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Zou Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Guo Q, Song Z, Tang H. Prognostic value of PD‑L1 expression and CD68 macrophages in tumor nest of patients with primary gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:20. [PMID: 38058467 PMCID: PMC10696633 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The programmed death receptor 1/programmed death receptor ligand 1 axis (PD-1/PD-L1) is involved in tumor immune escape and is a potential prognostic biomarker and anti-tumor immunotherapy target in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the results of studies obtained in recent years have been inconsistent. The present study aimed to determine the possible predictive significance of PD-L1 in conjunction with three proteins linked with PD-L1 regulation in patients with primary GC. In the present study, the PD-L1, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cluster of differentiation (CD)133 and microphage-associated CD68 expression levels were identified by multiplexed immunohistochemistry and assessed by automated pathological analysis system in 93 GC tumors and neighboring normal tissues arrayed on the same tissue microarray. All four proteins were statistically analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics. The expression levels of HER2, CD133 and CD68 were considerably higher in cancer tissues compared with neighboring normal tissues (P<0.05), however, the reverse trend was detected for PD-L1 expression (P=0.0577), particularly in tumor nest (TN; P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the HER2 and CD133 expression levels and clinicopathological factors. However, significant relationships were found between PD-L1 expression and the TNM stage, pathological differentiation and survival status of patients (P<0.05). Moreover, survival time was prolonged in individuals with elevated PD-L1 expression in TN and GC tissues, but no significant correlation was identified (P=0.0881). The CD68 expression level in tumor stroma, but not in TN, was significantly correlated with poor pathological differentiation in patients with GC (P<0.05). However, PD-L1+CD68+ macrophages were strongly related to lower tumor size (diameter <5 cm), early TNM stage (stage I+II), good pathological differentiation and overall survival in TN (P<0.05). In conclusion, PD-L1+CD68+ macrophage infiltration in TN might be a potential indicator of prognosis in patients with primary GC and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Zou
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhengji Song
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Du M, Wang X, Zhuang S, Lou K, Li G, Xie X, Wang M, Zang H, Wang M, Shen W. Quantitative parameters in novel spectral computed tomography for assessing gastric cancer and cell proliferation. Eur J Radiol 2023; 167:111052. [PMID: 37643557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic ability of novel spectral CT-derived parameters for gastric cancer histological types and Ki-67 expression. METHODS A total of 72 patients with histologically proven gastric cancer (GC) were retrospectively included in this study. All patients underwent dual-phase enhanced abdominal spectral CT. The arterial (AP) and venous phase (VP) slope of the spectral curve (λHU), iodine concentration (IC), normalized IC (NIC), effective atomic number (Zeff) and iodine-no-water concentration were retrospectively compared between patients with low and high Ki-67 expression levels and with different histological types in GC patients. The ROI was outlined independently by two senior physicians, and the average of three measurements at the largest level was taken. In addition, interobserver reproducibility was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. Correlations between quantitative parameters and Ki-67 expression levels were assessed by Spearman's correlation coefficients. RESULTS The values between the mucinous group and nonmucinous carcinoma group were significantly different in both phases. The IC, NIC, and iodine-no-water concentration in the VP were significantly different among the Ki-67_L, Ki-67_M, and Ki-67_H groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between Ki-67 expression levels and IC, NIC, and iodine-no-water concentration in the VP, with correlation coefficients of 0.304, 0.424, and 0.322, respectively. CONCLUSION Quantitative spectral parameters can discriminate between low and high Ki-67 expression and different histological types in GC. The NIC, IC and iodine-no-water concentration can be useful parameters for evaluating of Ki-67 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Du
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuhao Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexin Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenrong Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
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Zhao H, Jiang R, Zhang C, Feng Z, Wang X. LncRNA H19-rich extracellular vesicles derived from gastric cancer stem cells facilitate tumorigenicity and metastasis via mediating intratumor communication network. J Transl Med 2023; 21:238. [PMID: 37005676 PMCID: PMC10067256 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport biologically active molecules, and represent a recently identified way of intercellular communication. Recent evidence has also reported that EVs shed by cancer stem cells (CSCs) make a significant contribution to carcinogenesis and metastasis. Here, this study aims to explore the possible molecular mechanism of CSCs-EVs in gastric cancer (GC) by mediating intratumor communication network. METHODS CSCs and non-stem cancer cells (NSCCs) were sorted from GC cells, and EVs were isolated from CSCs. H19 was knocked down in CSCs, and CSCs-EVs or CSCs-EVs containing shRNA-H19 (CSCs-EVs-sh-H19) were co-cultured with NSCCs, followed by evaluation of the malignant behaviors and stemness of NSCCs. Mouse models of GC were established and injected with CSCs-EVs from sh-H19-treated NSCCs in vivo. RESULTS CSCs had notable self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity compared with NSCCs. CSCs promoted the malignant behaviors of NSCCs and expression of stemness marker proteins through secretion of EVs. Inhibited secretion of CSCs-EVs curtailed the tumorigenicity and metastasis of NSCCs in vivo. H19 could be delivered by CSCs-EVs into NSCCs. H19 promoted the malignant behaviors of NSCCs and stemness marker protein expression in vitro along with tumorigenicity and liver metastasis in vivo, which was mechanistically associated with activation of the YAP/CDX2 signaling axis. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study points to the importance of a novel regulatory axis H19/YAP/CDX2 in carcinogenic and metastatic potential of CSCs-EVs in GC, which may be potential targets for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 131 Huancheng Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongke Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 131 Huancheng Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing Feng
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 131 Huancheng Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
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Takahashi Y, Matsuo K, Shiozawa T, Suzuki K, Shimizu H, Tanaka K. Prognostic implications of histologic growth patterns and tumor-infiltrating macrophages in colorectal liver metastases. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:6. [PMID: 36596987 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histopathologic patterns at the invasion fronts of tumors predict metastatic potential and prognosis in several cancers. We examined whether such patterns at the interface between colorectal liver metastases and hepatic parenchyma have similar prognostic value. METHODS Microscopic growth patterns at edges of metastases including desmoplasia, pushing borders, and replacement of hepatocytes were retrospectively analyzed with respect to surgical outcomes in 142 patients who underwent hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. RESULTS Patterns included desmoplasia in 58 patients (41%), hepatocyte replacement in 41 (29%), and pushing borders in 43 (30%). Maximum metastasis diameter and serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration in patients showing desmoplastic tumor growth were lower than those in others (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Disease-free survival and overall survival were better in patients showing desmoplastic growth, while a non-desmoplastic tumor growth pattern showed a negative influence. More cluster of differentiation (CD) 68-positive M1 macrophages and fewer CD206-positive M2 macrophages were demonstrated at interfaces of tumors with hepatic parenchyma when desmoplasia was present, although markers for proliferative activity (MIB1 index) and metastatic potential (E-cadherin expression) appeared uninfluenced by desmoplasia. CONCLUSION Better long-term results were associated with metastatic tumors showing desmoplastic growth patterns at invasion fronts, which may reflect local immune state in a prognostically useful manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takahashi
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuo
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Shiozawa
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan.
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Yang Y, Meng WJ, Wang ZQ. The origin of gastric cancer stem cells and their effects on gastric cancer: Novel therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960539. [PMID: 36185219 PMCID: PMC9520244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Furthermore, the prognosis of advanced GC remains poor even after surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy. As a small group of cells with unlimited differentiation and self-renewal ability in GC, accumulating evidence shows that GC stem cells (GCSCs) are closely associated with the refractory characteristics of GC, such as drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. With the extensive development of research on GCSCs, GCSCs seem to be promising therapeutic targets for GC. However, the relationship between GCSCs and GC is profound and intricate, and its mechanism of action is still under exploration. In this review, we elaborate on the source and key concepts of GCSCs, systematically summarize the role of GCSCs in GC and their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we review the latest information available on the treatment of GC by targeting GCSCs. Thus, this article may provide a theoretical basis for the future development of the novel targets based on GCSCs for the treatment of GC.
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Hefni AM, Sayed AM, Hussien MT, Abdalla AZ, Gabr AG. CD133 is an independent predictive and prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:207-215. [PMID: 36120770 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and is considered the most common cell surface marker to identify cancer stem cells in hematological and solid tumors, including breast cancer. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of immunohistochemical expression of CD133 on response rate and survival in metastatic breast cancer, as well as to correlate it with various demographics and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS One-hundred metastatic breast cancer patients were prospectively recruited at the Medical Oncology Department at South Egypt Cancer Institute during the period from January 2018 to January 2020. RESULTS There was a statistically significant correlation between CD133 positive patients with various adverse clinicopathological parameters such as high grade (p= 0.013), higher tumor (p= 0.001), and nodal staging (p= 0.024) during a median follow-up time of 17 months. In addition, Cases with CD133 positive expression had a significantly lower survival time than those with negative expression (3-years OS 37.4% versus 85.5%, p= 0.024). Regarding the response rate, CD133 positive patients had a lower response rate than negative patients (50% versus 54%, p= 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Positive CD133 is correlated with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mubarak Hefni
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayat Mohammed Sayed
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa T Hussien
- Oncologic Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Gomaa Gabr
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Nakagomi E, Mikami T, Funahashi K, Okazumi S, Shibuya K, Hiruta N, Igarashi Y. Cancer stem cell markers CD44v9+/CD133- are associated with low apoptosis in both sporadic and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancers. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:587-595. [PMID: 35224715 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate tumor cell behavior associated with cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression, the expression of CD133, CD44v9, and ALDH1A1, which are considered markers of CSCs, was examined in sporadic and ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colorectal tumors. METHODS A total of 23 cases of sporadic colorectal cancer and 44 cases of adenoma were collected. Additionally, 22 cancer lesions and 38 dysplasia lesions were selected from 28 colectomy cases of UC with neoplastic lesions. Lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies against CD133, CD44v9, ALDH1A1, Ki-67, cleaved-Caspase 3, and p53. RESULTS CD133, CD44v9, and ALDH1A1 showed higher expression in both sporadic and UC-associated tumors than in the normal mucosa. ALDH1A1 expression in sporadic cancer was higher in the right colon than in the left colon (p=0.0089). ALDH1A1 expression in UC-associated cancer was higher in those with longer disease duration than in those with shorter disease duration (p=0.019). The CD44v9+/CD133- region had fewer cleaved-Caspase 3 positive cells in both sporadic and UC-associated cancers. In sporadic cancer, CD133+/ALDH1A1+ regions had fewer apoptotic cells than CD133+/ALDH1A1- regions, while CD133+/ALDH1A1- regions were less proliferative than CD133+/ALDH1A1+ regions in UC-associated cancer. CONCLUSION CD44+/CD133- regions were commonly associated with low apoptosis in sporadic and UC-associated cancers; thus, these were considered target areas for CSCs. Additionally, the combination of markers comprising CSCs may differ between sporadic and UC-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakagomi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Funahashi
- Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okazumi
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Igarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Otaegi-Ugartemendia M, Matheu A, Carrasco-Garcia E. Impact of Cancer Stem Cells on Therapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061457. [PMID: 35326607 PMCID: PMC8946717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an average 5-year survival rate of 32%, being of 6% for patients presenting distant metastasis. Despite the advances made in the treatment of GC, chemoresistance phenomena arise and promote recurrence, dissemination and dismal prognosis. In this context, gastric cancer stem cells (gCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells that exhibit unique characteristics, are decisive in therapy failure. gCSCs develop different protective mechanisms, such as the maintenance in a quiescent state as well as enhanced detoxification procedures and drug efflux activity, that make them insusceptible to current treatments. This, together with their self-renewal capacity and differentiation ability, represents major obstacles for the eradication of this disease. Different gCSC regulators have been described and used to isolate and characterize these cell populations. However, at the moment, no therapeutic strategy has achieved the effective targeting of gCSCs. This review will focus on the properties of cancer stem cells in the context of therapy resistance and will summarize current knowledge regarding the impact of the gCSC regulators that have been associated with GC chemoradioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-006296
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Hsieh HL, Yu MC, Cheng LC, Yeh TS, Tsai MM. Molecular mechanism of therapeutic approaches for human gastric cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:76-91. [PMID: 35126829 PMCID: PMC8788185 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and even after therapeutic gastrectomy, survival rates remain poor. The presence of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) is thought to be the major reason for resistance to anticancer treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy), and for the development of tumor recurrence, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and metastases. Additionally, GCSCs have the capacity for self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor initiation. They also synthesize antiapoptotic factors, demonstrate higher performance of drug efflux pumps, and display cell plasticity abilities. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment (TME; tumor niche) that surrounds GCSCs contains secreted growth factors and supports angiogenesis and is thus responsible for the maintenance of the growing tumor. However, the genesis of GCSCs is unclear and exploration of the source of GCSCs is essential. In this review, we provide up-to-date information about GCSC-surface/intracellular markers and GCSC-mediated pathways and their role in tumor development. This information will support improved diagnosis, novel therapeutic approaches, and better prognosis using GCSC-targeting agents as a potentially effective treatment choice following surgical resection or in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To date, most anti-GCSC blockers when used alone have been reported as unsatisfactory anticancer agents. However, when used in combination with adjuvant therapy, treatment can improve. By providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of GCSCs associated with tumors in GC, the aim is to optimize anti-GCSCs molecular approaches for GC therapy in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei 236, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
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Soleimani A, Dadjoo P, Avan A, Soleimanpour S, Rajabian M, Ferns G, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Emerging roles of CD133 in the treatment of gastric cancer, a novel stem cell biomarker and beyond. Life Sci 2022; 293:120050. [PMID: 35026215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive disease with one of the highest mortality rates in the world. In the early stage, most patients are asymptomatic and early diagnosis is difficult. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been highlighted as crucial emerging factors in the initiation or invasiveness of solid tumors. CD133, a CSC marker, is highly expressed in various tumors including gastric cancer. CD133-positive cells showed elevated malignant biological behaviors and CD133 upregulation is related to chemoresistance, cancer relapse, and poor prognosis. CD133 also plays an important role in the progression of tumors and metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of CD133 expression in GC and aims to contribute at identifying promising new strategies for treatment and management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Dadjoo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rajabian
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Po Box19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kwak MH, Yang SM, Yun SK, Kim S, Choi MG, Park JM. Identification and validation of LGR5-binding peptide for molecular imaging of gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:93-99. [PMID: 34628260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a stem cell marker in gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to produce the LGR5-targeting peptide probe for the use of molecular imaging for gastric cancer. We used phage display libraries to produce a LGR5-specific peptide probe. This peptide was validated for targeting gastric cancer with in vitro and in vivo studies. This peptide was tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5). We used two normal and three gastric cancer cell lines. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis were used to validate the target specificity of the peptide. After three rounds of bio-panning, we found a novel 7-mer peptides, IPQILSI (IPQ∗). FITC-conjugated IPQ∗ showed 2 to 10 times higher fluorescence in gastric cancer cells vs. control cells in ICC. This discrimination was consistently observed using Cy5.5-conjugated IPQ∗ in ICC. FACS analysis showed right shift of peak point in gastric cancers compared to the control cells. In the peritoneal metastasis animal model, we could find Cy5.5-conjugated IPQ∗ accumulated specifically to gastric tumors. In conclusion, IPQ∗ peptide showed a specific probe for gastric cancer diagnosis. This probe can be applied to theragnosis for gastric cancer diagnosis including peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hwa Kwak
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Mok Yang
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Yun
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Myung Park
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Abd-Allah MYY, Abdel-Salam RA, Refat S. Immunohistochemical expression of FOXP3 in gastric carcinoma; its relation to Ki-67 proliferation marker, HER2/neu expression, and other clinicopathological parameters. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 43:1959341. [PMID: 34806545 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1959341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is common cancer in the world. Contradictory results regarding FOXP3 expression in gastric carcinoma were detected and the role of Ki-67 in prognosis is not completely understood. Furthermore, due to increasing use of anti-HER2 drug trastuzumab for gastric cancer, assessment of HER2 expression becomes important. This study tried to assess the FOXP3 expression in gastric carcinoma and to study the relation between its expression and Ki-67 and HER2/neu expression and relation between their expression and other clinicopathological variables. This retrospective study was carried out on 60 gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical staining for FOXP3, Ki-67 and HER2/neu were done and then assessed and scored. HER2/neu expression showed significant relation to Lauren histological type and lymph node status. High Ki-67 index was related significantly to patients' age, lympho-vascular tumor emboli, peri-neural invasion, tumor grade, lymph node status, and cancer stage. There was significant relation between high FOXP3 expression and patients' age, lympho-vascular tumor emboli, peri-neural invasion, tumor grade, lymph node status, and cancer stage. Direct positive significant relationships between HER2/neu, Ki-67, and FOXP3 expression were noticed. Finally, high FOXP3 expression, positive HER2/neu, and high Ki-67 nuclear proliferation index may be an indication of the aggressiveness of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Y Y Abd-Allah
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Assistant Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt
| | - Ramy Ahmed Abdel-Salam
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Assistant Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt
| | - Sherine Refat
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Assistant Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt
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13
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Cancerous and non-neoplastic stem cells in the stomach similarly express CD44 and CD133. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151787. [PMID: 34517259 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD44 and CD133 have been considered as cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. Stem cell markers are rarely described in healthy stomach tissues. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of CD44 and CD133 in gastric cancer remains controversial. This study investigated the expression of CD44 and CD133 in gastric cancer and non-neoplastic gastric mucosa. We used samples of primary gastric adenocarcinomas (n = 69), metastatic lymph nodes (n = 30), intestinal metaplasia (n = 17), and histologically normal gastric tissues of surgical margins (n = 54). The expression of CD44 and CD133 were studied in samples by immunohistochemistry. Fisher's exact test and a logistic regression model were used in this study. CD44 expression was observed in 12% of samples with intestinal metaplasia, 20% with lymph node metastases, 22% with normal mucosa, to 30% of samples with primary tumors. Most of these positive tumors showed immunostaining in less than 4% of cancerous cells, mainly in the diffuse type. CD133 expression was observed in 7% (intestinal metaplasia) to 46% (normal mucosa). In the positive cases of cancer (24%), in most of them, less than 3% of cells were marked. CD44 and CD133 expression in the histologically normal gastric mucosa was restricted to the deeper regions of the gastric crypts at the level where stem cells and progenitor cells are usually found. CD44 and CD133 expression occurs in few gastric cancer cells, mainly in diffuse carcinomas, and are expressed in histologically normal gastric mucosae. None of the markers are specific for cancer and are also present in intestinal metaplasia and the normal mucosa.
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14
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Razmi M, Ghods R, Vafaei S, Sahlolbei M, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z. Clinical and prognostic significances of cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:139. [PMID: 33639931 PMCID: PMC7912890 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is considered one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, which is accompanied by a poor prognosis. Although reports regarding the importance of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in gastric cancer progression have rapidly developed over the last few decades, their clinicopathological and prognostic values in gastric cancer still remain inconclusive. Therefore, the current meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively re-evaluate the association of CSC markers expression, overall and individually, with GC patients’ clinical and survival outcomes. Methods Literature databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase were searched to identify the eligible articles. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recorded or calculated to determine the relationships between CSC markers expression positivity and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS)/ cancer-specific survival (CSS), and clinicopathological features. Results We initially retrieved 4,425 articles, of which a total of 66 articles with 89 studies were considered as eligible for this meta-analysis, comprising of 11,274 GC patients. Overall data analyses indicated that the overexpression of CSC markers is associated with TNM stage (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.84–2.61, P = 0.013), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.54–2.02, P < 0.001), worse OS (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.54–1.77, P < 0.001), poor CSS/DSS (HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.33–2.15, P < 0.001), and unfavorable DFS/RFS (HR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.90–2.89, P < 0.001) in GC patients. However, CSC markers expression was found to be slightly linked to tumor differentiation (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.55, P = 0.035). Sub-analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between most of the individual markers, specially Gli-1, Oct-4, CD44, CD44V6, and CD133, and clinical outcomes as well as the reduced survival, whereas overexpression of Lgr-5, Nanog, and sonic hedgehog (Shh) was not found to be related to the majority of clinical outcomes in GC patients. Conclusion The expression of CSC markers is mostly associated with worse outcomes in patients with GC, both overall and individual. The detection of a combined panel of CSC markers might be appropriate as a prognostic stratification marker to predict tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with GC, which probably results in identifying novel potential targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sahlolbei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Piao L, Che N, Li H, Li M, Feng Y, Liu X, Kim S, Jin Y, Xuan Y. SETD8 promotes stemness characteristics and is a potential prognostic biomarker of gastric adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104560. [PMID: 33127342 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SETD8 is a lysine methyltransferase containing an SET domain, which is involved in the carcinogenesis of many cancer types through monomethylation of the histone H4 lysine 20. However, its prognostic value and underlying mechanisms in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) have not been extensively studied. Here, we assessed SETD8 expression and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters, cancer stemness-related proteins, cell cycle-related proteins, and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins in GA. SETD8 expression in GA tissues was correlated with the primary tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, gross type, and clinical stage. SETD8 was an independent predictor of poor overall survival of patients with GA. Cox regression analysis showed that SETD8 is a potential biomarker of unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with GA. Moreover, SETD8 overexpression was associated with cancer stemness-related genes, cell cycle-related genes, and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway genes in clinical GA tissue samples. SETD8 silencing downregulated the expression of cancer stemness-associated genes (LSD1 and SOX2) and inhibited GA cell proliferation, spheroid formation, invasion, and migration. Additionally, LY294002 significantly reduced the expression of SETD8, pAkt-Ser473, pPI3K-p85, and NFκB-p65 in MKN74 and MKN28 cells. SETD8 may be a novel cancer stemness-associated protein and potential prognostic biomarker in GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Piao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Nan Che
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Haoyue Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Mengxuan Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Ying Feng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xingzhe Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Seokhyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Xuan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China.
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16
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Pádua D, Figueira P, Ribeiro I, Almeida R, Mesquita P. The Relevance of Transcription Factors in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Identification and Eradication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:442. [PMID: 32626705 PMCID: PMC7314965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and colorectal cancers have a high incidence and mortality worldwide. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor mass has been indicated as the main reason for tumor relapse, metastasis and therapy resistance, leading to poor overall survival. Thus, the elimination of CSCs became a crucial goal for cancer treatment. The identification of these cells has been performed by using cell-surface markers, a reliable approach, however it lacks specificity and usually differs among tumor type and in some cases even within the same type. In theory, the ideal CSC markers are those that are required to maintain their stemness features. The knowledge that CSCs exhibit characteristics comparable to normal stem cells that could be associated with the expression of similar transcription factors (TFs) including SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, KLF4 and c-Myc, and signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (Hh), Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR directed the attention to the use of these similarities to identify and target CSCs in different tumor types. Several studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of some TFs and the dysregulation of signaling pathways are associated with tumorigenesis and CSC phenotype. The disclosure of common and appropriate biomarkers for CSCs will provide an incredible tool for cancer prognosis and treatment. Therefore, this review aims to gather the new insights in gastric and colorectal CSC identification specially by using TFs as biomarkers and divulge promising drugs that have been found and tested for targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pádua
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Figueira
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mesquita
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Qi W, Yang Z, Feng Y, Li H, Che N, Liu L, Xuan Y. Gli1 regulates stemness characteristics in gastric adenocarcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:60. [PMID: 32430068 PMCID: PMC7236965 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), affects the progression and the stemness characteristics of malignant carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to identify the relation between Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) and stemness and determine its clinical significance in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). We investigated Gli1 expression and its correlation with other stemness-associated proteins in 169 GA samples and 5 GA cell lines. Methods To elucidate the role of Gli1 in the clinicopathological significance and stemness of GA, tissues samples from 169 GA patients were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, MKN74, MKN28, NCI-N87, SNU638, AGS cells were collected for western blotting, MKN28 cells were collected for spheroid formation assay. Results Results showed that Gli1 expression was closely related to tumor grade, primary tumor (pT) stage, distant metastasis, clinical stage, gross type, microvessel density, and shorter overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis verified that Gli1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Furthermore, Gli1 expression correlated with the expression of stemness-related genes, CD44, LSD1, and Sox9. Gli1 inhibitor GANT61 significantly decreased the expression of CD44 and LSD1, and spheroid formation ability of the MKN28 cells. Conclusions In conclusion, Gli1 may be a poor prognostic indicator and a potential cancer stemness-related protein in GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Qi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaoting Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Haoyue Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Nan Che
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
| | - Yanhua Xuan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China. .,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.
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18
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LETM1 is a potential biomarker that predicts poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 112:104333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Attia S, Atwan N, Arafa M, Shahin RA. Expression of CD133 as a cancer stem cell marker in invasive gastric carcinoma. Pathologica 2019; 111:18-23. [PMID: 31217618 PMCID: PMC8138537 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-51-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastric cancer is considered to be the fourth most common malignancy worldwide and the second cause of cancer deaths. Regarding the cancer stem cells (CSCs) theory, they are a small group of tumor cells with unrestricted self-renewal and differentiation abilities that help tumor formation. There is an interest in the utility of CD133 as a promising marker to detect the tumor stem cell population for a variety of solid malignancies including gastric cancer. Tumors that express stem cell markers such as CD133 are found to be more aggressive tumors with poor prognosis and high liability for recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CD133 in invasive gastric carcinoma and study the relation between CD133 immunohistochemical expression and different clinicopathological parameters. Material and methods 77 cases of gastric carcinoma were collected from the surgical pathology unit at the Gastroenterology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt. CD133 expression in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results CD133 expression positively correlated with tumor metastasis and recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed CD133 positivity to be an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence (P = 0.03). Conclusion CD133 is a good marker that can predict tumor recurrence and metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Even though, studies regarding CSCs are still in their initial stages especially those related to CD133 in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Attia
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - N Atwan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - M Arafa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - R A Shahin
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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20
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Xiong DD, Zeng CM, Jiang L, Luo DZ, Chen G. Ki-67/MKI67 as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Outcome in Gastric Cancer Patients: an Updated Meta-analysis and Systematic Review involving 53 Studies and 7078 Patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:5339-5354. [PMID: 31632479 PMCID: PMC6775696 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) threatens human health worldwide and we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical value of Ki-67/MKI67 in patients with GC. The combined hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to assess the relationships of Ki-67/MKI67 expression with prognoses and clinicopathological characteristics. Genes co-expressed with MKI67 were collected for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. In total, 53 studies with 7078 patients were included in this study. The pooled HRs indicated that an elevated expression of Ki-67/MKI67 predicted an unfavorable overall survival (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.33-1.78, P<0.0001) and disease-free survival (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.43-3.64, P<0.0001) in GC patients. Additionally, in patients with advanced GC, a high Ki-67/MKI67 expression was also significantly connected with OS (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18-1.60, P<0.0001). The combined ORs showed that Ki-67/MKI67 expression was related to TNM stage (stage III/IV versus stage I/II: OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.34-2.78, P<0.0001), tumor differentiation (poor versus well/moderate: OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.32-2.85, P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (yes versus no: OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.23-2.25, P=0.001), distant metastasis (yes versus no: OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.24-2.26, P=0.001) and tumor invasion depth (T3/T4 versus Tis/T1/T2: OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.60-2.44, P<0.0001). The results of GO, KEGG pathway and PPI network analyses indicated that Ki-67/MKI67 may be involved in the development of GC via influencing P53 signaling pathway. Ki-67/MKI67 could be a potential indicator to predict the prognosis of patients with GC and identify high-risk cases. Detecting Ki-67/MKI67 expression in clinic may be helpful in optimizing individual treatment and further improving the survival expectancy of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Chu-Mei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Dian-Zhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
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21
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Brungs D, Lochhead A, Iyer A, Illemann M, Colligan P, Hirst NG, Splitt A, Liauw W, Vine KL, Pathmanandavel S, Carolan M, Becker TM, Aghmesheh M, Ranson M. Expression of cancer stem cell markers is prognostic in metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Pathology 2019; 51:474-480. [PMID: 31230819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is a common and highly lethal malignancy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a key role in the development and progression of metastatic disease. While expression of CSC markers CD44, CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in locoregional gastroesophageal cancer is known to be associated with poorer clinical outcomes, the significance of CSC marker expression in distal metastatic disease is unknown. We investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic associations of the CSC markers, CD44, CD133, and ALDH1, on metastatic deposits from gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, and evaluated the association of CSC expression with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression. Of the 36 patients included in the study, 16 (44%) were positive for CD44, 13 (36%) were positive for CD133, and 26 (72%) were positive for ALDH1. CD44 expression was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-6.9, p=0.008] and multivariate analyses (HR 2.5, 95%CI 1.1-6.2, p=0.04). ALDH1 expression was significantly associated with poorer OS in univariate (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.01-5.7, p=0.04) analysis but was not significant in multivariate analysis. Both CD44 and ALDH1 expression were significantly associated with uPAR expression. We found no association between CD133 expression and OS. CD44 expression on metastatic disease from gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas is an independent prognostic marker associated with poorer OS. These results expand current evidence to support the role of CSCs as biomarkers in metastatic gastroesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brungs
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Anita Iyer
- Southern IML Pathology, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Illemann
- Biotech Research Innovation Centre - BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ashleigh Splitt
- Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Winston Liauw
- Department of Medical Oncology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kara L Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Martin Carolan
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, NSW, Australia
| | - Therese M Becker
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; South Western Medical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Australia; Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Morteza Aghmesheh
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, NSW, Australia
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22
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Shen W, Xi H, Li C, Bian S, Cheng H, Cui J, Wang N, Wei B, Huang X, Chen L. Endothelin-A receptor in gastric cancer and enhanced antitumor activity of trastuzumab in combination with the endothelin-A receptor antagonist ZD4054. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1448:30-41. [PMID: 30937921 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-A receptor (ETAR) is overexpressed in cancers and can function through transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. We explored ETAR in gastric cancer and investigated the antitumor effect of trastuzumab in combination with the ETAR antagonist ZD4054. The expression of ETAR was significantly correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Univariate and multivariate analyses further showed that ETAR expression correlated with reduced survival in gastric cancer patients. In vitro, ZD4054 increased the antiproliferative effect of trastuzumab in gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, the addition of ZD4054 to trastuzumab significantly increased apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines. In vivo, tumor growth was considerably inhibited by treatment with ZD4054 and trastuzumab, and the tumor volume in the trastuzumab and ZD4054 combination group was smaller than in the other groups. The detection of ETAR could help predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Additionally, this study provides support for the therapeutic use of the combination of ZD4054 and trastuzumab as an anticancer treatment, especially for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shibo Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Effect of Shogaol on the Expression of Intestinal Stem Cell Markers in Experimentally Induced Colitis in BALB/c Mice. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:5134156. [PMID: 30963020 PMCID: PMC6431407 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5134156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Shogaol, a phenolic constituent of ginger, on dextran sodium sulfate- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice in comparison with 6-thioguanine (6-TG), an immune-suppressant chemotherapeutic medicine used for treatment of ulcerative colitis. Material & Methods Thirty-six adult, male and female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: group 1 (control negative) not exposed to DSS and did not receive any treatment, group 2 (control positive) exposed to DSS but did not receive any treatment, group 3 exposed to DSS and treated by 0.1 mg/kg of 6-thioguanine, and groups 4, 5, and 6 exposed to DSS and treated by 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg b.w. Shogaol, respectively. At day 56, the mice were checked for their disease activity index (DAI) and they were sacrificed. The colons of the mice were examined for length measurement, histological index score, and the expression of CD133 and CD34 stem cell markers. Results Shogaol showed a better curative effect than did 6-TG in repairing the colonic mucosal damages in DSS-exposed mice as indicated by the levels of CD133 and CD34 expression in the colonic crypts and by the DAI score, colon length measurements, & histological index score which were significantly reduced in mice treated by Shogaol, particularly the 20 and 40 mg/kg BW doses. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that oral treatment with the ginger-derived substance Shogaol could be better than the conventional immunosuppressive chemotherapeutic remedy 6-TG in treatment of DSS-induced UC.
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24
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Kim TM, Ko YH, Ha SJ, Lee HH. Impact of in vitro driven expression signatures of CD133 stem cell marker and tumor stroma on clinical outcomes in gastric cancers. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:119. [PMID: 30717708 PMCID: PMC6360664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CD133 transmembrane protein is a well-recognized stem cell marker that has been used to isolate putative cancer stem cell populations from gastric cancers (GCs). However, the molecular features or biomarkers underlying CD133 are largely unknown in GCs. Methods We performed gene expression profiling of CD133+ and CD133- cells sorted by flow cytometry from three GC cell lines to identify the CD133 expression signatures of GC. The CD133 expression signatures were investigated across publicly available expression profiles of multiple tumor types including GC and also for their relationship with patient survival. Results The CD133 signature genes defined as 177 upregulated genes and 129 downregulated genes in CD133+ cells compared to CD133- cells were enriched with genes involving the cell cycle and cytoskeleton, implying that cancer stem cells with unlimited self-renewal play cancer-initiating roles. The CD133 expression signatures in GC expression profiles were positively correlated with those of brain tumors expressing CD133 and human embryonic stem cells, emphasizing the transcriptional similarities across stem cell-related expression signatures. We also found that these stem cell expression signatures were inversely correlated with those representing tumor infiltrating immune and stromal cells. Additionally, high CD133 expression signatures were found in intestinal subtypes and low tumor stage GCs as well as in those with microsatellite instabilities and high mutation burdens. As examined across 20 additional tumor types, both the expression signatures representing CD133 and stromal cells were unfavorable prognostic features; however, their impact were variable across tumor types. Conclusions The transcriptional activities of CD133 and those of stromal cells representing the activity of stem cells and level of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively, may be inversely correlated with each other across multiple tumor types including GC. This relationship may be a confounding factor and should therefore be considered when evaluating the clinical relevance of stem cell-related markers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5332-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin Jung Ha
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Han Hong Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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25
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Ge M, Zhang L, Cao L, Xie C, Li X, Li Y, Meng Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang Q, Shao J, Zhong C. Sulforaphane inhibits gastric cancer stem cells via suppressing sonic hedgehog pathway. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:570-578. [PMID: 30624124 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1545012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is the major component extracted from broccoli/broccoli sprouts. It has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity. Gastric cancer is common cancer worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SFN on gastric cancer by Sonic hedgehog (Hh) Pathway. The results found that tumorsphere formation and the expression levels of gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers were significantly decreased after SFN treatment. SFN also exerted inhibitory effects by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in gastric CSCs. Intriguingly, SFN inhibited the activation of Sonic Hh, a key pathway in maintaining the stemness of gastric CSCs. Upregulation of Sonic Hh pathway diminished the inhibitory effects of SFN on gastric CSCs. Collectively, these data revealed that SFN could be a potent natural compound targeting gastric CSCs via suppression of Sonic Hh pathway, which might be an promising agent for gastric cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ge
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lu Zhang
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lina Cao
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuan Li
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu Meng
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yue Chen
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jihong Shao
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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26
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Dual Energy Spectral CT Imaging in the assessment of Gastric Cancer and cell proliferation: A Preliminary Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17619. [PMID: 30514959 PMCID: PMC6279754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the main diseases leading to cancer-related death. The recently introduced dual-energy spectral CT (DEsCT), allows to obtain many quantitative measurements from iodine-based material decomposition (MD) images, which contribute to improve the accuracy of staging of GC comparing to multidetector spiral CT. And Ki-67 is a well-recognized nuclear antigen-specific biomarker reflecting cellular proliferation for estimating growth fractions of various tumor types. In the present study we analyzed the features of quantitative measurements (the curve slope (λHU), IC, normalized iodine concentrations (NIC)) obtained from DEsCT and levels of Ki-67 protein expression. We demonstrated that the values between advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and early gastric cancer (EGC) were significantly different both in venous phase (VP) and delayed phase (DP). The values of different level of Ki-67 expression grade were significantly different both in VP and DP. The rank correlation analysis between Ki-67 grade and IC, NIC and λHU values showed significantly positive correlation in VP and DP. These results suggested that quantitative parameters (IC, NIC and λHU) in dual-energy CT imaging can be used to differentiate EGC from AGC, and have significantly positive correlation with Ki-67 antigen expression levels in gastric cancer for indicating tumor cellular proliferation.
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27
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Carrasco-Garcia E, García-Puga M, Arevalo S, Matheu A. Towards precision medicine: linking genetic and cellular heterogeneity in gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918794628. [PMID: 30181784 PMCID: PMC6116075 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918794628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and cellular heterogeneity are phenomena that are revolutionizing
oncology research and becoming critical to the idea of personalized medicine.
Recent comprehensive molecular profiling has identified molecular subtypes of
gastric cancer (GC) and linked them to clinical information. Moreover, GC stem
cells (gCSCs) have been identified and found to be responsible for GC initiation
and progression, Helicobacter pylori oncogenic action and
therapy resistance. Addressing molecular heterogeneity is critical for achieving
an optimal therapeutic approach against GC as well as targeting gCSCs. In this
review, we outline the implications of molecular and cellular heterogeneity in
the treatment of GC and we summarize the clinical impact of the most important
regulators of gCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Gipuzkoa, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel García-Puga
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Arevalo
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain s/n, Gipuzkoa, 20014, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) Madrid, Spain
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28
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Pucułek M, Machlowska J, Wierzbicki R, Baj J, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Helicobacter pylori associated factors in the development of gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31146-31162. [PMID: 30123433 PMCID: PMC6089554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, gastric cancer is one of the most common neoplasms and the fourth cause of cancer-related death on the world. Regarding the age at the diagnosis it is divided into early-onset gastric carcinoma (45 years or younger) and conventional gastric cancer (older than 45). Gastric carcinomas are rarely observed in young population and rely mostly on genetic factors, therefore provide the unique model to study genetic and environmental alternations. The latest research on early-onset gastric cancer are trying to explain molecular and genetic basis, because young patients are less exposed to environmental factors predisposing to cancer. In the general population, Helicobacter pylori, has been particularly associated with intestinal subtype of gastric cancers. The significant association of Helicobacter pylori infection in young patients with gastric cancers suggests that the bacterium has an etiologic role in both diffuse and intestinal subtypes of early-onset gastric cancers. In this paper we would like to ascertain the possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of gastric carcinoma in young patients. The review summarizes recent literature on early-onset gastric cancers with special reference to Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryszard Wierzbicki
- 2 Department of Surgery with Trauma, Orthopaedic and Urological Subunit, Independent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Lublin, Poland
- 3 Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- 1 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Robert Sitarz
- 1 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
- 2 Department of Surgery with Trauma, Orthopaedic and Urological Subunit, Independent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Lublin, Poland
- 4 Department of Surgery, St. John's Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
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29
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Luo G, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Wang P, Luo Z, Lin J, Cheng C, Yang Y. Clinicopathologic significance and prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50273-50283. [PMID: 28488584 PMCID: PMC5564848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value and clinicopathologic significance of Ki-67 expression in gastric cancer patients was controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic value and clinicopathologic significance of Ki-67 expression in gastric cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several electronic databases were searched for eligible studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR), hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) were calculated to explore the prognostic value and clinicopathologic significance of Ki-67 expression for disease free survival and overall survival. RESULTS Totally 5600 gastric cancer patients from 29 studies were included in this study. High Ki-67 expression was significantly related with Lauren's classification (OR = 1.70; P = 0.001; 95%CI: 1.40-2.06) and tumor size(OR = 1.54; P = 0.006; 95%CI: 1.14-2.09). However, high Ki-67 expression was not significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.37; P = 0.138; 95% CI: 0.90-2.08) , tumor stage (OR = 1.31; P = 0.296; 95% CI: 0.79-2.16) and tumor differentiation (OR = 1.03; P = 0.839; 95% CI: 0.78-1.35). The pooled HRs were 1.87(P = 0.001; 95% CI 1.30-2.69) for disease free survival and 1.23(P = 0.005; 95% CI 1.06-1.42) for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS High Ki-67 expression may serve as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Stratification by Ki-67 expression may be a consideration for selection of therapeutic regimen and integrated managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Chencun Affiliated Hospital of First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Chencun Affiliated Hospital of First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Chencun Affiliated Hospital of First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaowen Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Chencun Affiliated Hospital of First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Chencun Affiliated Hospital of First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Canchang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Chencun Affiliated Hospital of First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - You Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Chencun Affiliated Hospital of First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, China
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30
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Xi HQ, Zhang KC, Li JY, Cui JX, Gao YH, Wei B, Huang D, Chen L. RNAi-mediated inhibition of Lgr5 leads to decreased angiogenesis in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31581-31591. [PMID: 28404940 PMCID: PMC5458231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is a novel gastric cancer marker. However, it is unclear whether it can play roles in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of Lgr5 on gastric cancer angiogenesis. Lgr5, VEGF expression levels and microvessel density (MVD) were detected in tumor tissue. Then, Lgr5 mRNA was downregulated by small interference RNA technique. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of Lgr5 and VEGF protein and mRNA in Lgr5 siRNA-transfected gastric cancer cells. The effect of silencing Lgr5 on angiogenesis was examined by assessing human umbilical vein endothelia cell (HUVEC) capillary tube formation. The results indicated that Lgr5 expression was upregulated in gastric cancer and positively correlated with VEGF (r=0.305, P=0.001) and MVD (r=0.312, P=0.001). Silencing of Lgr5 expression resulted in suppression of VEGF mRNA and protein (all P=0.001). Moreover, when HUVECs were stimulated with conditioned medium from Lgr5 siRNA-transfected gastric cancer cells, tube formation was significantly decreased (2.51 ± 0.19 mm/mm2) compared with the treatment with regular cell culture medium (DMEM) (7.34 ± 0.30 mm/mm2) or medium from control siRNA-transfected cells (7.18 ± 0.33 mm/mm2) (all P=0.001). In conclusion, Lgr5 plays important roles in angiogenesis. Lgr5-specific siRNA could be designed into an effective therapeutic agent to inhibit gastric cancer angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ji-Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jian-Xin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yun-He Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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31
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Evaluation of METase-pemetrexed-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles modified with anti-CD133-scFV for treatment of gastric carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171001. [PMID: 29229675 PMCID: PMC5789153 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PEG–PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) modified with anti-CD133 and tumor-targeting single-chain antibody fragment (scFV–NPs) for systemic delivery of methioninase (METase) and pemetrexed for gastric carcinoma were successfully formulated. The structure characterization and biological functions of METase-pemetrexed-loaded scFV–PEG–PLGA NPs (scFV–METase/pemetrexed–NPs) in vitro were investigated. Functional scFV–PEG–PLGA NPs or PEG–PLGA NPs present low cell cytoxicity in CD133+ SGC7901 cells. scFV–METase/pemetrexed–NPs (scFv–M/P–NP) was more effective in inhibiting tumor growth (including cell growth and migration ability) in CD133 positive expressed gastric cancer cells than METase/pemetrexed-NPs (M/P–NP). Moreover, METase enhanced the inhibitory effect of pemetrexed on thymidylate synthase (TS) synthesis and cell apoptosis. We have demonstrated the application of scFV-targeted PEG–PLGA NPs as a new potential strategy to enhance treatment benefits for gastric carcinoma.
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32
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Song S, Pei G, Du Y, Wu J, Ni X, Wang S, Jiang B, Luo M, Yu J. Interaction between CD133 and PI3K-p85 promotes chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:304-314. [PMID: 29423015 PMCID: PMC5801368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance in gastric cancer is the leading cause of tumor recurrence and poses a substantial therapeutic challenge. The stem cell biomarker CD133 has been implicated in drug resistance of tumor-initiating cells in a number of cancers including gastric cancer. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanism of CD133-associated multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells. Using CD133 overexpressing and knockdown gastric cancer cell lines, we demonstrated that loss of CD133 significantly increased the growth inhibition of chemotherapeutic agents; whereas, overexpression significantly reduced growth inhibition. Furthermore, CD133 knockdown significantly reduced the enzymatic activity of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT), but elevated the expression of BCL2 associated X (BAX). Conversely, overexpression of CD133 significantly increased PI3K enzymatic activity, expression of P-gp, BCL2, and p-AKT, and decreased BAX expression. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 mirrored the effects of loss of CD133; whereas, the PI3K/AKT activator epidermal growth factor reproduced the effects of CD133 overexpression. To identify the interaction between CD133 and PI3K, we used site-directed mutagenesis to mutate individual tyrosine residues of CD133. We found that binding between CD133 and p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K, was significantly reduced when tyrosine 852 was mutated. In summary, we have demonstrated that CD133 activates the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway through direct interaction with PI3K-p85, resulting in multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that the interaction between CD133 and PI3K-p85 may offer a novel therapeutic target in multidrug resistant gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzheng Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Guoqing Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Yaqiong Du
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Jugang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Xiaochun Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Shoulian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Bojian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
| | - Jiwei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201999, China
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Akbarzadeh M, Movassaghpour AA, Ghanbari H, Kheirandish M, Fathi Maroufi N, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M, Samadi N. The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin on human ovarian cancer by inhibition of invasion and migration of cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17062. [PMID: 29213108 PMCID: PMC5719004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify targeting molecules to control invasion and metastasis in cancer patients. We first isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and then investigated the role of melatonin in invasiveness and migration of CSCs compared to SKOV3 cells. The proportion of CSCs in SKOV3 cells was as low as 1.28% with overexpression of both CD133 and CD44. The ability of spheroid formation along with SOX2 overexpression revealed a high self-renewal potential in isolated cells. Melatonin (3.4 mM) inhibited proliferation of CSCs by 23% which was confirmed by a marked decrease in protein expression of Ki67, as a proliferation marker. Applying luzindole, a melatonin receptor 1, 2 inhibitor, partially abolished anti-proliferative effect of melatonin. Melatonin also decreased Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene expressions including ZEB1, ZEB2, snail and vimentin with increase in E-cadherin as a negative EMT regulator. Incubation of CSCs with melatonin showed a marked decrease in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression and activity. Melatonin also inhibited CSCs migration in a partially receptor dependent and PI3k and MAPK independent manner. Melatonin can be considered as an important adjuvant to control invasion and metastasis especially in patients with high melatonin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheirandish
- Department of Immunology Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Liu G, Xiong D, Zeng J, Chen B, Huang Z. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4321-4328. [PMID: 28919781 PMCID: PMC5590776 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s143089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of Ki-67 in patients with gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. The aim of our meta-analysis is to evaluate its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value in patients with GC. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched up to May 2017. Twenty-two studies including 3,825 patients with GC were analyzed. The meta-analysis indicated that the incidence difference of Ki-67 expression in GC patients was significant when comparing the older group to younger group (odds ratio [OR] =1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19, 1.75), lymph node positive group to negative group (OR =1.49, 95% CI 1.20, 1.84), the large size tumor group to the small size tumor group (OR =1.27, 95% CI 1.24, 1.68) and the TNM stage III+IV group to TNM stage I+II group (OR =2.28, 95% CI 1.66, 3.12). However, no statistical differences existed in gender. The detection of Ki-67 significantly correlated with the overall survival of patients (hazard ratio =1.51, 95% CI 1.31, 1.72). Our study suggested that Ki-67 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Ki-67 positive rates may be associated with age, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and TNM staging system in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Disheng Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Borong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lu G, Zhou L, Song W, Wu S, Zhu B, Wang D. Expression of ORAOV1, CD133 and WWOX correlate with metastasis and prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8916-8924. [PMID: 31966760 PMCID: PMC6965444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1) which is a novel candidate oncogene is a useful biomarker of metastasis and prognosis in various cancers. CD133 which is a biomarker of cancer stem cells is overexpressed in many cancers and promotes cancer cells growth and metastasis. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) which is a suppressor gene of tumor can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in various cancers. However, associations among ORAOV1, CD133, and WWOX and their clinicopathological significance in gastric adenocarcionma (GAC) are unclear. In this study, we analyzed associations among ORAOV1, CD133, and WWOX in GAC, and their respective associations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival in GAC. METHOD Positive expression of ORAOV1, CD133, and WWOX in 236 whole GAC tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Patients' clinical data were also collected. RESULTS Levels of ORAOV1 and CD133 were significantly higher, and levels of WWOX significantly lower, in GAC tissues than in normal gastric tissues. Levels of ORAOV1 and CD133 were positively associated with tumor grade, invasion of depth, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and tumor-node metastasis (TNM) stages, and inversely with patients overall survival time; levels of WWOX was negatively correlated with tumor grade, invasion of depth, LNM, and TNM stages, and the WWOX-positive subgroup had significantly longer overall survival time than did the WWOX-negative subgroup. In multivariate analysis, high expression of ORAOV1 and CD133, invasion of depth, and TNM stages, and low expression of WWOX were potential to be independent prognostic factors for overall survival time in patients with GAC. CONCLUSIONS The expression of ORAOV1, CD133, and WWOX represent promising biomarkers for metastasis and prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets for GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Lu
- Department of Emergence, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Wenqing Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
| | - Danna Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhui, China
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Torabizadeh Z, Nosrati A, Sajadi Saravi SN, Yazdani Charati J, Janbabai G. Evaluation of E-cadherin Expression in Gastric Cancer and Its Correlation with Clinicopathologic Parameters. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2017; 11:158-164. [PMID: 28875011 PMCID: PMC5575728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. There are many genomic and molecular factors that cause gastric cancer to occur. Also, many markers that associate with tumor invasiveness have been known. E-cadherin is a calcium- mediated cell adhesion molecule. In some studies, abnormal expression of E-cadherin has been seen in gastric carcinoma. However, in the studies done there has been some conflicting information about abnormal expression of this marker in a variety of gastric carcinoma and also about the expression of this marker and its correlation with various clinicopathologic factors of tumor. Subjects andMethods: A case control study was performed on total or partial gastrectomy tissue samples obtained from 70 patients with gastric cancer and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. The immunohistochemistry was used to assess E-cadherin expression. The correlation between abnormal E-cadherin expression and tumor histopathology was evaluated in all patients. Results: Among 70 patients who were analyzed, 48.6% showed abnormal E-cadherin expression. A significant correlation was seen between abnormal E-cadherin expression and tumor stage, grade, lymph node metastasis, tumor phenotype, tumor type, depth of invasion and age. Conclusion: Abnormal E-cadherin expression is a common phenomenon in gastric cancer. Because there was a strong correlation between abnormal E-cadherin expression and tumor stage, tumor grade, depth of invasion and regional lymph node involvement, this marker may be used as a predictive factor for tumor invasiveness in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Torabizadeh
- MD, Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gut and Liver Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anahita Nosrati
- MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Neda Sajadi Saravi
- MD, Resident, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- MD, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghasem Janbabai
- MD, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Demitrack ES, Samuelson LC. Notch as a Driver of Gastric Epithelial Cell Proliferation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:323-330. [PMID: 28462374 PMCID: PMC5404025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastric epithelium is sustained by a population of stem cells that replenish the various mature epithelial lineages throughout adulthood. Regulation of stem and progenitor cell proliferation occurs via basic developmental signaling pathways, including the Notch pathway, which recently was described to promote gastric stem cell proliferation in both mice and human beings. Current cancer theory proposes that adult stem cells that maintain gastrointestinal tissues accumulate mutations that promote cancerous growth, and that basic signaling pathways, such as Notch, which stimulate stem cell proliferation, can promote tumorigenesis. Accordingly, constitutive Notch activation leads to unchecked cellular proliferation and gastric tumors in genetic mouse models. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence suggesting that the Notch pathway may be activated in some human gastric cancers, supporting a potential role for Notch in gastric tumorigenesis. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of gastric stem cells defined by genetic mouse studies, followed by discussion of the literature regarding Notch pathway regulation of gastric stem cell function in the mouse and human beings. Notch action to maintain gastric epithelial cell homeostasis and the cellular consequences of dysregulated signaling to promote tumorigenesis are discussed, including studies associating Notch activation with human gastric cancer. Finally, we compare and contrast Notch function in the stomach with other gastrointestinal tissues, including the intestine, to highlight the sensitivity of the stomach to Notch-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S. Demitrack
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Linda C. Samuelson, PhD, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 2041 BSRB, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan109 Zina Pitcher Place2041 BSRBAnn ArborMichigan 48109
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Zambo I, Hermanova M, Zapletalova D, Skoda J, Mudry P, Kyr M, Zitterbart K, Sterba J, Veselska R. Expression of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 in relation to the clinical outcome in pediatric sarcomas. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:107-16. [PMID: 27314299 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 are recently discussed as putative markers, co-expression of which might determine a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in sarcomas. OBJECTIVE Our study is focused on immunohistochemical analysis of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 expression in rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we also analyzed the possible correlation of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 expression levels with the patient outcome to identify potential prognostic values of these three putative CSC markers in the same cohorts. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, expression of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 was analyzed in 24 rhabdomyosarcoma, 22 Ewing sarcoma and 10 osteosarcoma tissue samples and expression levels of these markers were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS High nestin levels indicate poor prognosis in patients with Ewing sarcoma (P = 0.001), and high CD133 expression is associated with shorter survival in rhabdomyosarcoma patients (P = 0.002). In contrast, no significant relationship was found between ABCG2 expression and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis represents the first complex study of these three putative CSCs markers together in three different types of pediatric sarcomas and showed their possible prognostic values in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Zambo
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Danica Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mudry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Rivas-Ortiz CI, Lopez-Vidal Y, Arredondo-Hernandez LJR, Castillo-Rojas G. Genetic Alterations in Gastric Cancer Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:47. [PMID: 28512631 PMCID: PMC5411440 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a world health problem and depicts the fourth leading mortality cause from malignancy in Mexico. Causation of gastric cancer is not only due to the combined effects of environmental factors and genetic variants. Recent molecular studies have transgressed a number of genes involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to understand the recent basics of gene expression in the development of the process of gastric carcinogenesis. Genetic variants, polymorphisms, desoxyribonucleic acid methylation, and genes involved in mediating inflammation have been associated with the development of gastric carcinogenesis. Recently, these genes (interleukin 10, Il-17, mucin 1, β-catenin, CDX1, SMAD4, SERPINE1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha, GSK3β, CDH17, matrix metalloproteinase 7, RUNX3, RASSF1A, TFF1, HAI-2, and COX-2) have been studied in association with oncogenic activation or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. All these mechanisms have been investigated to elucidate the process of gastric carcinogenesis, as well as their potential use as biomarkers and/or molecular targets to treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I. Rivas-Ortiz
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Lopez-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gonzalo Castillo-Rojas
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Gonzalo Castillo-Rojas,
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Expression of NUAK2 in gastric cancer tissue and its effects on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:676-680. [PMID: 28352350 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the expression and effects of NUAK2 in gastric cancer and adjacent normal gastric tissues. The protein expression levels of NUAK2 were detected by western blot analysis. The effects of NUAK2 expression on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells was detected using an MTT and BrdU incorporation assay. Furthermore, the effects of NUAK2 on proliferation and cancer stem cell markers, both protein and microRNA (miRNA), were investigated by western blot analysis and miRNA microarrays, respectively. The results demonstrated that NUAK2 was able to significantly promote the proliferation of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. In addition, NUAK2 overexpression decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase and increased the percentage of cells in the S phase. Western blot analysis and miRNA microarrays revealed that overexpression of NUAK2 resulted in increased expression levels of proliferation markers, including c-myc, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, miRNA 21, and gastric cancer stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, CD44 and CD133. In conclusion, NUAK2 expression differed between the tumor and normal gastric tissues. NUAK2 was able to promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and regulate their cell cycle. Proliferation and cancer stem cell markers were upregulated by NUAK2 expression. Therefore, the results from the present study suggest that NUAK2 may be a promising target for gastric cancer therapy in the future.
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Lu L, Wu M, Sun L, Li W, Fu W, Zhang X, Liu T. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cancer stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 in patients with gastric cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis with 4729 patients involved. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5163. [PMID: 27759647 PMCID: PMC5079331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, CD44 and CD133 have been identified as 2 common used cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in gastric cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of these markers in gastric cancer remains controversial; moreover, there is lack of comparison of these 2 markers' roles in clinical applications. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate these markers' clinicopathological features and association with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS Eligible studies were identified and odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were analyzed as well. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger tests. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 26 studies involving 4729 patients. High expression of CD44 was associated with Lauren type (intestinal type) (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.02-2.30]; P = 0.038) and lymphatic vessel invasion (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.06-1.76]; P = 0.021). CD133 overexpression was related to high TNM stage (III/IV) (OR, 3.18 [95% CI, 2.48-4.07]; P = 0.000), high depth of invasion (T3/T4) (OR, 2.97 [95% CI, 2.20-4.03]; P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (OR, 2.82 [95% CI, 2.16-3.69]; P = 0.000), vascular invasion (OR, 6.71 [95% CI, 1.63-27.63]; P = 0.008), and distant metastasis (OR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.64-3.29]; P = 0.000). In addition, survival analysis demonstrated a significant association between CD44, as well as CD133 and poor 5-year overall survival (HR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.55-2.26]; P = 0.000; HR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.76-2.44]; P = 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION These data suggest that upregulated expression of CD44 and CD133 correlates with several clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Since the related features do not overlap, combined detection of CD44 and CD133 expression can be an especially effective tool for pathological diagnosis and prognostic prediction of gastric cancer patients in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Menglin Wu
- Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Longhao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence: Tong Liu, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: ); Xuening Zhang, Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: )
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
- Correspondence: Tong Liu, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: ); Xuening Zhang, Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: )
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CD133 overexpression correlates with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer patients and its impact on survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42019-27. [PMID: 26503471 PMCID: PMC4747206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD133 is one of the most commonly used markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by their ability for self-renewal and tumorigenicity. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of CD133 in gastric cancer remains controversial. To clarify a precise determinant of the clinical significance of CD133, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the correlation of CD133 overexpression with prognosis and clinicopathological features of GC patients. Methods A search in the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Medline, Web of Knowledge and Chinese CNKI, CBM (up to Jun 30, 2015) was performed using the following keywords gastric cancer, CD133, AC133, prominin-1, etc. Electronic searches were supplemented by hand searching reference lists, abstracts and proceedings from meetings. Outcomes included overall survival and various clinicopathological features. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies, and then RevMan 5.2.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 603 gastric cancer patients from 8 studies were included. The results of the meta-analyses showed that, there were significant differences of CD133 expression in the following comparisons: gastric cancer tissues vs. normal esophageal tissue (OR = 3.49, 95% CI [2.48, 490], P < 0.00001), lymph node metastasis vs. non-lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.75, 95% CI [1.99, 3.81], P < 0.00001), distant metastasis vs. non-distant metastasis (OR = 2.38, 95%CI [1.47, 3.85], P < 0.0004), clinical stages III~IV vs. clinical stages I~II (OR = 2.83, 95% CI [2.13, 3.76], P < 0.00001), as well as the accumulative 5-year overall survival rates of CD133-positive vs. CD133-negative patients (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.16, 0.33], P < 0.00001). Conclusion Overexpression of CD133 is associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, poor TNM stage. Additionally, CD133-positive gastric cancer patients had worse prognosis. Our results indicate that CD133 may be involved in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Evaluation of cytoplasmic CD133 overexpression in gastric cancer tissue sections may be useful in the future as a novel prognostic factor. Nevertheless, due to the poor quality and small sample size of included trials, more well-designed multi-center randomized controlled trials should be performed.
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Expression of CD133 cancer stem cell marker in melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2016; 31:e118-25. [PMID: 27102864 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133-positive melanoma cells are thought to be melanoma-initiating cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. Some researchers have reported that CD133-negative subsets can also initiate tumors, so the clinical significance of a CD133-positive subpopulation of cells in melanoma remains controversial. This systematic review was designed to assess the value of CD133 as a CSC marker in melanomas. A meta-analysis was also performed to cumulatively analyze the data on CD133 expression levels in the selected studies. MATERIALS AND METHOD Eligible studies were identified via an electronic search through various databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science (from May 2005 through September 2014) using the following keywords: "CD133 or prominin-1", "cancer stem cells", and "melanoma". Only articles in which CD133 antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were included. A meta-analysis was performed to identify any association between CD133 expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-nine melanoma cases from 5 studies were evaluated for expression levels of CD133 using IHC. Large heterogeneity was observed among the results (p<0.001, I2 = 94%). Approximately 47.9% (95% CI 23.7%-72.1%) of the studied melanoma cases had high CD133 expression. The I2 value and Q-test p value for heterogeneity were 89.0% and <0.001, respectively, and the pooled estimate of CD133 expression was 61.7% (95% CI 25.1%-98.4%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CD133 is not yet proven to be an appropriate biomarker in identifying CSCs of melanoma. Thus, detection of CD133 in combination with other putative CSC markers may be more valuable for clinical application.
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Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH, Litvinov IV, Nastasi C, Becker JC, Dabelsteen S, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM, Zhang Q, Wasik MA, Zhou Y, Sasseville D, Ødum N, Woetmann A. Ectopic expression of a novel CD22 splice-variant regulates survival and proliferation in malignant T cells from cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14374-84. [PMID: 25957418 PMCID: PMC4546473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD22 is a member of the Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family of lectins described to be exclusively present in B lymphocytes and B cell-derived neoplasms. Here, we describe a novel splice form of CD22 (designated CD22âN), which lacks the N-terminal domain as demonstrated by exon-specific RT-PCR and differential recognition by anti-CD22 antibodies. Importantly, CD22âN mRNA is expressed in skin lesions from 39 out of 60 patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), whereas few patients (6 out of 60) expresses full-length, wild type CD22 (CD22wt). In addition, IHC staining of tumor biopsies confirmed the expression of CD22 in CD4+ T cells. Moreover, four out of four malignant T cell lines express CD22: Two cell lines express CD22âN (MyLa2059 and PB2B) and two express CD22wt (MAC-1 and MAC-2A). siRNA-mediated silencing of CD22 impairs proliferation and survival of malignant T cells, demonstrating a functional role for both CD22âN and CD22wt in these cells.In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for an ectopic expression of CD22 and a novel splice variant regulating malignant proliferation and survival in CTCL. Analysis of expression and function of CD22 in cutaneous lymphomas may form the basis for development of novel targeted therapies for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- General Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gastric cancer stem cells: evidence, potential markers, and clinical implications. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:313-26. [PMID: 26428661 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a significant global health problem. It is the fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide (Torre et al. in CA Cancer J Clin 65(2):87-108, 2015). Despite advances in treatment, overall prognosis remains poor, due to tumour relapse and metastasis. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcomes in gastric cancer. The cancer stem cell (CSC) model has been proposed to explain the high rate of relapse and subsequent resistance of cancer to current systemic treatments (Vermeulen et al. in Lancet Oncol 13(2):e83-e89, 2012). CSCs have been identified in many solid malignancies, including gastric cancer, and have significant clinical implications, as targeting the CSC population may be essential in preventing the recurrence and spread of a tumour (Dewi et al. in J Gastroenterol 46(10):1145-1157, 2011). This review seeks to summarise the current evidence for CSC in gastric cancer, with an emphasis on candidate CSC markers, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Cancer stem cells in human digestive tract malignancies. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Saricanbaz I, Karahacioglu E, Ekinci O, Bora H, Kilic D, Akmansu M. Prognostic significance of expression of CD133 and Ki-67 in gastric cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8215-9. [PMID: 25339008 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 is one of the most important stem cell markers in solid cancers and Ki-67 is a marker that reflects cell proliferation. The relationships between the expression of CD133 and Ki-67 and prognosis in gastric carcinoma are unknown and need exploring. We examined 50 gastric cancer patients retrospectively in the Radiation Oncology Department of the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University. CD133 and Ki-67 expression was examined using immunohistochemical staining. The survival rate in patients with CD133 positive expression was significantly worse than that in the patients with negative expression (p=0.04). Expression of CD133 had a positive correlation with that of Ki-67 (r=0.350; p=0.014). Multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of CD133 was an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer (p=0.02). Conclusion, expression of CD133 may be a useful prognostic marker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Saricanbaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey E-mail :
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Zhou L, Yu L, Feng ZZ, Gong XM, Cheng ZN, Yao N, Wang DN, Wu SW. Aberrant Expression of Markers of Cancer Stem Cells in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and their Relationship to Vasculogenic Mimicry. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4177-83. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Ahmad J, Arthur K, Maxwell P, Kennedy A, Johnston BT, Murray L, McManus DT. A cross sectional study of p504s, CD133, and Twist expression in the esophageal metaplasia dysplasia adenocarcinoma sequence. Dis Esophagus 2015; 28:276-82. [PMID: 24612412 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased dramatically over recent years and Barrett's esophagus is considered the most established risk factor for its development. Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus is therefore recommended but hinges on histological interpretation of randomly taken biopsies which is poorly reproducible. The use of biomarkers presents an opportunity to improve our ability to risk-stratify these patients.We examined three biomarkers namely p504s, CD133, and Twist in the setting of Barrett's esophagus, low-grade dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma to evaluate differential expression between benign, dysplastic, and malignant Barrett's tissue in an exploratory cross-sectional study. Twenty-five cases each of Barrett's esophagus, low-grade dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma were included along-with 25 cases of esophagectomy resections for Barrett's adenocarcinoma. The biomarkers were immunostained on automated Ventana(®) immunostainer. The biopsies were assessed for biomarker expression by two independent observers. Granular cytoplasmic staining of p504s was observed in dysplastic Barrett's biopsies and esophageal adenocarcinoma but not in Barrett's esophagus. Apical and membranous CD133 expression was also observed in dysplastic Barrett's and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nuclear Twist expression was seen predominantly in stromal cells. There was increased p504s expression in dysplastic Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma compared with controls. CD133 expression was detected for the first time in esophageal adenocarcinoma and dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. Twist expression was not convincing enough to be labeled as Barrett's biomarker. p504s and CD133 have the potential to differentiate benign from malignant Barrett's tissue in this exploratory study. Their validity should be established in prospective longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahmad
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Queens University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
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Han Z, Chen Z, Zheng R, Cheng Z, Gong X, Wang D. Clinicopathological significance of CD133 and CD44 expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and their relationship to angiogenesis. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:56. [PMID: 25889325 PMCID: PMC4344776 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, and the majority type is infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Most of IDC patients died of metastasis and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined with the ability to be self-renewal and potentially promote proliferation and formation of tumors. CSCs are related to angiogenesis and are important targets in new cancer treatment strategies. In this study, we purposed to investigate on expression and clinical significances of CSCs marked by CD133 and CD44 in IDC and their relationship to angiogenesis. METHODS The specimens of IDC from 325 Chinese patients with follow-up were analyzed for CD133, CD44, CD82, and CD34 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining. The Pearson chi-square test and t test were used to assess the associations among the positive staining of these markers and clinicopathological characteristics. Postoperative overall survival time in these patients with IDC was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS In IDC tissues, positive rates of 48.6%, 53.8%, and 42.2% were obtained for CD133, CD44, and CD82 protein, respectively; the mean score of microvessel density (MVD) was 20.5 ± 7.0 in IDC group. And there was a significant difference between the two groups. There was a positive relationship between the expression of CD133, CD44, and the score of MVD and the grades of tumor, lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages (all P < 0.05); and the expression of CD82 was negatively related to grades of tumor, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stages (all P < 0.05). The overall mean survival time of the patients with CD133, CD44, and the score of MVD (≥21) positive expression was lower than that of patients with negative expression. The overall mean survival time of patients of CD82-positive expression was longer than that of patients of the negative expression group. The positive expression of CD133 and CD82, and TNM stages were independent prognostic factors of IDC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CSCs, angiogenesis, and aberrant expression of CD82 may be involved in the initiation, development, metastasis, and recurrence. It is suggested that CSCs, angiogenesis, and CD82 be possible as a therapeutic marker for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 687, Furong Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 687, Furong Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Rongsheng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Zenong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Gong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Danna Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
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