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Yang C, Zhu L, Lin Q. Anoikis related genes may be novel markers associated with prognosis for ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1564. [PMID: 38238592 PMCID: PMC10796408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of anoikis related genes (ARGs) in ovarian cancer (OC) and to develop a prognostic signature based on ARG expression. We analyzed cohorts of OC patients and used nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) for clustering. Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to quantify immune infiltration. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in survival were determined using the log-rank test. The extent of anoikis modification was quantified using a risk score generated from ARG expression. The analysis of single-cell sequencing data was performed by the Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub (TISCH). Our analyses revealed two distinct patterns of anoikis modification. The risk score was used to evaluate the anoikis modification patterns in individual tumors. Three hub-genes were screened using the LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) method and patients were classified into different risk groups based on their individual score and the median score. The low-risk subtype was characterized by decreased expression of hub-genes and better overall survival. The risk score, along with patient age and gender, were considered to identify the prognostic signature, which was visualized using a nomogram. Our findings suggest that ARGs may play a novel role in the prognosis of OC. Based on ARG expression, we have developed a prognostic signature for OC that can aid in patient stratification and treatment decision-making. Further studies are needed to validate these results and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China
| | - LuChao Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China.
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2
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Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy or combined with other small molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e6. [PMID: 36691778 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal female reproductive system tumour. Despite the great advances in surgery and systemic chemotherapy over the past two decades, almost all patients in stages III and IV relapse and develop resistance to chemotherapy after first-line treatment. Ovarian cancer has an extraordinarily complex immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in which immune checkpoints negatively regulate T cells activation and weaken antitumour immune responses by delivering immunosuppressive signals. Therefore, inhibition of immune checkpoints can break down the state of immunosuppression. Indeed, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of many solid tumours. However, ICIs have yielded modest benefits in ovarian cancer. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic basis of the immune checkpoints is needed to improve the efficacy of ICIs in ovarian cancer. In this review, we systematically introduce the mechanisms and expression of immune checkpoints in ovarian cancer. Moreover, this review summarises recent updates regarding ICI monotherapy or combined with other small-molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer.
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Trifanescu OG, Gales LN, Tanase BC, Marinescu SA, Trifanescu RA, Gruia IM, Paun MA, Rebegea L, Mitrica R, Serbanescu L, Anghel RM. Prognostic Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Correlation with Oxidative Stress Markers in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13010166. [PMID: 36611458 PMCID: PMC9818969 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tumor progression in ovarian cancer, but the complex mechanism and interaction with oxidative stress are not fully understood. METHODS A prospective study included 52 patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma stage IIIA-IV. Serum VEGF and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin were measured. RESULTS VEGF levels were elevated (mean 1014.7 ± 165 pg/mL), especially in patients with macroscopic residual disease (1058 vs. 810 pg/mL, p = 0.0001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6 and 40 months in patients with a very high VEGF (over 1200 pg/mL), 11 and 48 months in patients with VEGF between 1000-1200 pg/mL, 18 and 84 months in patients with VEGF between 800-1000 pg/mL, and not reached in patients with normal VEGF. Increased VEGF values were associated with a 2.6-fold increased risk of disease progression (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.69-3.99), and a 1.4-fold increased risk of death (HR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.15-1.91, p = 0.002). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to validate VEGF as a prognostic factor and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.814, p = 0.036 for PFS and 0.729, p = 0.043, for OS. There was a positive correlation between VEGF and malondialdehyde, Pearson coefficient of 0.35, p = 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS VEGF and malondialdehyde are important prognostic markers in ovarian cancer, especially in macroscopic residual disease, and there is a positive correlation between angiogenesis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Gabriela Trifanescu
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentia Nicoleta Gales
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Oncology II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.N.G.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Bogdan Cosmin Tanase
- Thoracic Surgery, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Andrei Marinescu
- Oncologic Surgery I, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Alexandra Trifanescu
- “C. I. Parhon” Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology C. I. Parhon, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.N.G.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Iuliana Maria Gruia
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Andrei Paun
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Rebegea
- Medical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Radu Mitrica
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Serbanescu
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Maricela Anghel
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Characteristics of Selected Adipokines in Ascites and Blood of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184702. [PMID: 34572929 PMCID: PMC8465310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is at the forefront of all cancers worldwide. A specific microenvironment for the secretion of various proteins, including adipokines, is formed around the neoplastic tissue. Five of these proteins, namely adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), were found to have a particular effect on metastasis. The review collects data available in the literature on the function and occurrence of these cytokines in ovarian cancer. The collected information will allow for the observation of these proteins in the area of diagnostics and the planning of further scientific research, and will enable the use of the cytokine level determination as biomarkers of neoplastic disease, its progression and prognosis. Abstract Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. The course of the disease is often latent and asymptomatic in the early stages, but as it develops, metastasis occurs, accompanied by accumulation of ascites in the peritoneal cavity. The ascites fluid constitutes a specific microenvironment influencing the processes of carcinogenesis. In ascites, signaling is mediated by various cytokines that control tumor cell proliferation, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Adipokines, secreted into ascites and also appearing in blood, may be markers of ongoing processes related to the development of neoplastic disease. Moreover, a significant influence of adipocyte lipids on the growth of tumors, for which they are one of energy sources, is observed. Adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), discussed in the present review, were found to mediate the effects of omentum metastasis through homing, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Further research on those adipokines seem to be a natural consequence, allowing for a better understanding of the mechanisms of neoplastic disease and determination of the treatment procedure.
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Senent Y, Ajona D, González-Martín A, Pio R, Tavira B. The Complement System in Ovarian Cancer: An Underexplored Old Path. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3806. [PMID: 34359708 PMCID: PMC8345190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers. Current therapeutic strategies allow temporary control of the disease, but most patients develop resistance to treatment. Moreover, although successful in a range of solid tumors, immunotherapy has yielded only modest results in ovarian cancer. Emerging evidence underscores the relevance of the components of innate and adaptive immunity in ovarian cancer progression and response to treatment. Particularly, over the last decade, the complement system, a pillar of innate immunity, has emerged as a major regulator of the tumor microenvironment in cancer immunity. Tumor-associated complement activation may support chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and activate cancer-related signaling pathways. Recent insights suggest an important role of complement effectors, such as C1q or anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and their receptors C3aR and C5aR1 in ovarian cancer progression. Nevertheless, the implication of these factors in different clinical contexts is still poorly understood. Detailed knowledge of the interplay between ovarian cancer cells and complement is required to develop new immunotherapy combinations and biomarkers. In this context, we discuss the possibility of targeting complement to overcome some of the hurdles encountered in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Senent
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Martín
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Carey P, Low E, Harper E, Stack MS. Metalloproteinases in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3403. [PMID: 33810259 PMCID: PMC8036623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Pericellular protein degradation and fragmentation along with remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is accomplished by numerous proteases that are present in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Several proteolytic processes have been linked to cancer progression, particularly those facilitated by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. These proteases have been linked to enhanced migratory ability, extracellular matrix breakdown, and development of support systems for tumors. Several studies have reported the direct involvement of MMPs with ovarian cancer, as well as their mechanisms of action in the tumor microenvironment. MMPs play a key role in upregulating transcription factors, as well as the breakdown of structural proteins like collagen. Proteolytic mechanisms have been shown to enhance the ability of ovarian cancer cells to migrate and adhere to secondary sites allowing for efficient metastasis. Furthermore, angiogenesis for tumor growth and development of metastatic implants is influenced by upregulation of certain proteases, including MMPs. While proteases are produced normally in vivo, they can be upregulated by cancer-associated mutations, tumor-microenvironment interaction, stress-induced catecholamine production, and age-related pathologies. This review outlines the important role of proteases throughout ovarian cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston Carey
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Preprofessional Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ethan Low
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Elizabeth Harper
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Fahmi MN, Pradjatmo H, Astuti I, Nindrea RD. Cytokines as Prognostic Biomarkers of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:315-323. [PMID: 33639643 PMCID: PMC8190346 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The value of cytokines as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognostic factors has been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine the role of single cytokine as a biomarker prognosis in EOC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting cytokine as the prognostic predictor in EOC based on PRISMA guideline. We included English articles investigating associations of preoperative cytokines level in tissue, blood or ascites with overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) from PUBMED and EBSCO. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Fifty studies investigating twenty types of cytokines in tumor tissue, serum, and ascites from 5,376 patients were included. Pre-operative high VEGF level was associated with poor OS (HR 2.28, 95%CI [1.28, 3.28]) and DFS (HR 2.13, 95%CI [1.63, 2.78]) in serum and OS (HR 1.80, 95%CI [1.45, 2.23]) in tissue. IL-6 level in blood was associated with DFS (HR 1.60, 95%CI [1.21, 2.11]). There was no single cytokine which investigated by at least 2 studies reporting hazard ratio in ascites, so we did not conduct the meta-analysis. Other cytokines (serum IL-8; ascites fluid IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α; and ovarian tissue TGF-α, CSF-1, IL-10 ,TGF-β1, IL-17) associated with the poorer prognosis, could not be pooled due to lack of studies. CONCLUSION Pre-operative VEGF level in serum and tissue specimen seem to be the potential candidate of an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for EOC. The evidence was lacking to support the other cytokines investigated in blood, tissue and ascites as prognostic biomarkers for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh Nailul Fahmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heru Pradjatmo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indwiani Astuti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ricvan Dana Nindrea
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
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8
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Riccardi C, Napolitano E, Platella C, Musumeci D, Melone MAB, Montesarchio D. Anti-VEGF DNA-based aptamers in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:464-506. [PMID: 33038031 DOI: 10.1002/med.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptors play fundamental roles not only in physiological but also in pathological angiogenesis, characteristic of cancer progression. Aiming at finding putative treatments for several malignancies, various small molecules, antibodies, or protein-based drugs have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as VEGF inhibitors, providing efficient agents approved for clinical use. Due to the high clinical importance of VEGF, also a great number of anti-VEGF nucleic acid-based aptamers-that is, oligonucleotides able to bind with high affinity and specificity a selected biological target-have been developed as promising agents in anticancer strategies. Notable research efforts have been made in optimization processes of the identified aptamers, searching for increased target affinity and/or bioactivity by exploring structural analogues of the lead compounds. This review is focused on recent studies devoted to the development of DNA-based aptamers designed to target VEGF. Their therapeutic potential as well as their significance in the construction of highly selective biosensors is here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter-University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa A B Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter-University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Liu Y, Li C, Dong L, Chen X, Fan R. Identification and verification of three key genes associated with survival and prognosis of COAD patients via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200141. [PMID: 32936304 PMCID: PMC7522359 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal malignancy in the world, wherein colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most prevalent type of CRC. Exploring biomarkers is important for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COAD. METHODS We used GEO2R and Venn online software for differential gene screening analysis. Hub genes were screened via Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape, following Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Finally, survival analysis and RNA expression validation were performed via UALCAN online software and real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to verify the protein expression level of hub genes from tissues of COAD patients. RESULTS In the present study, we screened 323 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from four GSE datasets. Furthermore, four hub genes were selected for survival correlation analysis and expression level verification, three of which were shown to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that Serpin Family E Member 1 (SERPINE1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) may be biomarkers closely related to the prognosis of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Lijin Dong
- Editorial Department of Education and Research Security Centre, Logistic University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, P.R. China
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Abreu M, Cabezas-Sainz P, Alonso-Alconada L, Ferreirós A, Mondelo-Macía P, Lago-Lestón RM, Abalo A, Díaz E, Palacios-Zambrano S, Rojo-Sebastian A, López-López R, Sánchez L, Moreno-Bueno G, Muinelo-Romay L. Circulating Tumor Cells Characterization Revealed TIMP1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051218. [PMID: 32423054 PMCID: PMC7291036 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies showed a relevant role of hematogenous spread in ovarian cancer and the interest of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) monitoring as a prognosis marker. The aim of the present study was the characterization of CTCs from ovarian cancer patients, paying special attention to cell plasticity characteristics to better understand the biology of these cells. Methods: CTCs isolation was carried out in 38 patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer using in parallel CellSearch and an alternative EpCAM-based immunoisolation followed by RT-qPCR analysis to characterize these cells. Results: Epithelial CTCs were found in 21% of patients, being their presence higher in patients with extraperitoneal metastasis. Importantly, this population was characterized by the expression of epithelial markers as MUC1 and CK19, but also by genes associated with mesenchymal and more malignant features as TIMP1, CXCR4 and the stem markers CD24 and CD44. In addition, we evidenced the relevance of TIMP1 expression to promote tumor proliferation, suggesting its interest as a therapeutic target. Conclusions: Overall, we evidenced the utility of the molecular characterization of EpCAM+ CTCs from advanced ovarian cancer patients to identify biomarkers with potential applicability for disseminated disease detection and as therapeutic targets such as TIMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Abreu
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (P.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-L.); (A.A.)
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sainz
- Department of Genetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.S.)
| | | | - Alba Ferreirós
- Nasasbiotech, S.L., Canton Grande 3, 15003 A Coruña, Spain; (L.A.-A.); (A.F.)
| | - Patricia Mondelo-Macía
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (P.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-L.); (A.A.)
| | - Ramón Manuel Lago-Lestón
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (P.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-L.); (A.A.)
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (P.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-L.); (A.A.)
| | - Eva Díaz
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, C/Gómez Hemans 2, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.); (A.R.-S.)
| | | | | | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.S.)
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, C/Gómez Hemans 2, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.); (A.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.-B.); (L.M.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-787-86-00 (G.M.-B.); +34-981955073 (L.M.-R.)
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (P.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-L.); (A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.-B.); (L.M.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-787-86-00 (G.M.-B.); +34-981955073 (L.M.-R.)
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Sonego M, Poletto E, Pivetta E, Nicoloso MS, Pellicani R, Rampioni Vinciguerra GL, Citron F, Sorio R, Mongiat M, Baldassarre G. TIMP-1 is Overexpressed and Secreted by Platinum Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010006. [PMID: 31861382 PMCID: PMC7016675 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer in developed countries, and the development of new strategies to overcome chemoresistance is an awaited clinical need. Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, has been validated as a therapeutic target in this tumor type. The aim of this study is to verify if EOC cells with acquired resistance to platinum (PT) treatment display an altered angiogenic potential. Using a proteomic approach, we identified the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) as the only secreted factor whose expression was up-regulated in PT-resistant TOV-112D and OVSAHO EOC cells used as study models. We report that TIMP-1 acts as a double-edged sword in the EOC microenvironment, directly affecting the response to PT treatment on tumor cells and indirectly altering migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. Interestingly, we found that high TIMP-1 levels in stage III–IV EOC patients associate with decreased overall survival, especially if they were treated with PT or bevacizumab. Taken together, these results pinpoint TIMP-1 as a key molecule involved in the regulation of EOC PT-resistance and progression disclosing the possibility that it could be used as a new biomarker of PT-resistance and/or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Sonego
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.M.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0434-659-761 (M.S.); +39-0434-659-561 (M.M.); +39-0434-659-759 (G.B.); Fax: +39-0434-659-428 (M.S. & M.M. & G.B.)
| | - Evelina Poletto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Eliana Pivetta
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Milena S. Nicoloso
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
- Deparment of Medical Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Pellicani
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Citron
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Deparment of Medical Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.M.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0434-659-761 (M.S.); +39-0434-659-561 (M.M.); +39-0434-659-759 (G.B.); Fax: +39-0434-659-428 (M.S. & M.M. & G.B.)
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.S.N.); (R.P.); (G.L.R.V.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.M.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0434-659-761 (M.S.); +39-0434-659-561 (M.M.); +39-0434-659-759 (G.B.); Fax: +39-0434-659-428 (M.S. & M.M. & G.B.)
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12
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Zuo S, Dai G, Ren X. Identification of a 6-gene signature predicting prognosis for colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30627052 PMCID: PMC6321660 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accurate and robust gene signature is of the utmost importance in assisting oncologists to make a more accurate evaluation in clinical practice. In our study, we extracted key mRNAs significantly related to colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis and we constructed an expression-based gene signature to predict CRC patients' survival. METHODS mRNA expression profiles and clinicopathological data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cases and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas database to investigate gene expression alteration associated to the prognosis of CRC. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were detected between COAD/READ and normal tissue samples. Relying on a univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a mRNA panel signature was established and used for predicting the overall survival (OS) in CRC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prognosis performance of our model through calculating the AUC values corresponding to the 3-year and 5-year survival. To assess the performance of gene signature in the given cancer subgroups (CRC entire cohort, COAD cohort, and READ cohort), a stratified analysis was carried out according to clinical factors. RESULTS A total of 5341 and 5594 DEMs were collected from COAD vs. normal tissue samples, and READ vs. normal samples respectively. A univariate regression analysis for the common DEMs between COAD and READ cohorts resulted in 14 common mRNAs related to OS. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that 6 of these mRNAs (EPHA6, TIMP1, IRX6, ART5, HIST3H2BB, and FOXD1) had significant prognostic value allowing the discrimination between high- and low-risk patients, implying poor and good outcomes, respectively. The stratified analysis identified 6-gene signature as an independent prognostic signature in predicting CRC patients' survival. CONCLUSIONS The 6-gene signature could act as an independent biomarker for survival prediction of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Zuo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001 Henan Province China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001 Henan Province China
| | - Gongpeng Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001 Henan Province China
| | - Xuequn Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001 Henan Province China
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14
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The clinical relevance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in correlation to circulating tumor cells and other serum biomarkers in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:93-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Escalona RM, Chan E, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. The Many Facets of Metzincins and Their Endogenous Inhibitors: Perspectives on Ovarian Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E450. [PMID: 29393911 PMCID: PMC5855672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately sixty per cent of ovarian cancer patients die within the first five years of diagnosis due to recurrence associated with chemoresistance. The metzincin family of metalloproteinases is enzymes involved in matrix remodeling in response to normal physiological changes and diseased states. Recently, there has been a mounting awareness of these proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as superb modulators of cellular communication and signaling regulating key biological processes in cancer progression. This review investigates the role of metzincins and their inhibitors in ovarian cancer. We propose that understanding the metzincins and TIMP biology in ovarian cancer may provide valuable insights in combating ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance-mediated recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Escalona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Labib M, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9001-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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Electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) based on DNA-templated Ag/Pt bimetallic nanoclusters. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Coosemans A, Decoene J, Baert T, Laenen A, Kasran A, Verschuere T, Seys S, Vergote I. Immunosuppressive parameters in serum of ovarian cancer patients change during the disease course. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1111505. [PMID: 27141394 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells can escape immune control leading to cancer growth. Regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are crucial in immune escape. TAM are divided based on their immune profile, M1 are immunostimulatory while M2 are immunosuppressive. Research so far has mainly focused on the intratumoral behavior of these cells. This study, on the other hand, explored the systemic changes of the key metabolites [IL-4 (interleukin), IL-13, arginase, IL-10, VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor), CCL-2 (chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 2) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor)] linked to Treg, MDSC and TAM during the course of the disease in ovarian and fallopian tube cancer patients. Serum samples were therefore analyzed at diagnosis, after (interval)-debulking surgery and after chemotherapy (paclitaxel-carboplatin). We also determined galectin-1 (gal-1), involved in angiogenesis and tumor-mediated immune evasion. We found significantly lower levels of IL-10, VEGF-A, TGF-β and arginase and higher levels of gal-1 after chemotherapy compared to diagnosis. After debulking surgery, a decrease in IL-10 was significant. Gal-1 and CCL-2 appeared independent prognostic factors for progression-free and overall survival (OS) (multivariate analysis). These results will help us in the decision making of future therapies in order to further modulate the immune system in a positive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Coosemans
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judit Decoene
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thaïs Baert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Center of Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Kasran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Verschuere
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Seys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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Będkowska GE, Ławicki S, Gacuta E, Pawłowski P, Szmitkowski M. M-CSF in a new biomarker panel with HE4 and CA 125 in the diagnostics of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:27. [PMID: 25935153 PMCID: PMC4426179 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated plasma levels of M-CSF and conventional tumor markers (HE4 and CA 125) in epithelial ovarian cancer patients as compared to control groups: benign ovarian tumor patients (cysts) and healthy subjects. METHODS M-CSF levels were determined by ELISA, HE4 and CA 125 levels - by CMIA method. RESULTS Our results have demonstrated significant differences in the concentration levels of M-CSF, CA 125 and HE4 between the groups of ovarian cancer patients, cysts patients and the healthy controls. In the groups tested M-CSF demonstrated equal to or higher values than both CA 125 and HE4 in diagnostic sensitivity (SE), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and in the area under the ROC curve (AUC), particularly in the group with the serous epithelial sub-type of OC. Moreover, CA 125 showed better results of the aforementioned diagnostic criteria than HE4. The combined use of the parameters studied resulted in a further, significant increase in the value of the diagnostic indicators and in the value of the diagnostic power (AUC), especially in the early stages of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a high usefulness of M-CSF in diagnosing the serous sub-type of epithelial ovarian cancer and in discriminating between cancer and non-carcinoma lesions, particularly in new diagnostic panels in combination with CA 125 and HE4 for the detection of EOC in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University Białystok, Waszyngtona 15A, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gacuta
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Pawłowski
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology with Squint Treatment Unit, Medical University, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University Białystok, Waszyngtona 15A, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
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Down-regulation of TIMP-1 inhibits cell migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3957-67. [PMID: 25578494 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is clinically associated with a poor prognosis for various cancers, but the roles of TIMP-1 in lung cancer metastasis are controversial. Our previous secretomic study revealed that TIMP-1 is highly abundant in high invasiveness cells of lung adenocarcinoma. In the current study, TIMP-1 abundances in primary lung adenocarcinoma tissues, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, are significantly higher in patients with lymph invasion and distant metastasis than in those without. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggest 73.7 and 86.2 % accuracy to separate patients with lymph node and distant metastasis and those without, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the expression level of TIMP-1 positively associates with cell mobility, invasiveness, and metastatic colonization. Most notably, the novel mechanism in which TIMP-1 facilitates metastatic colonization through the mediation of pericellular polyFN1 assembly was revealed. In summary, this study presents novel functions of TIMP-1 in promoting cancer metastasis and suggests TIMP-1 is a potential tissue biomarker for lymph invasion and distant metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Prognostic significance of pretreatment VEGF, survivin, and Smac/DIABLO serum levels in patients with serous ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4157-65. [PMID: 25577253 PMCID: PMC4529473 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac/DIABLO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and survivin are known to play a significant role in the growth and development of numerous tumors. Serum concentrations of VEGF, survivin, and Smac/DIABLO were analyzed in 92 patients with serous ovarian cancer and 94 healthy controls. Values were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes. The median pretreatment serum VEGF and survivin levels in patients with serous ovarian carcinoma were significantly higher, while Smac/DIABLO levels were significantly lower than that in healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the best cutoff point for VEGF was determined to be 345 pg/ml; with 83 % sensitivity and 65 % specificity. For survivin, the cutoff point was 110 pg/ml and for Smac/DIABLO was 75 pg/ml, with 82 and 62 % sensitivity and 43 and 87 % specificity, respectively. In the patients group, higher VEGF and survivin levels and lower Smac/DIABLO levels in sera were significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Preoperative measurement of serum VEGF, survivin, and Smac/DIABLO may be of help in early detection of serous ovarian cancer and may provide important information about the patient's outcome and prognosis.
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22
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Lv Z, Wang K, Zhang X. A new electrochemical aptasensor for the analysis of the vascular endothelial growth factor. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2014; 35:233-40. [PMID: 24654820 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2013.841194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mitogen and important regulator of angiogenesis by activation the VEGF-receptor tyrosine kinases in endothelial cells. VEGF finds growing interest as a therapeutic target, and its analytical detection has important implications as biomarker for different clinical disorders. Herein, we propose a new strategy to fabricate elegant electrochemical aptasensors, and this strategy has been employed to develop a biosensor for the assay of the concentration of VEGF. In our strategy, an electroactive probe, hemin, is not covalently modified at the end of the oligonucleotide. The method was simple and economical, allowing monitoring of VEGF to low concentrations of 1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwu Lv
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
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23
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Lawicki S, Będkowska GE, Gacuta-Szumarska E, Szmitkowski M. The plasma concentration of VEGF, HE4 and CA125 as a new biomarkers panel in different stages and sub-types of epithelial ovarian tumors. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:45. [PMID: 23819707 PMCID: PMC3706238 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background VEGF may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer disease, for example in cell growth, proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated plasma levels of this cytokine in comparison to plasma levels of a new biomarker - HE4 and the established tumor marker CA125 in ovarian cancer patients (100) as compared to control groups: patients with a benign ovarian tumor (80) and healthy subjects (50). Methods Plasma levels of VEGF were determined by ELISA, HE4 and CA125 by CMIA method. Results The results showed that levels of VEGF, CA125 and HE4 were significantly higher in ovarian cancer (OC) patients as compared to the both control groups. VEGF has demonstrated as high as comparative markers values of the diagnostic sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), the predictive values of positive and negative test results (PV-PR, PV-NR), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) in early stages of cancer tested groups. The combined use of parameters studied resulted in the increase in the diagnostic criteria values and the AUC. Conclusions These findings suggest the usefulness of VEGF in the early diagnostics of ovarian cancer, especially in combination with CA125 and HE4, as a new biomarkers panel. Additionally, VEGF is the most useful tool in the diagnostics of locally advanced ovarian cancer without metastases. Investigated cytokine presented similar to HE4 usefulness in differentiation of OC according to its histopathlogical sub-type, and could be used especially in the diagnostics of endometrioid epithelial OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Lawicki
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University Białystok, Waszyngtona 15A, Białystok 15-269, Poland.
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Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of complement impairs endothelial cell function and ablates ovarian cancer neovascularization. Neoplasia 2013; 14:994-1004. [PMID: 23226093 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement activation plays a critical role in controlling inflammatory responses. To assess the role of complement during ovarian cancer progression, we crossed two strains of mice with genetic complement deficiencies with transgenic mice that develop epithelial ovarian cancer (TgMISIIR-TAg). TgMISIIR-TAg mice fully or partially deficient for complement factor 3 (C3) (Tg(+)C3(KO) and Tg(+)C3(HET), respectively) or fully deficient for complement factor C5a receptor (C5aR) (Tg(+)C5aR(KO)) develop either no ovarian tumors or tumors that were small and poorly vascularized compared to wild-type littermates (Tg(+)C3(WT), Tg(+)C5aR(WT)). The percentage of tumor infiltrating immune cells in Tg(+)C3(HET) tumors compared to Tg(+)C3(WT) controls was either similar (macrophages, B cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells), elevated (effector T cells), or decreased (regulatory T cells). Regardless of these ratios, cytokine production by immune cells taken from Tg(+)C3(HET) tumors was reduced on stimulation compared to Tg(+)C3(WT) controls. Interestingly, CD31(+) endothelial cell (EC) function in angiogenesis was significantly impaired in both C3(KO) and C5aR(KO) mice. Further, using the C5aR antagonist PMX53, tube formation of ECs was shown to be C5a-dependent, possibly through interactions with the VEGF(165) but not VEGF(121) isoform. Finally, the mouse VEGF(164) transcript was underexpressed in C3(KO) livers compare to C3(WT) livers. Thus, we conclude that complement inhibition blocks tumor outgrowth by altering EC function and VEGF(165) expression.
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Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by a self-therapeutic nanoparticle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6700-5. [PMID: 23569259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214547110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although biomedical applications of nanotechnology, which typically involve functionalized nanoparticles, have taken significant strides, biological characterization of unmodified nanoparticles remains underinvestigated. Herein we demonstrate that unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in a size- and concentration-dependent manner by abrogating MAPK-signaling. In addition, these AuNPs reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells by reducing secretion of a number of proteins involved in EMT, up-regulating E-Cadherin, and down-regulating Snail, N-Cadherin, and Vimentin. Inhibition of MAPK signaling and reversal of EMT upon AuNP treatment inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in two separate orthotopic models of ovarian cancer. Western blot analyses of tumor tissues reveal up-regulation of E-Cadherin and down-regulation of Snail and phospho-MAPK, confirming the reversal of EMT and inhibition of MAPK signaling upon AuNP treatment. The ability of a single self-therapeutic nanoparticle to abrogate signaling cascades of multiple growth factors is distinctive and purports possible medical applications as potential antitumor and antimetastatic agent.
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Mahner S, Eulenburg C, Staehle A, Wegscheider K, Reuss A, Pujade-Lauraine E, Harter P, Ray-Coquard I, Pfisterer J, du Bois A. Prognostic impact of the time interval between surgery and chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: Analysis of prospective randomised phase III trials. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yu L, Deng L, Li J, Zhang Y, Hu L. The prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 128:391-6. [PMID: 23142075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovarian cancer remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between VEGF overexpression and survival outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS Studies were identified from PubMed and EMBASE searches performed on January 2nd, 2011. After careful review, survival data were extracted from eligible studies. A meta-analysis was performed to generate combined hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in serum and tumor tissue studies. RESULTS Sixteen studies with 1111 patients were analyzed. Elevated serum VEGF was significantly associated with poor PFS [HR 2.46, 95% CI (1.84, 3.29)] and OS [HR 2.21, 95% CI (1.57, 3.13)]. No significant heterogeneity existed in serum studies. Similarly, tissue VEGF overexpression was associated with poor PFS [HR 1.63, 95% CI (1.09, 2.42)] and OS [HR 1.70, 95% CI (1.01, 2.87)]. However, significant heterogeneity was found in tissue studies, with I(2) of 44% for PFS and 64% for OS. Studies were stratified into subgroups by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages. Subgroup analyses showed that high tissue VEGF was significantly associated with shorter PFS [HR 5.34, 95% CI (1.95, 14.59)] and OS [HR 6.13, 95% CI (2.47, 15.26)] in studies where predominantly early-stage patients were included, but not in studies with a majority of advanced-stage patients. Subgroup analysis was not performed in serum studies because all those studies enrolled more patients in advanced stages than early stages. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of VEGF in primary tumor and serum associates with poor PFS and OS for patients with ovarian cancer. The association between high tissue VEGF level and poor prognosis exists in early stage patients, but not in advanced stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Ultrasonics/Gynecological Oncology Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Heitz F, Harter P, Barinoff J, Beutel B, Kannisto P, Grabowski JP, Heitz J, Kurzeder C, du Bois A. Bevacizumab in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Adv Ther 2012; 29:723-35. [PMID: 22941523 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-012-0041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past decade there have been many attempts to improve systemic treatment and thus the outcome of patients with ovarian cancer. However, neither the sequential addition of non cross-resistant drugs to standard chemotherapy comprising carboplatin and paclitaxel, nor triplet combination therapies with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have improved outcomes. Instead, such approaches have led to an increase in the incidence of side effects. We are currently experiencing a shift toward the addition of molecularly targeted and biological anticancer therapies to standard treatment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which improves vitally important tumor vasculature, is secreted by a range of tumors, and a high level of VEGF is known to be an independent risk factor for aggressive disease in ovarian cancer. This finding led to the development in the 1990s of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF. DISCUSSION Several phase II trials and four phase III trials have demonstrated that bevacizumab is active in patients with advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. Both phase III trials of bevacizumab as first-line therapy in advanced ovarian cancer (ICON 7/AGOOVAR 11 and GOG-0218) have shown that the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy and as maintenance therapy improves progressionfree survival (PFS). The phase III trials in platinum-sensitive (OCEANS) and platinumresistant, relapsed disease (AURELIA) have also demonstrated a benefit for bevazicumab with respect to PFS. The administration of bevacizumab to improve survival in patients with ovarian cancer is not without side effects and a broad discussion on the cost-effectiveness of this approach is ongoing. CONCLUSION This article presents clinical trial data on bevacizumab in the treatment of ovarian cancer and discusses the indication and pitfalls in the application of bevacizumab in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evangelische Huyssen-Stiftung, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany.
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Alsaif M, Guest PC, Schwarz E, Reif A, Kittel-Schneider S, Spain M, Rahmoune H, Bahn S. Analysis of serum and plasma identifies differences in molecular coverage, measurement variability, and candidate biomarker selection. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:297-303. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtada Alsaif
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Paul C. Guest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Würzburg; Germany
| | | | | | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Neuroscience; Erasmus Medical Centre; Rotterdam Netherlands
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Bandiera E, Franceschini R, Specchia C, Bignotti E, Trevisiol C, Gion M, Pecorelli S, Santin AD, Ravaggi A. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor serum determination in women with ovarian cancer. ISRN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 2012:245756. [PMID: 22792477 PMCID: PMC3390037 DOI: 10.5402/2012/245756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. We performed a review of the literature to elucidate the potential prognostic significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF) levels in ovarian cancer. Methods. Eligible studies in English and Italian were identified in MEDLINE/PubMed from VEGF discovery to October 2011. All studies evaluating: (i) sVEGF levels before any surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment; (ii) the association between sVEGF levels and the established prognostic variables; (iii) the value of sVEGF levels in predicting patients' outcomes, were selected for this review. Results. The search resulted in 758 titles. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A statistically significant association between the level of sVEGF and FIGO stage, tumour grade, residual tumour size, lymph node involvement, and presence of ascites was found in at least one study. sVEGF, in comparison with the established prognostic factors, appears to be the best prognostic marker for overall survival, since it stands out as an independent prognostic factor in most of the studies considered. Moreover, sVEGF levels were shown to be independent prognostic factors by 2 out of the 3 studies that considered DFS as an end point. Conclusion. High levels of sVEGF identify a subgroup of patients with higher risk of death and/or recurrence. These patients should be eligible for individually tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bandiera
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, “Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Franceschini
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Regional Center for Biomarkers, Azienda ULSS 12, 30122 Venice, Italy
| | - Claudia Specchia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Medical Statistics Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, “Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gion
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Regional Center for Biomarkers, Azienda ULSS 12, 30122 Venice, Italy
| | - Sergio Pecorelli
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, “Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Davide Santin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, “Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Müller V, Riethdorf S, Rack B, Janni W, Fasching PA, Solomayer E, Aktas B, Kasimir-Bauer S, Zeitz J, Pantel K, Fehm T. Prospective evaluation of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and carbonic anhydrase IX in correlation to circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R71. [PMID: 21745383 PMCID: PMC3236335 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) reflect aggressive tumor behavior by hematogenous tumor cell dissemination. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) plays a role in tissue invasion and is also involved in angiogenesis, abrogation of apoptosis and in chemoresistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a metalloenzyme involved in cell adhesion, growth and survival of tumor cells. The aim of the study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of TIMP-1 and CAIX are associated with the detection of CTC in metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Blood was obtained in a prospective multicenter setting from 253 patients with metastatic breast cancer at the time of disease progression. Serum TIMP-1 and CAIX were determined using commercial ELISA-kits (Oncogene Science). CTC were detected with the CellSearch system (Veridex). RESULTS Five or more CTCs were detected in 122 patients out of 245 evaluable patients (49.8%). Out of 253 metastatic patients 70 (28%) had serum TIMP-1 levels above 454 ng/mL. Serum CAIX was elevated above 506 ng/mL in 90 (35%) patients. Both serum markers had prognostic significance. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months with elevated TIMP-1 vs. 11.4 months with non-elevated levels (p < 0.01). OS was 11.5 vs. 19.1 months (p < 0.01). Median PFS was 7.5 months with elevated CAIX vs. 11.7 months with non-elevated levels (p < 0.01), overall survival (OS) was 13.4 months vs. 19.1 months (p < 0.01). In patients with five or more CTCs, serum levels were above the cut-off for CAIX in 47% vs. 25% in those with less than five CTCs (p = 0.01). For TIMP-1, 37% patients with five or more CTCs had elevated serum levels and 17% of patients with less than five CTCs (p = 0.01). Including TIMP-1, CAIX, CTC and established prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis, the presence of CTCs, the therapy line and elevated CAIX remained independent predictors of OS. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum levels of the invasion markers TIMP-1 and CAIX in metastatic breast cancer are prognostic markers and are associated with the presence of CTCs. Whether increased secretion of TIMP-1 and/or CAIX might directly contribute to tumor cell dissemination remains to be elucidated in further investigations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN59722891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20241 Hamburg, Germany
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Zhao S, Yang W, Lai RY. A folding-based electrochemical aptasensor for detection of vascular endothelial growth factor in human whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2442-7. [PMID: 21081271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a folding-based electrochemical DNA aptasensor for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) directly in complex biological samples, including blood serum and whole blood. The electrochemical signal generation is coupled to a large, target-induced conformational change in a methylene blue-modified and surface immobilized anti-VEGF aptamer. The sensor is sensitive, selective and essentially reagentless: we can readily detect VEGF down to 5 pM (190 pg/mL) directly in 50% blood serum. Similar to other aptasensors of this class, the VEGF sensor is also regenerable and reusable. In addition, the sensor performs comparably well even when fabricated on a gold-plated screen-printed carbon electrode and can potentially be implemented as a cost-effective, single-use biosensor for diseases diagnosis and therapy monitoring. The exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability of this electrochemical aptasensor platform suggest it may be a promising strategy for a wide variety of sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
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