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Aljabban J, Syed S, Syed S, Rohr M, Mukhtar M, Aljabban H, Cottini F, Mohammed M, Hughes T, Gonzalez T, Panahiazr M, Hadley D, Benson D. Characterization of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance progression to multiple myeloma through meta-analysis of GEO data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17298. [PMID: 37539132 PMCID: PMC10394915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) is still obscure as are the processes that enable the progression of MGUS to MM. Understanding the unique vs. shared transcriptomes can potentially elucidate why individuals develop one or the other. Furthermore, highlighting key pathways and genes involved in the pathogenesis of MM or the development of MGUS to MM may allow the discovery of novel drug targets and therapies. We employed STARGEO platform to perform three separate meta-analysis to compare MGUS and MM transcriptomes. For these analyses we tagged (1) 101 MGUS patient plasma cells from bone marrow samples and 64 plasma cells from healthy controls (2) 383 MM patient CD138+ cells from bone marrow and the 101 MGUS samples in the first analysis as controls (3) 517 MM patient peripheral blood samples and 97 peripheral blood samples from healthy controls. We then utilized Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to analyze the unique genomic signatures within and across these samples. Our study identified genes that may have unique roles in MGUS (GADD45RA and COMMD3), but also newly identified signaling pathways (EIF2, JAK/STAT, and MYC) and gene activity (NRG3, RBFOX2, and PARP15) in MGUS that have previously been shown to be involved in MM suggesting a spectrum of molecular overlap. On the other hand, genes such as DUSP4, RN14, LAMP5, differentially upregulated in MM, may be seen as tipping the scales from benignity to malignancy and could serve as drug targets or novel biomarkers for risk of progression. Furthermore, our analysis of MM identified newly associated gene/pathway activity such as inhibition of Wnt-signaling and defective B cell development. Finally, IPA analysis, suggests the multifactorial, oncogenic qualities of IFNγ signaling in MM may be a unifying pathway for these diverse mechanisms and prompts the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Aljabban
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Saad Syed
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael Rohr
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, United States
| | - Mohamed Mukhtar
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, United States
| | | | - Francesca Cottini
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
- James Cancer Hospital Solove Research Institute, United States
| | | | - Tiffany Hughes
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
| | | | - Maryam Panahiazr
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, United States
| | - Dexter Hadley
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, United States
- University of Central Florida, Chief of the Department of Artificial Intelligence, United States
| | - Don Benson
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
- James Cancer Hospital Solove Research Institute, United States
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2
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Enukashvily NI, Belik LA, Semenova NY, Kostroma II, Motyko EV, Gritsaev SV, Bessmeltsev SS, Sidorkevich SV, Martynkevich IS. Transcription of WNT Genes in Hematopoietic Niche's Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Different Responses to Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051097. [PMID: 37239457 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are involved in bone tissue remodeling due to their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and to influence osteoclasts' activity. Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with bone resorption. During disease progression, MSCs acquire a tumor-associated phenotype, losing their osteogenic potential. The process is associated with impaired osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance. The WNT signaling pathway plays a major role in maintaining the balance. In MM, it functions in an aberrant way. It is not known yet whether the WNT pathway is restored in patients' bone narrow after treatment. The aim of the study was to compare the level of WNT family gene transcription in the bone marrow MSCs of healthy donors and MM patients before and after therapy. The study included healthy donors (n = 3), primary patients (n = 3) and patients with different response status to therapy (bortezomib-containing induction regimens) (n = 12). The transcription of the WNT and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) genes was accessed using qPCR. The mRNA quantity of ten WNT genes, as well as CTNNB1 mRNA encoding β-catenin, a key mediator in canonical signaling, was evaluated. The observed differences between the groups of patients indicated that aberrant functioning of the WNT pathway was retained after treatment. The differences that we detected for WNT2B, WNT9B and CTNNB1 suggested their possible application as prognostic molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natella I Enukashvily
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Cell Technologies Lab., North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Peterburg, Russia
| | - Liubov A Belik
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Cell Technology Center Pokrovsky, 199066 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Semenova
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Motyko
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Bessmeltsev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Sidorkevich
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina S Martynkevich
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Rojas-Zambrano PM, Meyer-Herrera JE, Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Vernot JP. Simultaneously Targeting Two Coupled Signalling Molecules in the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Support Efficiently Sensitises the Multiple Myeloma Cell Line H929 to Bortezomib. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098157. [PMID: 37175864 PMCID: PMC10178910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that diverse components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment play a central role in the progression, pathophysiology, and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). In particular, the dynamic interaction between BM mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) and MM cells has shown great relevance. Here we showed that inhibiting both PKC and NF-κB signalling pathways in BM-MSC reduced cell survival in the MM cell line H929 and increased its susceptibility to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. PKC-mediated cell survival inhibition and bortezomib susceptibility induction were better performed by the chimeric peptide HKPS than by the classical enzastaurin inhibitor, probably due to its greatest ability to inhibit cell adhesion and its increased capability to counteract the NF-κB-related signalling molecules increased by the co-cultivation of BM-MSC with H929 cells. Thus, inhibiting two coupled signalling molecules in BM-MSC was more effective in blocking the supportive cues emerging from the mesenchymal stroma. Considering that H929 cells were also directly susceptible to PKC and NF-κB inhibition, we showed that treatment of co-cultures with the HKPS peptide and BAY11-7082, followed by bortezomib, increased H929 cell death. Therefore, targeting simultaneously connected signalling elements of BM-MSC responsible for MM cells support with compounds that also have anti-MM activity can be an improved treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Rojas-Zambrano
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - J E Meyer-Herrera
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - P F Ruiz-Aparicio
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - J P Vernot
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
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4
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Mesenchymal stromal cell senescence in haematological malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:277-296. [PMID: 36622509 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma (MM) are age-related haematological malignancies with defined precursor states termed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), respectively. While the progression from asymptomatic precursor states to malignancy is widely considered to be mediated by the accumulation of genetic mutations in neoplastic haematopoietic cell clones, recent studies suggest that intrinsic genetic changes, alone, may be insufficient to drive the progression to overt malignancy. Notably, studies suggest that extrinsic, microenvironmental changes in the bone marrow (BM) may also promote the transition from these precursor states to active disease. There is now enhanced focus on extrinsic, age-related changes in the BM microenvironment that accompany the development of AML, CLL, and MM. One of the most prominent changes associated with ageing is the accumulation of senescent mesenchymal stromal cells within tissues and organs. In comparison with proliferating cells, senescent cells display an altered profile of secreted factors (secretome), termed the senescence-associated-secretory phenotype (SASP), comprising proteases, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors that may render the local microenvironment favourable for cancer growth. It is well established that BM mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are key regulators of haematopoietic stem cell maintenance and fate determination. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that BM-MSC senescence may contribute to age-related haematopoietic decline and cancer development. This review explores the association between BM-MSC senescence and the development of haematological malignancies, and the functional role of senescent BM-MSCs in the development of these cancers.
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5
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Molecular Crosstalk between Chromatin Remodeling and Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9535-9549. [PMID: 36547163 PMCID: PMC9777166 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex disease driven by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations that are acquired over time. Despite recent progress in the understanding of MM pathobiology and the availability of innovative drugs, which have pronounced clinical outcome, this malignancy eventually progresses to a drug-resistant lethal stage and, thus, novel therapeutic drugs/models always play an important role in effective management of MM. Modulation of tumor microenvironment is one of the hallmarks of cancer biology, including MM, which affects the myeloma genomic architecture and disease progression subtly through chromatin modifications. The bone marrow niche has a prime role in progression, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells. Therefore, it is important to develop means for targeting the ecosystem between multiple myeloma bone marrow microenvironment and chromatin remodeling. Extensive gene expression profile analysis has indeed provided the framework for new risk stratification of MM patients and identifying novel molecular targets and therapeutics. However, key tumor microenvironment factors/immune cells and their interactions with chromatin remodeling complex proteins that drive MM cell growth and progression remain grossly undefined.
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Giannakoulas N, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. The Role of Marrow Microenvironment in the Growth and Development of Malignant Plasma Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094462. [PMID: 33923357 PMCID: PMC8123209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and effectiveness of novel therapies in multiple myeloma have been established in large clinical trials. However, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy despite significant therapeutic advances. Accumulating data have elucidated our understanding of the genetic background of the malignant plasma cells along with the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Currently, the interaction among myeloma cells and the components of the microenvironment are considered crucial in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and the extracellular matrix play a critical role in the interplay among genetically transformed clonal plasma cells and stromal cells, leading to the proliferation, progression and survival of myeloma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the growth and development of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology of University Hospital of Larisa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Frenquelli M, Tonon G. WNT Signaling in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:615190. [PMID: 33409156 PMCID: PMC7779757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.615190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the WNT signaling pathway in key cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration is well documented. WNT signaling cascade is initiated by the interaction of WNT ligands with receptors belonging to the Frizzled family, and/or the ROR1/ROR2 and RYK families. The downstream signaling cascade results in the activation of the canonical β-catenin dependent pathway, ultimately leading to transcriptional control of cell proliferation, or the non-canonical pathway, mainly acting on cell migration and cell polarity. The high level of expression of both WNT ligands and WNT receptors in cancer cells and in the surrounding microenvironment suggests that WNT may represent a central conduit of interactions between tumor cells and microenviroment. In this review we will focus on WNT pathways deregulation in hematological cancers, both at the ligand and receptor levels. We will review available literature regarding both the classical β-catenin dependent pathway as well as the non-canonical pathway, with particular emphasis on the possible exploitation of WNT aberrant activation as a therapeutic target, a notion supported by preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Frenquelli
- B-cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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8
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Takemori N, Ooi HK, Imai G, Hoshino K, Saio M. Possible mechanisms of action of clarithromycin and its clinical application as a repurposing drug for treating multiple myeloma. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1088. [PMID: 33014130 PMCID: PMC7498274 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarithromycin (CAM), a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, is a widely used antibacterial drug. Recently, the efficacy of CAM as an add-on drug for treating multiple myeloma (MM) has been noted. Its effect on treating MM has been confirmed in combination chemotherapies that include CAM. However, a single treatment of CAM has no efficacy for treating MM. Many myeloma growth factors (MGFs) including interleukin (IL)-6 are known to be closely involved in the development of MM. CAM has been shown to suppress many MGFs, particularly IL-6. The possible mechanisms of action of CAM in treating MM have been suggested to include its immunomodulatory effect, autophagy inhibition, reversibility of drug resistance, steroid-sparing/enhancing effect and suppression of MGFs. In addition, MM is characterised by uncontrolled cell growth of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing neoplastic plasma cells. Large quantities of unfolded or misfolded Ig production may trigger considerable endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, MM is originally a fragile neoplasm particularly susceptible to autophagy-, proteasome- and histone deacetylase 6-inhibitors. Taken together, CAM plays an important role in MM treatments through its synergistic mechanisms. In addition, CAM with its pleiotropic effects on cytokines including IL-6 and indirect antiviral effects might be worth a try for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Takemori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Imai Hospital, Tanaka-cho 100, Ashikaga, Tochigi 326-0822, Japan
- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-8385
| | - Hong-Kean Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Goro Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imai Hospital, Tanaka-cho 100, Ashikaga, Tochigi 326-0822, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hoshino
- Department of Surgery, Imai Hospital, Tanaka-cho 100, Ashikaga, Tochigi 326-0822, Japan
| | - Masanao Saio
- Laboratory of Histopathology & Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 39-22, 3-chome, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
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Hofmann JN, Landgren O, Landy R, Kemp TJ, Santo L, McShane CM, Shearer JJ, Lan Q, Rothman N, Pinto LA, Pfeiffer RM, Hildesheim A, Katki HA, Purdue MP. A Prospective Study of Circulating Chemokines and Angiogenesis Markers and Risk of Multiple Myeloma and Its Precursor. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkz104. [PMID: 33336146 PMCID: PMC7083234 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and clinical studies have implicated certain chemokines and angiogenic cytokines in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis. To investigate whether systemic concentrations of these markers are associated with future MM risk and progression from its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), we conducted a prospective study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. METHODS We measured concentrations of 45 immunologic and pro-angiogenic markers in sera from 241 MM case patients, 441 participants with nonprogressing MGUS, and 258 MGUS-free control participants using Luminex-based multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. We also evaluated absolute risk of progression using weighted Kaplan-Meier estimates. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Prediagnostic levels of six markers were statistically significantly elevated among MM case patients compared with MGUS-free control participants using a false discovery rate of 10% (EGF, HGF, Ang-2, CXCL12, CCL8, and BMP-9). Of these, three angiogenesis markers were associated with future progression from MGUS to MM: EGF (fourth vs first quartile: OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.61 to 5.63, P trend = .00028), HGF (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.33 to 5.03, P trend = .015), and Ang-2 (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.15 to 3.98, P trend = .07). A composite angiogenesis biomarker score substantially stratified risk of MGUS progression to MM beyond established risk factors for progression, particularly during the first 5 years of follow-up (areas under the curve of 0.71 and 0.64 with and without the angiogenesis marker score, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our prospective findings provide new insights into mechanisms involved in MM development and suggest that systemic angiogenesis markers could potentially improve risk stratification models for MGUS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Landy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Troy J Kemp
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Loredana Santo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charlene M McShane
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Joseph J Shearer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hormuzd A Katki
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lhoumaud P, Badri S, Rodriguez-Hernaez J, Sakellaropoulos T, Sethia G, Kloetgen A, Cornwell M, Bhattacharyya S, Ay F, Bonneau R, Tsirigos A, Skok JA. NSD2 overexpression drives clustered chromatin and transcriptional changes in a subset of insulated domains. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4843. [PMID: 31649247 PMCID: PMC6813313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CTCF and cohesin play a key role in organizing chromatin into topologically associating domain (TAD) structures. Disruption of a single CTCF binding site is sufficient to change chromosomal interactions leading to alterations in chromatin modifications and gene regulation. However, the extent to which alterations in chromatin modifications can disrupt 3D chromosome organization leading to transcriptional changes is unknown. In multiple myeloma, a 4;14 translocation induces overexpression of the histone methyltransferase, NSD2, resulting in expansion of H3K36me2 and shrinkage of antagonistic H3K27me3 domains. Using isogenic cell lines producing high and low levels of NSD2, here we find oncogene activation is linked to alterations in H3K27ac and CTCF within H3K36me2 enriched chromatin. A logistic regression model reveals that differentially expressed genes are significantly enriched within the same insulated domain as altered H3K27ac and CTCF peaks. These results identify a bidirectional relationship between 2D chromatin and 3D genome organization in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscillia Lhoumaud
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sana Badri
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Theodore Sakellaropoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gunjan Sethia
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sourya Bhattacharyya
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYU, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jane A Skok
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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11
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Geng S, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang JJ, Wu F, Pang Y, Zhong Y, Wang J, Wang W, Lyu X, Huang Y, Jing H. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals chemokine self-feeding of myeloma cells promotes extramedullary metastasis. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:452-465. [PMID: 31561267 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the initial extramedullary translocation of myeloma cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood. We found that clonal circulating plasma cells (cPCs) are more frequently detected by flow cytometry in extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) patients and worsen their prognosis. It is technically much easier to collect single cPCs using FACS than it is to perform EMP biopsy. Therefore, combining EMP imaging with cPC detection may be a promising strategy for prognostic stratification. Here, using single-cell transcriptome analysis, we found that the chemokine CXCL12, a key molecule involved in CXCR4-dependent cell retention in the bone marrow, is abnormally upregulated in cPCs and might initially enable cPCs to evade bone marrow retention and translocate into the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Geng
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiannian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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WITHDRAWN: Evolutionary Game Dynamics and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Ryu D, Kim SJ, Hong Y, Jo A, Kim N, Kim HJ, Lee HO, Kim K, Park WY. Alterations in the Transcriptional Programs of Myeloma Cells and the Microenvironment during Extramedullary Progression Affect Proliferation and Immune Evasion. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:935-944. [PMID: 31558476 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In multiple myeloma, extramedullary progression is associated with treatment resistance and a high mortality rate. To understand the molecular mechanisms controlling the devastating progression of myeloma, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to myeloma in the bone marrow and myelomatous pleural effusions or ascites. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Bone marrow or extramedullary myeloma samples were collected from 15 patients and subjected to single-cell RNA-seq. The single-cell transcriptome data of malignant plasma cells and the surrounding immune microenvironment were analyzed. RESULTS Comparisons of single-cell transcriptomes revealed the systematic activation of proliferation, antigen presentation, proteasomes, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in extramedullary myeloma cells. The myeloma cells expressed multiple combinations of growth factors and receptors, suggesting autonomous and pleiotropic growth potential at the single-cell level. Comparisons of the tumor microenvironment revealed the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in both the bone marrow and extramedullary ascites, demonstrating a gene-expression phenotype indicative of functional compromise. In parallel, isolated myeloma cells persistently expressed class I MHC molecules and upregulated inhibitory molecules for cytotoxic T and NK cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that myeloma cells are equipped with specialized immune evasion mechanisms in cytotoxic microenvironments. Taken together, single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed transcriptional programs associated with aggressive myeloma progression that support autonomous cell proliferation and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Ryu
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yourae Hong
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Gourzones C, Bret C, Moreaux J. Treatment May Be Harmful: Mechanisms/Prediction/Prevention of Drug-Induced DNA Damage and Repair in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31620167 PMCID: PMC6759943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). MM is considered mostly without definitive treatment because of the inability of standard of care therapies to overcome drug-resistant relapse. Genotoxic agents are used in the treatment of MM and exploit the fact that DNA double-strand breaks are highly cytotoxic for cancer cells. However, their mutagenic effects are well-established and described. According to these effects, chemotherapy could cause harmful DNA damage associated with new driver genomic abnormalities providing selective advantage, drug resistance, and higher relapse risk. Several mechanisms associated with MM cell (MMC) resistance to genotoxic agents have been described, underlining MM heterogeneity. The understanding of these mechanisms provides several therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance and limit mutagenic effects of treatment in MM. According to this heterogeneity, adopting precision medicine into clinical practice, with the development of biomarkers, has the potential to improve MM disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Bret
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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15
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Frenquelli M, Caridi N, Antonini E, Storti F, Viganò V, Gaviraghi M, Occhionorelli M, Bianchessi S, Bongiovanni L, Spinelli A, Marcatti M, Belloni D, Ferrero E, Karki S, Brambilla P, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Colla S, Ponzoni M, DePinho RA, Tonon G. The WNT receptor ROR2 drives the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the microenvironment through AKT activation. Leukemia 2019; 34:257-270. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood 2019; 133:2484-2494. [PMID: 31010848 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019846782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant plasma cell dyscrasia that consistently precedes multiple myeloma (MM) with a 1% risk of progression per year. Recent advances have improved understanding of the complex genetic and immunologic factors that permit progression from the aberrant plasma cell clone to MGUS and overt MM. Additional evidence supports bidirectional interaction of MGUS cells with surrounding cells in the bone marrow niche that regulates malignant transformation. However, there are no robust prognostic biomarkers. Herein we review the current body of literature on the biology of MGUS and provide a rationale for the improved identification of high-risk MGUS patients who may be appropriate for novel clinical interventions to prevent progression or eradicate premalignant clones prior to the development of overt MM.
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17
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second-most-common hematologic malignancy and the most frequent cancer to involve bone. MM bone disease (MMBD) has devastating consequences for patients, including dramatic bone loss, severe bone pain, and pathological fractures that markedly decrease the quality of life and impact survival of MM patients. MMBD results from excessive osteoclastic bone resorption and persistent suppressed osteoblastic bone formation, causing lytic lesions that do not heal, even when patients are in complete and prolonged remission. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the uncoupling of bone remodeling in MM, the effects of MMBD on tumor growth, and potential therapeutic approaches that may prevent severe bone loss and repair damaged bone in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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18
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Piddock RE, Marlein CR, Abdul-Aziz A, Shafat MS, Auger MJ, Bowles KM, Rushworth SA. Myeloma-derived macrophage inhibitory factor regulates bone marrow stromal cell-derived IL-6 via c-MYC. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:66. [PMID: 29769142 PMCID: PMC5956761 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy despite the recent advancements in its treatment. The protective effects of the niche in which it develops has been well documented; however, little has been done to investigate the MM cell’s ability to ‘re-program’ cells within its environment to benefit disease progression. Here, we show that MM-derived macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) stimulates bone marrow stromal cells to produce the disease critical cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, prior to any cell-cell contact. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this IL-6/8 production is mediated by the transcription factor cMYC. Pharmacological inhibition of cMYC in vivo using JQ1 led to significantly decreased levels of serum IL-6—a highly positive prognostic marker in MM patients. Conclusions Our presented findings show that MM-derived MIF causes BMSC secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 via BMSC cMYC. Furthermore, we show that the cMYC inhibitor JQ1 can reduce BMSC secreted IL-6 in vivo, irrespective of tumor burden. These data provide evidence for the clinical evaluation of both MIF and cMYC inhibitors in the treatment of MM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0614-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Piddock
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Christopher R Marlein
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Amina Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Manar S Shafat
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Martin J Auger
- Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Kristian M Bowles
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. .,Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK.
| | - Stuart A Rushworth
- Department of Molecular Haematology, Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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19
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Wang J, Faict S, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Van Valckenborgh E, Schots R, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Extracellular vesicle cross-talk in the bone marrow microenvironment: implications in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38927-38945. [PMID: 26950273 PMCID: PMC5122441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) represents a complex microenvironment containing stromal cells, immune cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic cells, which are crucial for the immune response, bone formation, and hematopoiesis. Apart from soluble factors and direct cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, were recently identified as a third mediator for cell communication. Solid evidence has already demonstrated the involvement of various BM-derived cells and soluble factors in the regulation of multiple biological processes whereas the EV-mediated message delivery system from the BM has just been explored in recent decades. These EVs not only perform physiological functions but can also play a role in cancer development, including in Multiple Myeloma (MM) which is a plasma cell malignancy predominantly localized in the BM. This review will therefore focus on the multiple functions of EVs derived from BM cells, the manipulation of the BM by cancer-derived EVs, and the role of BM EVs in MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Abstract
DNA microarrays have considerably helped to improve the understanding of biological processes and diseases including multiple myeloma (MM). GEP analyses have been successful to classify MM, define risk, identify therapeutic targets, predict treatment response, and understand drug resistance.This generated large amounts of publicly available data that could benefit from easy-to-use bioinformatics resources to analyze them. Here we present easy-to-use and open-access bioinformatics tools to extract and visualize the most prominent information from GEP data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Biological Hematology, Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Hopital Saint-Eloi-CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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21
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Bolomsky A, Hübl W, Spada S, Müldür E, Schlangen K, Heintel D, Rocci A, Weißmann A, Fritz V, Willheim M, Zojer N, Palumbo A, Ludwig H. IKAROS expression in distinct bone marrow cell populations as a candidate biomarker for outcome with lenalidomide-dexamethasone therapy in multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:269-278. [PMID: 28052520 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are a cornerstone in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), but specific markers to predict outcome are still missing. Recent work pointed to a prognostic role for IMiD target genes (e.g. CRBN). Moreover, indirect activity of IMiDs on immune cells correlated with outcome, raising the possibility that cell populations in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment could serve as biomarkers. We therefore analysed gene expression levels of six IMiD target genes in whole BM samples of 44 myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide-dexamethasone. Expression of CRBN (R = 0.30, P = .05), IKZF1 (R = 0.31, P = .04), IRF4 (R = 0.38, P = .01), MCT-1 (R = 0.30, P = .05), and CD147 (R = 0.38, P = .01), but not IKZF3 (R = -0.15, P = .34), was significantly associated with response. Interestingly, IKZF1 expression was elevated in BM environmental cells and thus selected for further investigation by multicolor flow cytometry. High IKAROS protein levels in total BM mononuclear cells (median OS 83.4 vs. 32.2 months, P = .02), CD19+ B cells (median OS 71.1 vs. 32.2 months, P = .05), CD3+ CD8+ T cells (median OS 83.4 vs 19.0 months, P = .008) as well as monocytes (median OS 53.9 vs 18.0 months, P = .009) were associated with superior overall survival (OS). In contrast, IKAROS protein expression in MM cells was not predictive for OS. Our data therefore corroborate the central role of immune cells for the clinical activity of IMiDs and built the groundwork for prospective analysis of IKAROS protein levels in distinct cell populations as a potential biomarker for IMiD based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Bolomsky
- Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and HematologyWilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, WilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hübl
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Stefano Spada
- Division of Haematology and HaemostaseologyUniversity of Torino Italy
| | - Ercan Müldür
- Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and HematologyWilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, WilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Karin Schlangen
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - Daniel Heintel
- Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and HematologyWilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, WilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Alberto Rocci
- Department of HaematologyManchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustManchester UK
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester UK
| | - Adalbert Weißmann
- Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and HematologyWilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, WilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Veronique Fritz
- Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and HematologyWilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, WilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Martin Willheim
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Niklas Zojer
- Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and HematologyWilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, WilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Division of Haematology and HaemostaseologyUniversity of Torino Italy
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and HematologyWilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, WilhelminenspitalVienna Austria
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22
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Burger R, Günther A, Klausz K, Staudinger M, Peipp M, Penas EMM, Rose-John S, Wijdenes J, Gramatzki M. Due to interleukin-6 type cytokine redundancy only glycoprotein 130 receptor blockade efficiently inhibits myeloma growth. Haematologica 2016; 102:381-390. [PMID: 27658435 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.145060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 has an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma where it supports the growth and survival of the malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It belongs to a family of cytokines which use the glycoprotein 130 chain for signal transduction, such as oncostatin M or leukemia inhibitory factor. Targeting interleukin-6 in plasma cell diseases is currently evaluated in clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies. Here, efforts were made to elucidate the contribution of interleukin-6 and glycoprotein 130 signaling in malignant plasma cell growth in vivo In the xenograft severe combined immune deficiency model employing our interleukin-6-dependent plasma cell line INA-6, the lack of human interleukin-6 induced autocrine interleukin-6 production and a proliferative response to other cytokines of the glycoprotein 130 family. Herein, mice were treated with monoclonal antibodies against human interleukin-6 (elsilimomab/B-E8), the interleukin-6 receptor (B-R6), and with an antibody blocking glycoprotein 130 (B-R3). While treatment of mice with interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor antibodies resulted in a modest delay in tumor growth, the development of plasmacytomas was completely prevented with the anti-glycoprotein 130 antibody. Importantly, complete inhibition was also achieved using F(ab')2-fragments of monoclonal antibody B-R3. Tumors harbor activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and in vitro, the antibody inhibited leukemia inhibitory factor stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation and cell growth, while being less effective against interleukin-6. In conclusion, the growth of INA-6 plasmacytomas in vivo under interleukin-6 withdrawal remains strictly dependent on glycoprotein 130, and other glycoprotein 130 cytokines may substitute for interleukin-6. Antibodies against glycoprotein 130 are able to overcome this redundancy and should be explored for a possible therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Staudinger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Murga Penas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | | | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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23
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APRIL and BCMA promote human multiple myeloma growth and immunosuppression in the bone marrow microenvironment. Blood 2016; 127:3225-36. [PMID: 27127303 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-691162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we show that overexpression or activation of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) by its ligand, a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), promotes human multiple myeloma (MM) progression in vivo. BCMA downregulation strongly decreases viability and MM colony formation; conversely, BCMA overexpression augments MM cell growth and survival via induction of protein kinase B (AKT), MAPK, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling cascades. Importantly, BCMA promotes in vivo growth of xenografted MM cells harboring p53 mutation in mice. BCMA-overexpressing tumors exhibit significantly increased CD31/microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor compared with paired control tumors. These tumors also express increased transcripts crucial for osteoclast activation, adhesion, and angiogenesis/metastasis, as well as genes mediating immune inhibition including programmed death ligand 1, transforming growth factor β, and interleukin 10. These target genes are consistently induced by paracrine APRIL binding to BCMA on MM cells, which is blocked by an antagonistic anti-APRIL monoclonal antibody hAPRIL01A (01A). 01A is cytotoxic against MM cells even in the presence of protective bone marrow (BM) myeloid cells including osteoclasts, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. 01A further decreases APRIL-induced adhesion and migration of MM cells via blockade of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways. Moreover, 01A prevents in vivo MM cell growth within implanted human bone chips in SCID mice. Finally, the effect of 01A on MM cell viability is enhanced by lenalidomide and bortezomib. Taken together, these data delineate new molecular mechanisms of in vivo MM growth and immunosuppression critically dependent on BCMA and APRIL in the BM microenvironment, further supporting targeting this prominent pathway in MM.
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24
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Vincent L, Ceballos P, Plassot C, Méniane JC, Quittet P, Navarro R, Cyteval C, Szablewski V, Lu ZY, Kanouni T, Moreaux J, Cartron G, Klein B, Fegueux N. Factors influencing extramedullary relapse after allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e341. [PMID: 26295611 PMCID: PMC4558584 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Vincent
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - P Ceballos
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Plassot
- Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - J C Méniane
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Quittet
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - R Navarro
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Cyteval
- Département d'Imagerie Médicale CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - V Szablewski
- Département d'Anatomopathologie, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Z Y Lu
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - T Kanouni
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Moreaux
- INSERM, U1040, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Innovative Biology, Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France
| | - B Klein
- Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Biostatistiques, IURC, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1040, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Innovative Biology, Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Fegueux
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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25
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Tsukamoto S, Huang Y, Kumazoe M, Lesnick C, Yamada S, Ueda N, Suzuki T, Yamashita S, Kim YH, Fujimura Y, Miura D, Kay NE, Shanafelt TD, Tachibana H. Sphingosine Kinase-1 Protects Multiple Myeloma from Apoptosis Driven by Cancer-Specific Inhibition of RTKs. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2303-12. [PMID: 26264277 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) leads to ceramide accumulation and induces apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that the activation of ASM by targeting cancer-overexpressed 67-kDa laminin receptors (67LR) induces lipid raft disruption and inhibits receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation in multiple myeloma cells. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), a negative regulator of ceramide accumulation with antiapoptotic effects, was markedly elevated in multiple myeloma cells. The silencing of SphK1 potentiated the apoptotic effects of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), an activator of ASM through 67LR. Furthermore, the SphK1 inhibitor safingol synergistically sensitized EGCG-induced proapoptotic cell death and tumor suppression in multiple myeloma cells by promoting the prevention of RTK phosphorylation and activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). We propose that targeting 67LR/ASM and SphK1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Tsukamoto
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Connie Lesnick
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Ueda
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Food Functional Design Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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26
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Garcia-Gomez A, De Las Rivas J, Ocio EM, Díaz-Rodríguez E, Montero JC, Martín M, Blanco JF, Sanchez-Guijo FM, Pandiella A, San Miguel JF, Garayoa M. Transcriptomic profile induced in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after interaction with multiple myeloma cells: implications in myeloma progression and myeloma bone disease. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8284-305. [PMID: 25268740 PMCID: PMC4226683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence about the implication of the bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth and survival, little is known about the effects of myelomatous cells on BM stromal cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from healthy donors (dMSCs) or myeloma patients (pMSCs) were co-cultured with the myeloma cell line MM.1S, and the transcriptomic profile of MSCs induced by this interaction was analyzed. Deregulated genes after co-culture common to both d/pMSCs revealed functional involvement in tumor microenvironment cross-talk, myeloma growth induction and drug resistance, angiogenesis and signals for osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Additional genes induced by co-culture were exclusively deregulated in pMSCs and predominantly associated to RNA processing, the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway, cell cycle regulation, cellular stress and non-canonical Wnt signaling. The upregulated expression of five genes after co-culture (CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL6 in d/pMSCs, and Neuregulin 3 and Norrie disease protein exclusively in pMSCs) was confirmed, and functional in vitro assays revealed putative roles in MM pathophysiology. The transcriptomic profile of pMSCs co-cultured with myeloma cells may better reflect that of MSCs in the BM of myeloma patients, and provides new molecular insights to the contribution of these cells to MM pathophysiology and to myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Gomez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M Ocio
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Montero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan F Blanco
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermín M Sanchez-Guijo
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús F San Miguel
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
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27
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Bolomsky A, Hose D, Schreder M, Seckinger A, Lipp S, Klein B, Heintel D, Ludwig H, Zojer N. Insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) expression is linked to poor prognosis but may protect from bone disease in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:10. [PMID: 25887188 PMCID: PMC4333268 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a secreted protein binding insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and activin A. It antagonizes bone morphogenetic proteins and is involved in the tumour propagation of solid as well as haematological malignancies. Its role in multiple myeloma (MM) is not defined so far. We therefore aim here to investigate its prognostic and pathophysiological role in MM. Methods The clinical significance of IGFBP7 gene expression was investigated by gene expression profiling in two independent cohorts (n = 948) of newly-diagnosed MM patients. Methylation of the IGFBP7 promoter was analysed by pyrosequencing and treatment of MM cell lines with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. The impact of IGFBP7 on MM cells was studied by CCK-8 assay, BrdU assay and flow cytometry, respectively. IGFBP7 expression in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was studied by quantitative RT-PCR. For osteoblast development, immortalized and primary human BMSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 7–14 days in the presence of recombinant human IGFBP7 and/or activin A. Results Median IGFBP7 expression is significantly lower in CD138-purified plasma cells from individuals with MGUS and MM, compared to normal bone marrow plasma cells. IGFBP7 gene expression in MM cells is regulated by methylation, shown by pyrosequencing and exposure to demethylating agents (5-aza-2-deoxycytidine). High expression of IGFBP7 in MM cells is associated with adverse survival in two independent cohorts of 247 and 701 newly-diagnosed MM patients treated with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. IGFBP7 is associated with prognostically adverse chromosomal aberrations (t(4;14) and gain of 1q21), MMSET expression, and higher myeloma cell proliferation. In vitro, IGFBP7 overcomes activin A induced osteoblast suppression and promotes osteogenesis. MM cells downregulate IGFBP7 in stromal cells, possibly contributing to the osteoblast suppression found in MM. Conversely, higher IGFBP7 expression is associated with a lower probability of myeloma bone disease. Conclusions Our data indicate that IGFBP7 expression is a marker for a specific methylation pattern in myeloma, linked to translocation t(4;14) associated MMSET expression, showing clinical features of adverse prognosis with absence of myeloma bone disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-014-0105-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Bolomsky
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Schreder
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Lipp
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bernard Klein
- INSERM U1040, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Hospital St Eloi, Montpellier, France.
| | - Daniel Heintel
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Niklas Zojer
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Human IL6 is a cytokine produced by many cell types that has pleiotropic effects. In agreement, anti-IL6 therapy reduces inflammation, hepatic acute phase proteins, and anemia and has antiangiogenic effects. Blocking IL6 has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy with drug registration in Castleman disease and inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis) without major toxicity. Interestingly, the inhibition of C-reactive protein (CRP) production is a trustworthy surrogate marker of anti-IL6 therapy efficacy. Clinically registered IL6 inhibitors include siltuximab, an anti-IL6 mAb, and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6R mAb. In various cancers, in particular plasma cell cancers, large randomized trials showed no efficacy of IL6 inhibitors, despite a full inhibition of CRP production in treated patients in vivo, the numerous data showing an involvement of IL6 in these diseases, and initial short-term treatments demonstrating a dramatic inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vivo. A likely explanation is the plasticity of cancer cells, with the presence of various subclones, making the outgrowth of cancer subclones possible using growth factors other than IL6. In addition, current therapeutic strategies used in these cancers already target IL6 activity. Thus, anti-IL6 therapeutics are able to neutralize IL6 production in vivo and are safe and useful in inflammatory diseases and Castleman disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rossi
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France. Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France.
| | - Zhao-Yang Lu
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bernard Klein
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France. Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
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29
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Orlowski RZ, Gercheva L, Williams C, Sutherland H, Robak T, Masszi T, Goranova-Marinova V, Dimopoulos MA, Cavenagh JD, Špička I, Maiolino A, Suvorov A, Bladé J, Samoylova O, Puchalski TA, Reddy M, Bandekar R, van de Velde H, Xie H, Rossi JF. A phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of siltuximab (anti-IL-6 mAb) and bortezomib versus bortezomib alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:42-9. [PMID: 25294016 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We compared the safety and efficacy of siltuximab (S), an anti-interleukin-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody, plus bortezomib (B) with placebo (plc) + B in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in a randomized phase 2 study. Siltuximab was given by 6 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks. On progression, B was discontinued and high-dose dexamethasone could be added to S/plc. Response and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed pre-dexamethasone by European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. For the 281 randomized patients, median PFS for S + B and plc + B was 8.0 and 7.6 months (HR 0.869, P = 0.345), overall response rate was 55 versus 47% (P = 0.213), complete response rate was 11 versus 7%, and median overall survival (OS) was 30.8 versus 36.8 months (HR 1.353, P = 0.103). Sustained suppression of C-reactive protein, a marker reflective of inhibition of interleukin-6 activity, was seen with S + B. Siltuximab did not affect B pharmacokinetics. Siltuximab/placebo discontinuation (75 versus 66%), grade ≥3 neutropenia (49 versus 29%), thrombocytopenia (48 versus 34%), and all-grade infections (62 versus 49%) occurred more frequently with S + B. The addition of siltuximab to bortezomib did not appear to improve PFS or OS despite a numerical increase in response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z. Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Liana Gercheva
- University Hospital for Active Treatment “St. Marina,”; Varna Bulgaria
| | - Cathy Williams
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | | | - Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Łódź and Copernicus Memorial Hospital; Łódź Poland
| | - Tamás Masszi
- St. Istvan and St. Laszlo Hospital of Budapest and Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Špička
- Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Angelo Maiolino
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Joan Bladé
- Hospital Clinic i Provincial and Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer; Barcelona Spain
| | - Olga Samoylova
- Nizhniy Novgorod Region Clinical Hospital; Nizniy Novgorod Russia
| | | | - Manjula Reddy
- Janssen Research & Development; Spring House Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Hong Xie
- Janssen Research & Development; Spring House Pennsylvania
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30
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Zhang L, Morris JS, Zhang J, Orlowski RZ, Baladandayuthapani V. Bayesian joint selection of genes and pathways: applications in multiple myeloma genomics. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:113-23. [PMID: 25520554 PMCID: PMC4260770 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the development of a disease, especially cancer, is a complex process that results from the joint effects of multiple genes involved in various molecular signaling pathways. In this article, we propose methods to discover genes and molecular pathways significantly associated with clinical outcomes in cancer samples. We exploit the natural hierarchal structure of genes related to a given pathway as a group of interacting genes to conduct selection of both pathways and genes. We posit the problem in a hierarchical structured variable selection (HSVS) framework to analyze the corresponding gene expression data. HSVS methods conduct simultaneous variable selection at the pathway (group level) and the gene (within-group) level. To adapt to the overlapping group structure present in the pathway–gene hierarchy of the data, we developed an overlap-HSVS method that introduces latent partial effect variables that partition the marginal effect of the covariates and corresponding weights for a proportional shrinkage of the partial effects. Combining gene expression data with prior pathway information from the KEGG databases, we identified several gene–pathway combinations that are significantly associated with clinical outcomes of multiple myeloma. Biological discoveries support this relationship for the pathways and the corresponding genes we identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Professor, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Principal Statistical Analyst, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Professor, Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, and of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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Garcia-Gomez A, Sanchez-Guijo F, del Cañizo MC, San Miguel JF, Garayoa M. Multiple myeloma mesenchymal stromal cells: Contribution to myeloma bone disease and therapeutics. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:322-343. [PMID: 25126382 PMCID: PMC4131274 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i3.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy in which clonal plasma cells proliferate and accumulate within the bone marrow. The presence of osteolytic lesions due to increased osteoclast (OC) activity and suppressed osteoblast (OB) function is characteristic of the disease. The bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a critical role in multiple myeloma pathophysiology, greatly promoting the growth, survival, drug resistance and migration of myeloma cells. Here, we specifically discuss on the relative contribution of MSCs to the pathophysiology of osteolytic lesions in light of the current knowledge of the biology of myeloma bone disease (MBD), together with the reported genomic, functional and gene expression differences between MSCs derived from myeloma patients (pMSCs) and their healthy counterparts (dMSCs). Being MSCs the progenitors of OBs, pMSCs primarily contribute to the pathogenesis of MBD because of their reduced osteogenic potential consequence of multiple OB inhibitory factors and direct interactions with myeloma cells in the bone marrow. Importantly, pMSCs also readily contribute to MBD by promoting OC formation and activity at various levels (i.e., increasing RANKL to OPG expression, augmenting secretion of activin A, uncoupling ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling, and through augmented production of Wnt5a), thus further contributing to OB/OC uncoupling in osteolytic lesions. In this review, we also look over main signaling pathways involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and/or OB activity, highlighting amenable therapeutic targets; in parallel, the reported activity of bone-anabolic agents (at preclinical or clinical stage) targeting those signaling pathways is commented.
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32
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Rampa C, Tian E, Våtsveen TK, Buene G, Slørdahl TS, Børset M, Waage A, Sundan A. Identification of the source of elevated hepatocyte growth factor levels in multiple myeloma patients. Biomark Res 2014; 2:8. [PMID: 24716444 PMCID: PMC4022385 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine which can lead to cancer cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. In multiple myeloma (MM) patients it is an abundant component of the bone marrow. HGF levels are elevated in 50% of patients and associated with poor prognosis. Here we aim to investigate its source in myeloma. Methods HGF mRNA levels in bone marrow core biopsies from healthy individuals and myeloma patients were quantified by real-time PCR. HGF gene expression profiling in CD138+ cells isolated from bone marrow aspirates of healthy individuals and MM patients was performed by microarray analysis. HGF protein concentrations present in peripheral blood of MM patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytogenetic status of CD138+ cells was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA sequencing of the HGF gene promoter. HGF secretion in co-cultures of human myeloma cell lines and bone marrow stromal cells was measured by ELISA. Results HGF gene expression profiling in both bone marrow core biopsies and CD138+ cells showed elevated HGF mRNA levels in myeloma patients. HGF mRNA levels in biopsies and in myeloma cells correlated. Quantification of HGF protein levels in serum also correlated with HGF mRNA levels in CD138+ cells from corresponding patients. Cytogenetic analysis showed myeloma cell clones with HGF copy numbers between 1 and 3 copies. There was no correlation between HGF copy number and HGF mRNA levels. Co-cultivation of the human myeloma cell lines ANBL-6 and JJN3 with bone marrow stromal cells or the HS-5 cell line resulted in a significant increase in secreted HGF. Conclusions We here show that in myeloma patients HGF is primarily produced by malignant plasma cells, and that HGF production by these cells might be supported by the bone marrow microenvironment. Considering the fact that elevated HGF serum and plasma levels predict poor prognosis, these findings are of particular importance for patients harbouring a myeloma clone which produces large amounts of HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rampa
- The K. G. Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erming Tian
- The Donna D. and Donald M. Lambert Laboratory of Myeloma Genetics, Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thea Kristin Våtsveen
- The K. G. Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Glenn Buene
- The K. G. Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Schmidt Slørdahl
- The K. G. Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- The K. G. Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- The K. G. Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Section of Hematology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- The K. G. Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Jourdan M, Cren M, Robert N, Bolloré K, Fest T, Duperray C, Guilloton F, Hose D, Tarte K, Klein B. IL-6 supports the generation of human long-lived plasma cells in combination with either APRIL or stromal cell-soluble factors. Leukemia 2014; 28:1647-56. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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The glycome of normal and malignant plasma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83719. [PMID: 24386263 PMCID: PMC3873332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycome, i.e. the cellular repertoire of glycan structures, contributes to important functions such as adhesion and intercellular communication. Enzymes regulating cellular glycosylation processes are related to the pathogenesis of cancer including multiple myeloma. Here we analyze the transcriptional differences in the glycome of normal (n = 10) and two cohorts of 332 and 345 malignant plasma-cell samples, association with known multiple myeloma subentities as defined by presence of chromosomal aberrations, potential therapeutic targets, and its prognostic impact. We found i) malignant vs. normal plasma cells to show a characteristic glycome-signature. They can ii) be delineated by a lasso-based predictor from normal plasma cells based on this signature. iii) Cytogenetic aberrations lead to distinct glycan-gene expression patterns for t(11;14), t(4;14), hyperdiploidy, 1q21-gain and deletion of 13q14. iv) A 38-gene glycome-signature significantly delineates patients with adverse survival in two independent cohorts of 545 patients treated with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. v) As single gene, expression of the phosphatidyl-inositol-glycan protein M as part of the targetable glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchor-biosynthesis pathway is associated with adverse survival. The prognostically relevant glycome deviation in malignant cells invites novel strategies of therapy for multiple myeloma.
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Phillip CJ, Zaman S, Shentu S, Balakrishnan K, Zhang J, Baladandayuthapani V, Taverna P, Redkar S, Wang M, Stellrecht CM, Gandhi V. Targeting MET kinase with the small-molecule inhibitor amuvatinib induces cytotoxicity in primary myeloma cells and cell lines. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:92. [PMID: 24326130 PMCID: PMC3878866 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by the ligand HGF and this pathway promotes cell survival, migration, and motility. In accordance with its oncogenic role, MET is constitutively active, mutated, or over-expressed in many cancers. Corollary to its impact, inhibition of MET kinase activity causes reduction of the downstream signaling and demise of cells. In myeloma, a B-cell plasma malignancy, MET is neither mutated nor over-expressed, however, HGF is increased in plasma or serum obtained from myeloma patients and this was associated with poor prognosis. The small-molecule, amuvatinib, inhibits MET receptor tyrosine kinase. Based on this background, we hypothesized that targeting the HGF/MET signaling pathway is a rational approach to myeloma therapy and that myeloma cells would be sensitive to amuvatinib. METHODS Expression of MET and HGF mRNAs in normal versus malignant plasma cells was compared during disease progression. Cell death and growth as well as MET signaling pathway were assessed in amuvatinib treated primary myeloma cells and cell lines. RESULTS There was a progressive increase in the transcript levels of HGF (but not MET) from normal plasma cells to refractory malignant plasma cells. Amuvatinib readily inhibited MET phosphorylation in primary CD138+ cells from myeloma patients and in concordance, increased cell death. A 48-hr amuvatinib treatment in high HGF-expressing myeloma cell line, U266, resulted in growth inhibition. Levels of cytotoxicity were time-dependent; at 24, 48, and 72 h, amuvatinib (25 μM) resulted in 28%, 40%, and 55% cell death. Consistent with these data, there was an amuvatinib-mediated decrease in MET phosphorylation in the cell line. Amuvatinib at concentrations of 5, 10, or 25 μM readily inhibited HGF-dependent MET, AKT, ERK and GSK-3-beta phosphorylation. MET-mediated effects were not observed in myeloma cell line that has low MET and/or HGF expression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that at the cellular level MET/HGF pathway inclines with myeloma disease progression. Amuvatinib, a small molecule MET kinase inhibitor, is effective in inducing growth inhibition and cell death in myeloma cell lines as well as primary malignant plasma cells. These cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were associated with an impact on MET/HGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornel Joseph Phillip
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shadia Zaman
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shujun Shentu
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kumudha Balakrishnan
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Wang
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Marie Stellrecht
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Gao L, Zhang C, Zhang X, Gao L, Hao L, Chen XH. Human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells: a new resource for the proliferation and apoptosis of myeloma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:148-57. [PMID: 23896383 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can support multiple myeloma (MM) disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy. The proliferation of MM cells may be suppressed by modifying the hematopoietic microenvironment (HME). We have previously isolated human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells (hUCBDSCs) and observed that hUCBDSCs suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in KM3 cells. To examine the mechanism by which hUCBDSCs drive the inhibition of MM, KM3 cells were co-cultured with hUCBDSCs. METHODS Interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) expression levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of membrane IL-6 receptor (mIL-6R), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-XL as well as the location of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were assessed by laser confocal microscopy. The expression profiles of mIL-6R and ICAM-1 were also more precisely examined by flow cytometry, and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and inhibitor kappa B expression levels were analyzed by western blot. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6R, ICAM-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. NF-κB DNA-binding activity was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS The protein expression levels of both sIL-6R and mIL-6R were reduced in culture conditions when KM3 cells were co-cultured with hUCBDSCs; moreover, the mRNA expression levels of IL-6R were also reduced. Nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit was inhibited in KM3 cells by co-culture with hUCBDSCs. Moreover, hUCBDSCs inhibited NF-κB DNA-binding activity, thereby resulting in the downregulation of NF-κB-regulated proteins. CONCLUSION hUCBDSCs can suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in KM3 cells by both downregulating IL-6R expression and inhibiting NF-κB activity.
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Burbridge MF, Bossard CJ, Saunier C, Fejes I, Bruno A, Léonce S, Ferry G, Da Violante G, Bouzom F, Cattan V, Jacquet-Bescond A, Comoglio PM, Lockhart BP, Boutin JA, Cordi A, Ortuno JC, Pierré A, Hickman JA, Cruzalegui FH, Depil S. S49076 is a novel kinase inhibitor of MET, AXL, and FGFR with strong preclinical activity alone and in association with bevacizumab. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1749-62. [PMID: 23804704 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activity of the receptor tyrosine kinases MET, AXL, and FGFR1/2/3 has been associated with tumor progression in a wide variety of human malignancies, notably in instances of primary or acquired resistance to existing or emerging anticancer therapies. This study describes the preclinical characterization of S49076, a novel, potent inhibitor of MET, AXL/MER, and FGFR1/2/3. S49076 potently blocked cellular phosphorylation of MET, AXL, and FGFRs and inhibited downstream signaling in vitro and in vivo. In cell models, S49076 inhibited the proliferation of MET- and FGFR2-dependent gastric cancer cells, blocked MET-driven migration of lung carcinoma cells, and inhibited colony formation of hepatocarcinoma cells expressing FGFR1/2 and AXL. In tumor xenograft models, a good pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship for MET and FGFR2 inhibition following oral administration of S49076 was established and correlated well with impact on tumor growth. MET, AXL, and the FGFRs have all been implicated in resistance to VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors such as bevacizumab. Accordingly, combination of S49076 with bevacizumab in colon carcinoma xenograft models led to near total inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, S49076 alone caused tumor growth arrest in bevacizumab-resistant tumors. On the basis of these preclinical studies showing a favorable and novel pharmacologic profile of S49076, a phase I study is currently underway in patients with advanced solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1749-62. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F Burbridge
- Corresponding Author: Mike F. Burbridge, Oncology Research and Development Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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Winter O, Dame C, Jundt F, Hiepe F. Pathogenic long-lived plasma cells and their survival niches in autoimmunity, malignancy, and allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 189:5105-11. [PMID: 23169863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells survive in a protected microenvironment for years or even a lifetime and provide humoral memory by establishing persistent Ab titers. Long-lived autoreactive, malignant, and allergen-specific plasma cells are likewise protected in their survival niche and are refractory to immunosuppression, B cell depletion, and irradiation. Their elimination remains an essential therapeutic challenge. Recent data indicate that long-lived plasma cells reside in a multicomponent plasma cell niche with a stable mesenchymal and a dynamic hematopoietic component, both providing essential soluble and membrane-bound survival factors. Alternative niches with different hematopoietic cell components compensate fluctuations of single cell types but may also harbor distinct plasma cell subsets. In this Brief Review, we discuss conventional therapies in autoimmunity and multiple myeloma in comparison with novel drugs that target plasma cells and their niches. In the future, such strategies may enable the specific depletion of pathogenic plasma cells while leaving the protective humoral memory intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Winter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Pappa CA, Tsirakis G, Psarakis FE, Kolovou A, Tsigaridaki M, Stafylaki D, Sfiridaki K, Alexandrakis MG. Lack of correlation between angiogenic cytokines and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with multiple myeloma. Med Oncol 2012; 30:363. [PMID: 23266941 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are many growth factors influencing the expansion of multiple myeloma (MM). Angiogenesis is a process that may enhance MM growth, in various manners. Among them, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a major factor, acting in many levels. The aim of the study was to measure serum levels of IGF-1 in newly diagnosed MM patients and to correlate them with clinical stage of the disease and with markers of angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin-6 and 15 (IL-6 and IL-15). Serum levels of the above factors were measured, by ELISA, in 57 newly diagnosed MM patients and in 20 healthy controls. There was no difference in serum levels of IGF-1 in MM patients and in controls, contrary to angiogenic factors, which were higher in MM patients (p < 0.001). Similarly, IGF-1 did not correlate with clinical stage of the disease nor the other angiogenic factors, which also correlated with each other (p < 0.001). Serum IGF-1 concentrations are not influenced in MM patients. Therefore, although it is a proliferation cytokine, it cannot be used as marker of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Pappa
- Hematology Department, Venizelion Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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Agarwal A, Ghobrial IM. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma: a review of the current understanding of epidemiology, biology, risk stratification, and management of myeloma precursor disease. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:985-94. [PMID: 23224402 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The term monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was coined in 1978. The recent advances in our knowledge about MGUS and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) have helped us better understand the pathogenesis of myeloma. It seems that myeloma evolves from a precursor state in almost all cases. We do not completely understand the multistep process from the precursor state to myeloma, but studies like whole genome sequencing continue to improve our understanding of this process. The process of transformation may not be linear acquisition of changes, but rather a branched heterogeneous process. Clinical features that are prognostic of rapid transformation have been identified, but no specific molecular markers have been identified. Even with recent advances, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease in the vast majority, and intervening at the precursor state provides a unique opportunity to alter the natural history of the disease. A limitation is that a vast majority of patients with precursor disease, especially low-risk MGUS, will never progress to myeloma in their lifetime, and treating these patients is not only unnecessary but may be potentially harmful. The challenge is to identify a subset of patients with the precursor state that would definitely progress to myeloma and in whom interventions will have a meaningful impact. As our understanding of the molecular and genetic processes improves, these studies will guide the selection of high-risk patients more appropriately and ultimately direct a tailored management strategy to either delay progression to symptomatic myeloma or even "cure" a person at this premalignant stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 02215, USA
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Chung TH, Chng WJ. Clinical utility and implementation of gene-expression profiling in myeloma: current status and challenges. Int J Hematol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Multiple myeloma, a neoplasm of terminally differentiated plasma cell, is the second most frequent hematological malignancy after non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Gene-expression profiling is a powerful and sensitive tool that can detect global transcriptional changes in cells. This technology has been applied in myeloma studies in the last decade in diverse areas such as understanding molecular pathogenesis, role of microenvironment, molecular heterogeneity, prognosis prediction and identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we will briefly retrace the achievements and consider the future perspectives of gene-expression profiling in multiple myeloma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Prediagnosis biomarkers of insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, and interleukin-6 dysregulation and multiple myeloma risk in the Multiple Myeloma Cohort Consortium. Blood 2012; 120:4929-37. [PMID: 23074271 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-417253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin, and IL-6 are dysregulated in multiple myeloma pathogenesis and may also contribute to multiple myeloma etiology. To examine their etiologic role, we prospectively analyzed concentrations of serologic markers in 493 multiple myeloma cases and 978 controls from 8 cohorts in the Multiple Myeloma Cohort Consortium. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for multiple myeloma per 1-SD increase in biomarker concentration using conditional logistic regression. We examined heterogeneity by time since blood collection (≤ 3, 4- ≤ 6, and > 6 years) in stratified models. Fasting IGF binding protein-1 concentration was associated with multiple myeloma risk within 3 years (OR, 95% CI per 1-SD increase: 2.3, 1.4-3.8, P = .001) and soluble IL-6 receptor level was associated within 6 years after blood draw (OR (≤ 3 years), 95% CI, 1.4, 1.1-1.9, P = .01; OR(4- ≤ 6 years), 95% CI, 1.4, 1.1-1.7, P = .002). No biomarker was associated with longer-term multiple myeloma risk (ie, > 6 years). Interactions with time were statistically significant (IGF binding protein-1, P-heterogeneity = .0016; sIL6R, P-heterogeneity = .016). The time-restricted associations probably reflect the bioactivity of tumor and microenvironment cells in transformation from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or smoldering multiple myeloma to clinically manifest multiple myeloma.
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Cancer/Testis Antigen MAGE-C1/CT7: new target for multiple myeloma therapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:257695. [PMID: 22481966 PMCID: PMC3310219 DOI: 10.1155/2012/257695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a promising class of tumor antigens that have a limited expression in somatic tissues (testis, ovary, fetal, and placental cells). Aberrant expression of CTAs in cancer cells may lead to abnormal chromosome segregation and aneuploidy. CTAs are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and acetylation of histones) and are attractive targets for immunotherapy in cancer because the gonads are immune privileged organs and anti-CTA immune response can be tumor-specific. Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy, and several CTAs have been detected in many MM cell lines and patients. Among CTAs expressed in MM we must highlight the MAGE-C1/CT7 located on the X chromosome and expressed specificity in the malignant plasma cells. MAGE-C1/CT7 seems to be related to disease progression and functional studies suggests that this CTA might play a role in cell cycle and mainly in survival of malignant plasma cells, protecting myeloma cells against spontaneous as well as drug-induced apoptosis.
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Transcriptional silencing of the Wnt-antagonist DKK1 by promoter methylation is associated with enhanced Wnt signaling in advanced multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30359. [PMID: 22363428 PMCID: PMC3281831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various human cancers. In multiple myeloma (MM), aberrant auto-and/or paracrine activation of canonical Wnt signaling promotes proliferation and dissemination, while overexpression of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf1 (DKK1) by MM cells contributes to osteolytic bone disease by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Since DKK1 itself is a target of TCF/β-catenin mediated transcription, these findings suggest that DKK1 is part of a negative feedback loop in MM and may act as a tumor suppressor. In line with this hypothesis, we show here that DKK1 expression is low or undetectable in a subset of patients with advanced MM as well as in MM cell lines. This absence of DKK1 is correlated with enhanced Wnt pathway activation, evidenced by nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which in turn can be antagonized by restoring DKK1 expression. Analysis of the DKK1 promoter revealed CpG island methylation in several MM cell lines as well as in MM cells from patients with advanced MM. Moreover, demethylation of the DKK1 promoter restores DKK1 expression, which results in inhibition of β-catenin/TCF-mediated gene transcription in MM lines. Taken together, our data identify aberrant methylation of the DKK1 promoter as a cause of DKK1 silencing in advanced stage MM, which may play an important role in the progression of MM by unleashing Wnt signaling.
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Chiron D, Maïga S, Descamps G, Moreau P, Le Gouill S, Marionneau S, Ouiller T, Moreaux J, Klein B, Bataille R, Amiot M, Pellat-Deceunynck C. Critical role of the NOTCH ligand JAG2 in self-renewal of myeloma cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 48:247-53. [PMID: 22341562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the pathways associated with the ability of CD138(+) human myeloma cells to form colonies in a serum-free semi-solid human collagen-based assay. Only 26% (7 of 27) of human myeloma cell lines were able to spontaneously form colonies. This spontaneous clonogenic growth correlated with the expression of the NOTCH ligand JAG2 (p<0.001). Blocking JAG-NOTCH interactions with NOTCH-Fc chimeric molecules impaired self-colony formation, indicating a role for JAG-NOTCH pathway in colony formation. In two cell lines, silencing of JAG2 blocked both colony formation and in vivo tumor formation in immunocompromised mice. RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis revealed that JAG2 is often expressed by CD138(+) primary cells. Our results indicate that spontaneous clonogenic growth of myeloma cells requires the expression of JAG2.
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Abstract
Plasma cell neoplasms result from the clonal expansion of terminally differentiated, immunoglobulin heavy-chain class switched B cells that typically secrete a monoclonal immunoglobulin. The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of plasma cell neoplasms encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders, from the precursor disorder monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to plasma cell leukemia. The classification includes, in addition to precursor lesion MGUS, plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, immunoglobulin deposition diseases, and osteosclerotic myeloma. Plasma cell myeloma is further divided into symptomatic plasma cell myeloma or multiple myeloma (MM), asymptomatic smoldering myeloma (SMM), non-secretory myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia. Although histopathologic cut-off criteria are incorporated into the classification schema, distinction between MGUS, SMM, and MM depends primarily on the presence or absence of end-organ damage, as defined by "CRAB" criteria (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, lytic bone lesions, or a combination of these). Systematic evaluation of pathogenetic differences between MGUS and MM should offer invaluable insights into early myelomagenesis. Given the complex, intertwined nature of the malignant plasma cell and its surroundings, multiple pathogenetic mechanisms play a critical role in interactions between neoplastic cells and their microenvironment. Understanding the events leading to end-organ damage, like anemia and bone remodeling, is a critical part of investigating early myelomagenesis and should provide us with better tools for early identification and treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Korde
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1508, USA
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Lemaire M, Deleu S, De Bruyne E, Van Valckenborgh E, Menu E, Vanderkerken K. The microenvironment and molecular biology of the multiple myeloma tumor. Adv Cancer Res 2011; 110:19-42. [PMID: 21704227 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386469-7.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly plasma cell cancer that resides in the bone marrow (BM). Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of the BM microenvironment supporting tumor growth, angiogenesis, bone disease and drug resistance. Reciprocal interactions between the different components of the BM microenvironment and the MM cells are necessary to regulate migration, differentiation, proliferation and survival of the malignant plasma cells. In this review we focus on the interactions and molecular mechanisms by which the BM microenvironment exert these effects. Better understanding of these interactions and the study of the epigenetic changes that tumor cells undergo are necessary in order to improve current treatments and for the discovery of new therapies that may eventually lead to a potential cure.
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Klein B, Seckinger A, Moehler T, Hose D. Molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma: chromosomal aberrations, changes in gene expression, cytokine networks, and the bone marrow microenvironment. Recent Results Cancer Res 2011; 183:39-86. [PMID: 21509680 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85772-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on two aspects of myeloma pathogenesis: (1) chromosomal aberrations and resulting changes in gene and protein expression with a special focus on growth and survival factors of malignant (and normal) plasma cells and (2) the remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment induced by accumulating myeloma cells. We begin this chapter with a discussion of normal plasma cell generation, their survival, and a novel class of inhibitory factors. This is crucial for the understanding of multiple myeloma, as several abilities attributed to malignant plasma cells are already present in their normal counterpart, especially the production of survival factors and interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment (niche). The chapter closes with a new model of pathogenesis of myeloma.
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