoptosis, and clearance of cellular debris, and plays a protective role in ensuring cellular survival. However, the possible involvement of clusterin in arthritic disease remains unclear. Given the significant potential of clusterin as a biomarker of osteoarthritis (OA), a more detailed analysis of its complex network in an inflammatory environment, specifically in the context of OA, is required. Based on the molecular network of clusterin, this study aimed to identify interacting partners that could be developed into biomarker panels for OA.MethodsThe STRING database and Cytoscape were used to map and visualize the clusterin connectome. The Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to analyze and study clusterinassociated signaling networks in OA. We also analyzed transcription factors known to modulate clusterin expression, which may be altered in OA.ResultsThe top hits in the clusterin network were intracellular chaperones, aggregate-forming proteins, apoptosis regulators and complement proteins. Using a text-mining approach in Cytoscape, we identified additional interacting partners, including serum proteins, apolipoproteins, and heat shock proteins.DiscussionBased on known interactions with proteins, we predicted potential novel components of the clusterin connectome in OA, including selenoprotein R, semaphorins, and meprins, which may be important for designing new prognostic or diagnostic biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- FibroHealth Interdisciplinary Research Programme, Fibrobesity Cluster, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Csaba Matta, ; Ali Mobasheri,
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Csaba Matta, ; Ali Mobasheri,
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Hong S, Song JM. High-Resolution In Situ High-Content Imaging of 3D-Bioprinted Single Breast Cancer Spheroids for Advanced Quantification of Benzo( a)pyrene Carcinogen-Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11416-11430. [PMID: 36812369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are critically correlated with carcinogenesis and are strongly affected by the environmental factors. Environmental carcinogens, such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), are associated with the overproduction of CSCs in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. In this report, we present a sophisticated 3D breast cancer spheroid model for the direct identification and quantitative determination of CSCs induced by carcinogens within intact 3D spheroids. To this end, hydrogel microconstructs containing MCF-7 breast cancer cells were bioprinted within direct-made diminutive multi-well chambers, which were utilized for the mass cultivation of spheroids and in situ detection of CSCs. We found that the breast CSCs caused by BaP-induced mutations were higher in the biomimetic MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids than that in standard 2D monolayer cultures. Precisely controlled MCF-7 cancer spheroids could be generated by serially cultivating MCF-7 cells within the printed hydrogel microconstructs, which could be further utilized for high-resolution in situ high-content 3D imaging analysis to spatially identify the emergence of CSCs at the single spheroid level. Additionally, potential therapeutic agents specific to breast CSCs were successfully evaluated to verify the effectiveness of this model. This bioengineered 3D cancer spheroid system provides a novel approach to investigating the emergence of CSC induced by a carcinogen for environmental hazard assessment in a reproducible and scalable format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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刘 皓, 胡 颖. [A Review of Celluar Senescence and Tumor Treatment]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:176-181. [PMID: 33829688 PMCID: PMC10408921 DOI: 10.12182/20210360503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, combined with the acquisition of a variety of secretory phenotypes. In addition to apoptosis, the induction of cellular senescence is an important mechanism that chemo- and radiotherapies and some targeted therapies rely on to produce an anti-tumor effect. However, being a self-protective mechanism of cells, cellular senescence can produce both positive and negative effects in tumor treatment. It remains a challenge to effectively utilize the anti-tumor effect of cellular senescence while averting the pro-tumor effect. How to improve the sensitivity of tumor treatment and to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis has become the bottleneck in cellular senescence research. We summarize in this review the "double-edged-sword" effect of cellular senescence in tumor treatment. We summarize and discuss the cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms that senescent cells use to affect tumor treatment, hoping to provide information that will help improve the outcome of tumor treatment and promote further research in basic and clinical application of cellular senescence in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- 皓 刘
- 哈尔滨工业大学 生命科学与技术学院 (哈尔滨 150000)School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - 颖 胡
- 哈尔滨工业大学 生命科学与技术学院 (哈尔滨 150000)School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
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Aragoneses-Cazorla G, Serrano-Lopez J, Martinez-Alfonzo I, Vallet-Regí M, González B, Luque-Garcia JL. A novel hemocompatible core@shell nanosystem for selective targeting and apoptosis induction in cancer cells. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of transferrin-decorated mesoporous silica-coated silver nanoparticles as a novel hemocompatible core@shell nanosystem for selective targeting and apoptosis induction in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)
- Madrid
| | - Blanca González
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)
- Madrid
| | - Jose L. Luque-Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
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Praharaj PP, Patra S, Panigrahi DP, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Clusterin as modulator of carcinogenesis: A potential avenue for targeted cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188500. [PMID: 33385484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is an evolutionary conserved molecular chaperone present in different human tissues and fluids and established to be a significant cancer regulator. It controls several cancer-associated cellular events, including cancer cell proliferation, stemness, survival, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, therapy resistance, and inhibition of programmed cell death to support cancer growth and recurrence. This multifunctional role of CLU makes it an ideal target for cancer control. More importantly, genetic and antisense-mediated (OGX-011) inhibition of CLU enhances the anticancer potential of different FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs at the clinical level, improving patient's survival. In this review, we have discussed the detailed mechanism of CLU-mediated modulation of different cancer-associated signaling pathways. We have also provided updated information on the current preclinical and clinical findings that drive trials in various cancer types for potential targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Li Y, Liu F, Zhou W, Zhang S, Chu P, Lin F, Wang HL. Diagnostic value of clusterin immunostaining in hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:127. [PMID: 33054843 PMCID: PMC7559739 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histologic distinction between well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign hepatocellular mass lesions is a known challenge. Existing biomarkers are of limited diagnostic value. Our previous studies observed an enhanced canalicular expression pattern of clusterin (CLU) in HCC, which was not observed in benign hepatocellular mass lesions such as hepatocellular adenoma. The aim of this study was to further investigate its diagnostic value for HCC by examining the expression pattern of CLU in a large number of non-hepatocellular tumors, and by comparing it with two other commonly used hepatocellular markers pCEA and CD10 that also show a canalicular staining pattern in HCC. Methods Enhanced canalicular staining patterns of CLU, pCEA and CD10 were analyzed on 54 surgically resected well to moderately differentiated HCCs on whole tissue sections, of which 37 had surrounding regenerative nodules while the remaining 17 had a non-cirrhotic background. CLU immunostaining was also performed on tissue microarray sections that contained 74 HCCs (40 of which were also stained for pCEA and CD10), 55 normal liver tissue samples, and 1305 non-hepatocellular tumors from multiple organs. Results Enhanced CLU canalicular staining was observed in 70% (89/128) HCCs but not in regenerative nodules, normal liver tissues or any non-hepatocellular tumors. The sensitivity and specificity for enhanced canalicular staining pattern of CLU in HCCs were 0.70 and 1.00. This enhanced canalicular pattern was observed in only 26 and 23% HCCs for CD10 and pCEA, respectively. These results further demonstrate that the distinctive enhanced canalicular pattern of CLU is unique to HCC. Conclusions CLU is superior to pCEA and CD10 as a diagnostic immunomarker in that it can help distinguish well to moderately differentiated HCC not only from non-HCC malignancies but also from benign hepatocellular mass lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wendi Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Sharon Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Adventist Health, Hanford, CA, 93230, USA
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Present address: Anatomic Pathology, NeoGenomics Laboratories, California, USA
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Hanlin L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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12
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Hoter A, Naim HY. Heat Shock Proteins and Ovarian Cancer: Important Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1389. [PMID: 31540420 PMCID: PMC6769485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a serious cause of death in gynecological oncology. Delayed diagnosis and poor survival rates associated with late stages of the disease are major obstacles against treatment efforts. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are stress responsive molecules known to be crucial in many cancer types including ovarian cancer. Clusterin (CLU), a unique chaperone protein with analogous oncogenic criteria to HSPs, has also been proven to confer resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Indeed, these chaperone molecules have been implicated in diagnosis, prognosis, metastasis and aggressiveness of various cancers. However, relative to other cancers, there is limited body of knowledge about the molecular roles of these chaperones in ovarian cancer. In the current review, we shed light on the diverse roles of HSPs as well as related chaperone proteins like CLU in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and elucidate their potential as effective drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hoter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Foster EM, Dangla-Valls A, Lovestone S, Ribe EM, Buckley NJ. Clusterin in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Genetics, and Lessons From Other Pathologies. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:164. [PMID: 30872998 PMCID: PMC6403191 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) or APOJ is a multifunctional glycoprotein that has been implicated in several physiological and pathological states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). With a prominent extracellular chaperone function, additional roles have been discussed for clusterin, including lipid transport and immune modulation, and it is involved in pathways common to several diseases such as cell death and survival, oxidative stress, and proteotoxic stress. Although clusterin is normally a secreted protein, it has also been found intracellularly under certain stress conditions. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding the origin of intracellular clusterin, including specific biogenic processes leading to alternative transcripts and protein isoforms, but these lines of research are incomplete and contradictory. Current consensus is that intracellular clusterin is most likely to have exited the secretory pathway at some point or to have re-entered the cell after secretion. Clusterin's relationship with amyloid beta (Aβ) has been of great interest to the AD field, including clusterin's apparent role in altering Aβ aggregation and/or clearance. Additionally, clusterin has been more recently identified as a mediator of Aβ toxicity, as evidenced by the neuroprotective effect of CLU knockdown and knockout in rodent and human iPSC-derived neurons. CLU is also the third most significant genetic risk factor for late onset AD and several variants have been identified in CLU. Although the exact contribution of these variants to altered AD risk is unclear, some have been linked to altered CLU expression at both mRNA and protein levels, altered cognitive and memory function, and altered brain structure. The apparent complexity of clusterin's biogenesis, the lack of clarity over the origin of the intracellular clusterin species, and the number of pathophysiological functions attributed to clusterin have all contributed to the challenge of understanding the role of clusterin in AD pathophysiology. Here, we highlight clusterin's relevance to AD by discussing the evidence linking clusterin to AD, as well as drawing parallels on how the role of clusterin in other diseases and pathways may help us understand its biological function(s) in association with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noel J. Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Shu F, Zou X, Tuo H, She S, Huang J, Ren H, Hu H, Peng S, Wang J, Yang Y. Stathmin gene silencing suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via AKT/sCLU and STAT3 signaling. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1086-1098. [PMID: 30628664 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy, with high rates of incidence and mortality. The high mortality rate and poor prognosis of gastric cancer are closely associated with its profound invasiveness, high incidence of metastasis, rapid proliferation, and high rate of recurrence. Previous studies have confirmed that stathmin (STMN) has an important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of gastric cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms by which STMN affects these processes remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine how STMN promotes invasion, migration and proliferation in gastric cancer tumor cells. The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that STMN is overexpressed in stomach neoplasm tissues, and that it is associated with migration, invasion, proliferation and anti‑apoptotic states of gastric cancer cells. The secretory proteins of gastric cancer cells with or without STMN knockdown were further analyzed using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation method to identify differentially expressed proteins verified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Inhibition of STMN decreases the levels of clusterin, cystatin C and matrix metalloproteinases, followed by inhibiting the protein kinase B and signal transducer and activation of transcription activation. These findings suggest that STMN could be a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Huan Tuo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Sha She
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Huaidong Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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15
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Kim MJ, Choi MY, Lee DH, Roh GS, Kim HJ, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Kim YS, Choi WS. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4625-4636. [PMID: 29435130 PMCID: PMC5797001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Young Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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16
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Clusterin inhibition mediates sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in human cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:702-716. [PMID: 28471806 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1983, the protein clusterin (CLU) has been isolated from almost all human tissues and fluids and linked to the development of different physiopathological processes, including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. During the last few years, several studies have shown the cytoprotective role of secretory CLU in tumor cells, inhibiting their apoptosis and enhancing their resistance to conventional treatments including hormone depletion, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In an effort to determine the therapeutic potential that the inhibition of this protein could have on the development of new strategies for cancer treatment, numerous studies have been carried out in this field, with results, in most cases, satisfactory but sometimes contradictory. In this document, we summarize for the first time the current knowledge of the effects that CLU inhibition has on sensitizing tumor cells to conventional cancer treatments and discuss its importance in the development of new strategies against cancer.
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17
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Butera G, Pacchiana R, Donadelli M. Autocrine mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:3-12. [PMID: 28751251 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of cancer secretome in the modification of tumour microenvironment and in the acquisition of cancer cell resistance to therapeutic drugs. The knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between cancer cell-secreted factors and chemoresistance is becoming fundamental for the identification of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies overcoming drug resistance and novel prognostic secreted biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the novel findings concerning the regulation of secreted molecules by cancer cells compromising drug sensitivity. In particular, we highlight data from available literature describing the involvement of cancer cell-secreted molecules determining chemoresistance in an autocrine manner, including: i) growth factors; ii) glycoproteins; iii) inflammatory cytokines; iv) enzymes and chaperones; and v) tumor-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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18
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eIF3f reduces tumor growth by directly interrupting clusterin with anti-apoptotic property in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18541-57. [PMID: 26988917 PMCID: PMC4951308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin is a secretory heterodimeric glycoprotein and the overexpression of secretory clusterin (sCLU) promotes cancer cell proliferation and reduces chemosensitivity. Therefore, sCLU might be an effective target for anticancer therapy. In the current study, we identified eIF3f as a novel CLU-interacting protein and demonstrated its novel function as a CLU inhibitor. The overexpression of eIF3f retarded cancer cell growth significantly and induced apoptosis. In addition, eIF3f interacted with the α-chain (1–227) of sCLU. This interaction blocked modification of psCLU, thereby decreasing the expression and secretion of α/β CLU. Consequently, the overexpression of eIF3f suppressed Akt and ERK signaling and subsequently depleted CLU expression. In addition, eIF3F stabilized p53, which increased the expression of p21 and Bax. Interestingly, the expression of Bax was increased without the activation of p53. eIF3f injected into a xenograft model of human cervical cancer in nude mice markedly inhibited tumor growth. The identification of this novel function of eIF3f as a sCLU inhibitor might open novel avenues for developing improved strategies for CLU-targeted anti-cancer therapies.
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19
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Knockdown of clusterin alters mitochondrial dynamics, facilitates necrosis in camptothecin-induced cancer stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:307-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Zheng W, Yao M, Qian Q, Sai W, Qiu L, Yang J, Wu W, Dong Z, Yao D. Oncogenic secretory clusterin in hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression at early staging and emerging molecular target. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52321-52332. [PMID: 28881732 PMCID: PMC5581031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by contributing to angiogenesis, chemoresistance, cell survival, and metastasis. However, the sCLU expression at early stage of HCC progression remains to be clarified. In this study, the alteration of sCLU oncogenicity was firstly evaluated in HCC- and their para-cancerous- tissues. The incidence of sCLU expression in HCC was significantly higher than that in their non-tumorous tissues at message RNA (mRNA) or protein level, gradually increasing with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. Abnormal sCLU expression was associated with the poor differentiation, TNM stage, and considered as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. Furthermore, silencing sCLU gene transcription inhibited the colony formation and proliferation of HCC cells, with decreasing phosphorylation level of AKT and GSK-3β in HCCLM3 cells in vitro and significantly suppressed the HCC xenograft growth in vivo, suggesting that sCLU with oncogenicity should be not only an early indicator but also novel potential molecular-targeted therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenli Sai
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liwei Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhizhen Dong
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Diagnostics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Shapiro B, Tocci P, Haase G, Gavert N, Ben-Ze'ev A. Clusterin, a gene enriched in intestinal stem cells, is required for L1-mediated colon cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34389-401. [PMID: 26399194 PMCID: PMC4741460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactive Wnt signaling is a common feature in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. A central question is the identification and role of Wnt/β-catenin target genes in CRC and their relationship to genes enriched in colonic stem cells, since Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells were suggested to be the cell of CRC origin. Previously, we identified the neural immunoglobulin-like adhesion receptor L1 as a Wnt/β-catenin target gene localized in cells at the invasive front of CRC tissue and showed that L1 expression in CRC cells confers enhanced motility and liver metastasis. Here, we identified the clusterin (CLU) gene that is also enriched in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, as a gene induced during L1-mediated CRC metastasis. The increase in CLU levels by L1 in CRC cells resulted from transactivation of CLU by STAT-1. CLU overexpression in CRC cells enhanced their motility and the reduction in CLU levels in L1 overexpressing cells suppressed the ability of L1 to confer increased tumorigenesis and liver metastasis. Genes induced during L1-mediated CRC cell metastasis and enriched in intestinal stem cells might be important for both CRC progression and colonic epithelium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beny Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Piera Tocci
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Gal Haase
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Avri Ben-Ze'ev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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22
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Yunoki T, Tabuchi Y, Hayashi A, Kondo T. Network analysis of genes involved in the enhancement of hyperthermia sensitivity by the knockdown of BAG3 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:236-42. [PMID: 27245201 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), a co-chaperone of the heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSPA) family of proteins, is a cytoprotective protein that acts against various stresses, including heat stress. The aim of the present study was to identify gene networks involved in the enhancement of hyperthermia (HT) sensitivity by the knockdown (KD) of BAG3 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Although a marked elevation in the protein expression of BAG3 was detected in human the OSCC HSC-3 cells exposed to HT at 44˚C for 90 min, its expression was almost completely suppressed in the cells transfected with small interfering RNA against BAG3 (siBAG) under normal and HT conditions. The silencing of BAG3 also enhanced the cell death that was increased in the HSC-3 cells by exposure to HT. Global gene expression analysis revealed many genes that were differentially expressed by >2-fold in the cells exposed to HT and transfected with siBAG. Moreover, Ingenuity® pathways analysis demonstrated two unique gene networks, designated as Pro-cell death and Anti-cell death, which were obtained from upregulated genes and were mainly associated with the biological functions of induction and the prevention of cell death, respectively. Of note, the expression levels of genes in the Pro-cell death and Anti-cell death gene networks were significantly elevated and reduced in the HT + BAG3-KD group compared to those in the HT control group, respectively. These results provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the enhancement of HT sensitivity by the silencing of BAG3 in human OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yunoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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23
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Al-Maghrabi JA, Butt NS, Anfinan N, Sait K, Sait H, Bajouh O, Khabaz MN. Clusterin immunoexpression is associated with early stage endometrial carcinomas. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:430-4. [PMID: 27079858 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin has anti-apoptotic, regeneration and migration stimulating effects on tumor cells. This study investigates the relation between clusterin expression and the clinicopathological parameters in endometrial carcinomas. Seventy one cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 59 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 9 serous adenocarcinoma, 1 clear cell adenocarcinoma, and 2 malignant mixed Mullerian tumor) and 30 tissue samples of non-cancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometrium, 10 secretory endometrium and 4 endometrial polyps) were employed for clusterin detection using tissue microarrays and immunostaining. A total number of 23 (32.4%) cases were positive for clusterin immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of clusterin was detected in 33.9% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 22.2% papillary serous endometrial carcinomas. Three (10%) control cases showed granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive clusterin immunostaining was found more frequent in well differentiated and stage I endometrial carcinomas, showing significant statistical association (p-value=0.036 and p-value=0.002 respectively). Significant difference in clusterin expression was observed between tumor cases and control group (P-Value=0.019), i.e., endometrial carcinoma cases are more than four times likely to show positive clusterin immunostaining (odds ratio 4.313 with 95% confidence interval 1.184-15.701). This study did not find relation between clusterin expression and disease recurrence, survival or any of the other clinicopathological parameters in endometrial tumors. The results of our study confirms the diagnostic values of clusterin in supporting the diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma. When clusterin is expressed in endometrial tumors, it is associated with lower stage. The correlation of clusterin with tumor stage suggests involvement of this molecule in endometrial tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadeem Shafique Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisrin Anfinan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Sait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Sait
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Bajouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Integrative proteomics and transcriptomics identify novel invasive-related biomarkers of non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8923-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Wang C, Jin G, Jin H, Wang N, Luo Q, Zhang Y, Gao D, Jiang K, Gu D, Shen Q, Huo X, Hu F, Ge T, Zhao F, Chu W, Shu H, Yao M, Cong W, Qin W. Clusterin facilitates metastasis by EIF3I/Akt/MMP13 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2903-16. [PMID: 25609201 PMCID: PMC4413626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a stress-induced chaperone that confers proliferative and survival advantages to cancer cells. However, effects and molecular mechanisms of CLU in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis are still unknown. In this study, HCC tissue array (n = 198) was utilized to investigate correlation between CLU expression and clinicopathological features. Overexpression of CLU in HCC tissues was correlated with shorter overall survival and higher tumor recurrence. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that silencing CLU attenuated the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells, whereas ectopic overexpression of CLU resulted in the forced metastasis of HCC cells. We also revealed that CLU activated Akt signaling through complexing with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I (EIF3I), which in turn promoted matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) expression and HCC metastasis. Positive correlations between CLU and MMP13, p-Akt, or EIF3I were found in HCC tissues. We further observed that CLU knockdown using the CLU inhibitor OGX-011 significantly suppressed HCC metastasis in two metastatic models through inhibiting EIF3I/Akt/MMP13 signaling. These findings indicate that CLU is an independent predictive factor for prognosis of HCC and it facilitates metastasis through EIF3I/Akt/MMP13 signaling. CLU suppression using OGX-011 may represent a promising therapeutic option for suppressing HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhi Jin
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Dishui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xisong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqun Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Cong
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Liu R, Wang Y, Cai H, Zhang L. Effects of down-regulation of clusterin by small interference RNA on human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:20925-20931. [PMID: 26885020 PMCID: PMC4723865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Up-regulation of clusterin is associated with the survival and progression of various malignancies, and down-regulation of clusterin promotes apoptosis and inhibits invasion. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of clusterin small interference RNA (siRNA) on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. METHODS siRNA transfection was performed using Lipofectamine™2000 reagent. Relative protein expressions were quantified by Western blot. Trypan blue assay was performed to assess tumor cell proliferation after siRNA transfection. The cytotoxic effect of clusterin siRNA on leukemic cells was measured using MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using fluorescence microscopy assay. Migration and invasion was detected after clusterin was silenced. RESULTS Clusterin siRNA clearly lowered clusterin protein levels in a time- dependent manner, leading to marked inhibition of cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, clusterin down-regulation significantly enhanced the extent of HL-60 apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the down-regulation of clusterin by siRNA can effectively trigger apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation and invasion of leukemic cells. Therefore, clusterin siRNA may be a potent adjuvant in AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of LaiwuLaiwu, China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of LaiwuLaiwu, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of ZhangqiuJinan, China
| | - Hengjuan Cai
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of ZhangqiuJinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women and Children’s HospitalQingdao, China
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The E-box-like sterol regulatory element mediates the insulin-stimulated expression of hepatic clusterin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:501-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Xu M, Chen X, Han Y, Ma C, Ma L, Li S. Clusterin silencing sensitizes pancreatic cancer MIA-PaCa-2 cells to gmcitabine via regulation of NF-kB/Bcl-2 signaling. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12476-12486. [PMID: 26550158 PMCID: PMC4612843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is known as a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of physiological processes including lipid transport, epithelial cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. Our recent study has demonstrated that knockdown of clusterin sensitizes pancreatic cancer cell lines to gmcitabine treatment. However the details of this survival mechanism remain undefined. Of the various downstream targets of CLU, we examined activation of the NF-kB transcription factor and subsequent transcriptional regulation of BCL-2 gene in pancreatic cancer cell MIA-PaCa-2. The MIA-PaCa-2 cells were transfected with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against clusterin, which led to a decreased protein level of the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2. Furthermore, inhibition of CLU decreased the function of NF-kB, which is capable of transcriptional regulation of the BCL-2 gene. Inhibiting this pathway increased the apoptotic effect of gmcitabine chemotherapy. Re-activated NF-kB resulted in attenuation of ASO-induced effects, followed by the bcl-2 upregulation, and bcl-2 re-inhibition resulted in attenuation of Re-activated NF-kB -induced effects. Animals injected with ASO CLU in MIA-PaCa-2 cells combined with gmcitabine treatment had fewer tumors than gmcitabine or ASO CLU alone. These findings suggest that knockdown of CLU sensitized MIA-PaCa-2 cells to gmcitabine chemotherapy through modulating NF-Kb/bcl-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Clinical Lab, People’s Hospital of WeifangWeifang, China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- Department of Clinical Lab, People’s Hospital of LaiwuLaiwu, China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of ZhangqiuJinan, China
| | - Chunqing Ma
- Department of Clinical Lab, People’s Hospital of ZhangqiuJinan, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Clinical Lab, People’s Hospital of WeifangWeifang, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Eighth People’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Clinical Lab, People’s Hospital of WeifangWeifang, China
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Zheng W, Yao M, Sai W, Qian Q, Pan L, Qiu L, Huang J, Wu W, Yao D. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of secretory clusterin expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:999-1008. [PMID: 26264614 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of secretory clusterin (sCLU) is associated with tumor progression by contributing to angiogenesis, chemo-resistance, cell survival, and metastasis. However, its diagnostic or prognostic values for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remain to be clarified. The average serum sCLU level analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in HCC patients than that in any of cases with cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, or healthy control. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve and diagnostic sensitivity were 0.75 and 74.7 % in sCLU, and 0.74 and 58.7 % in α-fetoprotein (AFP), respectively. The combining detections of sCLU and AFP rose up to 90.7 % for HCC diagnosis. In liver, sCLU by immunohistochemistry was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the HCC (77.3 %) group than that in their para-cancerous group (33.3 %). Abnormal serum or tissue sCLU expression was closely associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification of malignant tumors and lymph node metastasis, as an independent prognosis factor (hazard ratio, 2.287; 95 % confidence interval, 1.044-5.007; P = 0.039), and higher sCLU expression significantly correlated (χ (2) = 4.252, P = 0.039) with poor survival of HCC patients analyzed by multivariate Cox regression or Kaplan-Meier method, suggesting that abnormal sCLU expression associated with tumor progression could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Sai
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuhong Pan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Deb M, Sengupta D, Rath SK, Kar S, Parbin S, Shilpi A, Pradhan N, Bhutia SK, Roy S, Patra SK. Clusterin gene is predominantly regulated by histone modifications in human colon cancer and ectopic expression of the nuclear isoform induces cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1630-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xiu P, Dong XF, Li XP, Li J. Clusterin: Review of research progress and looking ahead to direction in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8262-8270. [PMID: 26217078 PMCID: PMC4507096 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, a large proportion of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is diagnosed in more than 700000 people each year worldwide. Liver cancer is particularly prevalent in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and the South Pacific, where hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection rates are very high. However, due to resistance to chemotherapy, patients with intermediate and advanced-stage disease cannot benefit from this treatment. Clusterin, which is overexpressed in many different cancers, is a stress-induced cytoprotective protein that confers treatment resistance. Custirsen (OGX-011) is a novel 2’-methoxyethyl modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide that targets secretory clusterin protein expression and is currently in clinical trials for patients with different cancers. In recent years, a number of different clinical trials have been performed, and two phase III clinical trials of custirsen evaluating combinations with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer are currently in progress. The aims of this review are to summarize the current state of research on clusterin, predict future research directions and analyze the potential of the clinical application of custirsen in HCC.
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Rabinovich-Guilatt L, Elgart A, Erisson L, Willsie SK, Tessler S, Barnett-Griness O, Pande A, Spiegelstein O. Impact of dosing regimen of custirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide, on safety, tolerability and cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:436-45. [PMID: 25782535 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Custirsen (OGX-011/TV-1011), a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that reduces clusterin production, is under investigation with chemotherapy in patients with solid tumours. Custirsen is associated with constitutional symptoms (CS) that may interfere with clinical pharmacology investigations, such as QT interval studies. Experience with other ASOs suggests NSAID premedication may ameliorate CS, but we observed suboptimal outcomes in healthy subjects given custirsen and NSAIDs. We sought to establish a custirsen regimen for future clinical pharmacology studies in healthy subjects. METHODS Subjects received custirsen (640 mg intravenously over 120 min) with dexamethasone premedication or increasing doses (320, 480, 640 mg over 6 days) of custirsen with dexamethasone premedication, then one full custirsen dose without premedication on day 8. Incidence/severity of adverse events (AEs) and extensive electrocardiogram readings were evaluated. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. RESULTS AEs included CS, elevated transaminases and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) that were predominantly grade 1/2. Administration of increasing custirsen doses and dexamethasone premedication reduced the incidence of CS associated with full dose custirsen. Transaminase elevation showed a dose-dependent effect (0% at days 2, 4, 27% at day 6) with the highest custirsen doses. Increasing doses of custirsen may have mitigated the severity but not incidence of aPTT prolongation. Neither regimen was associated with cardiac repolarization changes in QT values or concentration-effect analyses. The custirsen pharmacokinetic profile was consistent with previous experience. CONCLUSION Escalation of custirsen dose combined with dexamethasone premedication reduced CS associated with full dose custirsen and should be considered in future clinical pharmacology studies of custirsen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Elgart
- Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., Netanya, Israel
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Liu X, Meng L, Li J, Meng J, Teng X, Gu H, Hu S, Wei Y. Secretory clusterin is upregulated in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by systemic-to-pulmonary shunts and exerts important roles in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:505-18. [PMID: 25069740 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Phenotype modification of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) (excessive proliferation, migration and impaired apoptosis) plays central roles in pulmonary vascular remodelling of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, the potential mechanism and contributing factors involved in the phenotype alteration in PASMCs are still not completely elucidated. This study attempted to investigate the expression pattern of secretory clusterin (sCLU), a prosurvival protein, in systemic-to-pulmonary shunt-induced PAH rats and the potential roles of sCLU in pulmonary vascular remodelling. METHODS An original rat model of systemic-to-pulmonary shunt-induced PAH was established by combined surgery as we previously reported. Lung tissues were harvested at specific time points for real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemisty analysis; meanwhile, plasma was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell culture experiments were performed using cultured human PASMCs (HPASMCs). RESULTS Expression of sCLU was significantly increased in lungs exposed to systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. Moreover, plasma sCLU levels were markedly elevated with the progression of PAH in rats and also presented a positive correlation with pulmonary hemodynamic indices. In vitro cell culture assay indicated that sCLU expression and secretion increased with the phenotype modification of HPASMCs; furthermore, sCLU promoted HPASMCs proliferation, migration and apoptosis resistance, at least in part, via Erk1/2 and Akt signalling pathways. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that sCLU is functionally an important phenotype modulator of PASMCs, and its upregulation in lung tissues may exert a deteriorative role in pulmonary vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
- Medical Research Center; Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - L. Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
| | - J. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
| | - J. Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
| | - X. Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
| | - H. Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
| | - S. Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Y. Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Fuwai Hospital; Beijing China
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Abstract
Clusterin is a heterodimeric disulfide-linked glycoprotein (449 amino acids) isolated in the rat prostate after castration. It is widely distributed in different tissues and highly conserved in species. There are two isoforms (1 and 2) with antagonistic actions regarding apoptosis. Clusterin is implicated in a number of biological processes, including lipid transport, membrane recycling, cell adhesion, programmed cell death, and complement cascade, representing a truly multifunctional protein. Isoform 2 is overexpressed under cellular stress conditions and protects cells from apoptosis by impeding Bax actions on the mitochondrial membrane and exerts other protumor activities, like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway activation, modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling and matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression, increased angiogenesis, modulation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway, among others. Its overexpression should be considered as a nonspecific cellular response to a wide variety of tissue insults like cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, excess of free oxygen radicals, androgen or estrogen deprivation, etc. A review of the recent literature strongly suggests potential roles for custirsen in particular, and proapoptosis treatments in general, as novel modalities in cancer management. Inhibition of clusterin is known to increase the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents, and custirsen, a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide that blocks clusterin, is being tested in a Phase III clinical trial after successful results were achieved in Phase II studies. A major issue in cancer evolution that remains unanswered is whether clusterin represents a driving force of tumorigenesis or a late phenomenon after chemotherapy. This review presents preclinical data that encourages trials in various types of cancer other than advanced castration-resistance prostate cancer and discusses briefly the appropriate timing for clusterin inhibition in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Gerencia de Efectores Sanitarios Propios, Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social para Jubilados y Pensionados, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
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Majidzadeh-A K, Gharechahi J. Plasma proteomics analysis of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:753. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Nestheide S, Bridge JA, Barnes M, Frayer R, Sumegi J. Pharmacologic inhibition of epigenetic modification reveals targets of aberrant promoter methylation in Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:1437-46. [PMID: 23508900 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma (ES), a highly aggressive tumor of children and young adults, is characterized most commonly by an 11;22 chromosomal translocation that fuses EWSR1 located at 22q12 with FLI1, coding for a member of the ETS family of transcription factors. Although genetic changes in ES have been extensively researched, our understanding of the role of epigenetic modifications in this neoplasm is limited. PROCEDURE In an effort to improve our knowledge in the role of epigenetic changes in ES we evaluated the in vitro antineoplastic effect of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) and identified epigenetically silenced genes by pharmacologic unmasking of DNA methylation coupled with genome-wide expression profiling. RESULTS Comparisons between untreated and 5-Aza-dC treated ES cell lines (n = 5) identified 208 probe sets with at least twofold difference in expression (P ≤ 0.05). The 208 probe sets represented 145 upregulated and 31 down-regulated genes. Of the 145 genes upregulated after 5-Aza-dC treatment, four: were further characterized. ACRC, CLU, MEST, and NNAT were found to be hypermethylated and transcriptionally down-regulated in ES cell lines. Further studies revealed that ACRC, CLU, MEST, and NNAT were often hypermethylated in primary ES tumors. Transfection-mediated reexpression of ACRC, CLU, MEST, and NNAT in ES cell lines resulted in decreased growth in culture. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated epigenetically modified genes in ES cell lines and primary tumors and suggested that epigenetic dysregulation may contribute to disease pathogenesis in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawnagay Nestheide
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Blood and Cancer Research Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Valdiglesias V, Fernández-Tajes J, Méndez J, Pásaro E, Laffon B. The marine toxin okadaic acid induces alterations in the expression level of cancer-related genes in human neuronal cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 92:303-311. [PMID: 23561263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most common and highly distributed marine toxins. It can be accumulated in several molluscs and other marine organisms and cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms after oral consumption by humans, called diarrheic shellfish poisoning. However other toxic effects beyond these gastrointestinal symptoms were also reported. Thus, OA was found to induce important chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic injuries that can lead to severe pathologies, including cancer. Furthermore, the relationship between OA and carcinogenic processes has been previously demonstrated in in vivo studies with rodents, and also suggested in human epidemiological studies. In this context, further research is required to better understand the underlying mechanisms of OA-related tumourigenesis. In a previous study, we identified 247 genes differentially expressed in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to 100nM OA at different times (3, 24 and 48h) by means of suppression subtractive hybridization. These genes were involved in relevant cell functions such as signal transduction, cell cycle, metabolism, and transcription and translation processes. However, due to the high potential percentage of false positives that may be obtained by this approach, results from SSH are recommended to be analyzed by an independent method. In the present study, we selected ten genes related to cancer initiation or progression, directly or indirectly, for further quantitative PCR analysis (ANAPC13, PTTG1, CALM2, CLU, HN1, MALAT1, MAPRE2, MLLT11, SGA-81M and TAX1BP1). Results obtained showed important alterations in the expression patterns of all the genes evaluated at one or more treatment times, providing, for the first time, a possible explanation at the molecular level of the potential relationship between the consumption of OA-contaminated shellfish and the incidence of different cancers in humans. Nevertheless, given the complexity of this process, more exhaustive studies are required before drawing any final conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Toxicology Unit, Psychobiology Department, University of A Coruña, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Blumenstein B, Saad F, Hotte S, Chi KN, Eigl B, Gleave M, Jacobs C. Reduction in serum clusterin is a potential therapeutic biomarker in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with custirsen. Cancer Med 2013; 2:468-77. [PMID: 24156019 PMCID: PMC3799281 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of clusterin (CLU), a stress-induced and secreted cytoprotective chaperone, are associated with advanced tumor stage, metastasis, treatment resistance, and adverse outcome in several cancers. Custirsen, a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide, inhibits CLU production in tumor cells and reduces serum CLU levels. A Phase 2 study evaluated custirsen in combination with second-line chemotherapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had progressed while on or within 6 months of first-line docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Exploratory analyses evaluated serum CLU levels during custirsen treatment and correlative clinical effects on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, overall survival, and any relationship between serum CLU and PSA. Men with mCRPC were treated with mitoxantrone/prednisone/custirsen (MPC, n = 22) or docetaxel retreatment/prednisone/custirsen (DPC plus DPC-Assigned, n = 45) in an open-label, multicenter study. Subject-specific profiles of PSA and serum CLU levels during treatment were characterized using statistical modeling to compute subject-specific summary measures; these measures were analyzed for relationship to survival using proportional hazard regression. Estimated individual serum CLU response profiles were scored as below or at/above the median level for the population through 100 days postrandomization. Median survival was longer for subjects scoring below the median serum CLU level compared with subjects at/above the median level, respectively (MPC: 15.1 months vs. 6.2 months; DPC-Pooled: 17.0 months vs. 12.1 months). Lowered serum CLU levels during custirsen treatment when in combination with either chemotherapy regimen were predictive of longer survival in mCRPC. These results support further evaluation of serum CLU as a therapeutic biomarker.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao H, Liang B, Du Q. Clusterin confers resistance to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through NF-kappaB activation and Bcl-2 overexpression. J Chemother 2013; 24:348-57. [PMID: 23174100 DOI: 10.1179/1973947812y.0000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sClu) is an anti-apoptotic protein that plays a role in protecting cells from Tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of sClu on TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The wild-type p53 expressing MCF-7 cell line was engineered to overexpress sClu (MCF-7/sClu), whereas the MDA-MB-231 cell line with mutant p53 was transfected with a sClu silencing siRNA (MDA-MB-231/sClu siRNA). The effects of clusterin overexpression and downregulation on apoptosis and sensitivity to TNF-alpha were examined in vitro. Our results showed that TNF-alpha treatment increased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer cells, suggesting that Bcl-2 is directly regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in response to TNF-alpha. The induction of Bcl-2 was mediated by the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. siRNA-mediated silencing of Bcl-2 led to a significant increase in TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Silencing of sClu in MDA-MB-231/sClu siRNA cells abrogated TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation and Bcl-2 overexpression, and rendered the MDA-MB-231/sClu siRNA cells significantly more sensitive to TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis than the parental cells. Furthermore, overexpression of sClu in MCF-7/sClu cells promoted TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activity and Bcl-2 overexpression, and rendered the MCF-7/Clu cells significantly more resistant to TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity or p65 and Bcl-2 expression reversed these effects. The present results suggested that sClu confers breast cancer cells resistance to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis through NF-kappaB activation and Bcl-2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, China
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A mass spectrometry-based plasma protein panel targeting the tumor microenvironment in patients with breast cancer. J Proteomics 2013; 81:135-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Niu Z, Li X, Hu B, Li R, Wang L, Wu L, Wang X. Small interfering RNA targeted to secretory clusterin blocks tumor growth, motility, and invasion in breast cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:991-8. [PMID: 23099883 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin/apolipoprotein J (Clu) is a ubiquitously expressed secreted heterodimeric glycoprotein that is implicated in several physiological processes. It has been reported that the elevated level of secreted clusterin (sClu) protein is associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients and can induce metastasis in rodent models. In this study, we investigated the effects of sClu inhibition with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on cell motility, invasion, and growth in vitro and in vivo. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with pSuper-siRNA/sClu. Cell survival and proliferation were examined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and clonogenic survival assay. The results showed that sClu silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The invasion and migration ability were also dramatically decreased, which was detected by matrigel assays. TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that sClu silencing also could increase the apoptosis rate of cells, resulting in the inhibition of cell growth. We also determined the effects of sClu silencing on tumor growth and metastatic progression in an orthotopic breast cancer model. The results showed that orthotopic primary tumors derived from MDA-MB-231/pSuper sClu siRNA cells grew significantly slower than tumors derived from parental MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-231/pSuper scramble siRNA cells, and metastasize less to the lungs. These data suggest that secretory clusterin plays a significant role in tumor growth and metastatic progression. Knocking-down sClu gene expression may provide a valuable method for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Niu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Li Y, Liu N, Huang D, Zhang Z, Peng Z, Duan C, Tang X, Tan G, Yan G, Mei W, Tang F. Proteomic analysis on N, N'-dinitrosopiperazine-mediated metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 6-10B cells. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 13:25. [PMID: 23157228 PMCID: PMC3570300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-13-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high metastatic feature. N,N'-Dinitrosopiperazine (DNP) is involved in NPC metastasis, but its mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study is to reveal the pathogenesis of DNP-involved metastasis. 6-10B cells with low metastasis are from NPC cell line SUNE-1, were used to investigate the mechanism of DNP-mediated NPC metastasis. RESULTS 6-10B cells were grown in DMEM containing 2H4-L-lysine and 13C 6 15 N4-L-arginine or conventional L-lysine and L-arginine, and identified the incorporation of amino acid by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Labeled 6-10B cells were treated with DNP at 0 -18 μM to establish the non-cytotoxic concentration (NCC) range. NCC was 0 -10 μM. Following treatment with DNP at this range, the motility and invasion of cells were detected in vitro, and DNP-mediated metastasis was confirmed in the nude mice. DNP increased 6-10B cell metastasis in vitro and vivo. DNP-induced protein expression was investigated using a quantitative proteomic. The SILAC-based approach quantified 2698 proteins, 371 of which showed significant change after DNP treatment (172 up-regulated and 199 down-regulated proteins). DNP induced the change in abundance of mitochondrial proteins, mediated the status of oxidative stress and the imbalance of redox state, increased cytoskeletal protein, cathepsin, anterior gradient-2, and clusterin expression. DNP also increased the expression of secretory AKR1B10, cathepsin B and clusterin 6-10B cells. Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway analysis showed that DNP may regulate protein synthesis, cellular movement, lipid metabolism, molecular transport, cellular growth and proliferation signaling pathways. CONCLUSION DNP may regulate cytoskeletal protein, cathepsin, anterior gradient-2, and clusterin expression, increase NPC cells motility and invasion, is involved NPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Li
- Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Li J, Jia L, Zhao P, Jiang Y, Zhong S, Chen D. Stable knockdown of clusterin by vectorbased RNA interference in a human breast cancer cell line inhibits tumour cell invasion and metastasis. J Int Med Res 2012; 40:545-55. [PMID: 22613415 DOI: 10.1177/147323001204000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of the clusterin (CLU) gene occurs in breast cancer and is associated with lymph node metastasis. The present study explored the effect of CLU silencing on invasion and metastasis, and the relationship between CLU expression and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) / matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP) signalling pathway in human breast cancer cells. METHODS A pcDNA3.1-based RNA interference approach was used to knockdown the CLU gene in MDA-231 cells (MDA-231-CLUi); control MDA-231 cells were transfected with an empty vector (MDA-231-Vec). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess CLU and MMP-9 mRNA levels, and Western blotting was used to analyse CLU, MMP-9 and ERK protein levels. Metastatic potential was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models of invasion and metastasis. RESULTS Compared with MDA-231-Vec cells, the MDA-231-CLUi cells demonstrated reduced migration and invasion in vitro and decreased metastatic potential in vivo. Reintroduction and reexpression of the CLU gene into the MDA-231-CLUi cells restored the invasive phenotype. MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels were reduced in MDA-231-CLUi cells, and there was a correlation between activated ERK and CLU and MMP-9 protein levels. CONCLUSION CLU may regulate the aggressive behaviour of human breast cancer cells through modulation of ERK signalling and MMP9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Centre of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University Medical College, QingDao University, QingDao, China
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Ma X, Bai Y. IGF-1 activates the P13K/AKT signaling pathway via upregulation of secretory clusterin. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1433-7. [PMID: 23027041 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is a type of stress-induced, pro-survival glycoprotein elevated in early-stage cancer. It enhances cancer cell survival and is associated with several types of cancer progression. In this study, we measured the PI3K/AKT signaling activity by determining the phosphorylation level of the AKT protein, namely pAKT. A549 human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells were treated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) for various periods of time. The results showed that IGF-1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the A549 cells in a time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of sCLU protein in A549 cells treated with IGF-1. IGF-1 elevated the expression of sCLU. To determine whether sCLU is required for the IGF-1 activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the A549 cells were treated with IGF-1 and sCLU antisense oligonuleotide (sCLU ASO). sCLU ASO blocked the IGF-1 activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that IGF-1 activates the P13K/AKT signaling pathway via the upregulation of sCLU. The present study implies that this pathway may uncover a new mechanism for cancer progression and reveal new targets for drug development in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Wang C, Jiang K, Kang X, Gao D, Sun C, Li Y, Sun L, Zhang S, Liu X, Wu W, Yang P, Guo K, Liu Y. Tumor-derived secretory clusterin induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:2308-20. [PMID: 23010347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Metastasis is the major concern that causes death in HCC. The goal of this study was to identify tumor-derived proteins in serum during HCC metastasis using an orthotopic xenograft tumor model and explore the role of key protein in HCC metastasis. Serum samples collected from HCCLM3-R metastatic HCC tumor model at specific stages of metastasis (1 wk, 3 wks and 6 wks) were subjected to iTRAQ labeling followed by 2DLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Twenty tumor-derived proteins were identified through human specific peptides. Secretory clusterin (sCLU), which was significantly upregulated during cancer progression and metastasis, was chosen for further study. The expression of sCLU was significantly higher in metastatic HCC cell lines and samples from metastatic HCC patients. ShRNA-mediated down-regulation of sCLU resulted in a reduced migratory capacity in HCC cell lines, as well as a reduction in pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Overexpression of sCLU in HepG2 cell line showed increased cell migratory ability. Further study found that sCLU contributed to HCC migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, and metastasis in vivo. In addition, sCLU also plays an important role in the regulation of TGF-β1-smad3 signaling. These findings suggest that sCLU may promote HCC metastasis via the induction of EMT process and may be a candidate target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chen D, Wang Y, Zhang K, Jiao X, Yan B, Liang J. Antisense oligonucleotide against clusterin regulates human hepatocellular carcinoma invasion through transcriptional regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and E-cadherin. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10594-10607. [PMID: 22949882 PMCID: PMC3431880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted clusterin (sCLU) has been shown to be overexpressed in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue, and its overexpression in HCC cells increases cell migration and the formation of liver metastatic tumor nodules in vivo. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sCLU plays a role in the invasiveness of human HCC and may be associated with its metastatic spread. HCCLM3, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, was transiently transfected with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against sCLU (OGX-011). HepG2 liver hepatocellular cells were transiently transfected with the pc.DNA3.1-sCLU plasmid to overexpress sCLU, and subsequently evaluated for effects on invasion and the expression of molecules involved in invasion. We observed that suppression of the sCLU gene significantly reduced the invasive capability of the highly invasive HCCLM3 cells, and vice versa in the low invasive HepG2 cell line. The results revealed that knockdown of sCLU by OGX-011 resulted in a significant increase in the expression of E-cadherin and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene transcription. Overexpression of sCLU by transfection with pc.DNA3.1-sCLU significantly decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased MMP-2 gene transcription. These data were further verified by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. A significant reduction in MMP-2 expression and an increase in E-cadherin expression in sCLU-knockdown HCCLM3 cells were observed, as well as a significant increase in MMP-2 expression and a decrease in E-cadherin expression in HepG2 cells overexpressing sCLU. These data indicate a role for sCLU in augmenting MMP-2 transcription and decreasing E-cadherin expression. Our data show the involvement of sCLU in human HCC invasion, and demonstrate that silencing sCLU gene expression inhibits the invasion of human HCC cells by inhibiting MMP-2 expression and promoting E-cadherin expression. Thus, OGX-011 could be an effective therapeutic agent for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (D.C.); (K.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; E-Mail:
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (D.C.); (K.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Xuelong Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (D.C.); (K.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Bomin Yan
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of medical college, QingDao University, QingDao 266003, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of medical college, QingDao University, QingDao 266003, China; E-Mail:
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Shiota M, Zardan A, Takeuchi A, Kumano M, Beraldi E, Naito S, Zoubeidi A, Gleave ME. Clusterin mediates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis via Twist1 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5261-72. [PMID: 22896337 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induces clusterin (CLU) expression, linking these genes to cancer metastasis. CLU is a pleiotropic molecular chaperone that confers survival and proliferative advantage to cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β regulates CLU expression and CLU affects metastasis remain unknown. In this study, we report that the transcription factor Twist1 mediates TGF-β-induced CLU expression. By binding to E-boxes in the distal promoter region of CLU gene, Twist1 regulated basal and TGF-β-induced CLU transcription. In addition, CLU reduction reduced TGF-β induction of the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and fibronectin, thereby inhibiting the migratory and invasive properties induced by TGF-β. Targeted inhibition of CLU also suppressed metastasis in an in vivo model. Taken together, our findings indicate that CLU is an important mediator of TGF-β-induced EMT, and suggest that CLU suppression may represent a promising therapeutic option for suppressing prostate cancer metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jin J, Kim JM, Hur YS, Cho WP, Lee KY, Ahn SI, Hong KC, Park IS. Clinical significance of clusterin expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:146. [PMID: 22799602 PMCID: PMC3436747 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin is known to be expressed in many human neoplasms, and is believed to participate in the regeneration, migration, and anti-apoptosis of tumor cells. However, few reports have addressed the relationship between the manifestation of clusterin and clinicopathologic parameters in pancreas cancer patients. In the present study, the authors investigated the expression of clusterin and its clinical significance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed for clusterin in tumor tissues obtained from patients who received pancreatic resection with radical intent, and the associations of clusterin expression with various clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed in addition to the relation between its expression and survival. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for clusterin was observed in 17 of the 52 (33%) pancreatic adenocarcinomas examined. In addition, clusterin positivity was found to be associated with preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, perineural invasion, and, most strongly, lymph node metastasis. The survival analysis identified tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis as the only significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Although not an independent prognostic factor, clusterin immunoreactivity can be used in conjunction with lymph node metastasis to predict survival in cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshuo Jin
- Department of Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3-Ga Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
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Shim YJ, Kang BH, Choi BK, Park IS, Min BH. Clusterin induces the secretion of TNF-α and the chemotactic migration of macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:200-5. [PMID: 22575505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages are known to be closely linked with tumor progression and metastasis. On the other hand, clusterin is overexpressed in several tumor types and regarded as a putative tumor-promoting factor due to this overexpression and the subsequent induction of chemoresistance. In our previous study, clusterin was found to induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in macrophages, and MMP-9 is known to be essential for tumor cell migration and invasion via basement membrane breakdown. Because paracrine interactions between tumor cells and surrounding macrophages regulate metastasis, these findings raise the possibility that clusterin promotes the secretion of cytokines in macrophages in addition to MMP-9. Here, we demonstrate that clusterin upregulates the expressions of chemotactic cytokines, that is, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Raw264.7 macrophages. In particular, clusterin stimulated TNF-α secretion via the activations of ERK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt pathways in a time and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, clusterin-induced TNF-α secretion was found to play a critical role in the chemotactic migration of Raw264.7 macrophages. It was also found that clusterin acts directly as a chemoattractant for macrophages. Together, these results suggest that clusterin stimulates the expression and secretion of TNF-α, which plays a critical role in promoting macrophage chemotaxis, via ERK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Collectively, these findings describe a novel function for clusterin as an inducer of TNF-α in macrophages and their chemotactic migration, and suggest that clusterin has a tumor-promoting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Analysis of dynamic changes in the proteome of a Bcl-XL overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary cell culture during exponential and stationary phases. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:814-23. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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