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Xu Y, Crowe KB, Lieske PL, Barnes M, Bandara K, Chu J, Wei W, Scarcelli JJ, Zhang L. A high-fidelity, dual site-specific integration system in CHO cells by a Bxb1 recombinase. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300410. [PMID: 38375559 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Site-specific integration (SSI) via recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) has shown advantages over random integration methods for expression of biotherapeutics. As an extension of our previous work developing SSI host cells, we developed a dual-site SSI system having two independent integration sites at different genomic loci, each containing a unique landing pad (LP). This system was leveraged to generate and compare two RMCE hosts, one (dFRT) compatible with the Flp recombinase, the other (dBxb1) compatible with the Bxb1 recombinase. Our comparison demonstrated that the dBxb1 host was able to generate stable transfectant pools in a shorter time frame, and cells within the dBxb1 transfectant pools were more phenotypically and genotypically stable. We further improved process performance of the dBxb1 host, resulting in desired fed batch performance attributes. Clones derived from this improved host (referred as 41L-11) maintained stable expression profiles over extended generations. While the data represents a significant improvement in the efficiency of our cell line development process, the dual LP architecture also affords a high degree of flexibility for development of complex protein modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerstin B Crowe
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulena L Lieske
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Barnes
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kalpanie Bandara
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianlin Chu
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
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Costa E, Mateus C, Carter B, Saron H, Eyton-Chong CK, Mehta F, Lane S, Siner S, Dean J, Barnes M, McNally C, Lambert C, Hollingsworth B, Carrol ED, Sefton G. Using technology to reduce critical deterioration (the DETECT study): a cost analysis of care costs at a tertiary children's hospital in the United Kingdom. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:725. [PMID: 37403061 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic early warning systems have been used in adults for many years to prevent critical deterioration events (CDEs). However, implementation of similar technologies for monitoring children across the entire hospital poses additional challenges. While the concept of such technologies is promising, their cost-effectiveness is not established for use in children. In this study we investigate the potential for direct cost savings arising from the implementation of the DETECT surveillance system. METHODS Data were collected at a tertiary children's hospital in the United Kingdom. We rely on the comparison between patients in the baseline period (March 2018 to February 2019) and patients in the post-intervention period (March 2020 to July 2021). These provided a matched cohort of 19,562 hospital admissions for each group. From these admissions, 324 and 286 CDEs were observed in the baseline and post-intervention period, respectively. Hospital reported costs and Health Related Group (HRG) National Costs were used to estimate overall expenditure associated with CDEs for both groups of patients. RESULTS Comparing post-intervention with baseline data we found a reduction in the total number of critical care days, driven by an overall reduction in the number of CDEs, however without statistical significance. Using hospital reported costs adjusted for the Covid-19 impact, we estimate a non-significant reduction of total expenditure from £16.0 million to £14.3 million (corresponding to £1.7 million of savings - 11%). Additionally, using HRG average costs, we estimated a non-significant reduction of total expenditure from £8.2 million to £ 7.2 million (corresponding to £1.1 million of savings - 13%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Unplanned critical care admissions for children not only impose a substantial burden on patients and families but are also costly for hospitals. Interventions aimed at reducing emergency critical care admissions can be crucial to contribute to the reduction of these episodes' costs. Even though cost reductions were identified in our sample, our results do not support the hypothesis that reducing CDEs using technology leads to a significant reduction on hospital costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN61279068, date of registration 07/06/2019, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Costa
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Carcavelos, Portugal.
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | | | - Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Holly Saron
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | | | - Fulya Mehta
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Sarah Siner
- Clinical Research Division, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason Dean
- Finance Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Barnes
- Finance Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris McNally
- Finance Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Caroline Lambert
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Enitan D Carrol
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerri Sefton
- Intensive Care Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Barnes M, Kasimanickam R, Kasimanickam V. Effect of subclinical endometritis and flunixin meglumine administration on pregnancy in embryo recipient beef cows. Theriogenology 2023; 201:76-82. [PMID: 36842264 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Fertility of recipient beef cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE) that did or did not receive flunixin meglumine (FM) treatment were compared following transfer of d 7 embryo. The study population comprised of 600 Angus cross cows that expressed estrus following Select-Synch + CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release) estrus synchronization protocol. At the time of embryo transfer, approximately 3 wk after sampling for subclinical endometritis, cows were randomly allocated either to receive FM treatment (500 mg of Banamine®; n = 300) or not (Control; n = 300). The effect of subclinical endometritis (at ≥ 1% PMN on endometrial cytology by cytobrush method) and FM treatment on pregnancy/embryo transfer (P/ET, %) were evaluated by mixed model. Of the 600 cows, 323 (53.8%) became pregnant; 55.0% (165/300) cows that received FM treatment vs. 52.7% (158/300) control cows (P > 0.1), and 55.9% (266/476) normal vs. 46.0% (57/124) subclinical endometritis cows (P < 0.05). There was a trend for treatment by subclinical endometritis for P/ET (P = 0.09). Pregnancy was recorded in 55.3% (134/242) of normal and 53.4% (31/58) of subclinical endometritis cows that received FM treatment, and in 56.4% (132/234) of normal and 39.4% (26/66) of subclinical endometritis cows that did not receive FM treatment (P = 0.09). In conclusion, subclinical endometritis in recipient beef cows resulted in lower P/ET. Though not significant in cows with subclinical endometritis, FM treatment resulted in 14.0% points more pregnancy compared with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barnes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - R Kasimanickam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - V Kasimanickam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Orozco G, Barnes M, Froeschle M, den Harder N, Heinemann B, Kolbinger J, Oberpriller A, Nocentini R, Wimmer C, Fantz U. 3D magnetic field measurements and improvements at the negative ion source BATMAN Upgrade. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Yap PL, Farivar F, Jämting ÅK, Coleman VA, Gnaniah S, Mansfield E, Pu C, Landi SM, David MV, Flahaut E, Aizane M, Barnes M, Gallerneault M, Locatelli MD, Jacquinot S, Slough CG, Menzel J, Schmölzer S, Ren L, Pollard AJ, Losic D. International Interlaboratory Comparison of Thermogravimetric Analysis of Graphene-Related Two-Dimensional Materials. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5176-5186. [PMID: 36917706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on graphene-related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GR2Ms) in recent years is strongly moving from academia to industrial sectors with many new developed products and devices on the market. Characterization and quality control of the GR2Ms and their properties are critical for growing industrial translation, which requires the development of appropriate and reliable analytical methods. These challenges are recognized by International Organization for Standardization (ISO 229) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 113) committees to facilitate the development of these methods and standards which are currently in progress. Toward these efforts, the aim of this study was to perform an international interlaboratory comparison (ILC), conducted under Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) Technical Working Area (TWA) 41 "Graphene and Related 2D Materials" to evaluate the performance (reproducibility and confidence) of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method as a potential new method for chemical characterization of GR2Ms. Three different types of representative and industrially manufactured GR2Ms samples, namely, pristine few-layer graphene (FLG), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), were used and supplied to ILC participants to complete the study. The TGA method performance was evaluated by a series of measurements of selected parameters of the chemical and physical properties of these GR2Ms including the number of mass loss steps, thermal stability, temperature of maximum mass change rate (Tp) for each decomposition step, and the mass contents (%) of moisture, oxygen groups, carbon, and impurities (organic and non-combustible residue). TGA measurements determining these parameters were performed using the provided optimized TGA protocol on the same GR2Ms by 12 participants across academia, industry stakeholders, and national metrology institutes. This paper presents these results with corresponding statistical analysis showing low standard deviation and statistical conformity across all participants that confirm that the TGA method can be satisfactorily used for characterization of these parameters and the chemical characterization and quality control of GR2Ms. The common measurement uncertainty for each parameter, key contribution factors were identified with explanations and recommendations for their elimination and improvements toward their implementation for the development of the ISO/IEC standard for chemical characterization of GR2Ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lay Yap
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,ARC Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Farzaneh Farivar
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,ARC Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Åsa K Jämting
- National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA), Lindfield, Sydney, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Victoria A Coleman
- National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA), Lindfield, Sydney, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Sam Gnaniah
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Mansfield
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Cheng Pu
- National Institute of Metrology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sandra Marcela Landi
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Sao Paolo, RJ CEP: 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius David
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Sao Paolo, RJ CEP: 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, CNRS-INP-UPS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse cedex 9 F-31062, France
| | - Mohammed Aizane
- CIRIMAT, CNRS-INP-UPS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse cedex 9 F-31062, France
| | - Michael Barnes
- National Research Council of Canada (NRC-CNRC), Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Mary Gallerneault
- National Research Council of Canada (NRC-CNRC), Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingling Ren
- National Institute of Metrology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,ARC Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Barnes M, Sulé-Suso J, Millett J, Roach P. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a non-destructive method for analysing herbarium specimens. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220546. [PMID: 36946131 PMCID: PMC10031417 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried plant specimens stored in herbaria are an untapped treasure chest of information on environmental conditions, plant evolution and change over many hundreds of years. Owing to their delicate nature and irreplaceability, there is limited access for analysis to these sensitive samples, particularly where chemical data are obtained using destructive techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a chemical analysis technique which can be applied non-destructively to understand chemical bonding information and, therefore, functional groups within the sample. This provides the potential for understanding geographical, spatial and species-specific variation in plant biochemistry. Here, we demonstrate the use of mid-FTIR microspectroscopy for the chemical analysis of Drosera rotundifolia herbarium specimens, which were collected 100 years apart from different locations. Principal component and hierarchical clustering analysis enabled differentiation between three main regions on the plant (lamina, tentacle stalk and tentacle head), and between the different specimens. Lipids and protein spectral regions were particularly sensitive differentiators of plant tissues. Differences between the different sets of specimens were smaller. This study demonstrates that relevant information can be extracted from herbarium specimens using FTIR, with little impact on the specimens. FTIR, therefore, has the potential to be a powerful tool to unlock historic information within herbaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - J Sulé-Suso
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Keele, UK
- Cancer Centre, University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - J Millett
- Department of Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - P Roach
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Sharma R, Barnes M, Bista A, Gordon A. Putting technology between people and tigers. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sharma
- Global Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies Kathmandu Nepal
- Interdisciplinary Conservation Science Research Group, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - M. Barnes
- Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | | | - A. Gordon
- Interdisciplinary Conservation Science Research Group, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University Melbourne VIC Australia
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Lewis R, Walsh J, Maddison K, McArdle N, Barnes M, Campbell M, Mansfield D, Sigston E, Wheatley J, O'Sullivan R, Kitipornchai L, MacKay S. Bilateral Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Improves Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Participants With and Without Complete Concentric Collapse (BETTER SLEEP). Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen FY, Barnes M, Lewis EC. Letter to the editor on “Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003–2017, parts 1–3”. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:172. [PMID: 35850921 PMCID: PMC9295352 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe would like to thank authors Reece and Hulse (2022) for their three-part article titled “Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017”, in which the authors infer that cannabis use has a causal role in the development of various cancer types. While the authors use reputable datasets and a well-established epidemiological methodology, the authors’ conclusion of a causal association is limited due to biases inherent in ecological epidemiological studies. Though the researchers attempt to overcome these biases through validation and statistical manipulations, their approaches are insufficient to create conditions suitable for causal inferencing upon examination. There are also concerns in the practical and conceptual application of the studies’ dataset that further question the validity of the authors’ inferences. Further research exploring the potential benefits and harm of cannabinoids in the context of cancer must be performed before a distinct relationship can be defined.
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Boot J, Rosser G, Kancheva D, Vinel C, Lim YM, Pomella N, Zhang X, Guglielmi L, Sheer D, Barnes M, Brandner S, Nelander S, Movahedi K, Marino S. Global hypo-methylation in a proportion of glioblastoma enriched for an astrocytic signature is associated with increased invasion and altered immune landscape. eLife 2022; 11:e77335. [PMID: 36412091 PMCID: PMC9681209 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a subset of glioblastoma, the most prevalent malignant adult brain tumour, harbouring a bias towards hypomethylation at defined differentially methylated regions. This epigenetic signature correlates with an enrichment for an astrocytic gene signature, which together with the identification of enriched predicted binding sites of transcription factors known to cause demethylation and to be involved in astrocytic/glial lineage specification, point to a shared ontogeny between these glioblastomas and astroglial progenitors. At functional level, increased invasiveness, at least in part mediated by SRPX2, and macrophage infiltration characterise this subset of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boot
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dailya Kancheva
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Claire Vinel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Denise Sheer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
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Alum A, Zhao Z, Ersan MS, Mewes T, Barnes M, Westerhoff P, Abbaszadegan M. Implication of cell culture methods and biases on UV inactivation of viruses. J Virol Methods 2022; 309:114610. [PMID: 36064127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of human respiratory viruses in air and on surfaces is important to control their spread. Exposure to germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light damages viral nucleic acid rendering them non-infectious. Most of the recent viral inactivation studies have not considered potential artifacts caused by interactions between UV-C light and culture media used to suspend and deposit virus on surfaces. We show that the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) form when commonly used virus culture media is exposed to 265 nm irradiation from light emitting diodes (LEDs) at UV-C doses (4 or 40 mJ/cm2) commonly considered to achieve multiple log-inactivation of virus. Surface viral inactivation values were enhanced from 0.49 to 2.92 log10 of viruses in DMEM, EMEM or EMEM-F as compared to absence of culture media (only suspended in Tris-buffer). The mechanisms responsible for the enhanced surface inactivate is hypothesized to involve photo-activation of vitamins and dyes present in the culture media, deposited with the virus on surfaces to be disinfected, which produce ROS and RNS. Given the rapidly growing research and commercial markets for UV-C disinfecting devices, there is a need to establish surface disinfecting protocols that avoid viral inactivation enhancement artifacts associated with selection and use of common cell culture media in the presence of UV-C light. This study addresses this weak link in the literature and highlights that inadequate selection of virus suspension media may cause a bias (i.e., over-estimation) for the UV-C dosages required for virus inactivation on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absar Alum
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Mahmut S Ersan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Morteza Abbaszadegan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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Lawson-Tovey S, Smith S, Geifman N, Shoop-Worrall S, Ng S, Barnes M, Wedderburn L, Hyrich K. OA31 Successes and challenges in harmonising 4 national Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis cohorts: an example from CLUSTER consortium. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2022. [PMCID: PMC9515876 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkac066.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Background The CLUSTER consortium aims to identify biomarkers and strata that improve personalised treatments for JIA/JIA-uveitis. By bringing together knowledge and data, CLUSTER can conduct novel analyses in this rare, heterogeneous disease. Data harmonisation across existing JIA cohorts facilitates new, larger datasets that would otherwise take years to collect; however, challenges exist as datasets are often collected autonomously. Here we present progress towards a large-scale, unique JIA data resource, bringing together treatment data from 4 real-world JIA treatment studies. Description/Method Four studies (CAPS, CHARMS, BCRD and BSPAR-ETN; the latter two being part of the UK JIA Biologics register) contributed data into CLUSTER. We created two clinical datasets of JIA patients starting first-line methotrexate (MTX) or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Variables were selected based on a previously developed core dataset, accounting for different levels of granularity across studies. The same inclusion and exclusion criteria were agreed for both datasets, designed to allow for combined analysis of these. OpenPseudonymiser software encrypted NHS numbers - these were matched cross-study to identify duplicates and checked against known duplicate lists. Errors in NHS numbers and existing duplicate matches were identified and corrected. Each NHS number was assigned a CLUSTER ID, meaning 1 child has the same ID across all relevant studies such that children contributing similar data across multiple studies could be identified. Discussion/Results A total of 7013 records (from 5435 individuals) were identified; of which 2882 (41%, corresponding to 1304 individuals) represented the same child across >1 study. 197 individuals had duplicate records within 1 study, 961 in 2 studies, 142 in 3, and 4 children had duplicate records in all 4 studies. After removing 350 MTX and 605 TNFi duplicate entries, the final datasets contain 2899 and 2401 unique MTX and TNFi patients respectively; 1018 are in both datasets having received both treatments. Missingness across core outcome variables ranged from 10% (active joint count MTX timepoint 2) to 60% (physician VAS TNFi timepoint 2) and was not improved through combining datasets with duplicate entries. Specificity in some variables was lost to allow integration by combining data using least common denominators (e.g. ethnicity captured as Caucasian/Non-Caucasian, despite more specific categories available in some studies). Key learning points/Conclusion Combining data across studies has achieved dataset sizes rarely seen in JIA, which is invaluable to progressing research into personalised treatments and disease outcomes. However, losing specificity in some variables and missingness (a known challenge in observational data) and their impact on future analyses requires further consideration. Ongoing work includes identifying patients with both clinical and biological data that can be combined for more in-depth analyses. Both datasets are available for researchers to use via the CLUSTER Consortium Data Management Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Lawson-Tovey
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Smith
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nophar Geifman
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Surrey , Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Shoop-Worrall
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health Informatics, The University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Ng
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, University College London Hospitals and Great Ormond Street Hospital , London, United Kingdom
- Infection, Inflammation, and Rheumatology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimme Hyrich
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester, United Kingdom
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Ladduwahetty T, Lee MR, Maillard MC, Cachope R, Todd D, Barnes M, Beaumont V, Chauhan A, Gallati C, Haughan AF, Kempf G, Luckhurst CA, Matthews K, McAllister G, Mitchell P, Patel H, Rose M, Saville-Stones E, Steinbacher S, Stott AJ, Thatcher E, Tierney J, Urbonas L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Identification of a Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant Rho Kinase Inhibitor and its Activity in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9819-9845. [PMID: 35816678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of several conditions, including neurological diseases. In Huntington's disease (HD), ROCK is implicated in mutant huntingtin (HTT) aggregation and neurotoxicity, and members of the ROCK pathway are increased in HD mouse models and patients. To validate this mode of action as a potential treatment for HD, we sought a potent, selective, central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant ROCK inhibitor. Identifying a compound that could be dosed orally in mice with selectivity against other AGC kinases, including protein kinase G (PKG), whose inhibition could potentially activate the ROCK pathway, was paramount for the program. We describe the optimization of published ligands to identify a novel series of ROCK inhibitors based on a piperazine core. Morphing of the early series developed in-house by scaffold hopping enabled the identification of a compound exhibiting high potency and desired selectivity and demonstrating a robust pharmacodynamic (PD) effect by the inhibition of ROCK-mediated substrate (MYPT1) phosphorylation after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Ladduwahetty
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Matthew R Lee
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Michel C Maillard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Roger Cachope
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Daniel Todd
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Michael Barnes
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Vahri Beaumont
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Alka Chauhan
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Caroline Gallati
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan F Haughan
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Georg Kempf
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Kim Matthews
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - George McAllister
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Philip Mitchell
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Hiral Patel
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Mark Rose
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | | | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew J Stott
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Emma Thatcher
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Jason Tierney
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Liudvikas Urbonas
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Ignacio Munoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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Zocco A, Podavini L, Garcìa-Regaña JM, Barnes M, Parra FI, Mishchenko A, Helander P. Gyrokinetic electrostatic turbulence close to marginality in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:L013202. [PMID: 35974606 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.l013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transition from strong (fluidlike) to nearly marginal (Floquet-type) regimes of ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) driven turbulence is studied in the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X by means of numerical simulations. Close to marginality, extended (along magnetic field lines) linearly unstable modes are dominant, even in the presence of kinetic electrons, and provide a drive that results in finite turbulent transport. A total suppression of turbulence above the linear stability threshold of the ITG modes, commonly present in tokamaks and known as the "Dimits shift," is not observed. We show that this is mostly due to the peculiar radial structure of marginal turbulence, which is more localized than in the fluid case and therefore less likely to be stabilized by shearing flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zocco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Wendelsteinstraße 1, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Linda Podavini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Wendelsteinstraße 1, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Università Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica Giuseppe Occhialini, Piazza della Scienza, 3 20126 Milano, Italy
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Michael Barnes
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - Felix I Parra
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - A Mishchenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Wendelsteinstraße 1, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Per Helander
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Wendelsteinstraße 1, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
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Barnes M, Pomare D, Doebrich M, Standen TS, Wolf J, Greer P, Simpson J. Insensitivity of machine log files to MLC leaf backlash and effect of MLC backlash on clinical dynamic MLC motion: An experimental investigation. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13660. [PMID: 35678793 PMCID: PMC9512360 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Multi‐leaf‐collimator (MLC) leaf position accuracy is important for accurate dynamic radiotherapy treatment plan delivery. Machine log files have become widely utilized for quality assurance (QA) of such dynamic treatments. The primary aim is to test the sensitivity of machine log files in comparison to electronic portal imaging device (EPID)‐based measurements to MLC position errors caused by leaf backlash. The secondary aim is to investigate the effect of MLC leaf backlash on MLC leaf motion during clinical dynamic plan delivery. Methods The sensitivity of machine log files and two EPID‐based measurements were assessed via a controlled experiment, whereby the length of the “T” section of a series of 12 MLC leaf T‐nuts in a Varian Millennium MLC for a Trilogy C‐series type linac was reduced by sandpapering the top of the “T” to introduce backlash. The built‐in machine MLC leaf backlash test as well as measurements for two EPID‐based dynamic MLC positional tests along with log files were recorded pre‐ and post‐T‐nut modification. All methods were investigated for sensitivity to the T‐nut change by assessing the effect on measured MLC leaf positions. A reduced version of the experiment was repeated on a TrueBeam type linac with Millennium MLC. Results No significant differences before and after T‐nut modification were detected in any of the log file data. Both EPID methods demonstrated sensitivity to the introduced change at approximately the expected magnitude with a strong dependence observed with gantry angle. EPID‐based data showed MLC positional error in agreement with the micrometer measured T‐nut length change to 0.07 ± 0.05 mm (1 SD) using the departmental routine QA test. Backlash results were consistent between linac types. Conclusion Machine log files appear insensitive to MLC position errors caused by MLC leaf backlash introduced via the T‐nut. The effect of backlash on clinical MLC motions is heavily gantry angle dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barnes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dennis Pomare
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marcus Doebrich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Therese S Standen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Icon Cancer Centre Maitland, Maitland Private Hospital, Maitland, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Greer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Simpson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Rivellese F, Cubuk C, Surace A, Goldmann K, Sciacca E, Giorli G, Nerviani A, Fossati-Jimack L, Thorborn G, Bombardieri M, Barnes M, Lewis M, Pitzalis C. OP0085 CELL LINEAGE-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPT DECONVOLUTION OF SYNOVIAL BIOPSIES FROM THE R4RA TRIAL IDENTIFIES CELL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPONSE TO RITUXIMAB AND TOCILIZUMAB. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe R4RA trial, the first biopsy-based randomised trial in TNF-i inadequate responder patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, showed that molecular stratification of RA synovial tissue was associated with clinical response, demonstrating that, in patients with low/absent B-cell lineage signature in synovial-tissue, tocilizumab is superior to rituximab1.ObjectivesHere, we aimed to perform cell-transcript deconvolution of pre-and post-treatment synovial biopsies from the R4RA trial.MethodsA total of 164 patients underwent pre-treatment synovial biopsy (US-guided or arthroscopic) prior to randomization 1:1 to rituximab (83) or tocilizumab (81). 65 patients had a repeat biopsy at 16 weeks when clinical response was assessed using Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) 50% improvement. RNA extracted from a minimum of 6 synovial samples/patient underwent RNA-sequencing and the abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations was estimated using the Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter (MCP-counter) method (Figure 1a).ResultsAt baseline, while synovial semiquantitative immunohistochemistry scores did not differ between CDAI50% responders and non-responders, both for rituximab and tocilizumab, MCP-counter analysis showed significantly higher CD8 T-cells in responders to rituximab and higher macrophage-monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) in responders to tocilizumab (Figure 1b). Moreover, when patients were classified according to MCP-counter scores, B-cell poor patients (MCP-counter B cell score <median value) showed significantly higher response rates to tocilizumab, while no difference was found in B-cell rich patients (Figure 1c). In contrast, macrophage and myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) rich individuals showed higher responses to tocilizumab (Figure 1d). Combined scores for lymphoid and myeloid cells demonstrated that patients poor in B-cells but rich in macrophages/mDC had a significantly higher response to tocilizumab (77% responders to tocilizumab vs 14% responders to rituximab, p=0.017, OR 16.48, 95%CI 1.29-1000.5) (Figure 1e). By analysing disease activity over time from baseline to week 16, we found a statistically significant interaction effect between treatments and time in B-cell poor (p=0.003), T-cell poor (p=0.022), mDC rich (p=0.029) and B-cell poor/Macrophages-mDC rich patients (p=0.006) (Figure 1f-g-h). Finally, by applying MCP-counter on matched pre-and post-treatment biopsies, rituximab-treated patients showed a significant reduction of B-cells, T-cells and monocyte/macrophages, while tocilizumab-treated patients showed a significant reduction of monocyte/macrophages, T-cells, but also neutrophils, myeloid dendritic cells and, interestingly, an increase in fibroblast signature (Figure 1i).ConclusionIn silico deconvolution of the synovial tissue identify pre-treatment lymphoid cell lineages associated with response to rituximab and myeloid cells for tocilizumab. The longitudinal analysis of matched pre- and post-treatment synovial biopsies indicated that both medications have an effect on synovial immune cells, but tocilizumab can also affect stromal cells.References[1]Humby et al. Rituximab versus tocilizumab in anti-TNF inadequate responder patients with rheumatoid arthritis (R4RA): 16-week outcomes of a stratified, biopsy-driven, multicentre, open-label, phase 4 randomised controlled trial Lancet. 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):305-317. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32341-2.AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank all patients and the R4RA recruiting centres and principal investigators http://www.r4ra-nihr.whri.qmul.ac.uk/recruiting_centres.php We would also like to acknowledge the UK National Institute of Health Research for funding the R4RA trial (grant reference: 11/100/76) and Versus Arthritis for providing infrastructure support through the Experimental Arthritis Treatment Centre (grant number: 20022).Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Goldmann K, Vigorito E, Wallace C, Barnes M, Barton A, Pitzalis C, Lewis M. OP0109 EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN EARLY TREATMENT-NAÏVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundTo date more than 100 genetic loci have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Our understanding of the functional consequences of genetic variation in RA causality, however, is limited and it has been shown that a substantial portion of complex disease risk alleles modify gene expression in a cell-specific manner [1]. The Pathobiology of Early Arthritis Cohort (PEAC) is a longitudinal study looking at treatment-naiv̈e RA patients with genotyped data as well as both synovial and blood RNA-sequenced biopsies prior to treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).ObjectivesTo explore expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in synovium and blood within PEAC and characterise the effects of genetic variation on gene expression measured by RNA-sequencing. A further goal was to investigate the role of these variants in RA disease severity and response variables.MethodsGenotypes were generated by Illumina Human CoreExome-24 version 1-0 array in 118 RA patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA region were imputed using HLA-TAPAS. A candidate gene study was performed on variants within the HLA region using Plink v2.0. Synovial (n=85) and blood (n=51) RNA-sequenced samples then underwent cis-eQTL analysis (loci within ±5x105Mb of the variant) based on linear regression models with the matrixeQTL R package using PEER [2] and PCA eigenvectors as covariates. Differences in eQTL between tissues were determined using a linear interaction term.ResultsThe candidate gene study determined several amino acids around HLA-DRB1 acting as markers for seropositivity, which replicated findings by Raychaudhuri et. al. [3]. Using eQTL analysis, around 33,000 synovial SNPs were found with genome-wide significance (p ≤ 5x10-8) and around 29,000 in blood. This corresponded to 279 unique significant genes in synovium and 417 in blood (Figure 1). There were 100 genes common to both synovium and blood, including PSORS1C3, HLA-DRB9 and ERAP2, which have known associations with autoimmune diseases and inflammatory arthritis. Notably, 92 genes showed significantly different patterns of QTL expression between synovial tissue and blood (p ≤ 5x10-8). eQTL data also confirmed the triad of genetic variants significantly driving tissue gene expression of HLA-DPB2, while both HLA-DPB2 SNPs and HLA-DPB2 RNA-sequencing synovial expression correlated highly with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).Figure 1.Manhattan plots for cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis performed on 85 synovial samples (top) and 51 blood samples (middle). Tissue interaction eQTL (bottom) show significant differences between tissues (p ≤ 5x10-8).ConclusionThe high significance of genes in the HLA region in both tissues is in-keeping with the strong association between HLA and susceptibility to RA, as well as other autoimmune diseases. Most notably variants linked to HLA-DPB2 synovial expression were found to be a marker for disease severity through ESR association. Additionally, the significant differences between eQTL in blood and synovium highlight the need to explore functional consequences of genetic associations in the diseased tissue directly.References[1]Thalayasingam et. al. (2018). CD4+ and B lymphocyte expression quantitative traits at rheumatoid arthritis risk loci in patients with untreated early arthritis: implications for causal gene identification. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 70(3), 361-370.[2]Stegle et al. (2012). Using probabilistic estimation of expression residuals (PEER) to obtain increased power and interpretability of gene expression analyses. Nature protocols, 7(3), 500-507.[3]Raychaudhuri et al. (2012). Five amino acids in three HLA proteins explain most of the association between MHC and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Nature genetics, 44(3), 291-296.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Cooles F, Tarn J, Lendrem D, Naamane N, Lin A, Millar B, Maney N, Thalayasingam N, Bondet V, Duffy D, Barnes M, Smith G, Ng S, Watson D, Henkin R, Cope A, Reynard L, Pratt A, Consortium RM, Isaacs J. OP0012 INTERFERON-α MEDIATED THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE IN EARLY RA IMPLICATES EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAn interferon gene signature (IGS) is present in approximately 50% of early, treatment naive rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) patients. We previously demonstrated it negatively impacts on initial disease outcomes.ObjectivesTo 1) reproduce previous findings demonstrating the harmful effects of the IGS on early RA clinical outcomes, 2) identify which IFN class is responsible for the IGS and 3) seek evidence that IFN-α exposure contributes to harmful epigenetic footprint at disease onset.MethodsIn a large multicentre inception cohort (n=190) of eRA patients (RA-MAP TACERA) whole blood transcriptome, IGS (MxA, IFI44L, OAS1, ISG15, IFI6) and circulating interferons (IFN)-α, -β, -γ and -λ was examined at baseline and 6 months in conjunction with disease activity and clinical characteristics. A separate eRA cohort of paired methylome and transcriptome from CD4 T and CD19 B cells (n=41 for each) was used to explore any epigenetic influence of the IGS.ResultsThe baseline IGS reproducibly and significantly negatively impacts on 6-month clinical outcomes. In the high IGS cohort there was increased DAS-28 (p=0.025) and reduced probability of achieving a good EULAR response (p=0.034) at 6-months. In addition, the IGS in eRA is shown for the first time to predominantly reflect raised circulating IFN-α protein, not other classes of IFN and examination of whole blood upstream nucleic acid sensors expression suggest a RNA trigger. Both the IGS and IFN-α significantly fell in parallel at 6 months (p<0.0001), whereas other classes of IFN remained statistically static. There was a significant association with IFN-α and RF titre but not ACPA. Comparison of CD4 T and CD19 B cells between IGS high and low eRA patients demonstrated differentially methylated CPG sites and altered transcript expression of disease relevant genes e.g. PARP9, STAT1, EPTSI1 which was similarly, and persistently, altered 6 months in the separate TACERA cohort. Differentially methylated CPGs implicated altered transcription factor binding in B cells (GATA3, ETSI, NFATC2, EZH2) and T cells (p300, HIF1α) which cumulatively suggested IFN-α induced epigenetic changes promoting increased, and sustained, lymphocyte activation, proliferation and loss of anergy in the IGS high cohort.ConclusionWe validate that the IGS is a robust prognostic biomarker in eRA predicting poor therapeutic response. Its persistent harmful effects may be driven via epigenetic modifications. These data have relevance for other IFN-α states, such as COVID-19, but also provide a rationale for the initial therapeutic targeting of IFN-α signalling, such as with JAKi, at disease onset in stratified eRA subsets.ReferencesnilAcknowledgementsJDI is a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. The authors acknowledge the support of TACERA Principal Investigators from all contributing NHS sites and the members of the TACERA Study Steering and Data Monitoring Committee. Additional acknowledgements include patient volunteers and administrative support from Ben Hargreaves. Newcastle researchers received infrastructural support via the Versus Arthritis Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre (Ref 22072), funding from The Medical Research Council; Academy of Medical Sciences; British Society of Rheumatology; The Wellcome Trust; JGW Patterson Foundation; Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease Biobank in the UK (IMID-Bio-UK), ANR and RTCure. This work was supported by the NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle Hospitals Foundation Trust and Newcastle University; views expressed are the authors’ and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the National Institute of Health Research or the Department of Health.Disclosure of InterestsFaye Cooles Speakers bureau: Astrazeneca: December 2021, Jessica Tarn: None declared, Dennis Lendrem: None declared, Najib Naamane: None declared, Alice Lin: None declared, Ben Millar: None declared, Nicola Maney: None declared, Nishanthi Thalayasingam: None declared, Vincent Bondet: None declared, Darragh Duffy: None declared, Michael Barnes: None declared, Graham Smith: None declared, Sandra Ng: None declared, David Watson: None declared, Rafael Henkin: None declared, Andrew Cope: None declared, Louise Reynard: None declared, Arthur Pratt: None declared, RA-MAP Consortium: None declared, John Isaacs Speakers bureau: speaker/consulting fees from AbbVie, Gilead, Roche and UCB., Grant/research support from: JDI discloses research grants from Pfizer, Janssen and GSK.
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Mentzel F, Nackenhorst O, Weingarten J, Kröninger K, Rosenfeld A, Barnes M, Paino J, Tsoi A, Saraswati A, Hagenbuchner M, Guatelli S. PO-1558 Fast dose predictions with generative adversarial networks for treatment planning of novel therapies. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lawson-Tovey S, Wedderburn LR, Geifman N, Barnes M, Hyrich KL. OA19 Successes and challenges in harmonising four national juvenile idiopathic arthritis cohorts: an example from CLUSTER consortium. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac132.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aims
The CLUSTER consortium aims to identify biomarkers and strata that improve personalised treatments for JIA/JIA-uveitis. By bringing together knowledge and data, CLUSTER can conduct novel analyses in this rare, heterogeneous disease. Data harmonisation across existing JIA cohorts facilitates new, larger datasets that would otherwise take years to collect; however, challenges exist as datasets are often collected autonomously. Here we present progress towards a large-scale, unique JIA data resource, bringing together treatment data from four real-world JIA treatment studies.
Methods
Four studies (CAPS, CHARMS, BCRD and BSPAR-ETN; the latter two being part of the UK JIA Biologics register) contributed data into CLUSTER.
We created two clinical datasets of JIA patients starting first-line methotrexate (MTX) or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Variables were selected based on a previously developed core dataset, accounting for different levels of granularity across studies. The same inclusion and exclusion criteria were agreed for both datasets, designed to allow for combined analysis of these.
OpenPseudonymiser software encrypted NHS numbers - these were matched cross-study to identify duplicates and checked against known duplicate lists. Errors in NHS numbers and existing duplicate matches were identified and corrected. Each NHS number was assigned a CLUSTER ID, meaning one child has the same ID across all relevant studies such that children contributing similar data across multiple studies could be identified.
Results
A total of 7013 records (from 5435 individuals) were identified, of which 2882 (41%, corresponding to 1304 individuals) represented the same child across >1 study. 197 individuals had duplicate records within one study, 961 in two studies, 142 in three, and four children had duplicate records in all four studies.
After removing 350 MTX and 605 TNFi duplicate entries, the final datasets contain 2899 and 2401 unique MTX and TNFi patients respectively; 1018 are in both datasets having received both treatments. Missingness across core outcome variables ranged from 10% (active joint count MTX timepoint 2) to 60% (physician VAS TNFi timepoint 2) and was not improved through combining datasets with duplicate entries. Specificity in some variables was lost to allow integration by combining data using least common denominators (e.g. ethnicity captured as Caucasian/Non-Caucasian, despite more specific categories available in some studies).
Conclusion
Combining data across studies has achieved dataset sizes rarely seen in JIA, which is invaluable to progressing research into personalised treatments and disease outcomes. However, losing specificity in some variables and missingness (a known challenge in observational data) and their impact on future analyses requires further consideration. Ongoing work includes identifying patients with both clinical and biological data that can be combined for more in-depth analyses. Both datasets are available for researchers to use via the CLUSTER Consortium Data Management Committee.
Disclosure
S. Lawson-Tovey: None. L.R. Wedderburn: Consultancies; L.W. reports consulting fees from Pfizer unrelated to this work. Grants/research support; CLUSTER consortium receives support from AbbVie, UCB, Pfizer, Sobi and GSK. N. Geifman: None. M. Barnes: None. K.L. Hyrich: Grants/research support; KLH reports grant income from BMS, UCB, and Pfizer. Other; KLH reports non-personal speaker's fees from Abbvie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Lawson-Tovey
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London Hospitals and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UNITED KINGDOM
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Nophar Geifman
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Surrey, Guildford, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Michael Barnes
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
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21
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Tarn J, Lendrem D, Barnes M, Casement J, Ng WF. Comorbidities in the UK Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Registry. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864448. [PMID: 35603172 PMCID: PMC9116135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (PSS) is a chronic disease characterised by symptoms of oral and ocular dryness, pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression. PSS patients can be subclassified by the pattern of severity of these five key symptoms using the Newcastle Sjögren’s Stratification Tool (NSST). Although PSS is often associated with one or more comorbidities, the relationship between comorbidities, polypharmacy, and PSS symptom burden is unclear. Using data from the UK Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Registry (UKPSSR) we describe the landscape of polypharmacy and comorbidities in PSS. Methods The UKPSSR is research biobank of clinically well-defined PSS patients where clinical, demographic, comorbidities and concomitant medications data are recorded. Patients were subclassified into the four NSST subgroups: Low Symptom Burden (LSB), High Symptom Burden (HSB), Dryness Dominated Fatigue (DDF) and Pain Dominated Fatigue (PDF). Group analyses of comorbid conditions and polypharmacy scores were performed. Comorbidity and Polypharmacy Scores (CPS) were modelled as a function of age, sex, symptom duration, body mass index (BMI), current immunosuppressant and hydroxychloroquine prescriptions and NSST subgroup. Results There were marked differences in the number and the nature of comorbidities associated with the NSST subgroups. LSB and DDF patients were characterized by fewer comorbidities and medications. In contrast, HSB and PDF patients were associated with more comorbidities and were more likely to be prescribed multiple medications. Group analysis shows that HSB patients are more closely associated with peripheral vascular disease and infection whereas the PDF patients were associated with cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Comorbidity and polypharmacy scores increase with age and BMI regardless of symptom subgroup and symptom duration. In addition, the longer the reported symptom duration the higher the associated comorbidities and polypharmacy scores. Conclusion Comorbid conditions are more prevalent in some subgroups of the PSS cohort but increase with age and BMI across the entire cohort. It is unclear from these data whether specific comorbid conditions are a consequence of PSS or represent shared aetiology or pathogenetic susceptibility. Regardless, these findings may have implications for disease management and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tarn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Lendrem
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
| | - John Casement
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre & National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Wan-Fai Ng,
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22
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Ke SY, Neeley-Tass ES, Barnes M, Hanson CL, Giraud-Carrier C, Snell Q. COVID-19 Health Beliefs Regarding Mask-Wearing and Vaccinations on Twitter: A Deep Learning Approach (Preprint). JMIR Infodemiology 2022; 2:e37861. [PMID: 36348979 PMCID: PMC9631942 DOI: 10.2196/37861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, a worldwide infodemic also emerged with large amounts of COVID-19–related information and misinformation spreading through social media channels. Various organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other prominent individuals issued high-profile advice on preventing the further spread of COVID-19. Objective The purpose of this study is to leverage machine learning and Twitter data from the pandemic period to explore health beliefs regarding mask wearing and vaccines and the influence of high-profile cues to action. Methods A total of 646,885,238 COVID-19–related English tweets were filtered, creating a mask-wearing data set and a vaccine data set. Researchers manually categorized a training sample of 3500 tweets for each data set according to their relevance to Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs and used coded tweets to train machine learning models for classifying each tweet in the data sets. Results In total, 5 models were trained for both the mask-related and vaccine-related data sets using the XLNet transformer model, with each model achieving at least 81% classification accuracy. Health beliefs regarding perceived benefits and barriers were most pronounced for both mask wearing and immunization; however, the strength of those beliefs appeared to vary in response to high-profile cues to action. Conclusions During both the COVID-19 pandemic and the infodemic, health beliefs related to perceived benefits and barriers observed through Twitter using a big data machine learning approach varied over time and in response to high-profile cues to action from prominent organizations and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yang Ke
- Department of Statistics Brigham Young University Provo, UT United States
| | | | - Michael Barnes
- Department of Public Health Brigham Young University Provo, UT United States
| | - Carl L Hanson
- Department of Public Health Brigham Young University Provo, UT United States
| | | | - Quinn Snell
- Computer Science Department Brigham Young University Provo, UT United States
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23
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Paul T, Rana MKZ, Tautam PA, Kotapati TVP, Jampani Y, Singh N, Islam H, Mandhadi V, Sharma V, Barnes M, Hammer RD, Mosa ASM. Investigation of the Utility of Features in a Clinical De-identification Model: A Demonstration Using EHR Pathology Reports for Advanced NSCLC Patients. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:728922. [PMID: 35252956 PMCID: PMC8890696 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.728922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic health record (EHR) systems contain a large volume of texts, including visit notes, discharge summaries, and various reports. To protect the confidentiality of patients, these records often need to be fully de-identified before circulating for secondary use. Machine learning (ML) based named entity recognition (NER) model has emerged as a popular technique of automatic de-identification. Objective The performance of a machine learning model highly depends on the selection of appropriate features. The objective of this study was to investigate the usability of multiple features in building a conditional random field (CRF) based clinical de-identification NER model. Methods Using open-source natural language processing (NLP) toolkits, we annotated protected health information (PHI) in 1,500 pathology reports and built supervised NER models using multiple features and their combinations. We further investigated the dependency of a model's performance on the size of training data. Results Among the 10 feature extractors explored in this study, n-gram, prefix–suffix, word embedding, and word shape performed the best. A model using combination of these four feature sets yielded precision, recall, and F1-score for each PHI as follows: NAME (0.80; 0.79; 0.80), LOCATION (0.85; 0.83; 0.84), DATE (0.86; 0.79; 0.82), HOSPITAL (0.96; 0.93; 0.95), ID (0.99; 0.82; 0.90), and INITIALS (0.97; 0.49; 0.65). We also found that the model's performance becomes saturated when the training data size is beyond 200. Conclusion Manual de-identification of large-scale data is an impractical procedure since it is time-consuming and subject to human errors. Analysis of the NER model's performance in this study sheds light on a semi-automatic clinical de-identification pipeline for enterprise-wide data warehousing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Paul
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Md Kamruz Zaman Rana
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Preethi Aishwarya Tautam
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Teja Venkat Pavan Kotapati
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yaswitha Jampani
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Nitesh Singh
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Humayera Islam
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Vasanthi Mandhadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Vishakha Sharma
- Roche Diagnostics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Michael Barnes
- Roche Diagnostics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Richard D. Hammer
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa
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24
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Trappetti V, Fernandez-Palomo C, Smyth L, Klein M, Haberthür D, Butler D, Barnes M, Shintani N, De Veer M, Laissue J, Vozenin MC, Djonov V. Spacial Fractionation SYNCHROTRON MICROBEAMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF LUNG CANCER: A LESSON FROM THE FIRST PRECLINICAL TRIAL. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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25
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Zifodya JM, Barnes M, Baldock C. Internationally trained medical physicists should be certified, through ACPSEM, in order to be employed in Australia and New Zealand as Radiation Oncology Medical Physicists. Phys Eng Sci Med 2022; 45:3-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Weller O, Sagers L, Hanson C, Barnes M, Snell Q, Tass ES. Predicting suicidal thoughts and behavior among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework: A large-scale machine learning approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258535. [PMID: 34731169 PMCID: PMC8565727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Addressing the problem of suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) in adolescents requires understanding the associated risk factors. While previous research has identified individual risk and protective factors associated with many adolescent social morbidities, modern machine learning approaches can help identify risk and protective factors that interact (group) to provide predictive power for STB. This study aims to develop a prediction algorithm for STB among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework and social determinants of health. METHODS The sample population consisted of more than 179,000 high school students living in Utah and participating in the Communities That Care (CTC) Youth Survey from 2011-2017. The dataset includes responses to 300+ questions from the CTC and 8000+ demographic factors from the American Census Survey for a total of 1.2 billion values. Machine learning techniques were employed to extract the survey questions that were best able to predict answers indicative of STB, using recent work in interpretable machine learning. RESULTS Analysis showed strong predictive power, with the ability to predict individuals with STB with 91% accuracy. After extracting the top ten questions that most affected model predictions, questions fell into four main categories: familial life, drug consumption, demographics, and peer acceptance at school. CONCLUSIONS Modern machine learning approaches provide new methods for understanding the interaction between root causes and outcomes, such as STB. The model developed in this study showed significant improvement in predictive accuracy compared to previous research. Results indicate that certain risk and protective factors, such as adolescents being threatened or harassed through digital media or bullied at school, and exposure or involvement in serious arguments and yelling at home are the leading predictors of STB and can help narrow and reaffirm priority prevention programming and areas of focused policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orion Weller
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Luke Sagers
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Carl Hanson
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michael Barnes
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Quinn Snell
- Department of Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - E. Shannon Tass
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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27
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Barnes M, Camacho M, Anderson W. P073 IDENTIFICATION OF INDUCIBLE LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION BY SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY IN A SEVERE PEDIATRIC ASTHMA CLINIC. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Barnes M, O'Connor DJ, Ebert M. Theoretical evaluation of a novel method for producing fluorine-18 for Positron-emission-tomography (PET) applications utilizing the 3He(d,p) 4He reaction. Phys Eng Sci Med 2021; 44:843-853. [PMID: 34292512 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of producing fluorine-18 for Positron emission tomography (PET) scan applications is evaluated theoretically. The method is based upon the 3He(d,p)4He nuclear reaction from which the protons produced are used to produce fluorine-18 via the 18O(p,n)18F reaction. The potential advantage of such a system over cyclotron-based production is of lower input beam energy, which may lower the cost of the system and potentially allow for onsite production. Two theoretical designs were investigated. The first utilizes a helium-3 beam incident on a deuterated plastic target such as Mylar which is backed with an oxygen-18 heavy-water (H2O18) target. The second design utilizes a super-heavy-water (D2O18) target effectively combining both targets into one. Theoretical yield calculations were performed for both designs and the practicalities, primarily those of thermal and target degradation effects were assessed. To produce sufficient fluorine-18 yield a 1 MeV helium-3 beam at 100 mA was simulated. For this beam it was calculated that 310 MBq of fluorine-18 activity, as required to scan a 74 kg patient would be generated in a 69 min or an 18 min production run for the Mylar and super-heavy-water systems respectively. The simulated beam is at 100 kW power and without significant cooling would vaporize the target materials with the melting point of Mylar and boiling point of water calculated to be breached within 0.41 μs and 0.45 μs from beam-on. To achieve sufficient fluorine-18 yield the helium-3 beam power had to be increased to impractical levels making the systems technically infeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barnes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Daryl John O'Connor
- College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Ebert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,5D Clinics, Claremont, WA, Australia.,Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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29
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Zong LZ, Mawkin M, Sharon H, Barnes M, Pardalidis P, Marten S, Camilleri G, de Lesegno BV. MedCanHub: a platform developed by Cellen aimed at reducing barriers of access to unlicensed cannabis-based medicinal products during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 21:29-30. [PMID: 34078686 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.21-2-s29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haggai Sharon
- Guy's and St Thomas' Pain Management and Neuromodulation Centre, London, UK
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30
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McIntyre TV, Elliott JA, Boyle E, Donlon NE, Barnes M, Connelly TM, Hayden U, Hickey N, Gillis AE, Ridgway PF. P35: BODY COMPOSITION: ASSOCIATION WITH OPERATIVE AND ONCOLOGIC OUTCOMES IN THE MODERN MANAGEMENT OF RETROPERITONEAL SARCOMA – RESULTS OF A FEASIBILITY STUDY. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab117.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sarcopenia and obesity in cancer may confer negative outcomes, but their prevalence and impact on modern regimens for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) have not been systematically studied. Sarcopaenia and obesity measurements by computed tomography (CT) measurements at L3 may be confounded by the disease process itself. The aim of this study is to determine feasibility in providing the prevalence of sarcopenia and visceral obesity in the management of RPS to assess their potential impact on operative and oncologic outcomes.
Method
Consecutive sample patients undergoing treatment for RPS from our database were retrospectively studied. Total, subcutaneous and visceral fat areas (VFA), myosteatosis, skeletal muscle index (SMI) lean body mass and fat mass were determined at diagnosis by CT. Sarcopenia will be defined by CT at L3 as SMI <52.4 cm2/m2 for males and SMI <38.5 cm2/m2 for females, and visceral obesity as VFA >163.8cm2 for men and >80.1cm2 for women.
Result
40 consecutive patients, 21 [52.5%] female, 56.7±15.1 years, were studied. The most common histologic types were leiomyosarcoma (8 [20.0%]), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (7 [17.5%]), well differentiated liposarcoma (7 [17.5%]), myxoid liposarcoma (4 [10.0%]). Mean±SD body composition measures were: lean body mass, 50.4±12.0 kg; total fat mass, 27.2±8.6 kg; visceral fat area, 148.5±120.2 cm2; subcutaneous fat area, 222.2±20.4 cm2; myosteatosis, 8.9±7.3 cm2.
Conclusion
Assessment of body composition among patients with RPS is feasible. Analysis to identify the prevalence and significance of sarcopenia and visceral obesity and its relationship to operative and oncologic outcomes is ongoing.
Take-home message
Assessment of body composition in RPS is feasible and its effect on outcomes is under investigation
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Affiliation(s)
- TV McIntyre
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - JA Elliott
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - E Boyle
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - NE Donlon
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - M Barnes
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - TM Connelly
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - U Hayden
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - N Hickey
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - AE Gillis
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
| | - PF Ridgway
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
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Williams CJM, Seligmann JF, Elliott F, Shires M, Richman SD, Brown S, Zhang L, Singh S, Pugh J, Xu XM, Muranyi A, Guetter C, Lorsakul A, Kurkure U, Zhao Z, Martin J, Wang X, Nguyen K, Liu WW, Yan D, West NP, Barrett JH, Barnes M, Bai I, Seymour MT, Quirke P, Shanmugam K. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC Predicts Panitumumab Benefit in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3422-3431. [PMID: 33888518 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High tumor mRNA levels of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) are associated with anti-EGFR agent response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, ligand RNA assays have not been adopted into routine practice due to issues with analytic precision and practicality. We investigated whether AREG/EREG IHC could predict benefit from the anti-EGFR agent panitumumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Artificial intelligence algorithms were developed to assess AREG/EREG IHC in 274 patients from the PICCOLO trial of irinotecan with or without panitumumab (Ir vs. IrPan) in RAS wild-type mCRC. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were RECIST response rate (RR) and overall survival (OS). Models were repeated adjusting separately for BRAF mutation status and primary tumor location (PTL). RESULTS High ligand expression was associated with significant PFS benefit from IrPan compared with Ir [8.0 vs. 3.2 months; HR, 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37-0.79; P = 0.001]; whereas low ligand expression was not (3.4 vs. 4.4 months; HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.74-1.49; P = 0.78). The ligand-treatment interaction was significant (P interaction = 0.02) and remained significant after adjustment for BRAF-mutation status and PTL. Likewise, RECIST RR was significantly improved in patients with high ligand expression (IrPan vs. Ir: 48% vs. 6%; P < 0.0001) but not those with low ligand expression (25% vs. 14%; P = 0.10; P interaction = 0.01). The effect on OS was similar but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AREG/EREG IHC identified patients who benefitted from the addition of panitumumab to irinotecan chemotherapy. IHC is a practicable assay that may be of use in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J M Williams
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny F Seligmann
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Faye Elliott
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Shires
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Richman
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Brown
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Liping Zhang
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shalini Singh
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Judith Pugh
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiao-Meng Xu
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrea Muranyi
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christoph Guetter
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Imaging and Algorithms, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, California
| | - Auranuch Lorsakul
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Imaging and Algorithms, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, California
| | - Uday Kurkure
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Imaging and Algorithms, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, California
| | - Zuo Zhao
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Imaging and Algorithms, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, California
| | - Jim Martin
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Imaging and Algorithms, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, California
| | - Xingwei Wang
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Imaging and Algorithms, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, California
| | | | - Wen-Wei Liu
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Dongyao Yan
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nicholas P West
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Barrett
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Isaac Bai
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Matthew T Seymour
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Quirke
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kandavel Shanmugam
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tucson, Arizona.
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Barnes M, Stanton M, Delk W. American Anxieties: A Safe-Space Discussion of Pain, Drug Abuse, and Health Care Policy. Pain Manag Nurs 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pagaduan JN, Hight-Huf N, Datar A, Nagar Y, Barnes M, Naveh D, Ramasubramaniam A, Katsumata R, Emrick T. Electronic Tuning of Monolayer Graphene with Polymeric "Zwitterists". ACS Nano 2021; 15:2762-2770. [PMID: 33512145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Work function engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials by application of polymer coatings represents a research thrust that promises to enhance the performance of electronic devices. While polymer zwitterions have been demonstrated to significantly modify the work function of both metal electrodes and 2D materials due to their dipole-rich structure, the impact of zwitterion chemical structure on work function modulation is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized a series of sulfobetaine-based zwitterionic random copolymers with variable substituents and used them in lithographic patterning for the preparation of negative-tone resists (i.e., "zwitterists") on monolayer graphene. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy indicated a significant work function reduction, as high as 1.5 eV, induced by all polymer zwitterions when applied as ultrathin films (<10 nm) on monolayer graphene. Of the polymers studied, the piperidinyl-substituted version, produced the largest dipole normal to the graphene sheet, thereby inducing the maximum work function reduction. Density functional theory calculations probed the influence of zwitterion composition on dipole orientation, while lithographic patterning allowed for evaluation of surface potential contrast via Kelvin probe force microscopy. Overall, this polymer "zwitterist" design holds promise for fine-tuning 2D materials electronics with spatial control based on the chemistry of the polymer coating and the dimensions of the lithographic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehiel Nagar
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Doron Naveh
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Day LRJ, Donzelli M, Pellicioli P, Smyth LML, Barnes M, Bartzsch S, Crosbie JC. A commercial treatment planning system with a hybrid dose calculation algorithm for synchrotron radiotherapy trials. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:055016. [PMID: 33373979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron Radiotherapy (SyncRT) is a preclinical radiation treatment which delivers synchrotron x-rays to cancer targets. SyncRT allows for novel treatments such as Microbeam Radiotherapy, which has been shown to have exceptional healthy tissue sparing capabilities while maintaining good tumour control. Veterinary trials in SyncRT are anticipated to take place in the near future at the Australian Synchrotron's Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL). However, before veterinary trials can commence, a computerised treatment planning system (TPS) is required, which can quickly and accurately calculate the synchrotron x-ray dose through patient CT images. Furthermore, SyncRT TPS's must be familiar and intuitive to radiotherapy planners in order to alleviate necessary training and reduce user error. We have paired an accurate and fast Monte Carlo (MC) based SyncRT dose calculation algorithm with EclipseTM, the most widely implemented commercial TPS in the clinic. Using EclipseTM, we have performed preliminary SyncRT trials on dog cadavers at the IMBL, and verified calculated doses against dosimetric measurement to within 5% for heterogeneous tissue-equivalent phantoms. We have also performed a validation of the TPS against a full MC simulation for constructed heterogeneous phantoms in EclipseTM, and showed good agreement for a range of water-like tissues to within 5%-8%. Our custom EclipseTM TPS for SyncRT is ready to perform live veterinary trials at the IMBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Donzelli
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France.,Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Pellicioli
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France.,Inserm UA7 STROBE, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France.,Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - L M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Barnes
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Australian Synchrotron, Imaging and Medical Beamline, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Bartzsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Theuerle J, Al-Fiadh A, Collins A, Patel S, Barnes M, O'Donoghue F, Burrell L, Farouque O. Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Function is Impaired in Subjects With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Day L, Barnes M, Smyth L, Donzelli M, Bartzsch S, Klein M, Butler D, Hausermann D, Ryan S, Crosbie J. PO-1791: Synchrotron Radiotherapy of Pet Cadavers at the Imaging and Medical Beamline. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Urquhart S, Barnes M, Flannigan M. 122 Point of Care Ultrasound Reduces Time to Diagnosis and Treatment of Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK, medical cannabis was approved in November 2018, leading many patients to believe that the medicine would now be available on the NHS. Yet, to date, there have been only 12 NHS prescriptions and less than 60 prescriptions in total. In marked contrast, a recent patient survey by the Centre for Medical Cannabis (Couch, 2020) found 1.4 m people are using illicit cannabis for medical problems. AIMS Such a mismatch between demand and supply is rare in medicine. This article outlines some of the current controversies about medical cannabis that underpin this disparity, beginning by contrasting current medical evidence from research studies with patient-reported outcomes. OUTCOMES Although definite scientific evidence is scarce for most conditions, there is significant patient demand for access to medical cannabis. This disparity poses a challenge for prescribers, and there are many concerns of physicians when deciding if, and how, to prescribe medical cannabis which still need to be addressed. Potential solutions are outlined as to how the medical profession and regulators could respond to the strong demand from patients and families for access to medical cannabis to treat chronic illnesses when there is often a limited scientific evidence base on whether and how to use it in many of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to maximise both clinical research and patient benefit, in a safe, cautious and ethical manner, so that those patients for whom cannabis is shown to be effective can access it. We hope our discussion and outlines for future progress offer a contribution to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Steve Bazire
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rupert McShane
- Interventional Psychiatry Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Lawrence D Phillips
- Department of Management, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK
| | - Ilina Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Day LRJ, Pellicioli P, Gagliardi F, Barnes M, Smyth LML, Butler D, Livingstone J, Stevenson AW, Lye J, Poole CM, Hausermann D, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC. A Monte Carlo model of synchrotron radiotherapy shows good agreement with experimental dosimetry measurements: Data from the imaging and medical beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Phys Med 2020; 77:64-74. [PMID: 32791426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental measurement of Synchrotron Radiotherapy (SyncRT) doses is challenging, especially for Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT), which is characterised by very high dynamic ranges with spatial resolutions on the micrometer scale. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is considered a gold standard for accurate dose calculation in radiotherapy, and is therefore routinely relied upon to produce verification data. We present a MC model for Australian Synchrotron's Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL), which is capable of generating accurate dosimetry data to inform and/or verify SyncRT experiments. Our MC model showed excellent agreement with dosimetric measurement for Synchrotron Broadbeam Radiotherapy (SBBR). Our MC model is also the first to achieve validation for MRT, using two methods of dosimetry, to within clinical tolerances of 5% for a 20×20 mm2 field size, except for surface measurements at 5 mm depth, which remained to within good agreement of 7.5%. Our experimental methodology has allowed us to control measurement uncertainties for MRT doses to within 5-6%, which has also not been previously achieved, and provides a confidence which until now has been lacking in MRT validation studies. The MC model is suitable for SyncRT dose calculation of clinically relevant field sizes at the IMBL, and can be extended to include medical beamlines at other Synchrotron facilities as well. The presented MC model will be used as a validation tool for treatment planning dose calculation algorithms, and is an important step towards veterinary SyncRT trials at the Australian Synchrotron.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - P Pellicioli
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France; Inserm UA7 STROBE, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France; Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - F Gagliardi
- Radiation Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Barnes
- Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - L M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Butler
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Livingstone
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - A W Stevenson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - J Lye
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Melbourne, Australia
| | - C M Poole
- Radiation Analytics, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Hausermann
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia
| | - P A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kim H, Hight‐Huf N, Kang J, Bisnoff P, Sundararajan S, Thompson T, Barnes M, Hayward RC, Emrick T. Polymer Zwitterions for Stabilization of CsPbBr
3
Perovskite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | | | - Ji‐Hwan Kang
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Phoebe Bisnoff
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Suvin Sundararajan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Theo Thompson
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Michael Barnes
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst USA
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
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Puyati W, Khawne A, Barnes M, Zwan B, Greer P, Fuangrod T. Predictive quality assurance of a linear accelerator based on the machine performance check application using statistical process control and ARIMA forecast modeling. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2020; 21:73-82. [PMID: 32543097 PMCID: PMC7484849 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A predictive linac quality assurance system based on the output of the Machine Performance Check (MPC) application was developed using statistical process control and autoregressive integrated moving average forecast modeling. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of predictive quality assurance based on MPC tests that allow proactive preventative maintenance procedures to be carried out to better ensure optimal linac performance and minimize downtime. Method and Materials Daily MPC data were acquired for a total of 490 measurements. The initial 85% of data were used in prediction model learning with the autoregressive integrated moving average technique and in calculating upper and lower control limits for statistical process control analysis. The remaining 15% of data were used in testing the accuracy of the predictions of the proposed system. Two types of prediction were studied, namely, one‐step‐ahead values for predicting the next day's quality assurance results and six‐step‐ahead values for predicting up to a week ahead. Results that fall within the upper and lower control limits indicate a normal stage of machine performance, while the tolerance, determined from AAPM TG‐142, is the clinically required performance. The gap between the control limits and the clinical tolerances (as the warning stage) provides a window of opportunity for rectifying linac performance issues before they become clinically significant. The accuracy of the predictive model was tested using the root‐mean‐square error, absolute error, and average accuracy rate for all MPC test parameters. Results The accuracy of the predictive model is considered high (average root‐mean‐square error and absolute error for all parameters of less than 0.05). The average accuracy rate for indicating the normal/warning stages was higher than 85.00%. Conclusion Predictive quality assurance with the MPC will allow preventative maintenance, which could lead to improved linac performance and a reduction in unscheduled linac downtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayo Puyati
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.,Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Amnach Khawne
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Michael Barnes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, NSW, 2298, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Benjamin Zwan
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Central Coast Cancer Centre, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, NSW, 2250, Australia
| | - Peter Greer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, NSW, 2298, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Todsaporn Fuangrod
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
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Guerrero AM, Barnes M, Bodin Ö, Chadès I, Davis KJ, Iftekhar MS, Morgans C, Wilson KA. Key considerations and challenges in the application of social-network research for environmental decision making. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:733-742. [PMID: 31943349 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to better understand the social context in which conservation and environmental decisions are made has led to increased interest in human social networks. To improve the use of social-network analysis in conservation, we reviewed recent studies in the literature in which such methods were applied. In our review, we looked for problems in research design and analysis that limit the utility of network analysis. Nineteen of 55 articles published from January 2016 to June 2019 exhibited at least 1 of the following problems: application of analytical methods inadequate or sensitive to incomplete network data; application of statistical approaches that ignore dependency in the network; or lack of connection between the theoretical base, research question, and choice of analytical techniques. By drawing attention to these specific areas of concern and highlighting research frontiers and challenges, including causality, network dynamics, and new approaches, we responded to calls for increasing the rigorous application of social science in conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Guerrero
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Barnes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 4811, QLD, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ö Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Chadès
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- CSIRO, Ecosciences Precinct, 4102, QLD, Dutton Park, Australia
| | - K J Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute, University of Exeter Business School, EX4 4PU, Exeter, Xfi Building, Rennes Drive, U.K
| | - M S Iftekhar
- Centre for Environmental Economics & Policy, UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, M087, The University of Western Australia, 6009, WA, Perth, Australia
| | - C Morgans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K A Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
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Eastwood PR, Barnes M, MacKay SG, Wheatley JR, Lewis R, Campbell MC, Jones AC, Palme CE, Petelle B, Meslier N, Bertolus C, Denoncin K, Attali V, Gagnadoux F, Launois SH. 0665 Bilateral Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation (HGNS) decreases obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity by contracting the tongue and decreasing upper airway collapsibility. This study assessed the safety and effectiveness of a new implantable device that delivers bilateral HGNS: the Genio™ system.
Methods
The BLAST OSA study (BiLAteral Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea), was a prospective, open-label, non-randomized, single arm treatment study conducted at eight centres in three countries (Australia, France, UK). Primary outcomes were the incidence of device-related Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and change in the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI). The secondary outcome was change in the 4% Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI). Additional outcomes included measures of sleepiness, quality of life, snoring, and device use. Participants were eligible if: 21-75 years old; BMI ≤ 32 kg/m2; obstructive AHI 20-60 events/hr and combined central and mixed AHI < 10 events/hr; no positional OSA; no Complete Concentric Collapse of the soft palate during Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy; and failed to tolerate or accept Positive Airway Pressure treatments.
Results
27 participants were implanted (63% male, aged 55.9±12.0 years, BMI 27.4±3.0 kg/m2). 22 completed the protocol. At 6 months, AHI decreased from 23.7±12.2 to 12.9±10.1 events/hr [p<0.001]; and ODI decreased from 19.1±11.2 to 9.8±6.9 events/hr [p<0.001]. Daytime sleepiness (ESS, p=0.011) and sleep-related quality of life (FOSQ-10, p=0.016) both significantly improved. 91% of participants reported using their device >5 days per week, and 77% used it >5 hours per night. The number of bed partners reporting disruptive snoring decreased from 96% to 35%. No device-related SAE occurred.
Conclusion
In a targeted population of individuals with moderate-to-severe OSA, the Genio system reduced OSA severity and sleepiness, improved quality of life, and was associated with high adherence and an acceptable safety profile.
Support
This study trial was funded by Nyxoah S.A. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03048604.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Eastwood
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Sleep Science, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | - M Barnes
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | - S G MacKay
- Illawara ENT Head & Neck Clinic, Woollongong, AUSTRALIA
| | - J R Wheatley
- Depatment of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| | - R Lewis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Royal Perth Hosptital, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | - M C Campbell
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | - A C Jones
- Illawarra ENG Head & Neck Clinic, Woollongong, AUSTRALIA
| | - C E Palme
- University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| | - B Petelle
- Service ORL Chirurgie de la Face et du Cou, Hopital Tenon, Paris, FRANCE
| | - N Meslier
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, FRANCE
| | - C Bertolus
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Paris, FRANCE
| | - K Denoncin
- Nyxoah, S.A., Mont-Saint-Guibert, BELGIUM
| | - V Attali
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, UMRS 1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Experimentale et Clinique, Paris, FRANCE
| | - F Gagnadoux
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, University of Angers, Angers, FRANCE
| | - S H Launois
- Unite de Somnologie et Fonction Respiratoire, Hospital St Antoine, Paris, FRANCE
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Amgad M, Stovgaard ES, Balslev E, Thagaard J, Chen W, Dudgeon S, Sharma A, Kerner JK, Denkert C, Yuan Y, AbdulJabbar K, Wienert S, Savas P, Voorwerk L, Beck AH, Madabhushi A, Hartman J, Sebastian MM, Horlings HM, Hudeček J, Ciompi F, Moore DA, Singh R, Roblin E, Balancin ML, Mathieu MC, Lennerz JK, Kirtani P, Chen IC, Braybrooke JP, Pruneri G, Demaria S, Adams S, Schnitt SJ, Lakhani SR, Rojo F, Comerma L, Badve SS, Khojasteh M, Symmans WF, Sotiriou C, Gonzalez-Ericsson P, Pogue-Geile KL, Kim RS, Rimm DL, Viale G, Hewitt SM, Bartlett JMS, Penault-Llorca F, Goel S, Lien HC, Loibl S, Kos Z, Loi S, Hanna MG, Michiels S, Kok M, Nielsen TO, Lazar AJ, Bago-Horvath Z, Kooreman LFS, van der Laak JAWM, Saltz J, Gallas BD, Kurkure U, Barnes M, Salgado R, Cooper LAD. Report on computational assessment of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 32411818 PMCID: PMC7217824 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-0154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is increasingly recognized as an integral part of the prognostic workflow in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer, as well as many other solid tumors. This recognition has come about thanks to standardized visual reporting guidelines, which helped to reduce inter-reader variability. Now, there are ripe opportunities to employ computational methods that extract spatio-morphologic predictive features, enabling computer-aided diagnostics. We detail the benefits of computational TILs assessment, the readiness of TILs scoring for computational assessment, and outline considerations for overcoming key barriers to clinical translation in this arena. Specifically, we discuss: 1. ensuring computational workflows closely capture visual guidelines and standards; 2. challenges and thoughts standards for assessment of algorithms including training, preanalytical, analytical, and clinical validation; 3. perspectives on how to realize the potential of machine learning models and to overcome the perceptual and practical limits of visual scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amgad
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Thagaard
- DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Visiopharm A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Weijie Chen
- FDA/CDRH/OSEL/Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Sarah Dudgeon
- FDA/CDRH/OSEL/Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stephan Wienert
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Savas
- Division of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonie Voorwerk
- Department of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anant Madabhushi
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Manu M. Sebastian
- Departments of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hugo M. Horlings
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hudeček
- Department of Research IT, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Ciompi
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Moore
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Elvire Roblin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Marcelo Luiz Balancin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Christine Mathieu
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Pawan Kirtani
- Department of Histopathology, Manipal Hospitals Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy P. Braybrooke
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sylvia Adams
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Stuart J. Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research and Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, CIBERONC-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- GEICAM-Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Pathology Department, CIBERONC-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- GEICAM-Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sunil S. Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - W. Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paula Gonzalez-Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | | | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS & State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John M. S. Bartlett
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR INSERM 1240, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Shom Goel
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Huang-Chun Lien
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, c/o GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Sherene Loi
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew G. Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Gustave Roussy, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villejuif, France
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Loes F. S. Kooreman
- GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A. W. M. van der Laak
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joel Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Brandon D. Gallas
- FDA/CDRH/OSEL/Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Uday Kurkure
- Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, CA USA
| | - Michael Barnes
- Roche Diagnostics Information Solutions, Belmont, CA USA
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lee A. D. Cooper
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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45
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Kim H, Hight-Huf N, Kang JH, Bisnoff P, Sundararajan S, Thompson T, Barnes M, Hayward RC, Emrick T. Polymer Zwitterions for Stabilization of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10802-10806. [PMID: 32141215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymers with sulfobetaine or phosphorylcholine zwitterions as pendent groups are demonstrated as both ligands and host matrices for CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles (PNPs). These polymers produce nanocomposite films with excellent NP dispersion, optical transparency, and impressive resistance to NP degradation upon exposure to water. Multidentate interactions of the zwitterion-containing copolymers with the PNPs induce dispersed or weakly aggregated nanocomposite morphologies, depending on the extent of zwitterionic functionality in the polymer. Incorporating additional functionality into the polymers, such as benzophenone pendent groups, yields lithographically patternable films, while time-resolved photoluminescence measurements provide insight into the electronic impact of PNPs in zwitterionic polymer matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | | | - Ji-Hwan Kang
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Phoebe Bisnoff
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Suvin Sundararajan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Theo Thompson
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Michael Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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46
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John CR, Watson D, Russ D, Goldmann K, Ehrenstein M, Pitzalis C, Lewis M, Barnes M. M3C: Monte Carlo reference-based consensus clustering. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1816. [PMID: 32020004 PMCID: PMC7000518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide data is used to stratify patients into classes for precision medicine using clustering algorithms. A common problem in this area is selection of the number of clusters (K). The Monti consensus clustering algorithm is a widely used method which uses stability selection to estimate K. However, the method has bias towards higher values of K and yields high numbers of false positives. As a solution, we developed Monte Carlo reference-based consensus clustering (M3C), which is based on this algorithm. M3C simulates null distributions of stability scores for a range of K values thus enabling a comparison with real data to remove bias and statistically test for the presence of structure. M3C corrects the inherent bias of consensus clustering as demonstrated on simulated and real expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For testing M3C, we developed clusterlab, a new method for simulating multivariate Gaussian clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R John
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
| | - David Watson
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St. Giles, OX1 3JS, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Russ
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Katriona Goldmann
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ehrenstein
- Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Myles Lewis
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnes
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
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47
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Feldsine PT, Lienau AH, Forgey RL, Calhoon RD, Al-Hasani S, Arling V, Bandiera T, Barnes M, Beatty S, Beaudoin A, Beyer D, Bryant J, Burzynski M, Carey B, Copeland F, Culver D, Danisavich T, Destro C, Diaz B, Fitzgerald S, Gallagher D, Franke W, Freshly J, Gary J, Harper M, Hermann C, Isakson T, Jenkins P, Johnson S, Ke J, Krause C, Lange K, Maki G, McDonagh S, McKee B, McLenaghan J, Miller L, Phebus R, Raghubeer E, Redding R, Retzlaff D, Richter D, Ritger C, Robinson J, Saunders L, Schwants D, Trottier Y, Tuncan E, Vanderbilt K, Ward D, West D, Woo L, Zebchek A. Visual Immunoprecipitate Assay (VIP) for Listeria monocytogenes and Related Listeria Species Detection in Selected Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.4.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Six foods representing a variety of food products were analyzed by the Assurance Listeria polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by either the Bacteriological Analytical Manual or the U.S. Department of Agriculture culture method for detecting Listeria monocytogenes and related Listeria species. Samples of each food type, at each inoculation level, were analyzed simultaneously by both methods. A total of 19 laboratories representing federal government agencies and private industry in the United States and Canada participated. Food types were inoculated with Listeria species including L. monocytogenes, with the exception of 3 lots of green beans, which were naturally contaminated. During this study, 1764 samples and controls were analyzed and confirmed, of which 492 were positive and 947 were negative by both methods. There were 159 samples that were positive by culture method but negative by the EIA and 188 that were negative by culture method but positive by EIA. Twenty-two samples were negative by EIA and by culture method but confirmed positive when Assurance selective enrichment broths were subcultured to selective agar. The Assurance polyclonal EIA for detecting L. monocytogenes and related Listeria species in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew H Lienau
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 N. Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
| | - Robin L Forgey
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 N. Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
| | - Roger D Calhoon
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 N. Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
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48
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Feldsine PT, Lienau AH, Forgey RL, Calhoon RD, Al-Hasani S, Arling V, Bandiera T, Barnes M, Beatty S, Beaudoin A, Beyer D, Bryant J, Burzynski M, Carey B, Copeland F, Culver D, Destro C, Diaz B, Franke W, Gallagher D, Gary J, Harper M, Hermann C, Isakson T, Jenkins P, Johnson S, Ke J, Krause C, Lange K, Trottier YL, Maki G, McDonagh S, McLenaghan J, Miller L, Phebus R, Raghubeer E, Redding R, Retzlaff D, Richter D, Ritger C, Robinson J, Saunders L, Schwants D, Tuncan E, Vanderbilt K, Ward D, West D, Woo L, Zebchek A. Assurance Polyclonal Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Related Listeria Species in Selected Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.4.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Six foods representing a variety of food products were analyzed by the Assurance Listeria polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by either the Bacteriological Analytical Manual or the U.S. Department of Agriculture culture method for detecting Listeria monocytogenes and related Listeria species. Samples of each food type, at each inoculation level, were analyzed simultaneously by both methods. A total of 19 laboratories representing federal government agencies and private industry in the United States and Canada participated. Food types were inoculated with Listeria species including L. monocytogenes, with the exception of 3 lots of green beans, which were naturally contaminated. During this study, 1764 samples and controls were analyzed and confirmed, of which 492 were positive and 947 were negative by both methods. There were 159 samples that were positive by culture method but negative by the EIA and 188 that were negative by culture method but positive by EIA. Twenty-two samples were negative by EIA and by culture method but confirmed positive when Assurance selective enrichment broths were subcultured to selective agar. The Assurance polyclonal EIA for detecting L. monocytogenes and related Listeria species in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew H Lienau
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 N. Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
| | - Robin L Forgey
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 N. Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
| | - Roger D Calhoon
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 N. Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
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49
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Gaydos CA, Barnes M, Holden J, Silver B, Smith R, Hardick J, Quinn TC. Acceptability and feasibility of recruiting women to collect a self-administered vaginal swab at a pharmacy clinic for sexually transmissible infection screening. Sex Health 2020; 17:392-394. [PMID: 32829744 DOI: 10.1071/sh20077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Willingness to self-collect vaginal swabs at a pharmacy clinic is of interest as a venue to increase sexually transmissible infections (STIs) screening for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas. Women self-collected vaginal swabs at the pharmacy, completed questionnaires and received STI results within 2 h. Women with STIs were offered free treatment. A total of 313 of 777 (40.3%) women consented and prevalence for any STI was 3.9%. Questionnaires demonstrated acceptability for self-collection at the pharmacy, with 63% (95% CI 57.3-68) and 32.3% (95% CI 27.4-37.8) indicating they 'strongly agreed' or 'agreed' that they felt comfortable with pharmacy collection, respectively. Self-collected vaginal swabs for STI testing for women who were at a pharmacy were feasible and acceptable to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Gaydos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 211 Preclinical Teaching Building, Fisher Center, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - M Barnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 211 Preclinical Teaching Building, Fisher Center, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - J Holden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 211 Preclinical Teaching Building, Fisher Center, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - B Silver
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 211 Preclinical Teaching Building, Fisher Center, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 211 Preclinical Teaching Building, Fisher Center, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - J Hardick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 211 Preclinical Teaching Building, Fisher Center, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - T C Quinn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 211 Preclinical Teaching Building, Fisher Center, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; and Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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50
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David Lechinewski L, Vieira IP, Clausell N, Moura LAZ, Barnes M, Tsang T, Gavazzoni Blume G. P959 Handheld echocardiography in a real world scenario: concordances compared to standard echo reports. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Handheld echocardiography devices(HH) arise as a common tool in clinical examination and screening for various cardiovascular disorders. Despite of it, studies with this method are small, with unselected patients and limited scope of diagnostic comparison.
Purpose
Assess the usefulness of the new miniaturized HH and compare its concordances with the standard high definition echocardiography study(STD).
Methods
Between April and May of 2016 adult patients who were scheduled to regular STD, were also submitted to a HH exam. Experienced sonographers performed and an experienced echocardiographer reviewed the STD exam, and an experienced echocardiographer performed and reviewed the HH study - reviewers were blinded to the other study results. STD exams included 2-dimensional images, Color Doppler and hemodynamics analysis. With the HH hemodynamic assessment was not performed as the machine does not include such technology. Agreement between the reports was analyzed.
Results
110 patients were included. Mean age was 62.4 ± 16.7 years. The κ values(Table) show good correlation between HH and STD on the analysis of left ventricular global and segment functions, right ventricle size and function, mitral and aortic stenosis. On the evaluation of left ventricle hypertrophy, mitral and aortic regurgitations the correlation was modest, while poor correlation was found for pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitations.
Conclusion
In a daily practice scenario with experienced hands, HH demonstrates good results for the assessment of ventricles size and function, while the evaluation of right heart valves was the least reliable performance. Dissemination of HH should occur with considerations and caution.
K Values for Echocardiography Analysis Echocardiography analysis K value Global estimated LV dysfunction 0.85 Wall motion abnormalities 0.78 LV hypertrophy 0.6 RV size 0.83 RV function 0.82 Mitral regurgitation 0.42 Aortic regurgitation 0.56 Mitral stenosis 0.96 Aortic stenosis 0.82 Tricuspid regurgitation 0.26 Pulmonary regurgitation 0.25 LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I P Vieira
- Holy House of Mercy of Curitiba, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N Clausell
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L A Z Moura
- Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M Barnes
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - T Tsang
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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