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Boot J, Rosser G, Kancheva D, Vinel C, Lim YM, Pomella N, Zhang X, Guglielmi L, Sheer D, Barnes M, Brandner S, Nelander S, Movahedi K, Marino S. Global hypo-methylation in a proportion of glioblastoma enriched for an astrocytic signature is associated with increased invasion and altered immune landscape. eLife 2022; 11:e77335. [PMID: 36412091 PMCID: PMC9681209 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a subset of glioblastoma, the most prevalent malignant adult brain tumour, harbouring a bias towards hypomethylation at defined differentially methylated regions. This epigenetic signature correlates with an enrichment for an astrocytic gene signature, which together with the identification of enriched predicted binding sites of transcription factors known to cause demethylation and to be involved in astrocytic/glial lineage specification, point to a shared ontogeny between these glioblastomas and astroglial progenitors. At functional level, increased invasiveness, at least in part mediated by SRPX2, and macrophage infiltration characterise this subset of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boot
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dailya Kancheva
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Claire Vinel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Denise Sheer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
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Ferreri AJM, Steffanoni S, Calimeri T, Laurenge A, Fox CP, Soussain C, Grommes C, Sassone MC, Touat M, Boot J, Crosbie N, Chaganti S, Dietrich J, Alencar A, Itchaki G, Hoang Xuan K, Batchelor T, Cwynarski K. SARS‐COV‐2 INFECTION IN 50 PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMA: PRESENTATION, EFFECTS ON TUMOR TREATMENT AND OUTCOME IN A SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL PCNSL COLLABORATIVE GROUP. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.68_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Steffanoni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Lymphoma Unit Hematology Milan Italy
| | - T. Calimeri
- IRCCS San Raffaele Lymphoma Unit Hematology Milan Italy
| | - A. Laurenge
- Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière Service de Neurologie 2‐Mazarin Paris France
| | - C. P. Fox
- University Hospitals NHS Trust hematology Nottingham UK
| | - C. Soussain
- Hôpital René Huguenin‐Institut Curie Saint‐Cloud Hematology Paris France
| | - C. Grommes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Neurology New York USA
| | - M. C. Sassone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Lymphoma Unit Hematology Milan Italy
| | - M. Touat
- Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière Service de Neurologie 2‐Mazarin Paris France
| | - J. Boot
- Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust Hematology London UK
| | - N. Crosbie
- Derriford Hospital Hematology Plymouth UK
| | - S. Chaganti
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Haematology Birmingham UK
| | - J. Dietrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center Neuro‐Oncology Boston USA
| | - A. Alencar
- University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Hematology and Oncology Miami USA
| | - G. Itchaki
- Davidoff Cancer Center Rabin Medical Center Hematology Petah‐Tikva Israel
| | - K. Hoang Xuan
- Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière Service de Neurologie 2‐Mazarin Paris France
| | - T. Batchelor
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts USA 13 University College London Hospital Haematology London UK
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Abstract
International guidelines dictate that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be part of the primary standard work up of patients with rectal cancer because MRI can accurately identify the main risk factors for local recurrence and stratify patients into a differentiated treatment. The role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is restricted to staging of superficial tumors because EUS is able to differentiate between T1 and T2 rectal cancer. Recent guidelines recommend the addition of diffusion-weighted (DWI) MRI to clinical and endoscopic assessment of response to preoperative radiochemotherapy (RCT). MRI is able to identify significant tumor regression which may alter the surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boot
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Gomez-Munoz
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R G H Beets-Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Giovannini F, Sher E, Webster R, Boot J, Lang B. Calcium channel subtypes contributing to acetylcholine release from normal, 4-aminopyridine-treated and myasthenic syndrome auto-antibodies-affected neuromuscular junctions. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 136:1135-45. [PMID: 12163346 PMCID: PMC1573446 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction relies on rapid, local and transient calcium increase at presynaptic active zones, triggered by the ion influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) clustered on the presynaptic membrane. Pharmacological investigation of the role of different VDCC subtypes (L-, N-, P/Q- and R-type) in spontaneous and evoked acetylcholine (ACh) release was carried out in adult mouse neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) under normal and pathological conditions. 2 omega-Agatoxin IVA (500 nM), a specific P/Q-type VDCC blocker, abolished end plate potentials (EPPs) in normal NMJs. However, when neurotransmitter release was potentiated by the presence of the K(+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), an omega-agatoxin IVA- and omega-conotoxin MVIIC-resistant component was detected. This resistant component was only partially sensitive to 1 micro M omega-conotoxin GVIA (N-type VDCC blocker), but insensitive to any other known VDCC blockers. Spontaneous release was dependent only on P/Q-type VDCC in normal NMJs. However, in the presence of 4-AP, it relied on L-type VDCCs too. 3 ACh release from normal NMJs was compared with that of NMJs of mice passively injected with IgGs obtained from patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), a disorder characterized by a compromised neurotransmitter release. Differently from normal NMJs, in LEMS IgGs-treated NMJs an omega-agatoxin IVA-resistant EPP component was detected, which was only partially blocked by calciseptine (1 micro M), a specific L-type VDCC blocker. 4 Altogether, these data demonstrate that multiple VDCC subtypes are present at the mouse NMJ and that a resistant component can be identified under 'pharmacological' and/or 'pathological' conditions.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels/drug effects
- Calcium Channels/physiology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/physiology
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/physiology
- Calcium Channels, P-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, P-Type/physiology
- Calcium Channels, Q-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, Q-Type/physiology
- Calcium Channels, R-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, R-Type/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giovannini
- Neuroscience Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington OX3 9DU, UK.
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Abstract
Peptide neurotoxins isolated from the venom of snakes, spiders and snails have represented invaluable tools for the identification and characterisation of membrane ion channels and receptors in vertebrate cells, including human neurons. We here report on the use of these toxins for the characterisation of membrane ion channels and receptors expressed by one of the most aggressive human cancers, small-cell lung carcinoma. This tumour shares many properties with other neuro-endocrine cell types, including the ability of firing action potentials and release hormones in a calcium-dependent manner. Toxins such as alpha-bungarotoxin and omega-conotoxins, among others, have been successfully used to characterise neuronal nicotinic receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels, respectively, in human small-cell lung carcinoma cells. These receptors and ion channels are not only crucial for the growth of this specific tumour, but also represent autoantigens against which cancer patients build an autoimmune response. Although the aim of this autoimmune response is eventually the destruction of the cancer cells, the circulating antibodies cross-react with similar ion channels and receptors present in normal neurons or other cells, causing a number of different paraneoplastic diseases, the best characterised of which is the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Conotoxin-based radioimmunoassays have become an invaluable tool for the diagnosis and follow up of these paraneoplastic disorders and could represent a step forward in the early diagnosis of small-cell lung carcinoma itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sher
- Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, GU20 6PH, Surrey, UK.
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Leenhouts K, Bolhuis A, Boot J, Deutz I, Toonen M, Venema G, Kok J, Ledeboer A. Cloning, expression, and chromosomal stabilization of the Propionibacterium shermanii proline iminopeptidase gene (pip) for food-grade application in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:4736-42. [PMID: 9835556 PMCID: PMC90916 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.12.4736-4742.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline iminopeptidase produced by Propionibacterium shermanii plays an essential role in the flavor development of Swiss-type cheeses. The enzyme (Pip) was purified and characterized, and the gene (pip) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis, the latter species being an extensively studied, primary cheese starter culture that is less fastidious in its growth condition requirements than P. shermanii. The levels of expression of the pip gene could be enhanced with a factor 3 to 5 by using a strong constitutive promoter in L. lactis or the inducible tac promoter in E. coli. Stable replication of the rolling-circle replicating (rcr) plasmid, used to express pip in L. lactis, could only be obtained by providing the repA gene in trans. Upon the integration of pip, clear gene dosage effects were observed and stable multicopy integrants could be maintained upon growth under the selective pressure of sucrose. The multicopy integrants demonstrated a high degree of stability in the presence of glucose. This study examines the possibilities to overexpress genes that play an important role in food fermentation processes and shows a variety of options to obtain stable food-grade expression of such genes in L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Leenhouts
- Department of Genetics, Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
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7
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Pinto A, Gillard S, Moss F, Whyte K, Brust P, Williams M, Stauderman K, Harpold M, Lang B, Newsom-Davis J, Bleakman D, Lodge D, Boot J. Human autoantibodies specific for the alpha1A calcium channel subunit reduce both P-type and Q-type calcium currents in cerebellar neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:8328-33. [PMID: 9653186 PMCID: PMC20975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) subtypes appear mainly to be determined by the alpha1 pore-forming subunit but, whether P-and Q-type VDCCs are encoded by the same alpha1 gene presently is unresolved. To investigate this, we used IgG antibodies to presynaptic VDCCs at motor nerve terminals that underlie muscle weakness in the autoimmune Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). We first studied their action on changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines expressing different combinations of human recombinant VDCC subunits. Incubation for 18 h with LEMS IgG (2 mg/ml) caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in the K+-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase in the alpha1A cell line but not in the alpha1B, alpha1C, alpha1D, and alpha1E cell lines, establishing the alpha1A subunit as the target for these autoantibodies. Exploiting this specificity, we incubated cultured rat cerebellar neurones with LEMS IgG and observed a reduction in P-type current in Purkinje cells and both P- and Q-type currents in granule cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the alpha1A gene encodes for the pore-forming subunit of both P-type and Q-type VDCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinto
- Neurosciences Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
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8
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Abstract
Purification of alpha-galactosidase from the roots of Verbascum thapsus L. was difficult to achieve using conventional methods due to the presence of coloured contaminants. A newly developed procedure, hybrid affinity chromatography, which was based on a mixed matrix separation procedure, using a substrate analogue and an immobilized metal affinity matrix as ligands, respectively, allowed the purification of this enzyme with good recovery. The method should be applicable to other proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bom
- Unilever Research Laboratory, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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9
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Pinto A, Moss F, Lang B, Boot J, Brust P, Williams M, Stauderman K, Harpold M, Newsom-Davis J. Differential effect of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome immunoglobulin on cloned neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 841:687-90. [PMID: 9668315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pinto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Lang B, Waterman S, Pinto A, Jones D, Moss F, Boot J, Brust P, Williams M, Stauderman K, Harpold M, Motomura M, Moll JW, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J. The role of autoantibodies in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 841:596-605. [PMID: 9668304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Lang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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de Rave S, Heijtink RA, Bakker-Bendik M, Boot J, Schalm SW. Immunogenicity of standard and low dose vaccination using yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen in elderly volunteers. Vaccine 1994. [PMID: 8036828 DOI: 10.1016/0264410x(94)90313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is no conclusive evidence that age influences the response to vaccination against hepatitis B virus. We therefore studied the immunogenicity of yeast-derived rHBsAg vaccine in elderly volunteers. The study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of an academic and a regional hospital, in a rural family practice and in an urban community centre. We recruited 112 healthy volunteers aged 59 years and over, to whom 10 or 20 micrograms yeast-derived HBsAg was given at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-HBs titres were measured by radioimmunoassay at 2, 6 and 7 months. Responders and non-responders were compared using univariate non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of the 116 subjects who volunteered to take part in the study, 106 vaccinees completed it. The percentage of subjects with an anti-HBs titre > or = 10 IU l-1 at 7 months was 60% (95% confidence interval: 51-70%; geometric mean titre; 253 IU l-1). Of the factors studied, i.e. setting, age, sex, alcohol consumption, current medication and vaccine dose, the use of medication at the time of the first vaccination was the only independent factor related to the response to vaccination, with a response rate of 78% (95% confidence interval: 66-89%) in those without medication. In elderly subjects, the proportion with protective concentrations of anti-HBs after vaccination with 10 or 20 micrograms yeast-derived recombinant HBsAg in a standard scheme is lower than in healthy adolescents. Within the older age group studied here, the use of medication, probably reflecting general health, is the only significant factor influencing the response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de Rave
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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de Rave S, Heijtink RA, Bakker-Bendik M, Boot J, Schalm SW. Immunogenicity of standard and low dose vaccination using yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen in elderly volunteers. Vaccine 1994; 12:532-4. [PMID: 8036828 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)90313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is no conclusive evidence that age influences the response to vaccination against hepatitis B virus. We therefore studied the immunogenicity of yeast-derived rHBsAg vaccine in elderly volunteers. The study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of an academic and a regional hospital, in a rural family practice and in an urban community centre. We recruited 112 healthy volunteers aged 59 years and over, to whom 10 or 20 micrograms yeast-derived HBsAg was given at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-HBs titres were measured by radioimmunoassay at 2, 6 and 7 months. Responders and non-responders were compared using univariate non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of the 116 subjects who volunteered to take part in the study, 106 vaccinees completed it. The percentage of subjects with an anti-HBs titre > or = 10 IU l-1 at 7 months was 60% (95% confidence interval: 51-70%; geometric mean titre; 253 IU l-1). Of the factors studied, i.e. setting, age, sex, alcohol consumption, current medication and vaccine dose, the use of medication at the time of the first vaccination was the only independent factor related to the response to vaccination, with a response rate of 78% (95% confidence interval: 66-89%) in those without medication. In elderly subjects, the proportion with protective concentrations of anti-HBs after vaccination with 10 or 20 micrograms yeast-derived recombinant HBsAg in a standard scheme is lower than in healthy adolescents. Within the older age group studied here, the use of medication, probably reflecting general health, is the only significant factor influencing the response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de Rave
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Heijtink RA, Schalm SW, Kruining J, Tyrrell-Heijgen MJ, Bakker P, Boot J, Schmitz PI, Masurel N. Hepatitis B vaccination in health care workers: assessment of simple guidelines. Neth J Med 1987; 30:117-27. [PMID: 2955235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Van Berkel FCAA, Lok HH, Boot J. Festigkeitsversuche an Modellen von Druckbehältern. CHEM-ING-TECH 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.330380906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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