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GAO M, LAI K, LU Z, LIU Y, LI N, GENG Q. [Research Progress of the Effect of Mediterranean Diet on the Correlation of Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:299-305. [PMID: 38769833 PMCID: PMC11110241 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.106.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the top 10 causes of death in the world today, and it is a great concern worldwide for its high mortality rate. Currently, the researchers are digging into various factors influencing the occurrence and development of lung cancer in order to increase the odds for curing lung cancer, improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients as well as reduce its morbidity. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a special dietary structure that is based on eating vegetables, fruits, coarse grains, legumes and low-fat fish, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. Recent studies have revealed that the MD may prevent lung cancer occurrence to some extent and inhibit its development. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and analytically discuss the effects of the MD on the oncogenesis and development of lung cancer through a review of the relevant literatures, thus to provide references for MD to prevent and treat lung cancer.
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Myneni AA, Giovino GA, Millen AE, LaMonte MJ, Wactawski-Wende J, Neuhouser ML, Zhao J, Shikany JM, Mu L. Indices of Diet Quality and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:1618-1627. [PMID: 33982106 PMCID: PMC8243815 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective evidence on associations between diet quality indices and lung cancer risk is limited, particularly among older women. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between 4 diet quality indices [Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)] and lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. METHODS Postmenopausal women aged 50-79 y at baseline (1993-1998) self reported their diet intake and information on relevant covariates. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs after controlling for age, smoking, and other relevant covariates. RESULTS During ∼17 y of follow-up among 86,090 participants, 1491 lung cancer cases and 1393 lung cancer deaths were documented. Dietary indices were not associated with overall lung cancer incidence but were protective against squamous cell carcinoma (12.8% of total lung cancer) cases (HEI-2015: HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96; AHEI-2010: HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98; aMED: HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99; DASH: HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98). Among the indices, only HEI-2015 showed an inverse trend (P-trend = 0.02) with overall lung cancer mortality. Smoking status or participant age at baseline did not modify the association between dietary indices and lung cancer incidence or mortality. CONCLUSIONS After comprehensive control of smoking exposure, we found that diet quality was not associated with overall lung cancer among postmenopausal women. However, a high-quality diet was inversely related to incident lung cancer of the squamous cell subtype. Future studies in populations with diverse age, smoking history, and dietary intake may further elucidate the relation between diet quality indices and lung cancer, especially by histological subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay A Myneni
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of
Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York
(SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gary A Giovino
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of
Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York
(SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of
Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York
(SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of
Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York
(SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of
Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York
(SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiwei Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of
Medicine and Public Health, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Address correspondence to LM (e-mail: )
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Yu EYW, Wesselius A, Mehrkanoon S, Goosens M, Brinkman M, van den Brandt P, Grant EJ, White E, Weiderpass E, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I, Riboli E, Tjonneland A, Masala G, Giles GG, Milne RL, Zeegers MP. Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study. BMC Med 2021; 19:56. [PMID: 33685459 PMCID: PMC7942172 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a potential inverse association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk has been reported, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This research aimed to elucidate the association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk by conducting a pooled analysis of data from prospective cohort studies. METHODS Vegetable intake in relation to bladder cancer risk was examined by pooling individual-level data from 13 cohort studies, comprising 3203 cases among a total of 555,685 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by cohort for intakes of total vegetable, vegetable subtypes (i.e. non-starchy, starchy, green leafy and cruciferous vegetables) and individual vegetable types. In addition, a diet diversity score was used to assess the association of the varied types of vegetable intake on bladder cancer risk. RESULTS The association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk differed by sex (P-interaction = 0.011) and smoking status (P-interaction = 0.038); therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking status. With adjustment of age, sex, smoking, energy intake, ethnicity and other potential dietary factors, we found that higher intake of total and non-starchy vegetables were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among women (comparing the highest with lowest intake tertile: HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.98, P = 0.037 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81-0.99; HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97, P = 0.034 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98, respectively). However, no evidence of association was observed among men, and the intake of vegetable was not found to be associated with bladder cancer when stratified by smoking status. Moreover, we found no evidence of association for diet diversity with bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of total and non-starchy vegetable are associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer for women. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these results reflect causal processes and potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yi-Wen Yu
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Siamak Mehrkanoon
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Goosens
- Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Studies and Nutritional Epidemiology, Nutrition Biomed Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Piet van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Grant
- Department of Epidemiology Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Tjonneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Li B, Zhou D, Li S, Feng Y, Li X, Chang W, Zhang J, Sun Y, Qing D, Chen G, Li N. Licochalcone A reverses NNK-induced ectopic miRNA expression to elicit in vitro and in vivo chemopreventive effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153245. [PMID: 32505917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoprevention is the best cost-effective way regarding cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be differentially expressed during the development of lung cancer. However, if lung cancer prevention can be achieved through modulating miRNAs expression so far remains unknown. PURPOSE To discover ectopically expressed miRNAs in NNK-induced lung cancer and clarify whether Licochalcone A (lico A) can prevent NNK-induced lung cancer by modulating miRNA expression. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A/J mice were used to construct a lung cancer model by intraperitoneal injection with physiological saline NNK (100 mg/kg). Chemopreventive effects of lico A against lung cancer at 2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses were evaluated in vivo. MicroRNA array and RT-qPCR were used to assess the expression levels of miRNAs. MLE-12 cells were treated with 0.1 mg/ml NNK, stimulating the ectopic expression pattern of miR-144-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-29c-3p, let-7d-3p, and miR-328-3p. miR-144-3p mimics and inhibitors were used to manipulate miR-144-3p levels. The effects of lico A (10 μM) on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and the expression of CK19, RASA1, miR-144-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-29c-3p, let-7d-3p, and miR-328-3p in NNK-treated MLE-12 cells were studied. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-144-3p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-29c-3p increased, while those of let-7d-3p and miR-328-3p decreased in both NNK-induced A/J mice and MLE-12 cells. Lico A could reverse the NNK-induced ectopic miRNA (miR-144-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-29c-3p, let-7d-3p, and miR-328-3p) expression both in vivo and in vitro and elicit in vivo lung cancer chemopreventive effect against NNK. In MLE-12 cells, the overexpression of miR-144-3p elicited the same effect as NNK regarding the expression of lung cancer biomarker CK19; the silencing of miR-144-3p reversed the effect of NNK on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Lico A could reverse the effect of NNK on the expression of miR-144-3p, CK19, and RASA1 (predicted target of miR-144-3p). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that miR-144-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-29c-3p, let-7d-3p, and miR-328-3p were involved in the in vivo pathogenesis of NNK-induced lung cancer, and lico A could reverse the effect of NNK both in vivo and in vitro to elicit lung cancer chemopreventive effects through, at least partially, these five ectopically expressed miRNAs, especially miR-144-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Physical Education College, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Yu Sun
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Degang Qing
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.
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Martelli A, Citi V, Testai L, Brogi S, Calderone V. Organic Isothiocyanates as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:110-144. [PMID: 31588780 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the "new entry" in the series of endogenous gasotransmitters, plays a fundamental role in regulating the biological functions of various organs and systems. Consequently, the lack of adequate levels of H2S may represent the etiopathogenetic factor of multiple pathological alterations. In these diseases, the use of H2S donors represents a precious and innovative opportunity. Recent Advances: Natural isothiocyanates (ITCs), sulfur compounds typical of some botanical species, have long been investigated because of their intriguing pharmacological profile. Recently, the ITC moiety has been proposed as a new H2S-donor chemotype (with a l-cysteine-mediated reaction). Based on this recent discovery, we can clearly observe that almost all the effects of natural ITCs can be explained by the H2S release. Consistently, the ITC function was also used as an original H2S-releasing moiety for the design of synthetic H2S donors and original "pharmacological hybrids." Very recently, the chemical mechanism of H2S release, resulting from the reaction between l-cysteine and some ITCs, has been elucidated. Critical Issues: Available literature gives convincing demonstration that H2S is the real player in ITC pharmacology. Further, countless studies have been carried out on natural ITCs, but this versatile moiety has been used only rarely for the design of synthetic H2S donors with optimal drug-like properties. Future Directions: The development of more ITC-based synthetic H2S donors with optimal drug-like properties and selectivity toward specific tissues/pathologies seem to represent a stimulating and indispensable prospect of future experimental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of "Ageing Biology and Pathology," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of "Ageing Biology and Pathology," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of "Ageing Biology and Pathology," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mitsiogianni M, Koutsidis G, Mavroudis N, Trafalis DT, Botaitis S, Franco R, Zoumpourlis V, Amery T, Galanis A, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. The Role of Isothiocyanates as Cancer Chemo-Preventive, Chemo-Therapeutic and Anti-Melanoma Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E106. [PMID: 31003534 PMCID: PMC6523696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown evidence in support of the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in preventing chronic diseases, including cancer. Among such phytochemicals, sulphur-containing compounds (e.g., isothiocyanates (ITCs)) have raised scientific interest by exerting unique chemo-preventive properties against cancer pathogenesis. ITCs are the major biologically active compounds capable of mediating the anticancer effect of cruciferous vegetables. Recently, many studies have shown that a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of developing various forms of cancers primarily due to a plurality of effects, including (i) metabolic activation and detoxification, (ii) inflammation, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) metastasis and (v) regulation of the epigenetic machinery. In the context of human malignant melanoma, a number of studies suggest that ITCs can cause cell cycle growth arrest and also induce apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells. On such basis, ITCs could serve as promising chemo-therapeutic agents that could be used in the clinical setting to potentiate the efficacy of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Georgios Koutsidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Nikos Mavroudis
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotiris Botaitis
- Second Department of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Vasilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watrercress Company / The Wasabi Company, Waddock, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8QY, UK.
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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8
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Rahim MA, Afrin KS, Jung HJ, Kim HT, Park JI, Hur Y, Nou IS. Molecular analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes reveal BoTT8 associated with purple hypocotyl of broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Genome 2019; 62:253-266. [PMID: 30807237 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) is a highly nutritious vegetable that typically forms pure green or purple florets. However, green broccoli florets sometimes accumulate slight purplish pigmentation in response environmental factors, decreasing their market value. In the present study, we aimed to develop molecular markers to distinguish broccoli genotypes as pure green or purplish floret color at the early seedling stage. Anthocyanins are known to be involved in the purple pigmentation in plants. The purplish broccoli lines were shown to accumulate purple pigmentation in the hypocotyls of very young seedlings; therefore, the expression profiles of the structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis were analyzed in the hypocotyls using qRT-PCR. BoPAL, BoDFR, BoMYB114, BoTT8, BoMYC1.1, BoMYC1.2, and BoTTG1 were identified as putative candidate genes responsible for the purple hypocotyl color. BoTT8 was much more highly expressed in the purple than green hypocotyls; therefore, it was cloned and sequenced from various broccoli lines, revealing SNP and InDel variations between these genotypes. We tested four SNPs (G > A; A > T; G > C; T > G) in the first three exons and a 14-bp InDel (ATATTTATATATAT) in the BoTT8 promoter in 51 broccoli genotypes, and we found these genetic variations could distinguish the green lines, purple lines, and F1 hybrids. These novel molecular markers could be useful in broccoli breeding programs to develop a true green or purple broccoli cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rahim
- a Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.,b Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Khandker Shazia Afrin
- a Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jung
- a Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- a Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- a Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- c Department of Biology, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- a Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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9
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Cruciferous vegetables and colorectal cancer risk: a hospital-based matched case-control study in Northeast China. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:450-457. [PMID: 30323175 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Conflicting results have been reported on the association of cruciferous vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk. This study aimed to clarify the relationship of cruciferous vegetables and colorectal cancer among individuals in Northeast China, where large amounts of cruciferous vegetables are consumed habitually. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in the First Hospital of China Medical University, the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and the First Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 2009 to 2011. Patients in the study were matched individually by age, gender, and city of residence. The study ultimately included 833 case-control pairs. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on general characteristics, dietary habits, and selected dietary intake. Differences between cases and controls were ascertained with the chi-square test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Unconditional logistic regression was employed to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Stratified analyses were conducted by gender. RESULTS In the total study cohort, no significant association was found between total cruciferous vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk. The adjusted OR for the highest versus the lowest intake was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.59-1.18). In stratification analyses by gender, reduced colorectal cancer risk was related to higher consumption of total cruciferous vegetables in women but not in men. Significant inverse correlations were found in analyses of individual cruciferous vegetables, including greens (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32-0.68), cabbage (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.86), and cauliflower (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.48-0.92). CONCLUSIONS No significant association was found between total cruciferous vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk. However, specific types of cruciferous vegetables might have protective roles against colorectal cancer.
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Avio L, Turrini A, Giovannetti M, Sbrana C. Designing the Ideotype Mycorrhizal Symbionts for the Production of Healthy Food. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1089. [PMID: 30154803 PMCID: PMC6102486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The new paradigm in agriculture, sustainable intensification, is focusing back onto beneficial soil microorganisms, for the role played in reducing the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and improving plant nutrition and health. Worldwide, more and more attention is deserved to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which establish symbioses with the roots of most land plants and facilitate plant nutrient uptake, by means of a large network of extraradical hyphae spreading from colonized roots to the surrounding soil and functioning as a supplementary absorbing system. AMF protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses and are able to modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, phytoestrogens and carotenoids, that play a fundamental role in promoting human health. An increasing number of studies focused on the use of AMF symbionts for the production of functional food, with enhanced nutritional and nutraceutical value. Yet, while several plant species were investigated, only few AMF were utilized, thus limiting the full exploitation of their wide physiological and genetic diversity. Here, we will focus on AMF effects on the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites with health-promoting activity, and on the criteria for a finely tuned, targeted selection of the best performing symbionts, to be utilized as sustainable biotechnological tools for the production of safe and healthy plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Avio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiana Sbrana
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, C.N.R., UOS Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Zhang Z, Bergan R, Shannon J, Slatore CG, Bobe G, Takata Y. The Role of Cruciferous Vegetables and Isothiocyanates for Lung Cancer Prevention: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700936. [PMID: 29663679 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although smoking and air pollution exposure are primary risk factors of lung cancer, diet has also been reported to contribute to lung cancer risk. Cruciferous vegetables contain many bioactive compounds that alter the detoxification process of air-borne carcinogenic compounds and, thereby, may decrease lung cancer risk. In the meta-analysis of 31 observational studies, cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with lung cancer risk (summary odds ratio/relative risk = 0.81 and 95% confidence interval = 0.74-0.89 for comparing the highest with lowest intake categories). More observational studies need to measure urinary isothiocyanate (ITC) concentrations and investigate their association with lung cancer risk in populations with relatively high intake of cruciferous vegetables. Current evidence is limited to two phase 2 clinical trials with incomplete reporting. Hence, more short-term clinical phase 2 trials need to examine effects of various amounts and types of cruciferous vegetables on biomarkers of risk and efficacy before a large phase 3 trial can be conducted to assess effects upon lung cancer risk. This would help further elucidate whether the inverse association observed with self-reported cruciferous vegetable intake is indeed due to ITC content or other bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christopher G Slatore
- Health Services Research & Development and Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Medicine and Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yumie Takata
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, School of Biological and Population Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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12
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McManus H, Moysich KB, Tang L, Joseph J, McCann SE. Usual Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption and Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:678-683. [PMID: 29693426 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1464346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, primarily due to diagnosis at late stages. Therefore, identification of modifiable risk factors for this disease is warranted. Using the Patient Epidemiology Data System (PEDS), collected from 1981 to 1998 at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, we conducted a hospital-based, case-control analysis of self-reported cruciferous vegetable intake and ovarian cancer among 675 women with primary, incident ovarian cancer, and 1275 without cancer. Cruciferous vegetable intake was queried using a 44-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking status, parity, family history of ovarian cancer, total fruit consumption, total meat consumption, and total noncruciferous vegetable consumption. We observed a significant inverse association for women with highest vs. lowest intakes of total vegetables (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.46-0.92), cooked cauliflower (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.67-0.99), and cooked greens (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.86) and an inverse, dose-dependent association between cooked cruciferous vegetables intake and ovarian cancer (for each additional ten servings per month, OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76-0.96). These findings suggest that a diet that includes cruciferous vegetables could be an important modifiable risk factor for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie McManus
- a Science Research Program, Horace Greeley High School , Chappaqua , New York , USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- b Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Li Tang
- b Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Janine Joseph
- b Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Susan E McCann
- b Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , New York , USA
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13
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Guo T, Liu C, Gao Z, He Y. [Study on Effects and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits
in Preventing and Treating Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:841-846. [PMID: 29277184 PMCID: PMC5973392 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.12.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
无论是在全球还是我国,肺癌都是严重危害人类健康的恶性肿瘤。研究表明肺癌与环境因素以及生活方式密切相关,流行病学发现多吃蔬菜水果可以预防肺癌。蔬菜水果中含有丰富的植物化学物质,如异硫氰酸酯类、吲哚类、黄酮类等。这些植物化学物质通过调节与抗肿瘤相关的通路从而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,降低肺癌发生的危险性。本文旨在对蔬菜水果中的植物化学物质在肺癌发生发展中的作用机制进行综述,为更好地预防和治疗肺癌提供理论依据与方向。
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province,
Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Congmin Liu
- Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province,
Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gao
- Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province,
Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yutong He
- Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province,
Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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Metabolic profiling of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products in a germplasm collection of Brassica rapa turnips. Food Res Int 2017; 100:392-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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La Barbera G, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Samperi R, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Laganà A. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of phytochemicals in vegetal-derived food and beverages. Food Res Int 2017; 100:28-52. [PMID: 28873689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent years witnessed a change in the perception of nutrition. Diet does not only provide nutrients to meet the metabolic requirements of the body, but it also constitutes an active way for the consumption of compounds beneficial for human health. Fruit and vegetables are an excellent source of such compounds, thus the growing interest in characterizing phytochemical sources, structures and activities. Given the interest for phytochemicals in food, the development of advanced and suitable analytical techniques for their identification is fundamental for the advancement of food research. In this review, the state of the art of phytochemical research in food plants is described, starting from sample preparation, throughout extract clean-up and compound separation techniques, to the final analysis, considering both qualitative and quantitative investigations. In this regard, from an analytical point of view, fruit and vegetable extracts are complex matrices, which greatly benefit from the use of modern hyphenated techniques, in particular from the combination of high performance liquid chromatography separation and high resolution mass spectrometry, powerful tools which are being increasingly used in the recent years. Therefore, selected applications to real samples are presented and discussed, in particular for the analysis of phenols, polyphenols and phenolic acids. Finally, some hot points are discussed, such as waste characterization for high value-compounds recovery and the untargeted metabolomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia La Barbera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Pan JH, Abernathy B, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Kim JH, Shin EC, Kim JK. Cruciferous vegetables and colorectal cancer prevention through microRNA regulation: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2026-2038. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Pan
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Breann Abernathy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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17
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Wirth MD, Murphy EA, Hurley TG, Hébert JR. Effect of Cruciferous Vegetable Intake on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: Differences by Breast Cancer Status. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:277-287. [PMID: 28272911 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1289218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This post hoc analysis examined cruciferous vegetable intake on urinary oxidative metabolites in postmenopausal women. Intervention participants (n = 69) received cruciferous vegetables (≥14 cups/week) during a 3-week period. First morning urine measured 8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Dietary intake was estimated using 24-h recalls. When stratified by history of breast cancer, those with breast cancer had significantly lower post-intervention urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine values in the intervention arm versus. the control arm (1.1 ng/mL vs. 3.2 ng/mL, p = .01) after adjustment for baseline 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. This was not observed in those without breast cancer. Further work is needed to understand the role of breast cancer in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,c Connecting Health Innovation, LLC , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - E Angela Murphy
- d Department of Pathology , Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - Thomas G Hurley
- c Connecting Health Innovation, LLC , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - James R Hébert
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,c Connecting Health Innovation, LLC , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
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18
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Ha TJ, Lee MH, Seo WD, Baek IY, Kang JE, Lee JH. Changes occurring in nutritional components (phytochemicals and free amino acid) of raw and sprouted seeds of white and black sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) and screening of their antioxidant activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:71-78. [PMID: 30263512 PMCID: PMC6049474 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is the first to investigate the germination properties regarding phytochemicals, amino acids, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacities of white and black sesame seeds. Nutritional components and antioxidant effects showed considerable differences. Sesamine and sesamolin composition decreased (white: 4.21→1.72, 3.57→1.57 mg/g; black: 2.43→0.58, 1.36→0.45 mg/g) during germination. Moreover, catechin displayed the predominant composition in sprouted seeds with values of 13.50 mg/g (white) and 19.09 (black) mg/g followed by (-)-epicatechin and sinapic acid. Total phenolics increased by approximately 4 times upon germination, i.e., 503.1±27.1→ 2085.0±56.7 (white) and 645.8±31.5→2480.1±49.5 (black), mg GAE/g. Amino acids also remarkably increased in sprouted white (7.04→31.69mg/g) and black (6.55→26.97mg/g) seeds, with individual composition occurring in the following order: asparagine>arginine>tryptophan>leucine>alanine. In particular, arginine and tryptophan exhibited the greatest variations. The antioxidant effects against DPPH radical were stronger in sprouted seeds depending on the phytochemicals. Therefore, sprouted sesame can be utilized as an excellent source for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Joung Ha
- Division of R&D Performance Evaluation & Management, Research Policy Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54875 Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Lee
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Gyeongnam, 50426 Korea
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54875 Korea
| | - In-Youl Baek
- Division of R&D Performance Evaluation & Management, Research Policy Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54875 Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kang
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111 Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111 Korea
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Hanschen FS, Klopsch R, Oliviero T, Schreiner M, Verkerk R, Dekker M. Optimizing isothiocyanate formation during enzymatic glucosinolate breakdown by adjusting pH value, temperature and dilution in Brassica vegetables and Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40807. [PMID: 28094342 PMCID: PMC5240131 DOI: 10.1038/srep40807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of glucosinolate-rich Brassicales vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of cancer with enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates playing a key role. However, formation of health-promoting isothiocyanates is inhibited by the epithiospecifier protein in favour of nitriles and epithionitriles. Domestic processing conditions, such as changes in pH value, temperature or dilution, might also affect isothiocyanate formation. Therefore, the influences of these three factors were evaluated in accessions of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Mathematical modelling was performed to determine optimal isothiocyanate formation conditions and to obtain knowledge on the kinetics of the reactions. At 22 °C and endogenous plant pH, nearly all investigated plants formed nitriles and epithionitriles instead of health-promoting isothiocyanates. Response surface models, however, clearly demonstrated that upon change in pH to domestic acidic (pH 4) or basic pH values (pH 8), isothiocyanate formation considerably increases. While temperature also affects this process, the pH value has the greatest impact. Further, a kinetic model showed that isothiocyanate formation strongly increases due to dilution. Finally, the results show that isothiocyanate intake can be strongly increased by optimizing the conditions of preparation of Brassicales vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hanschen
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Rebecca Klopsch
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Teresa Oliviero
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Ruud Verkerk
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wu F, Koenig KL, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Jonas S, Afanasyeva Y, Wójcik OP, Costa M, Chen Y. Serum Taurine and Stroke Risk in Women: A Prospective, Nested Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149348. [PMID: 26866594 PMCID: PMC4750934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a conditionally essential sulfur-containing amino acid, is mainly obtained from diet in humans. Experimental studies have shown that taurine's main biological actions include bile salt conjugation, blood pressure regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study nested in the New York University Women's Health Study, a cohort study involving 14,274 women enrolled since 1985. Taurine was measured in pre-diagnostic serum samples of 241 stroke cases and 479 matched controls. RESULTS There was no statistically significant association between serum taurine and stroke risk in the overall study population. The adjusted ORs for stroke were 1.0 (reference), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.59-1.28), and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.69-1.54) in increasing tertiles of taurine (64.3-126.6, 126.7-152.9, and 153.0-308.5 nmol/mL, respectively). A significant inverse association between serum taurine and stroke risk was observed among never smokers, with an adjusted OR of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.37-1.18) and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.26-0.94) for the second and third tertile, respectively (p for trend = 0.01), but not among past or current smokers (p for interaction < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We observed no overall association between serum taurine and stroke risk, although a protective effect was observed in never smokers, which requires further investigation. Taurine, Stroke, Epidemiology, Prospective, Case-control study, NYUWHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Koenig
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Saran Jonas
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Oktawia P. Wójcik
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Route 1 and College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Park, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tripathi K, Hussein UK, Anupalli R, Barnett R, Bachaboina L, Scalici J, Rocconi RP, Owen LB, Piazza GA, Palle K. Allyl isothiocyanate induces replication-associated DNA damage response in NSCLC cells and sensitizes to ionizing radiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5237-52. [PMID: 25742788 PMCID: PMC4467145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a constituent of many cruciferous vegetables exhibits significant anticancer activities in many cancer models. Our studies provide novel insights into AITC-induced anticancer mechanisms in human A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. AITC exposure induced replication stress in NSCLC cells as evidenced by γH2AX and FANCD2 foci, ATM/ATR-mediated checkpoint responses and S and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, AITC-induced FANCD2 foci displayed co-localization with BrdU foci, indicating stalled or collapsed replication forks in these cells. Although PITC (phenyl isothiocyanate) exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects, treatment was less effective compared to AITC. Previously, agents that induce cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases were shown to sensitize tumor cells to radiation. Similar to these observations, combination therapy involving AITC followed by radiation treatment exhibited increased DDR and cell killing in NSCLC cells compared to single agent treatment. Combination index (CI) analysis revealed synergistic effects at multiple doses of AITC and radiation, resulting in CI values of less than 0.7 at Fa of 0.5 (50% reduction in survival). Collectively, these studies identify an important anticancer mechanism displayed by AITC, and suggest that the combination of AITC and radiation could be an effective therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Usama K Hussein
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Roja Anupalli
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reagan Barnett
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Lavanya Bachaboina
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Scalici
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Rodney P Rocconi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Laurie B Owen
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary A Piazza
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Cox SR, Theurer JA, Spaulding SJ, Doyle PC. The multidimensional impact of total laryngectomy on women. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2015; 56:59-75. [PMID: 26186255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Based on society's expectations of what defines the norms for what is deemed "masculine" and "feminine", and a propensity for society's members to adhere to these expectations, women may face a unique set of circumstances and pressures following surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer. This is primarily due to the changes that occur to women's physical, psychological, and social functioning when dealing with cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Because of concerns related to physical disfigurement, acoustic and perceptual changes to one's voice, and threat of the psychological sequelae associated with total laryngectomy (TL) (or, the surgical removal of one's voicebox and surrounding structures), there is an increased potential for violation of social expectations that cross these areas of functioning. As such, efforts that seek to better understand the potentially differential impact of TL on women and identify the specific needs they may have leading up to and after such treatment pursuant to contemporary societal expectations are warranted. Thus, this paper provides an examination of the potentially differential impact of TL on women. In addressing this position, this paper examines the unique challenges women may face postlaryngectomy through the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Through the use of the ICF, this paper will provide an expanded perspective related to the interactions between body functioning, active participation in daily activities, and contextual factors that may act as facilitators or barriers to women's societal reintegration secondary to TL. LEARNING OUTCOMES Readers will be able to describe the multiple factors that may contribute to the differential impact of total laryngectomy (TL) on women. More specifically, readers will gain an understanding about women's physical, psychological, and social functioning secondary to TL. This paper also provides readers with exposure to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. This framework provides readers with an expanded perspective related to the interactions between body functioning, active participation in daily activities, and contextual factors that may act as either facilitators or barriers to the societal reintegration of women secondary to TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Cox
- Voice Production and Perception Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Julie A Theurer
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sandi J Spaulding
- Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Philip C Doyle
- Voice Production and Perception Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the development of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 32 publications and 20,414 cases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1184-92. [PMID: 25920421 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Quantification of the association between the intake of vegetables and fruits and the risk of lung cancer is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between vegetables and fruits and lung cancer risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS Pertinent studies were identified by a search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias was estimated using Begg's test. RESULTS Finally, 30 articles with 37 studies comprising of 20,075 lung cancer cases for vegetables intake with lung cancer risk and 31 articles with 38 studies comprising of 20,213 lung cancer cases for fruits intake with lung cancer risk were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that there were significant associations between vegetables and fruits intake and lung cancer risk. The pooled RR were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.82) for vegetables and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.88) for fruits. Significant association was found in females on vegetables intake and lung cancer but not in males. The association was also stronger in females than males on fruits intake and lung cancer risk. No publication bias was detected. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicated that intake of vegetables and fruits may have a protective effect on lung cancer, and the associations were stronger in females. As the potential biases and confounders could not be ruled out completely in this meta-analysis, further studies are needed.
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Sbrana C, Avio L, Giovannetti M. Beneficial mycorrhizal symbionts affecting the production of health-promoting phytochemicals. Electrophoresis 2015; 35:1535-46. [PMID: 25025092 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are largely investigated for their content in vitamins, mineral nutrients, dietary fibers, and plant secondary metabolites, collectively called phytochemicals, which play a beneficial role in human health. Quantity and quality of phytochemicals may be detected by using different analytical techniques, providing accurate quantification and identification of single molecules, along with their molecular structures, and allowing metabolome analyses of plant-based foods. Phytochemicals concentration and profiles are affected by biotic and abiotic factors linked to plant genotype, crop management, harvest season, soil quality, available nutrients, light, and water. Soil health and biological fertility play a key role in the production of safe plant foods, as a result of the action of beneficial soil microorganisms, in particular of the root symbionts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. They improve plant nutrition and health and induce changes in secondary metabolism leading to enhanced biosynthesis of health-promoting phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, and to a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. In this review we discuss reports on health-promoting phytochemicals and analytical methods used for their identification and quantification in plants, and on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact on fruits and vegetables nutritional and nutraceutical value.
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Uddin MMN, Ahmed MU, Islam MS, Islam MS, Sayeed MSB, Kabir Y, Hasnat A. Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes and lung cancer susceptibility in the Bangladeshi population. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2014-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Analysis and metabolite profiling of glucosinolates, anthocyanins and free amino acids in inbred lines of green and red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tarrazo-Antelo AM, Ruano-Ravina A, Abal Arca J, Barros-Dios JM. Fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: a case-control study in Galicia, Spain. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1030-7. [PMID: 25085257 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.936951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has multiple risk factors and tobacco is the main one. Diet plays a role, but no clear effect has been consistently observed for different fruit and vegetable consumption. We aim to assess the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk through a hospital-based case-control study in Spanish population. We recruited incident lung cancer cases in 2 Spanish hospitals from 2004 to 2008. Controls were individuals attending hospital for trivial surgery. Cases and controls were older than 30 and did not have a neoplasic history. We collected information on lifestyle with special emphases on tobacco and dietary habits. We included 371 cases and 496 controls. We found no protective effect for overall fruit consumption. For green leafy vegetables, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32-2.69), and for other vegetables the OR was 0.77 (95% CI = 0.40-1.48) for the categories compared. We observed a reduced risk for broccoli and pumpkin intake. Although fruit consumption does not seem to be associated with a lower lung cancer risk, only the frequent consumption of specific green leafy vegetables and other vegetables might be associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marina Tarrazo-Antelo
- a Service of Preventive Medicine , University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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28
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Lung cancer risk in relation to TP53 codon 47 and codon 72 polymorphism in Bangladeshi population. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10309-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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29
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The Role of Carotenoid- and Glucosinolate-Containing Vegetables in Cancer Prevention and Their Promotion in Clinical Practice. TOP CLIN NUTR 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tin.0000443025.28900.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Deng GE, Rausch SM, Jones LW, Gulati A, Kumar NB, Greenlee H, Pietanza MC, Cassileth BR. Complementary therapies and integrative medicine in lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2013; 143:e420S-e436S. [PMID: 23649450 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians are often asked about complementary therapies by patients with cancer, and data show that the interest in and use of these therapies among patients with cancer is common. Therefore, it is important to assess the current evidence base on the benefits and risks of complementary therapies (modalities not historically used in modern Western medicine). METHODS A systematic literature review was carried out and recommendations were made according to the American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines development methodology. RESULTS A large number of randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, as well as a number of prospective cohort studies, met the predetermined inclusion criteria. These trials addressed many different issues pertaining to patients with lung cancer, such as symptoms of anxiety, mood disturbance, pain, quality of life, and treatment-related side effects. The available data cover a variety of interventions, including acupuncture, nutrition, mind-body therapies, exercise, and massage. The body of evidence supports a series of recommendations. An evidenced-based approach to modern cancer care should integrate complementary therapies with standard cancer therapies such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and best supportive care measures. CONCLUSIONS Several complementary therapy modalities can be helpful in improving the overall care of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Deng
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - Sarah M Rausch
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | - Nagi B Kumar
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Wu QJ, Xie L, Zheng W, Vogtmann E, Li HL, Yang G, Ji BT, Gao YT, Shu XO, Xiang YB. Cruciferous vegetables consumption and the risk of female lung cancer: a prospective study and a meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1918-1924. [PMID: 23553059 PMCID: PMC3690909 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies evaluating the association between cruciferous vegetables (CVs) intake and female lung cancer risk have produced inconsistent results. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study followed 74 914 Chinese women aged 40-70 years who participated in the Shanghai Women's Health Study. CV intake was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and reassessed during follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we carried out a meta-analysis of all observational studies until December 2011. RESULTS After excluding the first 2 years of follow-up, 417 women developed lung cancer over a mean of 11.1 years of follow-up. An inverse association of borderline statistical significance was observed between CV consumption and female lung cancer risk, with HR for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of 0.73 (95% CI 0.54-1.00, P trend = 0.1607). The association was strengthened in analyses restricting to never smokers, with the corresponding HR of 0.59 (95% CI 0.40-0.87, P trend = 0.0510). The finding of an inverse association between CV intake and lung cancer risk in women was supported by our meta-analysis of 10 included studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CV consumption may reduce the risk of lung cancer in women, particularly among never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville
| | - E Vogtmann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - H L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville
| | - B T Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Y T Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X O Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville
| | - Y B Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Lung cancer risk in relation to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, CYP2A6 and CYP1A1 genotypes in the Bangladeshi population. Clin Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Greenberg AK, Tsay JC, Tchou-Wong KM, Jorgensen A, Rom WN. Chemoprevention of lung cancer: prospects and disappointments in human clinical trials. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:131-48. [PMID: 24216701 PMCID: PMC3730305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing the risk of lung cancer, or preventing its development in high-risk individuals, would have a huge impact on public health. The most effective means to decrease lung cancer incidence is to eliminate exposure to carcinogens. However, with recent advances in the understanding of pulmonary carcinogenesis and the identification of intermediate biomarkers, the prospects for the field of chemoprevention research have improved dramatically. Here we review the most recent research in lung cancer chemoprevention-focusing on those agents that have been investigated in human clinical trials. These agents fall into three major categories. First, oxidative stress plays an important role in pulmonary carcinogenesis; and therefore, antioxidants (including vitamins, selenium, green tea extracts, and isothiocyanates) may be particularly effective in preventing the development of lung cancer. Second, inflammation is increasingly accepted as a crucial factor in carcinogenesis, and many investigators have focused on anti-inflammatory agents, such as glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, statins, and PPARγ agonists. Finally, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is recognized to play a central role in tobacco-induced carcinogenesis, and inhibitors of this pathway, including myoinositol and metformin, are promising agents for lung cancer prevention. Successful chemoprevention will likely require targeting of multiple pathways to carcinogenesis-both to minimize toxicity and maximize efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa K Greenberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Ganin H, Rayo J, Amara N, Levy N, Krief P, Meijler MM. Sulforaphane and erucin, natural isothiocyanates from broccoli, inhibit bacterial quorum sensing. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane and erucin, two natural isothiocyanates that are highly abundant in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, were found to strongly inhibit quorum sensing and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Ganin
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Josep Rayo
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Neri Amara
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Niva Levy
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Pnina Krief
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Michael M. Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
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Melega S, Canistro D, Pagnotta E, Iori R, Sapone A, Paolini M. Effect of sprout extract from Tuscan black cabbage on xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in rat liver. Mutat Res 2012. [PMID: 23183052 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, health protection by natural products has received considerable attention, and a multitude of nutraceuticals have been characterized and their use promoted. Dietary consumption of Cruciferous vegetables, rich in glucosinolates (GLs), and their myrosinase-mediated hydrolysis products isothiocyanates (ITCs), were associated with reductions in cancer risk. In this study, the chemo-preventive potential of sprout extract of Tuscan black cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala subvar. Laciniata L.) (TBCSE), through modulation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing apparatus and antioxidant defenses, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rat liver. TBCSE was administered either orally or intraperitoneally, at a dose of 15mg/kg b.w., daily for twenty-one consecutive days, in the absence or presence of exogenous myrosinase, β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase (MYR), to distinguish the effects of intact GLs and ITCs, in the context of the extract. A complex, mild modulation pattern of P450-related monooxygenases was observed, mainly regarding CYP content (up to 36% loss), NADPH cytochrome (P450) c-reductase (up to 26% loss), CYP1A1 (up to 23% loss), but no evident distinctions among the effects of the extracts containing GLs or ITCs, were noted. In contrast, significant inductions of phase-II enzymes (up to 107% for UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase, and up to 36% for glutathione S-transferase) were recorded only where the GLs to ITCs conversion had occurred. A boosting effect on catalase (up to 38%), NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (up to 70%), glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase (up to 10%) was also recorded, suggesting an indirect antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Overall, the general phase-I inhibition, together with the up-regulation of detoxifying phase-II and antioxidant enzymes, exerted by the TBCSE supplementation, seem to be in line with the classical chemopreventive theory, but whether the addition of exogenous MYR is relevant, still remains to be clarified. These results are in support of the potential health-promoting application of TBCSE, as a nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Melega
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Molecular Toxicology Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Sulforaphane regulates self-renewal of pancreatic cancer stem cells through the modulation of Sonic hedgehog-GLI pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:217-27. [PMID: 23129257 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a component of dietary cruciferous vegetables has been characterized for its anti-proliferative properties. We have recently demonstrated that pancreatic CSCs display activation of sonic hedgehog pathway which are fundamental drivers of stem cell renewal, and SFN inhibits the self-renewal of pancreatic CSCs in vitro. Consistent with these observations, we sought to determine the chemopreventive potential of SFN in an in vivo setting. We show here for the first time that sulforaphane treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the tumor growth of orthotopically implanted primary pancreatic CSCs isolated from human pancreatic tumors into the pancreas of NOD/SCID/IL2Rgamma mice, which is mediated through the modulation of Sonic hedgehog-GLI signaling. Hedgehog pathway blockade by SFN at a dose of 20 mg/kg resulted in a 45 % reduction in growth of pancreatic cancer tumors and reduced expression of Shh pathway components, Smo, Gli 1, and Gli 2 in mouse tissues. Further, SFN inhibited the expression of pluripotency maintaining transcription factors Nanog and Oct-4 and angiogenic markers VEGF and PDGFRα which are downstream targets of Gli transcription. Furthermore, SFN treatment resulted in a significant reduction in EMT markers Zeb-1, which correlated with increase in E-Cadherin expression suggesting the blockade of signaling involved in early metastasis. Interestingly, SFN downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and XIAP to induce apoptosis. These data demonstrate that, at a tolerable dose, inhibition of Shh pathway by SFN results in marked reduction in EMT, metastatic, angiogenic markers with significant inhibition in tumor growth in mice. Since aberrant Shh signaling occurs in pancreatic tumorigenesis, therapeutics that target Shh pathway may improve the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer by targeting CSCs, thus suggesting the use of sulforaphane to further improve preventive and therapeutic approaches in patients with this devastating disease.
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Crichlow GV, Fan C, Keeler C, Hodsdon M, Lolis EJ. Structural interactions dictate the kinetics of macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibition by different cancer-preventive isothiocyanates. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7506-14. [PMID: 22931430 DOI: 10.1021/bi3005494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cellular processes by dietary nutrients is known to affect the likelihood of cancer development. One class of cancer-preventive nutrients, isothiocyanates (ITCs), derived from the consumption of cruciferous vegetables, is known to have various effects on cellular biochemistry. One target of ITCs is macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a widely expressed protein with known inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic, pro-angiogenic, and anti-apoptotic properties. MIF is covalently inhibited by a variety of ITCs, which in part may explain how they exert their cancer-preventive effects. We report the crystallographic structures of human MIF bound to phenethylisothiocyanate and to l-sulforaphane (dietary isothiocyanates derived from watercress and broccoli, respectively) and correlate structural features of these two isothiocyanates with their second-order rate constants for MIF inactivation. We also characterize changes in the MIF structure using nuclear magnetic resonance heteronuclear single-quantum coherence spectra of these complexes and observe many changes at the subunit interface. While a number of chemical shifts do not change, many of those that change do not have features similar in magnitude or direction for the two isothiocyanates. The difference in the binding modes of these two ITCs provides a means of using structure-activity relationships to reveal insights into MIF biological interactions. The results of this study provide a framework for the development of therapeutics that target MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg V Crichlow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Bosetti C, Filomeno M, Riso P, Polesel J, Levi F, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Cruciferous vegetables and cancer risk in a network of case-control studies. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2198-2203. [PMID: 22328735 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetables have been suggested to protect against various cancers, though the issue is open to discussion. To further understand their role, we analyzed data from a network of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland. PATIENTS AND METHODS The studies included a total of 1468 cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx, 505 of the esophagus, 230 of the stomach, 2390 of the colorectum, 185 of the liver, 326 of the pancreas, 852 of the larynx, 3034 of the breast, 367 of the endometrium, 1031 of the ovary, 1294 of the prostate, 767 of the kidney, and 11,492 controls. All cancers were incident, histologically confirmed; controls were subjects admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute nonneoplastic conditions. RESULTS The multivariate odds ratio (OR) for consumption of cruciferous vegetables at least once a week as compared with no/occasional consumption was significantly reduced for cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx (OR=0.83), esophagus (OR=0.72), colorectum (OR=0.83), breast (OR=0.83), and kidney (OR=0.68). The OR was below unity, but not significant, for stomach (OR=0.90), liver (OR=0.72), pancreatic (OR=0.90), laryngeal (OR=0.84), endometrial (OR=0.93), ovarian (OR=0.91), and prostate (OR=0.87) cancer. CONCLUSION This large series of studies provides additional evidence of a favorable effect of cruciferous vegetables on several common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan.
| | - M Filomeno
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan
| | - P Riso
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan
| | - J Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (Pordenone), Italy
| | - F Levi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit and Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (Pordenone), Italy
| | - M Montella
- Unit of Epidemiology, Istituto Tumori 'Fondazione Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - E Negri
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan
| | - S Franceschi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan; Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Canistro D, Barillari J, Melega S, Sapone A, Iori R, Speroni E, Paolini M. Black cabbage seed extract affects rat Cyp-mediated biotransformation: organ and sex related differences. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2612-21. [PMID: 22634264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Brassicaceae are widely consumed in many parts of the world and their dietary intake has been associated with cancer risk reduction. Extracts and metabolites derived from cruciferous vegetables have thus gained popularity as potential cancer chemopreventive agents. We have previously found, unexpectly, that glucoraphanin, the most extensively present glucosinolate in these vegetables, is a potent mutagen bioactivating Phase-I enzyme inducer. In the present study, the influence of black cabbage seed extract, rich in glucoraphanin, was investigated on Phase-I enzymes in different organs of male or female rats. Oral seed extract injection at 120 or 240 mg/kg b.w. for one or four consecutive days, significantly affected various cytochrome P450 (CYP) -linked monooxygenases in a complex way being the lung the most responsive organ (in males, up to ∼2600% increase for CYP2B1/2 isoform and ∼96% loss for CYP1A1, CYP3A1/2). These findings indicate that the extract may strongly enhance and/or suppress rat xenobiotic biotransformation pathways and that caution should be paid to the possible influence on human metabolism. These data suggest an overall evaluation of the balance between beneficial vs. possible adverse effects for each agent, even if of natural origin, prior to routinely, preventive mass use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Toxicology Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Fahey JW, Wehage SL, Holtzclaw WD, Kensler TW, Egner PA, Shapiro TA, Talalay P. Protection of humans by plant glucosinolates: efficiency of conversion of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates by the gastrointestinal microflora. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:603-11. [PMID: 22318753 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based diets rich in crucifers are effective in preventing cancer and other chronic diseases. Crucifers contain very high concentrations of glucosinolates (GS; β-thioglucoside-N-hydroxysulfates). Although not themselves protective, GS are converted by coexisting myrosinases to bitter isothiocyanates (ITC) which defend plants against predators. Coincidentally, ITC also induce mammalian genes that regulate defenses against oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA-damaging electrophiles. Consequently, the efficiency of conversion of GS to ITC may be critical in controlling the health-promoting benefits of crucifers. If myrosinase is heat-inactivated by cooking, the gastrointestinal microflora converts GS to ITC, a process abolished by enteric antibiotics and bowel cleansing. When single oral doses of GS were administered as broccoli sprout extracts (BSE) to two dissimilar populations (rural Han Chinese and racially mixed Baltimoreans) patterns of excretions of urinary dithiocarbamates (DTC) were very similar. Individual conversions in both populations varied enormously, from about 1% to more than 40% of dose. In contrast, administration of ITC (largely sulforaphane)-containing BSE resulted in uniformly high (70%-90%) conversions to urinary DTC. Despite the remarkably large range of conversion efficiencies between individuals, repeated determinations within individuals were much more consistent. The rates of urinary excretion (slow or fast) were unrelated to the ultimate magnitudes (low or high) of these conversions. Although no demographic factors affecting conversion efficiency have been identified, there are clearly diurnal variations: conversion of GS to DTC was greater during the day, but conversion of ITC to DTC was more efficient at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed W Fahey
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street (WBSB 406), Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Edmands WMB, Beckonert OP, Stella C, Campbell A, Lake BG, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Gooderham NJ. Identification of Human Urinary Biomarkers of Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption by Metabonomic Profiling. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4513-21. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William M. B. Edmands
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf P. Beckonert
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Campbell
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Brian G. Lake
- Leatherhead Food International, Leatherhead, KT22 7RY, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Lindon
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Gooderham
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Clarke JD, Hsu A, Riedl K, Bella D, Schwartz SJ, Stevens JF, Ho E. Bioavailability and inter-conversion of sulforaphane and erucin in human subjects consuming broccoli sprouts or broccoli supplement in a cross-over study design. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:456-63. [PMID: 21816223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli consumption may reduce the risk of various cancers and many broccoli supplements are now available. The bioavailability and excretion of the mercapturic acid pathway metabolites isothiocyanates after human consumption of broccoli supplements has not been tested. Two important isothiocyanates from broccoli are sulforaphane and erucin. We employed a cross-over study design in which 12 subjects consumed 40 g of fresh broccoli sprouts followed by a 1 month washout period and then the same 12 subjects consumed 6 pills of a broccoli supplement. As negative controls for isothiocyanate consumption four additional subjects consumed alfalfa sprouts during the first phase and placebo pills during the second. Blood and urine samples were collected for 48h during each phase and analyzed for sulforaphane and erucin metabolites using LC-MS/MS. The bioavailability of sulforaphane and erucin is dramatically lower when subjects consume broccoli supplements compared to fresh broccoli sprouts. The peaks in plasma concentrations and urinary excretion were also delayed when subjects consumed the broccoli supplement. GSTP1 polymorphisms did not affect the metabolism or excretion of sulforaphane or erucin. Sulforaphane and erucin are able to interconvert in vivo and this interconversion is consistent within each subject but variable between subjects. This study confirms that consumption of broccoli supplements devoid of myrosinase activity does not produce equivalent plasma concentrations of the bioactive isothiocyanate metabolites compared to broccoli sprouts. This has implications for people who consume the recommended serving size (1 pill) of a broccoli supplement and believe they are getting equivalent doses of isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clarke
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Clarke JD, Hsu A, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Stevens JF, Yamamoto M, Ho E. Metabolism and tissue distribution of sulforaphane in Nrf2 knockout and wild-type mice. Pharm Res 2011; 28:3171-9. [PMID: 21681606 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the metabolism and tissue distribution of the dietary chemoprotective agent sulforaphane following oral administration to wild-type and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice. METHODS Male and female wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mice were given sulforaphane (5 or 20 μmoles) by oral gavage; plasma, liver, kidney, small intestine, colon, lung, brain and prostate were collected at 2, 6 and 24 h (h). The five major metabolites of sulforaphane were measured in tissues by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Sulforaphane metabolites were detected in all tissues at 2 and 6 h post gavage, with the highest concentrations in the small intestine, prostate, kidney and lung. A dose-dependent increase in sulforaphane concentrations was observed in all tissues except prostate. At 5 μmole, Nrf2(-/-) genotype had no effect on sulforaphane metabolism. Only Nrf2(-/-) females given 20 μmoles sulforaphane for 6 h exhibited a marked increase in tissue sulforaphane metabolite concentrations. The relative abundance of each metabolite was not strikingly different between genders and genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Sulforaphane is metabolized and reaches target tissues in wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mice. These data provide further evidence that sulforaphane is bioavailable and may be an effective dietary chemoprevention agent for several tissue sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clarke
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Büchner FL, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros MM, Kampman E, Egevad L, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Touillaud M, Kaaks R, Chang-Claude J, Boeing H, Weikert S, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Benetou V, Palli D, Sieri S, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, van Duijnhoven FJ, Peeters PH, van Gils CH, Lund E, Gram IT, Sánchez MJ, Jakszyn P, Larrañaga N, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Rodríguez L, Manjer J, Ehrnström R, Hallmans G, Ljungberg B, Key TJ, Allen NE, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Slimani N, Jenab M, Boffetta P, Kiemeney LA, Riboli E. Variety in vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:2971-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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