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Li C, Du C, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhao F, Li J, Wang W, Wei X, Qu J, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Risk, molecular subtype and prognosis of second primary breast cancer: an analysis based on first primary cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3203-3220. [PMID: 37559977 PMCID: PMC10408461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Second primary breast cancer (SPBC) was potentially related to other cancers, which may impact its incidence, prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, few studies have characterized this relationship and analyzed the subtypes of SPBC. Our study intended to investigate the occurrence and prognosis of SPBC. We analyzed the patterns, clinical characteristics, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of patients with SPBC. The propensity score matching (PSM) approach was further used to balance the differences in clinical features between patients with primary breast cancer (PBC) and SPBC, then Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis was used to compare their overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival. Finally, a predictive model was constructed to estimate the 3- and 5-year survival rates of SPBC patients. We found that the SIR of individuals with SPBC was significantly higher in cancer survivors than in the general population (SIR=1.16, 95% CI=1.15-1.17, P<0.05). SPBC patients with first primary lung/bronchus cancer had a much higher SMR (SMR=1.71, 95% CI=1.58-1.85, P<0.05) compared with survivors of other malignancies. Individuals with SPBC had a larger proportion of the HR-/HER2- subtype than those with PBC. Particularly among survivors of estrogen-dependent ovarian and breast cancer, the proportion of the HR-/HER2- subtype of SPBC considerably rose. After propensity score matching, we discovered that SPBC patients' overall survival remained poorer than that of PBC patients (HR=1.43, 95% CI=1.39-1.47, P<0.001). However, the prognosis of SPBC in first primary thyroid cancer survivors was better than PBC patients (HR=0.64, 95% CI=0.55-0.75, P<0.001). Also, an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was developed to evaluate the 3-year (AUC=0.817) and 5-year survival (AUC=0.825) of SPBC patients. Our data demonstrated the distinct biological performance of SPBC with various first primary cancers. Furthermore, our findings revealed an indispensable role of first primary cancer (FPC) in the development of SPBC and provided an additional theoretical basis for the clinical follow-up and identification of SPBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhangjian Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yinbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Kim HJ, Lee J, Park IC, Han Y, Seong MK, Noh WC, Kang HJ, Kim HA, Park CS. Survival analysis of breast cancer patients after diagnosis of second primary malignancies, focusing on the second primary hematologic malignancy. Ann Surg Treat Res 2023; 105:1-9. [PMID: 37441319 PMCID: PMC10333803 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2023.105.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients is increasing with improved detection and therapies, so is the risk of breast cancer patients developing subsequent malignancies. We investigated the OS of breast cancer survivors according to sites of second primary malignancies (SPM). The OS of the second primary hematologic malignancy (SPHM) was then compared with that of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer between 1998 and 2019. Only those with SPM were eligible for analysis. First, the OS of patients with SPM diagnosed as the first event after the diagnosis of breast cancer was analyzed. Next, the OS of patients with SPHM, with or without breast cancer relapse, was compared with that of patients with MBC, matched using the propensity score. Results Patients diagnosed with SPM without breast cancer relapse as the first event had a significantly better OS than did patients with MBC, but the OS of those with SPHM as the first event did not differ significantly from that of patients with MBC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.558; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.856-2.839; P = 0.147). The OS of patients with SPHM with or without breast cancer relapse was worse than that of the MBC group after propensity score matching (HR, 1.954; 95% CI, 1.045-3.654; P = 0.036). Conclusion Prognosis of SPM diagnosed as the first event was statistically better than that of MBC, except in case of SPHM. Patients with SPHM, with or without MBC, showed poor OS before and after propensity score matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyeon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yireh Han
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Sub Park
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Ramin C, Veiga LHS, Vo JB, Curtis RE, Bodelon C, Aiello Bowles EJ, Buist DSM, Weinmann S, Feigelson HS, Gierach GL, Berrington de Gonzalez A. Risk of second primary cancer among women in the Kaiser Permanente Breast Cancer Survivors Cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:50. [PMID: 37138341 PMCID: PMC10155401 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer survivors are living longer due to early detection and advances in treatment and are at increased risk for second primary cancers. Comprehensive evaluation of second cancer risk among patients treated in recent decades is lacking. METHODS We identified 16,004 females diagnosed with a first primary stage I-III breast cancer between 1990 and 2016 (followed through 2017) and survived ≥ 1 year at Kaiser Permanente (KP) Colorado, Northwest, and Washington. Second cancer was defined as an invasive primary cancer diagnosed ≥ 12 months after the first primary breast cancer. Second cancer risk was evaluated for all cancers (excluding ipsilateral breast cancer) using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and a competing risk approach for cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for KP center, treatment, age, and year of first cancer diagnosis. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 1,562 women developed second cancer. Breast cancer survivors had a 70% higher risk of any cancer (95%CI = 1.62-1.79) and 45% higher risk of non-breast cancer (95%CI = 1.37-1.54) compared with the general population. SIRs were highest for malignancies of the peritoneum (SIR = 3.44, 95%CI = 1.65-6.33), soft tissue (SIR = 3.32, 95%CI = 2.51-4.30), contralateral breast (SIR = 3.10, 95%CI = 2.82-3.40), and acute myeloid leukemia (SIR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.18-3.48)/myelodysplastic syndrome (SIR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.89-5.20). Women also had elevated risks for oral, colon, pancreas, lung, and uterine corpus cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR range = 1.31-1.97). Radiotherapy was associated with increased risk for all second cancers (HR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.01-1.25) and soft tissue sarcoma (HR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.17-4.78), chemotherapy with decreased risk for all second cancers (HR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.78-0.98) and increased myelodysplastic syndrome risk (HR = 3.01, 95%CI = 1.01-8.94), and endocrine therapy with lower contralateral breast cancer risk (HR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.38-0.60). Approximately 1 in 9 women who survived ≥ 1 year developed second cancer, 1 in 13 developed second non-breast cancer, and 1 in 30 developed contralateral breast cancer by 10 years. Trends in cumulative incidence declined for contralateral breast cancer but not for second non-breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS Elevated risks of second cancer among breast cancer survivors treated in recent decades suggests that heightened surveillance is warranted and continued efforts to reduce second cancers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Ramin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Cancer Research Center for Health Equity, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Lene H S Veiga
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline B Vo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rochelle E Curtis
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clara Bodelon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin J Aiello Bowles
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diana S M Buist
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Bernard J. Tyson Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sheila Weinmann
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Heather Spencer Feigelson
- Bernard J. Tyson Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, ICR, London, UK
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Bailey S, Ezratty C, Mhango G, Lin JJ. Clinical and sociodemographic risk factors associated with the development of second primary cancers among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:215-225. [PMID: 36316601 PMCID: PMC9974531 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancement in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment have increased the number of long-term survivors. Consequently, primary BC survivors are at a greater risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). The risk factors for SPCs among BC survivors including sociodemographic characteristics, cancer treatment, comorbidities, and concurrent medications have not been comprehensively examined. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and clinicopathologic factors associated with risk of SPCs in BC survivors. METHODS We analyzed 171, 311 women with early-stage primary BC diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2015 from the Medicare-linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER-Medicare) database. SPC was defined as any diagnosis of malignancy occurring within the study period and at least 6 months after primary BC diagnosis. Univariate analyses compared baseline characteristics between those who developed a SPC and those who did not. We evaluated the cause-specific hazard of developing a SPC in the presence of death as a competing risk. RESULTS Of the study cohort, 21,510 (13%) of BC survivors developed a SPC and BC was the most common SPC type (28%). The median time to SPC was 44 months. Women who were white, older, and with fewer comorbidities were more likely to develop a SPC. While statins [hazard ratio (HR) 1.066 (1.023-1.110)] and anti-hypertensives [HR 1.569 (1.512-1.627)] increased the hazard of developing a SPC, aromatase inhibitor therapy [HR 0.620 (0.573-0.671)] and bisphosphonates [HR 0.905 (0.857-0.956)] were associated with a decreased hazard of developing any SPC, including non-breast SPCs. CONCLUSION Our study shows that specific clinical factors including type of cancer treatment, medications, and comorbidities are associated with increased risk of developing SPCs among older BC survivors. These results can increase patient and clinician awareness, target cancer screening among BC survivors, as well as developing risk-adapted management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacyann Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Charlotte Ezratty
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Mhango
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny J. Lin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Radiation and leukaemia: Which leukaemias and what doses? Blood Rev 2023; 58:101017. [PMID: 36220737 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cause(s) of most cases of leukaemia is unknown. Save for several rare inherited disorders the most convincingly-identified causes of leukaemia are exposures to ionizing radiations, to some chemicals and to some anti-cancer drugs. Data implicating ionizing radiations as a cause of leukaemias come from several sources including persons exposed to the atomic bomb explosions in Japan, persons receiving radiation therapy for cancer and other disorders, persons occupationally exposed to radiation such as radiologists and nuclear facility workers, cigarette smokers, and others. Although ionizing radiations can be a cause of almost all types of leukaemias, some are especially sensitive to induction such as acute and chronic myeloid leukaemias (AML and CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Whether chronic lymphocytic leukaemia can be caused by radiation exposure is controversial. The mechanism(s) by which ionizing radiations cause leukaemia differs for different leukaemia types. I discuss these issues and close with a hypothesis which might explain why haematopoietic stem cells are localized to the bone marrow.
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Nikolov I, Kostev K, Kalder M. Incidence of other cancer diagnoses in women with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study with 42,248 women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:75-82. [PMID: 35829934 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine whether women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have an increased incidence of other cancers, e.g., gastric cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, and so on, compared to healthy women without a breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was based on data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) and included adult women with an initial diagnosis of BC documented in one of 1,274 general practices in Germany between January 2000 and December 2018. Women with BC were matched to women without cancer by age, index year, yearly consultation frequency, and co-diagnoses. Univariate Cox regression models were used to study the association between BC and the incidence of other cancer diagnoses. RESULTS 21,124 women with BC and 21,124 women (mean age: 63 years) without cancer were included. Within 10 years of the index date, 14.3% of women with BC and 10.0% of women without cancer were diagnosed with cancer (p < 0.001). BC was significantly associated with the incidence of other cancer diagnoses (HR: 1.42, p < 0.001). The strongest association was observed for respiratory organ cancer (HR = 1.69, p < 0.001), followed by female genital organ cancer (HR = 1.61, p < 0.001) and cancer of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue (HR: 1.59, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study show that women with BC have an increased incidence of another cancer compared to women without cancer. Therefore, it is important to pay particular attention to the development of other malignancies during follow-up in patients with BC. This should be considered especially in patients with a proven genetic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nikolov
- Department of Gynecology, Herz Jesu Klinik, Fulda, Germany
| | - Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA, Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Association Between Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Use and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Among Elderly Patients with Breast, Lung, or Prostate Cancer. Adv Ther 2022; 39:2778-2795. [PMID: 35430673 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients diagnosed with cancer have an increased risk both for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following treatment. METHODS Using SEER-Medicare data, we selected patients aged 66 years and older who completed systemic therapy between 2002 and 2014 for breast (stage I-III), lung (stage I-III), or prostate (stage I-IV) cancer. For each cancer, we estimated the risk of a composite endpoint of MDS or AML in patients receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) vs. not. RESULTS The 10-year cumulative risk difference (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF] - no G-CSF) for MDS-AML was 0.45% (95% CI 0.13-0.77%) in breast cancer and 0.39% (95% CI 0.15-0.62%) in lung cancer. G-CSF use was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.60 (95% CI 1.07-2.40) in breast cancer and 1.50 (95% CI 0.99-2.29) in lung cancer. Filgrastim use was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.03) per administration in breast cancer and 1.02 (95% CI 0.99-1.05) per administration in lung cancer. Pegfilgrastim was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.08 (95% CI 1.01-1.15) per administration in breast cancer and 1.12 (95% CI 1.00-1.25) per administration in lung cancer. Analyses in prostate cancer were limited because of the low number of events. CONCLUSIONS The use of G-CSF in patients diagnosed with breast and lung cancer is associated with an increased risk of MDS-AML. However, the MDS-AML absolute risk difference is very low.
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Karzai S, Port E, Siderides C, Valente C, Ahn S, Moshier E, Ru M, Pisapati K, Couri R, Margolies L, Schmidt H, Cate S. Impact of Screening Mammography on Treatment in Young Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:10.1245/s10434-022-11581-6. [PMID: 35364765 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little data exploring the impact of screening mammography on subsequent treatment in the 40-49-year age group with breast cancer. We sought to assess the association between frequency of mammography in young women and extent of surgery and chemotherapy required. METHODS An IRB-approved retrospective review was performed of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between ages 40 and 49 years from 1 January 2010 to 19 November 2018 within a single health system. Patients were grouped based on last screening 1-24 months prior to diagnosis (1-24 group), > 25 months prior to diagnosis (> 25 group), never screened, and > 25+ never screened (combination group). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess for associations between screening intervals and tumor and nodal stage, chemotherapy use, and extent of surgery. RESULTS Of 869 patients included for analysis, 20% were never screened, 60% screened 1-24 months, and 19% screened > 25 months prior to diagnosis. Compared with the 1-24 months group, the never-screened group, > 25 months group, and combined group were more likely to receive chemotherapy. The never-screened and combined groups were more likely to undergo mastectomy and/or axillary lymph node dissection. Of patients undergoing upfront surgery, the > 25 months and combined groups were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy, while the never-screened and combined groups were more likely to have nodal disease. CONCLUSION Our findings support the initiation of screening mammography at age 40 years to reduce the risk of aggressive treatments for newly diagnosed breast cancers in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shkala Karzai
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Port
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cleo Siderides
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Valente
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soojin Ahn
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin Moshier
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Ru
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kereeti Pisapati
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Couri
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurie Margolies
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hank Schmidt
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Cate
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Feng Y, Chen X, Jiang K, Zhang D, Tao F, Ni D, Zhang J, Wu L, Cai J, Jiang L, Yu G, Shi L. Secondary myelodysplastic syndromes identified via next-generation sequencing in a non-small cell lung cancer patient. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:299. [PMID: 34930266 PMCID: PMC8691080 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of clonal disorders characterized by ineffective and dysplastic hematopoiesis in the bone marrow with a high risk of progression to leukemia. Many studies have demonstrated that chemo-radiotherapy for cancer patients and exposure to certain chemicals may increase the risk of secondary MDS, which is characterized by specific chromosomal abnormalities and genomic alterations. Since next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely used for the diagnosis of cancer patients, advanced analysis of the sequencing data may provide supplementary information for secondary MDS. CASE PRESENTATION A male patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and bone metastases has presented distal obstructive inflammation, the enlargement of the left hilar, mediastinal lymph node metastases, and multiple bone metastases. This patient has undergone long-term exposures to certain chemicals. Moreover, the deletion of chromosome 7 and 5q is detected in his peripheral blood sequencing, indicating secondary MDS, subsequently confirmed by bone marrow examination. CONCLUSION In this case, an NSCLC patient was diagnosed with secondary MDS via NGS analysis, indicating that the NGS analysis may serve as supplementary for diagnosis of secondary MDS and provide useful information of therapeutic regimens for subsequent-line treatment of EGFR-mutated lung cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of acquired MDS in a lung adenocarcinoma patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Tao
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dan Ni
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | | | - Libin Jiang
- Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - GenHua Yu
- Zhebei Mingzhou Hospital, Huzhou, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China.
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Wang C, Hu K, Deng L, He W, Fang F, Tamimi RM, Lu D. Increased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality among cancer survivors who developed breast cancer as a second malignancy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:491. [PMID: 33941118 PMCID: PMC8091680 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer survivors who develop breast cancer as a second malignancy (BCa-2) are common. Yet, little is known about the prognosis of BCa-2 compared to first primary breast cancer (BCa-1). Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we conducted a population-based cohort study including 883,881 patients with BCa-1 and 36,313 patients with BCa-2 during 1990–2015. Compared with patients with BCa-1, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) of breast cancer-specific mortality among patients with BCa-2, using multivariable Cox regression. Results During the follow-up (median 5.5 years), 114,964 and 3829 breast cancer-specific deaths were identified among BCa-1 and BCa-2 patients, respectively. Patients with BCa-2 had more favorable tumor characteristics and received less intensive treatment e.g., surgery and chemo−/radio-therapy, compared to patients with BCa-1. When adjusting for demographic factors, patients with BCa-2 were at similar risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97–1.03) compared to patients with BCa-1. However, when additionally controlling for tumor characteristics and treatment modes, BCa-2 patients were at an increased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.08–1.15). The risk elevation was particularly greater when the first malignancy was lung, bladder, ovarian or blood malignancy (HRs 1.16–1.85), or when the first malignancy was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.28–1.63). Conclusions Overall, patients with BCa-2 have worse breast cancer-specific survival, compared with their BCa-1 counterparts, although the risk elevation is mild. High-risk subgroups based on first malignancy’s characteristics may be considered for active clinical management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08132-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, and Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Research Center for Breast Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donghao Lu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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Incidence of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Impact of Thiopurines on Their Risk. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:741-747. [PMID: 33982944 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are rare myeloid clonal disorders that commonly affect the elderly population and have poor prognosis. There are limited data on the risk of AML/MDS among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially on the impact of thiopurines (TPs). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients with IBD from Veteran Affairs data set. The exposure of interest was TP exposure: (i) never exposed to TPs, (ii) past TP use (discontinued >6 months ago), (iii) current TP use with a cumulative exposure of <2 years, and (iv) current TP use with a cumulative exposure of ≥2 years. The outcome of interest was a composite outcome of incident diagnosis of AML and/or MDS. Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AML/MDS risk associated with TP use defined as a time-varying exposure. RESULTS Among 56,314 study patients, 107 developed AML/MDS. The overall incidence of AML/MDS in the IBD population was 18.7 per 100,000 patient-years. The incidences among those never exposed to TPs, past users of TPs, current users of TPs with a cumulative exposure of <2 years, and current users of TPs with a cumulative exposure of ≥2 years were 17.0, 17.7, 30.4, and 30.3 per 100,000 patient-years, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, compared with never exposed to TPs, current use of TPs was associated with increased risk (adjusted HR 3.05; 95% CI 1.54-6.06, P = 0.0014 for current use of TPs with a cumulative exposure of <2 years and adjusted HR 2.32; 95% CI 1.22-4.41, P = 0.0101 for current use of TPs with a cumulative exposure of ≥2 years), whereas past TP exposure was not. DISCUSSION Among patients with IBD, current TP use was associated with an increased risk of AML/MDS, which reverts to baseline after discontinuation of TP use.
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Kaplan HG, Calip GS, Malmgren JA. Maximizing Breast Cancer Therapy with Awareness of Potential Treatment-Related Blood Disorders. Oncologist 2020; 25:391-397. [PMID: 32073195 PMCID: PMC7216464 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize the impact of the various modalities of breast cancer therapy coupled with intrinsic patient factors on incidence of subsequent treatment-induced myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia (t-MDS/AML). It is clear that risk is increased for patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy at younger ages. Radiation is associated with modest risk, whereas chemotherapy, particularly the combination of an alkylating agent and an anthracycline, carries higher risk and radiation and chemotherapy combined increase the risk markedly. Recently, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), but not pegylated G-CSF, has been identified as a factor associated with increased t-MDS/AML risk. Two newly identified associations may link homologous DNA repair gene deficiency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment to increased t-MDS/AML risk. When predisposing factors, such as young age, are combined with an increasing number of potentially leukemogenic treatments that may not confer large risk singly, the risk of t-MDS/AML appears to increase. Patient and treatment factors combine to form a biological cascade that can trigger a myelodysplastic event. Patients with breast cancer are often exposed to many of these risk factors in the course of their treatment, and triple-negative patients, who are often younger and/or BRCA positive, are often exposed to all of them. It is important going forward to identify effective therapies without these adverse associated effects and choose existing therapies that minimize the risk of t-MDS/AML without sacrificing therapeutic gain. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Breast cancer is far more curable than in the past but requires multimodality treatment. Great care must be taken to use the least leukemogenic treatment programs that do not sacrifice efficacy. Elimination of radiation and anthracycline/alkylating agent regimens will be helpful where possible, particularly in younger patients and possibly those with homologous repair deficiency (HRD). Use of colony-stimulating factors should be limited to those who truly require them for safe chemotherapy administration. Further study of a possible leukemogenic association with HRD and the various forms of colony-stimulating factors is badly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory S. Calip
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Judith A. Malmgren
- Healthstat Consulting Inc.SeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Baek DW, Lee SJ, Sohn SK, Moon JH, Chae YS. Clinical Effects of Hypomethylating Agents in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Myelodysplastic Syndrome Who Received DNA-Damaging Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2020; 22:647-652. [PMID: 31897338 PMCID: PMC6933035 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cumulative risk of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) in breast cancer patients exposed to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is significantly high compared to that in other cancer patients. This report reviews the use of hypomethylating agents (HMAs) to treat a 57-year-old woman newly diagnosed with MDS during palliative chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Over a period of 6 years, the patient received several DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics including doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel. Repeated thrombocytopenia was the main reason for suspecting secondary hematologic malignancy. She was diagnosed with t-MDS based on bone marrow examination and her treatment history for breast cancer. While azacitidine was originally administered to stabilize MDS, it also stabilized the patient's lung and lymph node metastases without any major toxicity. Therefore, the current case highlights the promising effects of HMAs for treating t-MDS following heavily pretreated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Baek
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Sohn
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Risk of Hematologic Malignant Neoplasms after Postoperative Treatment of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101463. [PMID: 31569513 PMCID: PMC6827362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An indirect consequence of the improved long-term survival seen in patients with breast cancer (BC) is the increased risk of hematologic malignant neoplasms (HM). This study aimed to analyze the role of postoperative treatment for BC in the development of subsequent HM. Using the French National Health Data System, we examined the HM risks in patients diagnosed with an incident primary breast cancer between 2007 and 2015, who underwent surgery as first-line treatment for BC. Main outcomes were acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL/NHL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphocytic lymphoma (ALL/LL). Analyses were censored at HM occurrence, death, loss to follow up, or December 2017. The risk of each type of HM was compared according to the initial postoperative treatment of breast cancer. Of a total of 324,056 BC survivors, 15.5% underwent surgery only, 46.7% received radiotherapy after surgery, 4.3% received chemotherapy after surgery, and 33.5% received all three modalities. Overall, 2236 cases of hematologic malignancies occurred. Compared to the surgery alone group, AML was significantly increased after surgery plus radiation (aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1), surgery plus chemotherapy (aHR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.6) and all modalities (aHR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.3-4.7). MDS was significantly increased after surgery plus chemotherapy (aHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5) or after all modalities (aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8). HL/NHL were significantly increased only in the radiotherapy and surgery group (aHR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.6). A nonsignificant increase of ALL/LL (aHR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.6-3.5) was noted after chemotherapy and with all three modalities (aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7-2.8). Our population based study revealed increased risks of various HM associated with postoperative BC treatment. The added benefit of chemotherapy and radiation therapy should take into consideration these long-term complications.
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15
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Libson S, Perez E, Takita C, Avisar E. Post Mastectomy Radiation for Stage II Breast Cancer Patients with T1/T2 Lesions. Eur J Breast Health 2019; 15:71-75. [PMID: 31001607 DOI: 10.5152/ejbh.2019.4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Post mastectomy radiation (PMR) is usually recommended for T3 or N2 breast cancer (BC). The role of PMR for stage II BC with T1/T2 lesions remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PMR in this subgroup of patients. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all stage II BC patients treated with mastectomy at our institution between the years 2005-2008 was performed. Demographics, disease-free survival rates were compared between the patients receiving radiation vs. those who were not irradiated. Results Eighty-two patients underwent mastectomies for stage II disease with a T1/T2 lesion. Twenty-two of those (27%) received PMR. Loco regional recurrence (LRR) occurred only in the non -irradiated (NR) group. A Kaplan Meier analysis of time to LRR in the NR group was performed. Mean time to local failure was 78.9 months, 6% at 3 years and 13% at 5 years. The time to LRR was significantly lower in the estrogen receptor (ER) negative group compared to the ER positive group (64 vs. 82 months, p=0.029). LRR free rate at 5 years was 100% in low grade tumors vs. 53% in high grade tumors, (p=0.001). In a Cox regression multivariate analysis none of those factors maintained significance. Conclusion ER negative status, high grade and node negativity were associated with LRR. A prospective trial randomizing stage II BC patients with T1/T2 lesions, negative hormone receptors and high-grade tumors to PMR following mastectomy arm vs. no radiation arm is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Libson
- Department of General Surgery, Miami University School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Eduardo Perez
- Department of General Surgery, Miami University School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Christiane Takita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami University School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Eli Avisar
- Department of General Surgery, Miami University School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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Jindal V, Patwari A, Bhatlapenumarthi V, Siddiqui AD. Pancytopenia: A Rare and Unusual Initial Presentation of Breast Cancer. Cureus 2019; 11:e4235. [PMID: 31131159 PMCID: PMC6516623 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow metastasis with profound pancytopenia is an extremely uncommon presentation of breast cancer. Advanced breast cancer can frequently metastasize to bone marrow, but bone marrow failure is not typically seen. Very limited data exist regarding the appropriate management of patients with metastatic breast cancer with profound pancytopenia. Our patient’s initial presentation of anemia and thrombocytopenia was a diagnostic dilemma, later confirmed as metastatic breast cancer on bone marrow biopsy. After diagnosis, treatment was another challenge as there are no predefined treatment guidelines for these patients. After the initial hormonal therapy failed, our patient showed a good clinical response to chemotherapy and her platelet count improved to baseline. This dramatic response to chemotherapy is rare. Therefore, this case represents a rare instance of a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma with unusual clinical response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jindal
- Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, Worcester, USA
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Jabagi MJ, Vey N, Goncalves A, Le Tri T, Zureik M, Dray-Spira R. Evaluation of the Incidence of Hematologic Malignant Neoplasms Among Breast Cancer Survivors in France. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e187147. [PMID: 30657534 PMCID: PMC6484549 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Breast cancer survivors are at an increased risk of developing certain types of hematologic malignant neoplasm after diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence of various types of hematologic malignant neoplasm in breast cancer survivors, both in absolute terms and in association with the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nationwide cohort study conducted in France used data from the French National Health Data System, a database that contains all of French residents' health-related expenses. All French women aged 20 to 85 years with an incident breast cancer diagnosis between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015, were included (n = 439 704) and followed up until hematologic malignant neoplasm occurrence, death, loss of follow-up, or December 31, 2016, whichever came first. Comparisons were made with all French women in the general population who were registered in the French general health insurance program each year from January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016. Data analysis was performed from January 23, 2018, to May 25, 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Main outcomes were incident hematologic malignant neoplasm cases occurring at least 6 months after breast cancer diagnosis. The various types of hematologic malignant neoplasm considered were acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HL/NHL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphocytic lymphoma (ALL/LL). Incidence of these various types was estimated among breast cancer survivors and compared with the incidence in women in the general population. RESULTS The 439 704 women in the study had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 59 (50-69) years and were followed up for a median (IQR) duration of 5 (2.8-7.5) years. Overall, 3046 cases of hematologic malignant neoplasm occurred: 509 cases (16.7%) of AML (crude incidence rate [CIR] per 100 000 person-years, 24.5; 95% CI, 22.4-26.8), 832 cases (27.3%) of MDS (CIR, 40.1; 95% CI, 37.4-42.9), and 267 cases (8.8%) of MPN (CIR, 12.8; 95% CI, 11.4-14.5). Lymphoid neoplasm cases included 420 cases (13.8%) of MM (CIR, 20.3; 95% CI, 18.4-22.3), 912 cases (29.9%) of HL/NHL (CIR, 44.4; 95% CI, 41.1-50.0), and 106 cases (3.5%) of ALL/LL (CIR, 5.1; 95% CI, 4.2-6.2). Compared with the general population, breast cancer survivors had statistically significantly higher incidence of AML (standardized incidence rate ratio [SIRR], 2.8; 95% CI, 2.5-3.2) and MDS (SIRR, 5.0; 95% CI, 4.4-5.7) and, to a lesser extent, MM (SIRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7]) and ALL/LL (SIRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.0). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The finding that AML and MDS still occur among breast cancer survivors today, and that ALL/LL and MM may also be of concern, merits the continuous monitoring of hematologic malignant neoplasms and the thorough investigations into their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Joelle Jabagi
- University of Paris Sud, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
- Health Product Epidemiology Department, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Hematology Department, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Goncalves
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Medical Oncology Department, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Thien Le Tri
- Health Product Epidemiology Department, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Mahmoud Zureik
- Health Product Epidemiology Department, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, Saint-Denis, France
- Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, AP-HP Hôpital Sainte Perine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rosemary Dray-Spira
- Health Product Epidemiology Department, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, Saint-Denis, France
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T-Type voltage gated calcium channels: a target in breast cancer? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:11-21. [PMID: 30242580 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review article is to discuss the potential of T-type voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) as drug targets in breast cancer. Breast cancer, attributable to the different molecular subtypes, has a crucial need for therapeutic strategies to counter the mortality rate. VGCCs play an important role in regulating cytosolic free calcium levels which regulate cellular processes like tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In the last decade, T-type VGCCs have been investigated in breast cancer proliferation. Calcium channel blockers, in general, have shown an anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects. T-type VGCC antagonists have shown growth inhibition owing to the inhibition of CaV3.2 isoform. CaV3.1 isoform has been indicated as a tumour-suppressor gene candidate and is reported to support anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity in breast cancer. The distribution of T-type VGCC isoforms in different breast cancer molecular subtypes is diverse and needs to be further investigated. The role of T-type VGCCs in breast cancer migration, metastasis and more importantly in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is yet to be elucidated. In addition, interlaced therapy, using a combination of chemotherapy drugs and T-type VGCC blockers, presents a promising therapeutic approach for breast cancer but more validation and clinical trials are needed. Also, for investigating the potential of T-type VGCC blocker therapy, there is a need for isoform-specific agonists/antagonists to define and discover roles of T-type VGCC specific isoforms. CONCLUSION Our article provides a review of the role of T-type VGCCs in breast cancer and also discusses future of the research in this area so that it can be ascertained whether there is any potential of T-type VGCCs as drug targets in breast cancer.
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Multiple primary non-breast tumors in breast cancer survivors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:979-986. [PMID: 29502170 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of second primary non-breast cancer after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, and its correlation with clinicopathological features. METHODS Data from 21,527 patients with primary breast cancer were collected retrospectively in a single cancer centre; 4.1% of the women developed a second non-breast cancer. The most frequently observed second primary tumor affected the digestive tract (27.8%). The frequency of observed cancers was similar to that expected in the general population, excepting for an excess of melanoma [SIR 1.98 (1.52-2.53)], uterine cancers [SIR 1.44 (1.17-1.74)], ovarian cancers [SIR 1.67 (1.31-2.10)], thyroid tumors [SIR 1.54 (1.23-1.92)], and leukemia [SIR 1.57 (1.11-2.16)]. RESULTS Clinicopathological breast cancer stratification showed a general increased risk of developing a second cancer in older patients, excluding ovarian cancer. An increased risk of developing ovarian cancer after breast cancer diagnosis was observed, in particular, in triple-negative [HR 3.47 (1.91-6.29)], G3 tumors [HR 2.54 (1.10-5.83)] and in positive breast cancer family history [HR 2.19 (1.22-3.94)]. Breast cancer survivors in hormonal therapy treatment are at higher risk for developing a second thyroid cancer [HR 4.00 (1.46-10.9)]. Conversely, adjuvant chemotherapy offered a protective effect on thyroid cancer risk development [HR 0.46 (0.28-0.76)]. CONCLUSIONS Older age represents the major risk of developing a second primary non-breast cancer, excluding ovarian cancer. Clinical surveillance is required to prevent ovarian and thyroid cancers, respectively, in patients with positive family history, triple negative, G3 breast cancer and during hormonal therapy treatment in postmenopausal status.
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Niell BL, Freer PE, Weinfurtner RJ, Arleo EK, Drukteinis JS. Screening for Breast Cancer. Radiol Clin North Am 2017; 55:1145-1162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hirata M, Monzen H, Hanaoka K, Nishimura Y. MEASUREMENT OF ABSORPTION DOSE OUTSIDE IRRADIATION FIELD IN IMRT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 176:425-433. [PMID: 28338869 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The absorption dose outside the irradiation field for prostate intensity-modulated radiation therapy was measured and evaluated by comparison with calculated values of radiation treatment planning system (TPS). The values of TPS calculated were using Varian CLINAC21EX/Eclipse and TomoTherapy Planning System for constant irradiation time. The absorption dose was measured by placing a glass-element dosemeter in a human-bone enclosure phantom with a planning target volume inside the irradiation field. The organs at risk were the rectum, spinal cord, thyroid, eyeball and the left lung. The calculated values of TPS, Varian CLINAC21EX/Eclipse and TomoTherapy Planning System were calculated, up to 17 and 55 cm from the isocenter, respectively. The absorbed dose outside the irradiation field diverged with increased distance from the isocenter (Varian/Eclipse: p = 0.03, TomoTherapy Planning System: p = 0.25). The calculated values for the absorbed dose outside the irradiation field were underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirata
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Otsu Red Cross Hospital, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hajime Monzen
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Hanaoka
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Zeidan AM, Long JB, Wang R, Hu X, Yu JB, Huntington SF, Abel GA, Mougalian SS, Podoltsev NA, Gore SD, Gross CP, Ma X, Davidoff AJ. Risk of myeloid neoplasms after radiotherapy among older women with localized breast cancer: A population-based study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184747. [PMID: 28902882 PMCID: PMC5597231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are inconsistent and limited data regarding the risk of myeloid neoplasms (MN) among breast cancer survivors who received radiotherapy (RT) in the absence of chemotherapy. Concern about subsequent MN might influence the decision to use adjuvant RT for women with localized disease. As patients with therapy-related MN have generally poor outcomes, the presumption of subsequent MN being therapy-related could affect treatment recommendations. Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked database to study older women with in-situ or stage 1–3 breast cancer diagnosed 2001–2009 who received surgery. Chemotherapy and RT were ascertained using Medicare claims, and new MN diagnoses were captured using both SEER registry and Medicare claims. We excluded women who received chemotherapy for initial treatment, and censored at receipt of subsequent chemotherapy. Competing-risk survival analysis was used to assess the association between RT and risk of subsequent MN adjusting for relevant characteristics. Results Median follow-up for 60,426 eligible patients was 68 months (interquartile range, 46 to 92 months), with 47.6% receiving RT. In total, 316 patients (0.52%) were diagnosed with MN; the cumulative incidence per 10,000 person-years was 10.6 vs 9.0 among RT-treated vs non-RT-treated women, respectively (p = .004); the increased risk of subsequent MN persisted in the adjusted analysis (hazard ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.80). The results were consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Our data suggest that RT is associated with a significant risk of subsequent MN among older breast cancer survivors, though the absolute risk increase is very small. These findings suggest the benefits of RT outweigh the risks of development of subsequent MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M. Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica B. Long
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rong Wang
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xin Hu
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - James B. Yu
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Huntington
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Abel
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Mougalian
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nikolai A. Podoltsev
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Gore
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Cary P. Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Davidoff
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Tikku G, Jain M, Shukla P. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with a Complex Variant 'Ph' Translocation That Develops in Breast Carcinoma, Postchemotherapy: A Rare but Treatable Entity. J Breast Cancer 2017; 20:208-211. [PMID: 28690659 PMCID: PMC5500406 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2017.20.2.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) that developed after postoperative chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) for breast cancer. A 55-year-old woman was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma which was treated with a modified radical mastectomy followed by six cycles of CAF chemotherapy. Nine years later, she developed CML and locoregional recurrence. Her breast recurrence showed strong estrogen receptor, weak progesterone receptor and strong human epidermal growth factor 2 (score 3+) expression. Her secondary CML in the chronic phase showed a complex variant translocation (CVT) involving chromosomes 9, 22, and 17. Considering that the HER2/neu gene is also located on chromosome 17, this secondary CML in chronic phase with CVT is indeed a rare occurrence. We discuss the associated genetic factors and the possible role of breast cancer chemo/radiotherapy in the development of such CML as well as its treatment and prognosis compared with de novo CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Tikku
- Department of Oncopathology, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Monica Jain
- Department of Oncopathology, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Shukla
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
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24
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Wang R, Zeidan A, Yu JB, Soulos PR, Davidoff AJ, Gore SD, Huntington S, Gross CP, Ma X. Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Prostate 2017; 77:437-445. [PMID: 27868212 PMCID: PMC5785924 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the impact of radiotherapy on the development of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among elderly prostate cancer patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of elderly prostate cancer patients diagnosed during 1999-2011 by using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked database. Competing risk analyses adjusting for patient characteristics were conducted to assess the impact of radiotherapy on the development of subsequent MDS/AML, compared with surgery. RESULTS Of 32,112 prostate cancer patients, 14,672 underwent radiotherapy, and 17,440 received surgery only. The median follow-up was 4.68 years. A total of 157 (0.47%) prostate cancer patients developed subsequent MDS or AML, and the median time to develop MDS/AML was 3.30 (range: 0.16-9.48) years. Compared with prostate cancer patients who received surgery only, patients who underwent radiotherapy had a significantly increased risk of developing MDS/AML (hazard ratio [HR] =1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.13). When radiotherapy was further categorized by modalities (brachytherapy, conventional conformal radiotherapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy [IMRT]), increased risk of second MDS/AML was only observed in the IMRT group (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.09-2.54). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that radiotherapy for prostate cancer increases the risk of MDS/AML, and the impact may differ by modality. Additional studies with longer follow-up are needed to further clarify the role of radiotherapy in the development of subsequent myeloid malignancies. A better understanding may help patients, physicians, and other stakeholders make more informed treatment decisions. Prostate 77:437-445, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cohort Studies
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Male
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/epidemiology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/etiology
- Population Surveillance/methods
- Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
| | - Amer Zeidan
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - James B. Yu
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Pamela R. Soulos
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Amy J. Davidoff
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Steven D. Gore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Scott Huntington
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Cary P. Gross
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University
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25
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Narayanan S. Clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic profile of adult myelodysplastic syndrome in a tertiary care center. J Blood Med 2017; 8:21-27. [PMID: 28260960 PMCID: PMC5328424 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s129111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a disorder of clonal hematopoiesis, is an important clinical entity, but most of the studies available are conducted among the Western population. Its etiological factors and clinicohematological profile in the Indian population are quite diverse. The information regarding its prognostic factors and cytogenetics is very scarce. OBJECTIVES (1) To assess the clinicohematological profile, cytogenetics, prognostic factors, and outcome of MDS and (2) to study its progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the selected patients over the study period. METHODS A prospective observational study was performed with patients from Department of Medicine and Hematology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, who were diagnosed with MDS within the study period (from 1 January 2014 to 31 July 2015). Secondary causes of dysplasia were excluded. In possible cases, the international prognostic scoring system was followed. These patients were followed up for an additional 6 months to assess the progression of MDS to AML based on symptoms, signs, hemogram, or repeat peripheral smear/bone marrow studies. RESULTS Of the 60 patients, 73% were aged >60 years. Disease was common in males, with a male:female ratio of 7:3. Thirty-five percent of the patients were working in agricultural and allied fields and had pesticide exposure. Patients with prior radiation exposure had significant association with adverse outcome. Fatigue was the prominent symptom and was reported by 90% of the patients. Blasts were >5% in peripheral smear; bone marrow cytopenia and dysplasia at the time of diagnosis had significant association with risk of transforming to AML. Refractory anemia (RA), observed in 22 patients, was the most common type of MDS. Most of the patients with RA with excess blasts type-1 and RA with excess blasts type-2 transformed to AML, and the association was statistically significant. Deletion of short arm of fifth chromosome (5q deletion) was detected in 11 patients. All of them showed good response to treatment with lenalidomide and had a favorable outcome. CONCLUSION This study highlights the various etiological factors, and the clinical profile of MDS seen in the Indian population. Cytogenetic analysis and application of the international prognostic scoring system has a significant bearing on the outcome, as exemplified by the response to lenalidomide in patients with 5q deletion. This study also indicates that proper diagnostic and prognostic assessment is necessary to institute appropriate therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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26
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Freedman RA, Seisler DK, Foster JC, Sloan JA, Lafky JM, Kimmick GG, Hurria A, Cohen HJ, Winer EP, Hudis CA, Partridge AH, Carey LA, Jatoi A, Klepin HD, Citron M, Berry DA, Shulman LN, Buzdar AU, Suman VJ, Muss HB. Risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome among older women receiving anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on Modern Cooperative Group Trials (Alliance A151511). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 161:363-373. [PMID: 27866278 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) events among 9679 women treated for breast cancer on four adjuvant Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology trials with >90 months of follow-up in order to better characterize the risk for AML/MDS in older patients receiving anthracyclines. METHODS We used multivariable Cox regression to examine factors associated with AML/MDS, adjusting for age (≥65 vs. <65 years; separately for ≥70 vs. <70 years), race/ethnicity, insurance, performance status, and anthracycline receipt. We also examined the effect of cyclophosphamide, the interaction of anthracycline and age, and outcomes for those developing AML/MDS. RESULTS On Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 40101, 49907, 9344, and 9741, 7290 received anthracyclines; 15% were in the age ≥65 and 7% were ≥70. Overall, 47 patients developed AML/MDS (30 AML [0.3%], 17 MDS [0.2%]); 83% of events occurred within 5 years of study registration. Among those age ≥65 and ≥70, 0.8 and 1.0% developed AML/MDS (vs. 0.4% for age <65), respectively. In adjusted analyses, older age and anthracycline receipt were significantly associated with AML/MDS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for age ≥65 [vs. <65] = 3.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-8.33; HR for anthracycline receipt [vs. no anthracycline] = 5.16, 95% CI 1.47-18.19). There was no interaction between age and anthracycline use. Deaths occurred in 70% of those developing AML/MDS. CONCLUSIONS We observed an increased risk for AML/MDS for older patients and those receiving anthracyclines, though these events were rare. Our results help inform discussions surrounding anticipated toxicities of adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - D K Seisler
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J C Foster
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J A Sloan
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J M Lafky
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G G Kimmick
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Hurria
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research and Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - H J Cohen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - C A Hudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A H Partridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - L A Carey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Jatoi
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - H D Klepin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Citron
- ProHEALTH Care Associates, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - D A Berry
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L N Shulman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A U Buzdar
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V J Suman
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - H B Muss
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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27
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Myelodysplastic syndrome after breast cancer. The challenge of late complications in long-term survivors. Leuk Res 2016; 49:88-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Silverman BG, Lipshitz I, Keinan-Boker L. Second Primary Cancers After Primary Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Israeli Women, 1992 to 2006. J Glob Oncol 2016; 3:135-142. [PMID: 28717751 PMCID: PMC5493275 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2016.003699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Improvements in early detection and treatment have resulted in improved long-term survival from breast cancer, which increases the likelihood of the occurrence of second primary cancers. We calculated the risk of second primary cancers among Israeli women receiving a first primary breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS By using data from the Israel National Cancer Registry, we identified 46,090 women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 2006 and non-breast primary cancers diagnosed subsequent to breast cancer diagnosis. We used life table analysis to calculate the risk of a second primary cancer and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by using age-specific cancer risk in the general population of Israeli women as the standard and stratifying by diagnosis period (1992 to 1996, 1997 to 2001, 2002 to 2006) and age at diagnosis (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). RESULTS The probability of a second malignancy was 3.6% within 5 years, 8.2% within 10 years, and 13.9% within 15 years. The SIR for any second non-breast primary cancer was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.30). Significantly increased risks of colorectal, uterine, lung, ovarian, and thyroid cancer and leukemia were observed for the full follow-up period, which persisted after excluding the first 6 months after index diagnosis, although increased leukemia and colorectal cancer risks were no longer statistically significant. Women younger than age 50 years at initial diagnosis had a greater excess risk than women age 50 years and older (SIR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.63 to 1.91] and 1.20 [95% CI, 1.15 to 1.24], respectively). CONCLUSION The findings likely reflect a combination of personal risk factors (genetics, hormonal therapy, environmental exposures) as well as the effects of the initial cancer treatment and are unlikely to be explained by enhanced surveillance alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Silverman
- , , and , Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan; , Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; and , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irena Lipshitz
- , , and , Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan; , Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; and , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- , , and , Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan; , Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; and , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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29
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Malmgren JA, Calip GS, Pyott SM, Atwood MK, Kaplan HG. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome following primary breast cancer. Leuk Res 2016; 47:178-84. [PMID: 27414978 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) is a serious clinical disease occurring after breast cancer treatment. METHODS A cohort of 11,684 invasive breast cancer (BC) patients from 1990-2014 were followed for incidence of t-MDS through institutional and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program registries. t-MDS cases were identified using ICD-O SEER registry codes, pathology and chart reports. Treatment, cytogenetics, and time from BC diagnosis to t-MDS and t-MDS diagnosis to last follow up or death were obtained. Incidence rate ratios were calculated using SEER national incidence rates for comparison. RESULTS 27 cases of t-MDS post BC treatment were confirmed. 96% of cases were breast cancer stage I-II at diagnosis. All patients had received radiation treatment and 59% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients were alive with no evidence of disease after treatment with stem cell transplantation (age 33 and 46). t-MDS incidence was 30 times the expected population rate among patients <55 years (RR 31.8, 95% CI 15.0, 60.8) with shorter time from t-MDS diagnosis to death (median survival time: <55: 8 months, 55-74: 26 months, 75+: 23 months). CONCLUSION We found elevated t-MDS risk especially among younger BC patients with stem cell transplantation the only observed curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Malmgren
- HealthStat Consulting, Inc., Seattle, WA, United States; University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Gregory S Calip
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Mary K Atwood
- Swedish Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Henry G Kaplan
- Swedish Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Seattle, WA, United States
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30
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Calip GS, Malmgren JA, Lee WJ, Schwartz SM, Kaplan HG. Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia following adjuvant chemotherapy with and without granulocyte colony-stimulating factors for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:133-43. [PMID: 26450505 PMCID: PMC4718738 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) post-breast cancer treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) is not fully characterized. Our objective was to estimate MDS/AML risk associated with specific breast cancer treatments. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women aged ≥66 years with stage I-III breast cancer between 2001 and 2009 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. Women were classified as receiving treatment with radiation, chemotherapy, and/or G-CSF. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for MDS/AML risk. Among 56,251 breast cancer cases, 1.2 % developed MDS/AML during median follow-up of 3.2 years. 47.1 % of women received radiation and 14.3 % received chemotherapy. Compared to breast cancer cases treated with surgery alone, those treated with chemotherapy (HR = 1.38, 95 %-CI 0.98-1.93) and chemotherapy/radiation (HR = 1.77, 95 %-CI 1.25-2.51) had increased risk of MDS/AML, but not radiation alone (HR = 1.08, 95 % CI 0.86-1.36). Among chemotherapy regimens and G-CSF, MDS/AML risk was differentially associated with anthracycline/cyclophosphamide-containing regimens (HR = 1.86, 95 %-CI 1.33-2.61) and filgrastim (HR = 1.47, 95 %-CI 1.05-2.06), but not pegfilgrastim (HR = 1.10, 95 %-CI 0.73-1.66). We observed increased MDS/AML risk among older breast cancer survivors treated with anthracycline/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy that was enhanced by G-CSF. Although small, this risk warrants consideration when determining adjuvant chemotherapy and neutropenia prophylaxis for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Calip
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street M/C 871, Chicago, IL, 60612-7230, USA.
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Judith A Malmgren
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- HealthStat Consulting, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Lee
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street M/C 871, Chicago, IL, 60612-7230, USA
| | - Stephen M Schwartz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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31
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Radivoyevitch T, Sachs RK, Gale RP, Molenaar RJ, Brenner DJ, Hill BT, Kalaycio ME, Carraway HE, Mukherjee S, Sekeres MA, Maciejewski JP. Defining AML and MDS second cancer risk dynamics after diagnoses of first cancers treated or not with radiation. Leukemia 2015; 30:285-94. [PMID: 26460209 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Risks of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and/or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are known to increase after cancer treatments. Their rise-and-fall dynamics and their associations with radiation have, however, not been fully characterized. To improve risk definition we developed SEERaBomb R software for Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results second cancer analyses. Resulting high-resolution relative risk (RR) time courses were compared, where possible, to results of A-bomb survivor analyses. We found: (1) persons with prostate cancer receiving radiation therapy have increased RR of AML and MDS that peak in 1.5-2.5 years; (2) persons with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), lung and breast first cancers have the highest RR for AML and MDS over the next 1-12 years. These increased RR are radiation specific for lung and breast cancer but not for NHL; (3) AML latencies were brief compared to those of A-bomb survivors; and (4) there was a marked excess risk of acute promyelocytic leukemia in persons receiving radiation therapy. Knowing the type of first cancer, if it was treated with radiation, the interval from first cancer diagnosis to developing AML or MDS, and the type of AML, can improve estimates of whether AML or MDS cases developing in this setting are due to background versus other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R K Sachs
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R P Gale
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R J Molenaar
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D J Brenner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B T Hill
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M E Kalaycio
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H E Carraway
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M A Sekeres
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Gluzman DF, Sklyarenko LM, Koval SV, Rodionova NK, Zavelevich MP, Ivanivskaya TS, Poludnenko LY, Ukrainskaya NI. Myelodysplastic syndromes in Chernobyl clean-up workers. Ann Hematol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sun LM, Lin CL, Lin MC, Liang JA, Kao CH. Radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-induced myelodysplasia syndrome: a nationwide population-based nested case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e737. [PMID: 25929909 PMCID: PMC4603069 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored which kinds of cancer are related to a higher incidence of subsequent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT).We performed a nested case-control study by using data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance (NHI) system. The case group included cancer patients who developed MDS. For the control group, 4 cancer patients without MDS were frequency-matched with each MDS case by age, sex, year of cancer diagnosis, and MDS index year. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.Overall, cancer patients who received RT or CT exhibited secondary MDS more frequently than did those who did not (RT: OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.33-1.77; CT: OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.25-1.82). Analysis by cancer site showed that RT increased the risk of MDS for patients with stomach, colorectal, liver, breast, endometrial, prostate, and kidney cancers. By contrast, CT was more likely to increase the risk of MDS for patients with lung, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Further analysis revealed that RT and CT seemed to have a positive interaction. The major limitation of this study was the lack of certain essential data in the NHI Research Database, such as data regarding cancer stage and treatment dose details.This population-based nested case-control study determined that RT and CT predisposed patients in Taiwan to the development of MDS. This effect was more prominent when both modalities were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Sun
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung (LMS); Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung (C-LL); College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung (C-LL); Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung (M-CL); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung (J-AL, C-HK); Department of Radiation Oncology (J-AL); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HK)
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Combined photon-electron beams in the treatment of the supraclavicular lymph nodes in breast cancer: A novel technique that achieves adequate coverage while reducing lung dose. Med Dosim 2015; 40:210-7. [PMID: 25595492 DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation pneumonitis is a well-documented side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare combined photon-electron, photon-only, and electron-only plans in the radiation treatment of the supraclavicular lymph nodes. In total, 13 patients requiring chest wall and supraclavicular nodal irradiation were planned retrospectively using combined photon-electron, photon-only, and electron-only supraclavicular beams. A dose of 50Gy over 25 fractions was prescribed. Chest wall irradiation parameters were fixed for all plans. The goal of this planning effort was to cover 95% of the supraclavicular clinical target volume (CTV) with 95% of the prescribed dose and to minimize the volume receiving ≥ 105% of the dose. Comparative end points were supraclavicular CTV coverage (volume covered by the 95% isodose line), hotspot volume, maximum radiation dose, contralateral breast dose, mean total lung dose, total lung volume percentage receiving at least 20 Gy (V(20 Gy)), heart volume percentage receiving at least 25 Gy (V(25 Gy)). Electron and photon energies ranged from 8 to 18 MeV and 4 to 6 MV, respectively. The ratio of photon-to-electron fractions in combined beams ranged from 5:20 to 15:10. Supraclavicular nodal coverage was highest in photon-only (mean = 96.2 ± 3.5%) followed closely by combined photon-electron (mean = 94.2 ± 2.5%) and lowest in electron-only plans (mean = 81.7 ± 14.8%, p < 0.001). The volume of tissue receiving ≥ 105% of the prescription dose was higher in the electron-only (mean = 69.7 ± 56.1 cm(3)) as opposed to combined photon-electron (mean = 50.8 ± 40.9 cm(3)) and photon-only beams (mean = 32.2 ± 28.1 cm(3), p = 0.114). Heart V(25 Gy) was not statistically different among the plans (p = 0.999). Total lung V(20 Gy) was lowest in electron-only (mean = 10.9 ± 2.3%) followed by combined photon-electron (mean = 13.8 ± 2.3%) and highest in photon-only plans (mean = 16.2 ± 3%, p < 0.001). As expected, photon-only plans demonstrated the highest target coverage and total lung V(20 Gy). The superiority of electron-only beams, in terms of decreasing lung dose, is set back by the dosimetric hotspots associated with such plans. Combined photon-electron treatment is a feasible technique for supraclavicular nodal irradiation and results in adequate target coverage, acceptable dosimetric hotspot volume, and slightly reduced lung dose.
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Pahouja G, Wesolowski R, Reinbolt R, Tozbikian G, Berger M, Mangini N, Lustberg MB. Stabilization of bone marrow infiltration by metastatic breast cancer with continuous doxorubicin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:28-32. [PMID: 25914871 PMCID: PMC4408922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrc.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Complete bone marrow infiltration with profound pancytopenia is very uncommon in breast cancer. Bone marrow metastasis can frequently occur following development of metastatic breast cancer. However, bone marrow failure as the herald of this disease is not typically seen. Very limited data exists as to the safest and most efficacious manner to treat patients with profound pancytopenia due to metastatic solid tumor involvement. In this case, the patient’s thrombocytopenia was particularly worrisome, requiring daily platelet transfusions. There was also concern that cytotoxic chemotherapy would exacerbate the patient’s thrombocytopenia and increase bleeding risk. The patient’s dramatic response to chemotherapy with full platelet recovery is also highly unusual. For our patient, continuous doxorubicin successfully “unpacked” the bone marrow despite a low baseline platelet level, and without increasing the need for more frequent platelet transfusion or risk of catastrophic bleeding. Given the rarity of this presentation, it is currently unknown if the majority of similar patients experience near full recovery of hematopoietic function after initiation of appropriate systemic treatment for metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pahouja
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Breast Program, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Raquel Reinbolt
- Breast Program, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Gary Tozbikian
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Michael Berger
- Breast Program, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Neha Mangini
- Breast Program, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Maryam B. Lustberg
- Breast Program, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
- Correspondence to: Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, B405 Starling Loving Hall, 20 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA. (M.B. Lustberg)
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Tabár L, Yen AMF, Wu WYY, Chen SLS, Chiu SYH, Fann JCY, Ku MMS, Smith RA, Duffy SW, Chen THH. Insights from the Breast Cancer Screening Trials: How Screening Affects the Natural History of Breast Cancer and Implications for Evaluating Service Screening Programs. Breast J 2014; 21:13-20. [DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- László Tabár
- Department of Mammography; Central Hospital; Falun Sweden
| | | | - Wendy Yi-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; College of Public Health; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Health Care Management; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Jean Ching-Yuan Fann
- Department of Health Industry Management; College of Healthcare Management; Kainan University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - May Mei-Sheng Ku
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; College of Public Health; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Stephen W Duffy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention; Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; College of Public Health; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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Souza LR, Silva E, Calloway E, Kucuk O, Rossi M, McLemore ML. Genistein Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells against G-CSF–Induced DNA Damage. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:534-44. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mukherjee S, Reddy CA, Ciezki JP, Abdel-Wahab M, Tiu RV, Copelan E, Advani AA, Saunthararajah Y, Paulic K, Hobson S, Maciejewski JP, Bolwell BJ, Kalaycio M, Dreicer R, Klein EA, Sekeres MA. Risk for developing myelodysplastic syndromes in prostate cancer patients definitively treated with radiation. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:djt462. [PMID: 24577815 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ionizing radiation has been linked to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); it is not clear whether therapeutic radiation doses used for prostate cancer pose an increased MDS risk. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2011 at Cleveland Clinic, comparing those who underwent definitive treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP) to radiotherapy either external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or prostate interstitial brachytherapy (PI) and to population-based registries. Competing risk regression analyses were used to determine the cumulative risk of developing MDS. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Of 10924 patients, 5119 (47%) received radiation (n = 2183 [43%] in EBRT group and n = 2936 [57%] in PI group) and 5805 (53%) were treated with RP. Overall, 31 cases of MDS were observed, with age-adjusted incidence rates no higher than in population-based registries. In univariate analyses, advancing age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.20; P < .001) and radiotherapy exposure (HR = 3.44; 95% CI = 1.41 to 8.37; P = .007) were statistically significantly associated with development of MDS. In multivariable analyses, although advanced age (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.19; P < .001) remained statistically associated with MDS, radiation did not, although a small non-statistically significant trend existed for PI-treated patients. MDS rates were no higher than in population-based registries. CONCLUSIONS With relatively short follow-up, prostate cancer patients definitively treated with radiation did not appear to have a statistically increased risk of subsequent MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Mukherjee
- Affiliations of authors: Leukemia Program (SM, RVT, AAA, YS, KP, SH, JPM, BJB, MK, MAS), Department of Radiation Oncology (CAR, JPC, MA-W), and Department of Solid Tumor Oncology (RD), Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC (EC); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (EAK)
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer related death in women. The ability to identify and diagnose breast cancer has improved markedly. Treatment decisions which were based in the past predominantly on the anatomic extent of the disease are shifting to the underlying biological mechanisms. Gene array technology has led to the recognition that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of different biological subtypes, and genetic profiling enables response to chemotherapy to be predicted. Breast conservation became an established standard of care and the oncoplastic approach enables wide excisions without compromising the natural shape of the breast. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has replaced axillary dissection as the standard procedure to stage the axilla and spared many patients the excess morbidity of axillary dissection. Targeted therapy to the oestrogen receptor plays a major role in systemic therapy; pathways responsible for endocrine resistance have been targeted as well. Biological therapy has been developed to target HER2 receptor and combination of antibody drug conjugates linked cytotoxic therapy to HER2 antibodies. Meaningful improvements in survival resulted from the new effective systemic agents and patients with metastasis are likely to have a longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Libson
- Soroka Medical Centre, Ben Gurion University , Beer Sheva , Israel
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Age related risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia among breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 142:629-36. [PMID: 24265034 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increased incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been identified among breast cancer (BC) survivors but measurement has not included myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Our aim is to identify age and stage related MDS/AML incidence post BC diagnosis. We used the 2001-2009 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database to identify first primary stage I-III BC patients. Subsequent MDS or AML diagnosis was identified with observed rates compared to expected MDS/AML incidence in the general population. Age adjusted observed/expected rate ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The unadjusted all age and stage MDS/AML incidence rate was .15 % (470/306,691) with a progressively higher rate by age (age 20-49 = .11, age 50-64 = .14, age 65+ =.21, and age 75+ =.18) and stage (stage I = .11, stage II = .18, and stage III = .22). Compared to the general population, BC patients had a 2.75-fold [95 % CI 2.51-3.00] increased relative risk of being diagnosed with MDS/AML. Young age survivors had highest relative risk [age 20-49: relative risk (RR) = 10.60 (95 % CI 8.57-12.93); age 50-64: 5.96 (95 % CI 5.13, 6.88); age 65-74 year-olds: 2.94 (95 % CI 2.45, 3.50); and age ≥75 year-olds: 1.28 (95 % CI 1.03, 1.56)]. Separately MDS relative risk was highest among young women [30.44 (95 % CI = 19.63, 44.62)]. MDS/AML relative risk increased from 1.87 to 5.66 for stage I-III. CONCLUSIONS Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia relative risk is substantially elevated among breast cancer survivors especially those aged 20-49. While the actual number is small, MDS/AML is a serious disease. More research is needed to identify the treatments that put women at risk and find less leukemogenic options, especially for young women.
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Rosas K, Van Siclen CP. Pancytopenia With Predominant Thrombocytopenia in a 37-Year-Old Female With Li Fraumeni Syndrome. Lab Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1309/lm216texpguydrug] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Kaplan H, Malmgren J, De Roos AJ. Risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia post radiation treatment for breast cancer: a population-based study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 137:863-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Treatment of high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with weekly high-dose methotrexate-etoposide. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 127:47-50. [PMID: 22705360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess toxicity and efficacy of weekly high-dose methotrexate-etoposide (HD MTX-ETO) in high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). METHODS Retrospective chart review of high-risk GTN patients treated with HD MTX-ETO (methotrexate 1000 mg/m² day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m² days 1 and 2, q 1 wk). RESULTS 134 cycles of HD MTX-ETO were administered to twelve patients; median number of cycles was 8 (range 2-39 cycles). Median follow up was 25.5 months (range 11-69). 7 of these patients switched due to ototoxicity from EP-EMA (etoposide 150 mg/m², cisplatin 75 mg/m² i.v. day 1; etoposide 100 mg/m², methotrexate 300 mg/m², dactinomycin 0.5 mg i.v. day 8, q 14 d) to HD MTX-ETO, after an average of 7 cycles of EP-EMA. Six achieved complete remission without disease recurrence. One patient with a placental site trophoblastic tumour died due to progressive disease. Five patients received HD MTX-ETO primarily; 1 patient with choriocarcinoma presenting with metastases to the brain and liver (WHO score 19) was switched to EP-EMA and died due to complications under EP-EMA. The other 4 achieved complete remission without disease recurrence. HD MTX-ETO was well tolerated; non-haematological toxicity was low except for alopecia and fatigue. Nine patients had grade 2-4 anaemia and received packed cells. Eight patients had grade 3-4 neutropenia and received G-CSF. Two patients developed febrile neutropenia without sepsis. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results show a better toxicity profile with HD MTX-ETO than EP-EMA and encouraging efficacy. HD MTX-ETO might be a treatment option for some patients with high-risk GTN and needs further investigation.
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