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Kashfi K. Fifty Years of Diazeniumdiolate Research: A Tribute to Dr. Larry K. Keefer. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:47-55. [PMID: 37824386 PMCID: PMC11076142 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023048491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering studies of Dr. Larry Keefer and colleagues with diazeniumdiolates or NONOates as a platform have unraveled the chemical biology of many nitric oxides and have led to the design of a variety of promising therapeutic agents in oncology, gastroenterology, antimicrobials, wound healing, and the like. This dedication to Dr. Larry Keefer briefly highlights some of his studies using the diazeniumdiolate platform in the cancer arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Beppu T, Nishi K, Imoto S, Araki W, Setoguchi I, Ueda A, Suetsugi N, Ishima Y, Ikeda T, Otagiri M, Yamasaki K. Novel nitric oxide donor, nitrated phenylbutyrate, induces cell death of human pancreatic cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth of cancer xenografts. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:178. [PMID: 36004467 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a low response rate to chemotherapy due to the low drug transferability caused by the low blood flow around the tumor. In the present study, focusing on nitric oxide (NO) for its vasodilatory and antitumor effects, a novel NO donor, a nitrated form of phenylbutyrate (NPB) was synthesized and the antitumor effect on human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC1 and BxPC3) and xenografts was examined. Using Annexin V, NPB was confirmed to induce cell death against AsPC1 and BxPC3 in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. In NPB‑exposed cells, DAF‑FM DA (a probe to detect intracellular NO) derived fluorescence was observed. Release of nitrite and nitrate from NPB in aqueous solution was very gradual until even 72 h after dissolution. Phenylbutyrate (PB) and hydroxy PB in which the nitro group of NPB was replaced with a hydroxyl group did not have the cell death‑inducing effect as observed in NPB. These results suggest that the effect of NPB was dependent on NO release form NPB. Apoptosis inhibitor, Z‑VAD FMK, had no effect on the cell death‑inducing effect of NPB, and NPB did not show significant activation of caspase‑3/7. In addition, NPB significantly decreased cellular ATP levels, suggesting that necrosis is involved in the effect of NPB. NPB also accumulated cells specifically at the S phase of the cell cycle. A single dose of NPB (10 mg/kg) into mice with established BxPC3 xenografts significantly suppressed tumor growth for at least 7 weeks without apparent toxicity. The findings of the present study indicate that NPB has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for NO‑based therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Beppu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Waka Araki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Itaru Setoguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Naho Suetsugi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8505, Japan
| | - Tokunori Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi‑ku, Kumamoto 860‑0082, Japan
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Zhao Y, Li J, Chen J, Ye M, Jin X. Functional roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in prostate cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1125-1144. [PMID: 35816219 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant epithelial tumor of the prostate gland with a high male cancer incidence. Numerous studies indicate that abnormal function of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is associated with the progression and metastasis of PCa. E3 ubiquitin ligases, key components of UPS, determine the specificity of substrates, and substantial advances of E3 ubiquitin ligases have been reached recently. Herein, we introduce the structures and functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and summarize the mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases-related PCa signaling pathways. In addition, some progresses in the development of inhibitors targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Salihi A, Al-Naqshabandi MA, Khudhur ZO, Housein Z, Hama HA, Abdullah RM, Hussen BM, Alkasalias T. Gasotransmitters in the tumor microenvironment: Impacts on cancer chemotherapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:233. [PMID: 35616143 PMCID: PMC9178674 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are three endogenous gasotransmitters that serve a role in regulating normal and pathological cellular activities. They can stimulate or inhibit cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as interfere with cancer cell responses to drug treatments. Understanding the molecular pathways governing the interactions between these gases and the tumor microenvironment can be utilized for the identification of a novel technique to disrupt cancer cell interactions and may contribute to the conception of effective and safe cancer therapy strategies. The present review discusses the effects of these gases in modulating the action of chemotherapies, as well as prospective pharmacological and therapeutic interfering approaches. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin the cellular and pharmacological effects, as well as interactions, of each of the three gases could pave the way for therapeutic treatments and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Naqshabandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zjwan Housein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnique University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Harmand A. Hama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Ramyar M. Abdullah
- College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Twana Alkasalias
- General Directorate of Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Xie J, Chen L, Huang D, Yue W, Chen J, Liu C. A nitric oxide-releasing prodrug promotes apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
JS-K is a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrug of the O2-arylated diazeniumdiolate group that shows pronounced cytotoxicity and antitumor properties in numerous cancer models, including in vitro as well as in vivo. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce carcinogenesis by altering the redox status, causing increment in vulnerability to oxidative stress.
Material and methods
To determine the effect of JS-K, a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-activated NO-donor prodrug, on the induction of ROS accumulation, proliferation, and apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells, we measured the changes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS growth, and initiation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway before and after JS-K treatment.
Results
In vitro, dose- and time-dependent development of renal carcinoma cells were controlled for JS-K, and JS-K also triggered ROS aggregation and cell apoptosis. Treatment with JS-K induces the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bak and Bax) and decrease the number of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). In fact, JS-K-induced apoptosis was reversed by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, and oxidized glutathione, a pro-oxidant, improved JS-K-induced apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated that in renal carcinoma cells, JS-K improved the chemosensitivity of doxorubicin.
Conclusion
Our data indicate that JS-K-released NO induce apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Xie
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , No. 253, Industrial Road , Guangzhou , 510282, Guangdong , China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Huizhou , No. 20, Sanxin Road , Huizhou , 516000, Guangdong , China
| | - Dongqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Huizhou , No. 20, Sanxin Road , Huizhou , 516000, Guangdong , China
| | - Weiwei Yue
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Huizhou , No. 20, Sanxin Road , Huizhou , 516000, Guangdong , China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Huizhou , No. 20, Sanxin Road , Huizhou , 516000, Guangdong , China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , No. 253, Industrial Road , Guangzhou , 510282, Guangdong , China
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Soni Y, Softness K, Arora H, Ramasamy R. The Yin Yang Role of Nitric Oxide in Prostate Cancer. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320903191. [PMID: 32028831 PMCID: PMC7008561 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320903191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule in the human body with well-known roles in many different processes and organ systems. In cancer, the two-concentrations hypothesis of NO has dictated that low levels of NO are cancer promoting, while high levels of NO are protective against cancer. Although prostate cancer is a hormonally driven malignancy, research has been shifting away from androgen-responsive epithelial cells and evolving to focus on NO therapies, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and inflammation. NO is reported to be able to inhibit activity of the androgen receptor. This may prevent prostate growth, but low levels of NO could conversely select for castration-resistant prostate cells, creating an aggressive cancer phenotype. At high levels, nitrosative stress created from NO overproduction can be protective against prostate neoplasia. In this review, we discuss development and possibilities of NO-based therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Soni
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth Softness
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Dillon KM, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB, Kashfi K. The evolving landscape for cellular nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide delivery systems: A new era of customized medications. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113931. [PMID: 32224139 PMCID: PMC7263970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are industrial toxins or pollutants; however, both are produced endogenously and have important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. The recognition that these gasotransmitters have a role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has presented opportunities to harness their intracellular effects either through inhibition of their production; or more commonly, through inducing their levels and or delivering them by various modalities. In this review article, we have focused on an array of NO and H2S donors, their hybrids with other established classes of drugs, and the various engineered delivery platforms such a fibers, polymers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and others. In each case, we have reviewed the rationale for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearsley M Dillon
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ryan J Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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Zhao Y, Luo Q, Mo J, Li J, Ye D, Ao Z, Chen L, Liu J. Metformin in combination with JS-K inhibits growth of renal cell carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species activation and inducing DNA breaks. J Cancer 2020; 11:3701-3712. [PMID: 32328174 PMCID: PMC7171495 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is taken as a principal medication for remedying Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its anti-tumor effect has been reported increasingly, but the precise mechanism of it remains unclear. This study aims to explore the efficacy of MET and MET combined with nitric oxide donor prodrug JS-K on the proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, and investigate the possible molecular mechanism involved. The cell proliferation was tested through methyl-tetrazolium assay and cell apoptosis was ascertained by flow cytometry. The dihydroethidium and JC-1 fluorescent methods were used to detect Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), respectively. Proteins associated with apoptosis and DNA damage were evaluated by Western blotting. Results showed that MET and JS-K could suppress cell growth, and the inhibition concentration 50 of treatment with MET combined with JS-K (MET + JS-K) showed more toxicity than individual agents on RCC cells. This augmented toxicity was associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential alteration, and induced DNA breaks. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression level of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, caspase-3, and caspase-9, was up-regulated, and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated after treatment using MET alone and MET + JS-K, correspondingly. Moreover, MET + JS-K inhibited the expression of cellular PCNA and Rad51, and immunofluorescence analysis of γH2AX proved that MET + JS-K enhanced DNA damage. In summary, the results of this research indicated that MET and JS-K inhibited RCC cell growth by activating ROS, targeting mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways, and inducing DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Qiuming Luo
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Jierong Mo
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Dongcai Ye
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zhixian Ao
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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Bonavida B. Sensitizing activities of nitric oxide donors for cancer resistance to anticancer therapeutic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113913. [PMID: 32173364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is not a single disease but it constitutes a large variety of different types that are also different from each other phenotypically and molecularly. Although the standard treatments have resulted in clinical responses in a subset of patients, though, many patients relapse and no longer respond to further treatments. Hence, both the innate and adaptive resistance to treatments are the main challenges in today's treatment strategies. Noteworthy, several novel treatment strategies, particularly immunotherapies, used alone or in combination, have been developed and that have significantly improved the therapeutic response of many unresponsive cancer patients. Nevertheless, even with the latest new developments of therapeutics that were effective in a larger subset of patients, there is still an urgent need to treat the remaining unresponsive subset of patients. This requires the development of new targeting agents of superior antitumor activities that will lead to overcoming the unaffected resistance by current treatments. There has been accumulating evidence suggesting nitric oxide donors as such targeting agents and considering their pleiotropic antitumor activities, including both the reversal of chemo and immuno-resistance of various unresponsive resistant cancers. The in vitro and in vivo preclinical findings corroborate the sensitizing antitumor activities of nitric oxide donors. In addition, a few clinical findings with NO donors that have been applied in patients have corroborated their antitumor and sensitizing activities in combination with standard therapies. In this review, the role and underlying mechanisms by which nitric oxide donors sensitize cancer resistant cells to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Liu B, Huang X, Li Y, Liao W, Li M, Liu Y, He R, Feng D, Zhu R, Kurihara H. JS-K, a nitric oxide donor, induces autophagy as a complementary mechanism inhibiting ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:645. [PMID: 31262254 PMCID: PMC6604176 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most frequent gynecological cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis because OC progression is often asymptoma-tic and is detected at a late stage. There remains an urgent need for novel targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. As a nitric oxide prodrug, JS-K is reported highly cytotoxic to human cancer cells such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and breast cancer. This study is aim to investigate the influence of JS-K on proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and explored possible autophagy-related mechanisms, which will contribute to future ovarian cancer therapy and supply theory support that JS-K holds great promise as a novel therapeutic agent against ovarian cancer. METHODS The cytotoxicity, extracellular ROS/RNS activity and apoptotic effect of JS-K and indicated inhibitors on ovarian cancer cells in vitro were evaluated by MTT assay, extracellular ROS/RNS assay, caspases activities assay and western blot. Further autophagy effect of JS-K and indicated inhibitors were examined by MTT assay, cell transfection, immunofluorescence analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and western blot on ovarian cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, the BALB/c-nude female mice with SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells xenograft were used to examine the efficacy of JS-K treatment on tumor growth. PCNA and p62 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In vitro, JS-K inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, induced apoptosis and cell nucleus shrinkage, enhanced the enzymatic activity of caspase-3/7/8/9, and significantly increased the production of ROS/RNS in ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV3 cells, these effects were attenuated by inhibition of NAC. In addition, JS-K induced autophagy-related proteins and autophagosomes changes in ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV3 cells. In vivo, JS-K inhibited tumor growth, decreased p62 protein expression and increased the expression levels of PCNA in xenograft models which were established using SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, we demonstrated that ROS/RNS stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy are mechanisms by which SKOV3 cells undergo cell death after treatment with JS-K in vitro. Moreover, JS-K inhibited SKOV3 tumor growth in vivo. An alternative therapeutic approach for triggering cell death in cancer cells could constitute a useful multimodal therapies for treating ovarian cancer, which is known for its resistance to apoptosis-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001 Guangdong China
| | - Yifang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Weiguo Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001 Guangdong China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001 Guangdong China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning China
| | - Rongrong He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou, Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001 Guangdong China
- Center for Cell Therapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
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11
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Zhao X, Cai A, Peng Z, Liang W, Xi H, Li P, Chen G, Yu J, Chen L. JS-K induces reactive oxygen species-dependent anti-cancer effects by targeting mitochondria respiratory chain complexes in gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2489-2504. [PMID: 30672108 PMCID: PMC6433691 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nitric oxide (NO) donor prodrug, JS‐K inhibits cancer cell proliferation, induces the differentiation of human leukaemia cells, and triggers apoptotic cell death in various cancer models. However, the anti‐cancer effect of JS‐K in gastric cancer has not been reported. In this study, we found that JS‐K inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and triggered mitochondrial apoptosis. Moreover, JS‐K induced a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the clearance of ROS by antioxidant reagents reversed JS‐K‐induced toxicity in gastric cancer cells and subcutaneous xenografts. Although JS‐K triggered significant NO release, NO scavenging had no effect on JS‐K‐induced toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, ROS, but not NO, mediated the anti‐cancer effects of JS‐K in gastric cancer. We also explored the potential mechanism of JS‐K‐induced ROS accumulation and found that JS‐K significantly down‐regulated the core proteins of mitochondria respiratory chain (MRC) complex I and IV, resulting in the reduction of MRC complex I and IV activity and the subsequent ROS production. Moreover, JS‐K inhibited the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including copper‐zinc‐containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase, which contributed to the decrease of antioxidant enzymes activity and the subsequent inhibition of ROS clearance. Therefore, JS‐K may target MRC complex I and IV and antioxidant enzymes to exert ROS‐dependent anti‐cancer function, leading to the potential usage of JS‐K in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aizhen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhu Chen
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyun Yu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Qiu M, Zhang S, Ke L, Tang H, Zeng X, Liu J. JS-K enhances chemosensitivity of prostate cancer cells to Taxol via reactive oxygen species activation. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:757-764. [PMID: 30655827 PMCID: PMC6312932 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the nitric oxide donor prodrug JS-K (C13H16N6O8) on Taxol-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and to investigate a potential reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated mechanism. The effect of JS-K on the anticancer activity of Taxol was assessed in prostate cancer cells; cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, ROS generation and expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were investigated. The function of ROS accumulation in the combined effects of JS-K and Taxol was determined using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the pro-oxidant oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The results of the present study demonstrated that JS-K was able to increase Taxol-induced suppression of prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS accumulation and upregulation of apoptosis-associated proteins. Furthermore, NAC reversed the effect of JS-K on Taxol-induced apoptosis and conversely, the pro-oxidant GSSG exacerbated the effect of JS-K on Taxol-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, JS-K enhances the chemosensitivity of prostate cancer cells to Taxol, via the upregulation of intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Dong SC, Sha HH, Xu XY, Hu TM, Lou R, Li H, Wu JZ, Dan C, Feng J. Glutathione S-transferase π: a potential role in antitumor therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3535-3547. [PMID: 30425455 PMCID: PMC6204874 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s169833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase π (GSTπ) is a Phase II metabolic enzyme that is an important facilitator of cellular detoxification. Traditional dogma asserts that GSTπ functions to catalyze glutathione (GSH)-substrate conjunction to preserve the macromolecule upon exposure to oxidative stress, thus defending cells against various toxic compounds. Over the past 20 years, abnormal GSTπ expression has been linked to the occurrence of tumor resistance to chemotherapy drugs, demonstrating that this enzyme possesses functions beyond metabolism. This revelation reveals exciting possibilities in the realm of drug discovery, as GSTπ inhibitors and its prodrugs offer a feasible strategy in designing anticancer drugs with the primary purpose of reversing tumor resistance. In connection with the authors' current research, we provide a review on the biological function of GSTπ and current developments in GSTπ-targeting drugs, as well as the prospects of future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Dong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Xiao-Yue Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Tian-Mu Hu
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rui Lou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Huizi Li
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Chen Dan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
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Huang Z, Liu L, Chen J, Cao M, Wang J. JS-K as a nitric oxide donor induces apoptosis via the ROS/Ca 2+/caspase-mediated mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1385-1392. [PMID: 30257354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
JS-K, (O2-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl] diazen 1-ium-1, 2-diolate), is a novel diazeniumdiolate-based nitric oxide donor prodrug. The present study investigated the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, Ca2+ overload and mitochondrial disruption in JS-K-induced apoptosis. JS-K could significantly inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, JS-K caused the accumulation of ROS, overload of Ca2+, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, increase of Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase- 9/3. NAC (an antioxidant) or BAPTA (an intracellular Ca2+ chelator) could partially reverse the above events, while BAPTA had little effect on the levels of ROS. Furthermore, pre-treatment with Carboxy-PTIO (a NO scavenger) significantly blocked the increasing of ROS, cytosolic Ca2+ and reversed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in JS-K-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the results suggested that NO released from JS-K could significantly induce HepG2 cell apoptosis through a ROS/Ca2+/caspase-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
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Protein phosphatase 2A activation mechanism contributes to JS-K induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:142. [PMID: 29986744 PMCID: PMC6038275 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background JS-K is a nitric oxide (NO) donor and could generate intracellularly high levels of NO. The study explores PP2A as a tumor suppressor is a major determinant mediating JS-K-caused apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods The human HCC cell lines (PLC5, Huh-7, Bel-7402, SMMC-7721 and HepG2) were used to assess effects of JS-K on cell viability, apoptosis induction and PP2A activation. Effects of JS-K on cell morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis and NO levels were determined in HCC cells expressing PP2A. Simultaneously, the expression of PP2A family including PP2A-A(α/β), PP2A-B55, PP2A-C(α/β) and the substrates of PP2A, such as β-catenin, c-Myc and p-Bcl-2 (Ser70) were detected in sensitive HCC cells. Furthermore, the role of NO in mediating the expression of PP2A was further validated with Z-VAD-FMK (a caspase inhibitor), Carboxy-PTIO (a NO scavenger), okadaic acid (OA, a PP2A inhibitor) and FTY720 (a PP2A agonist) in JS-K treated cells. In addition, the genetic manuplation of PP2A including overexpression and knockdown have been also performed in JS-K treated cells. Moreover, the rat model of primary hepatic carcinoma was established with diethylnitrosamine for 16 weeks to verify the anti-tumor effects of JS-K in vivo. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins in rat primary hepatic carcinoma tissues. Results JS-K significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis rate and activated PP2A activity in five HCC cells viability, especially SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. It was characterized by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, significant externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear morphological changes. Moreover, JS-K enhanced Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, released cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria, activated cleaved-caspase-9/3 and the cleavage of PARP, and decreased the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Both Z-VAD-FMK and Carboxy-PTIO suppressed the activation of cleaved-caspase-9/3 and of cleaved-PARP in JS-K-treated sensitive HCC cells. Simultaneously, JS-K treatment could lead to the activation of protein phosphatase 2A-C (PP2A-C) but not PP2A-A and PP2A-B55, which subsequently inactivated and dephosphorylated the PP2A substrates including β-catenin, c-Myc, and p-Bcl-2 (Ser70). However, silencing PP2A-C could abolish both the activation of PP2A-C and down-regulation of β-catenin, c-Myc and p-Bcl-2 (Ser70) in sensitive HCC cells. Conversely, PP2A overexpression could enhance the effects of JS-K on activation of PP2A and down-regulation of β-catenin, c-Myc and p-Bcl-2 (Ser70). In addition, adding okadaic acid (OA), a PP2A inhibitor, abolished the effects of JS-K on apoptosis induction, PP2A activation and the substrates of PP2A dephosphorylation; FTY720, a PP2A agonist, enhanced the effects of JS-K including apoptosis induction, PP2A activation and the substrates of PP2A dephosphorylation. The mice exhibited a lower number and smaller tumor nodules in response to JS-K-treated group. A marked increase in the number of hepatocytes with PCNA-positive nuclei (proliferating cells) was evident in DEN group and tended to decrease with JS-K treatment. Furthermore, JS-K treatment could induce PP2A activation and the substrates of PP2A inactivation such as β-catenin, c-Myc and p-Bcl-2(Ser70) in DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusions High levels of NO released from JS-K induces a caspase-dependent apoptosis through PP2A activation.
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Zhang J, Song H, Ji S, Wang X, Huang P, Zhang C, Wang W, Kong D. NO prodrug-conjugated, self-assembled, pH-responsive and galactose receptor targeted nanoparticles for co-delivery of nitric oxide and doxorubicin. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4179-4188. [PMID: 29442103 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery and controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) locoregionally are in high demand and challenging in cancer treatment. Herein, we report an example of galactose receptor targeted, pH-responsive and self-assembled nanoparticle-based delivery of the NO prodrug O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[4-(propargyloxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (alkynyl-JSK), which was chemically conjugated to an amphiphilic block copolymer through a click reaction for the first time. The assembled NO prodrug nanoparticles show high NO capacity (the content of the NO prodrug in the copolymer, ∼23.4% (w/w)), good stability and a sustained NO release pattern with unique glutathione/glutathione S-transferase (GSH/GST) activated NO-releasing kinetics. Such NO-loaded nanoparticles exhibit superior cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. More importantly, in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy a significant synergistic therapeutic effect was achieved, due to its excellent galactose receptor-targeting capability, rapid acid-triggered DOX release and sustained NO release. Our findings indicate that these multifunctional nanoparticles can serve as an efficient NO and chemotherapeutic agent delivery platform, holding great promise in cancer combinatorial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Seabra AB, Durán N. Nitric oxide donors for prostate and bladder cancers: Current state and challenges. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:158-168. [PMID: 29501865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous molecule that plays pivotal physiological and pathophysiological roles, particularly in cancer biology. Generally, low concentrations of NO (pico- to nanomolar range) lead to tumor promotion. In contrast, high NO concentrations (micromolar range) have pro-apoptotic functions, leading to tumor suppression, and in this case, NO is involved in immune surveillance. Under oxidative stress, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) produces high NO concentrations for antineoplastic activities. Prostate and bladder cancers are the most commonly detected cancers in men, and are related to cancer death in males. This review summarizes the state of the art of NO/NO donors in combating prostate and bladder cancers, highlighting the importance of NO donors in cancer treatment, and the limitations and challenges to be overcome. In addition, the combination of NO donors with classical therapies (radio- or chemotherapy) in the treatment of prostate and bladder cancers is also presented and discussed. The combination of NO donors with conventional anticancer drugs is reported to inhibit tumor growth, since NO is able to sensitize tumor cells, enhancing the efficacy of the traditional drugs. Although important progress has been made, more studies are still necessary to definitely translate the administration of NO donors to clinical sets. The purpose of this review is to inspire new avenues in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedea B Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; NanoBioss Lab., Chemistry Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (NANOMED), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Durán
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; NanoBioss Lab., Chemistry Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (NANOMED), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Chemistry Institute, Biol. Chem. Lab., Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Huang Z, Wu J, Zou Y, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Fei Y, Bhardwaj A, Kaur J, Knaus EE, Zhang Y. Glutathione S-Transferase π-Activatable O2-(Sulfonylethyl Derived) Diazeniumdiolates Potently Suppress Melanoma in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1833-1844. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yinqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Edward E. Knaus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Qiu M, Ke L, Zhang S, Zeng X, Fang Z, Liu J. JS-K, a GST-activated nitric oxide donor prodrug, enhances chemo-sensitivity in renal carcinoma cells and prevents cardiac myocytes toxicity induced by Doxorubicin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:275-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Endothelial NO Synthase-Dependent S-Nitrosylation of β-Catenin Prevents Its Association with TCF4 and Inhibits Proliferation of Endothelial Cells Stimulated by Wnt3a. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00089-17. [PMID: 28320874 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00089-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) modulates many functions in endothelial cells. S-nitrosylation (SNO) of cysteine residues on β-catenin by eNOS-derived NO has been shown to influence intercellular contacts between endothelial cells. However, the implication of SNO in the regulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity is ill defined. Here, we report that NO inhibits the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and endothelial cell proliferation induced by activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Interestingly, induction by Wnt3a of β-catenin target genes, such as the axin2 gene, is repressed in an eNOS-dependent manner by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We identified Cys466 of β-catenin as a target for SNO by eNOS-derived NO and as the critical residue for the repressive effects of NO on β-catenin transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we observed that Cys466 of β-catenin, located at the binding interface of the β-catenin-TCF4 transcriptional complex, is essential for disruption of this complex by NO. Importantly, Cys466 of β-catenin is necessary for the inhibitory effects of NO on Wnt3a-stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells. Thus, our data define the mechanism responsible for the repressive effects of NO on the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and link eNOS-derived NO to the modulation by VEGF of Wnt/β-catenin-induced endothelial cell proliferation.
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Tan G, Qiu M, Chen L, Zhang S, Ke L, Liu J. JS-K, a nitric oxide pro-drug, regulates growth and apoptosis through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:376. [PMID: 28549433 PMCID: PMC5446692 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In view of the fact that JS-K might regulate ubiquitin E3 ligase and that ubiquitin E3 ligase plays an important role in the mechanism of CRPC formation, the goal was to investigate the probable mechanism by which JS-K regulates prostate cancer cells. Methods Proliferation inhibition by JS-K on prostate cancer cells was examined usingCCK-8 assays. Caspase 3/7 activity assays and flow cytometry were performed to examine whether JS-K induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation analyses investigated JS-K’s effects on the associated apoptosis mechanism. Real time-PCR and Western blotting were performed to assess JS-K’s effect on transcription of specific AR target genes. Western blotting was also performed to detect Siah2 and AR protein concentrations and co-immunoprecipitation to detect interactions of Siah2 and AR, NCoR1 and AR, and p300 and AR. Results JS-K inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. JS-K increased p53 and Mdm2 concentrations and regulated the caspase cascade reaction-associated protein concentrations. JS-K inhibited transcription of AR target genes and down-regulated PSA protein concentrations. JS-K inhibited Siah2 interactions and also inhibited the ubiquitination of AR. With further investigation, JS-K was found to stabilize AR and NCoR1 interactions and diminish AR and p300 interactions. Conclusions The present results suggested that JS-K might have been able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis via regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway, which represented a promising platform for the development of new compounds for PCa treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3351-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Tan
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China.
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Qiu M, Chen L, Tan G, Ke L, Zhang S, Chen H, Liu J. JS-K promotes apoptosis by inducing ROS production in human prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1137-1142. [PMID: 28454225 PMCID: PMC5403315 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemical species that alter redox status, and are responsible for inducing carcinogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of the glutathione S transferase-activated nitric oxide donor prodrug, JS-K, on ROS accumulation and on proliferation and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis, ROS accumulation and the activation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway were measured. The results demonstrated that JS-K may inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induce ROS accumulation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. With increasing concentrations of JS-K, expression of pro-apoptotic proteins increased, but Bcl-2 expression decreased. Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reversed JS-K-induced cell apoptosis; conversely, the pro-oxidant glutathione disulfide exacerbated JS-K-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, the data suggest that JS-K induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis by increasing ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Tan
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hege Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Lub S, Maes K, Menu E, De Bruyne E, Vanderkerken K, Van Valckenborgh E. Novel strategies to target the ubiquitin proteasome system in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6521-37. [PMID: 26695547 PMCID: PMC4872730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The success of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in the treatment of MM highlights the importance of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in this particular cancer. Despite the prolonged survival of MM patients, a significant amount of patients relapse or become resistant to therapy. This underlines the importance of the development and investigation of novel targets to improve MM therapy. The UPS plays an important role in different cellular processes by targeted destruction of proteins. The ubiquitination process consists of enzymes that transfer ubiquitin to proteins targeting them for proteasomal degradation. An emerging and promising approach is to target more disease specific components of the UPS to reduce side effects and overcome resistance. In this review, we will focus on different components of the UPS such as the ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2, the E3 ubiquitin ligases, the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and the proteasome. We will discuss their role in MM and the implications in drug discovery for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lub
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Perner S, Cronauer MV, Schrader AJ, Klocker H, Culig Z, Baniahmad A. Adaptive responses of androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:35542-55. [PMID: 26325261 PMCID: PMC4742123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is an important age-related disease being the most common cancer malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men in Western countries. Initially, PCa progression is androgen receptor (AR)- and androgen-dependent. Eventually advanced PCa reaches the stage of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC), but remains dependent on AR, which indicates the importance of AR activity also for CRPC. Here, we discuss various pathways that influence the AR activity in CRPC, which indicates an adaptation of the AR signaling in PCa to overcome the treatment of PCa. The adaptation pathways include interferences of the normal regulation of the AR protein level, the expression of AR variants, the crosstalk of the AR with cytokine tyrosine kinases, the Src-Akt-, the MAPK-signaling pathways and AR corepressors. Furthermore, we summarize the current treatment options with regard to the underlying molecular basis of the common adaptation processes of AR signaling that may arise after the treatment with AR antagonists, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as well as for CRPC, and point towards novel therapeutic strategies. The understanding of individualized adaptation processes in PCa will lead to individualized treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Perner
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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Qiu M, Chen L, Tan G, Ke L, Zhang S, Chen H, Liu J. A reactive oxygen species activation mechanism contributes to JS-K-induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15104. [PMID: 26458509 PMCID: PMC4602210 DOI: 10.1038/srep15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidant stress are regulators of cancer cells. The alteration of redox status, which is induced by increased generation of ROS, results in increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (JS-K, C13H16N6O8) on proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and explored possible ROS-related mechanisms. Our results indicated that JS-K could suppress bladder cancer cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induce apoptosis and ROS accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. With increasing concentrations of JS-K, expression of proteins that are involved in cell apoptosis increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed JS-K-induced cell apoptosis; conversely, the prooxidant oxidized glutathione (GSSG) exacerbated JS-K-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that nitrites, which were generated from the oxidation of JS-K-released NO, induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells to a lower extent through the ROS-related pathway. In addition, JS-K was shown to enhance the chemo-sensitivity of doxorubicin in bladder cancer cells. Taken together, the data suggest that JS-K-released NO induces bladder cancer cell apoptosis by increasing ROS levels, and nitrites resulting from oxidation of NO have a continuous apoptosis-inducing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Guobin Tan
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Hege Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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26
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Bonavida B, Garban H. Nitric oxide-mediated sensitization of resistant tumor cells to apoptosis by chemo-immunotherapeutics. Redox Biol 2015; 6:486-494. [PMID: 26432660 PMCID: PMC4596920 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of NO by the various NO synthases in normal and malignant tissues is manifested by various biological effects that are involved in the regulation of cell survival, differentiation and cell death. The role of NO in the cytotoxic immune response was first revealed by demonstrating the induction of iNOS in target cells by immune cytokines (e.g. IFN-γ, IL-1, TNF-α, etc.) and resulting in the sensitization of resistant tumor cells to death ligands-induced apoptosis. Endogenous/exogenous NO mediated its immune sensitizing effect by inhibiting NF-κΒ activity and downstream, inactivating the repressor transcription factor YY1, which inhibited both Fas and DR5 expressions. In addition, NO-mediated inhibition of NF-κΒ activity and inhibition downstream of its anti-apoptotic gene targets sensitized the tumor cells to apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs. We have identified in tumor cells a dysregulated pro-survival/anti-apoptotic loop consisting of NF-κB/Snail/YY1/RKIP/PTEN and its modification by NO was responsible, in large, for the reversal of chemo and immune resistance and sensitization to apoptotic mechanisms by cytotoxic agents. Moreover, tumor cells treated with exogenous NO donors resulted in the inhibition of NF-κΒ activity via S-nitrosylation of p50 and p65, inhibition of Snail (NF-κΒ target gene), inhibition of transcription repression by S-nitrosylation of YY1 and subsequent inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induction of RKIP (inhibition of the transcription repressor Snail), and induction of PTEN (inhibition of the repressors Snail and YY1). Further, each gene product modified by NO in the loop was involved in chemo-immunosensitization. These above findings demonstrated that NO donors interference in the regulatory circuitry result in chemo-immunosensitization and inhibition of EMT. Overall, these observations suggest the potential anti-tumor therapeutic effect of NO donors in combination with subtoxic chemo-immuno drugs. This combination acts on multiple facets including reversal of chemo-immune resistance, and inhibition of both EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Hermes Garban
- NantBioScience, Inc., NantWorks, LLC., California NanoSystems Institute (CnSI) at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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27
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Diagnostic value of SFRP1 as a favorable predictive and prognostic biomarker in patients with prostate cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118276. [PMID: 25719802 PMCID: PMC4342152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing genetic and molecular biological evidence suggests that the disruption of balance between Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-1 (SFRP1) and β-catenin plays an important role in the initiation and development of multiple cancers. The aim of this study was to examine whether the expression of SFRP1 and β-catenin is associated with the clinical-pathologic features of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), and to evaluate their potential roles as predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this study, a total of 61 patients with PCa and 10 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were included, and we showed that the expression of SFRP1 and β-catenin was correlated with the Gleason score, survival rate and response for endocrine therapy of PCa. The survival rates of PCa patients with low SFRP1 expression (P = 0.016) or high β-catenin expression (P = 0.004) were significantly poorer. A negative correlation (r = -0.275, P = 0.032) between SFRP1 and β-catenin was observed by Chi-square test. Multivariate analysis suggested that SFRP1 (hazard ratio, 0.429; 95% confidence intervals, 0.227–0.812; P = 0.009) may serve as an independent predictive and prognostic factor for PCa. We also showed that the protein and mRNA levels of SFRP1 in androgen-dependent PCa cell line LNCaP were significantly higher than those in androgen-independent PCa cell lines DU145 and PC3. However, the protein level of β-catenin in LNCaP cells was significantly lower than that in DU145 and PC3 cells, and no significant difference of β-catenin mRNA level was observed in LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 cells. Bisulfite sequencing PCR assay revealed significantly lower methylation level of SFRP1 promoter in LNCaP cells than that in DU145 and PC3 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that SFRP1, which expression inversely correlates with that of β-catenin, is a favorable predictive and prognostic biomarker.
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28
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Michels J, Obrist F, Castedo M, Vitale I, Kroemer G. PARP and other prospective targets for poisoning cancer cell metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:164-71. [PMID: 25199458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that cancer cells rewire their metabolism during tumorigenesis. The high intracellular levels of lactate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during enhanced aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation respectively led to oxidative stress. The detoxification of these accumulating metabolites and the equilibrium between reduced and oxidized nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD(+)) are two prominent mechanisms regulating redox status and hence energy homeostasis in tumors. Targeting both processes may thus be selectively cytotoxic for cancer cells. In this context, the impact of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, a class of anticancer agents employed for the treatment of DNA repair deficient tumors, on energy homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration regulation has potential clinical implications. Here we provide an overview of the metabolic reprogramming occurring in cancer cells and discuss the translational perspectives of targeting tumor metabolism and redox balance for antineoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Michels
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Equipe 11, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75005, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Florine Obrist
- Equipe 11, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75005, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université de Paris Sud, Paris 11, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Castedo
- Equipe 11, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75005, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Equipe 11, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75005, France; Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75908, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Paris 75005, France.
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29
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Ramsay EE, Dilda PJ. Glutathione S-conjugates as prodrugs to target drug-resistant tumors. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:181. [PMID: 25157234 PMCID: PMC4127970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are continuously exposed to xenobiotics. The major phase of enzymatic detoxification in many species is the conjugation of activated xenobiotics to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST). It has been reported that some compounds, once transformed into glutathione S-conjugates, enter the mercapturic acid pathway whose end products are highly reactive and toxic for the cell responsible for their production. The cytotoxicity of these GSH conjugates depends essentially on GST and gamma-glutamyl transferases (γGT), the enzymes which initiate the mercapturic acid synthesis pathway. Numerous studies support the view that the expression of GST and γGT in cancer cells represents an important factor in the appearance of a more aggressive and resistant phenotype. High levels of tumor GST and γGT expression were employed to selectively target tumor with GST- or γGT-activated drugs. This strategy, explored over the last two decades, has recently been successful using GST-activated nitrogen mustard (TLK286) and γGT-activated arsenic-based (GSAO and Darinaparsin) prodrugs confirming the potential of GSH-conjugates as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Ramsay
- Tumour Metabolism Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierre J Dilda
- Tumour Metabolism Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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30
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Site-directed delivery of nitric oxide to cancers. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:8-16. [PMID: 25124221 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gaseous free radical which mediates numerous biological processes. At elevated levels, NO is found to be toxic to cancers and hence, a number of strategies for site-directed delivery of NO to cancers are in development during the past two decades. More recently, the focus of research has been to, in conjunction with other cancer drugs deliver NO to cancers for its secondary effects including inhibition of cellular drug efflux pumps. Among the various approaches toward site-selective delivery of exogenous NO sources, enzyme activated nitric oxide donors belonging to the diazeniumdiolate category afford unique advantages including exquisite control of rates of NO generation and selectivity of NO production. For this prodrug approach, enzymes including esterase, glutathione/glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, and nitroreductase are utilized. Here, we review the design and development of various approaches to enzymatic site-directed delivery of NO to cancers and their potential.
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31
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Stilbene induced inhibition of androgen receptor dimerization: implications for AR and ARΔLBD-signalling in human prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98566. [PMID: 24887556 PMCID: PMC4041728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is often characterized by an increase of C-terminally truncated, constitutively active androgen receptor (AR) variants. Due to the absence of a ligand binding domain located in the AR-C-terminus, these receptor variants (also termed ARΔLBD) are unable to respond to all classical forms of endocrine treatments like surgical/chemical castration and/or application of anti-androgens. Methodology In this study we tested the effects of the naturally occurring stilbene resveratrol (RSV) and (E)-4-(2, 6-Difluorostyryl)-N, N-dimethylaniline, a fluorinated dialkylaminostilbene (FIDAS) on AR- and ARΔLBD in prostate cancer cells. The ability of the compounds to modulate transcriptional activity of AR and the ARΔLBD-variant Q640X was shown by reporter gene assays. Expression of endogenous AR and ARΔLBD mRNA and protein levels were determined by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Nuclear translocation of AR-molecules was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. AR and ARΔLBD/Q640X homo-/heterodimer formation was assessed by mammalian two hybrid assays. Biological activity of both compounds in vivo was demonstrated using a chick chorioallantoic membrane xenograft assay. Results The stilbenes RSV and FIDAS were able to significantly diminish AR and Q640X-signalling. Successful inhibition of the Q640X suggests that RSV and FIDAS are not interfering with the AR-ligand binding domain like all currently available anti-hormonal drugs. Repression of AR and Q640X-signalling by RSV and FIDAS in prostate cancer cells was caused by an inhibition of the AR and/or Q640X-dimerization. Although systemic bioavailability of both stilbenes is very low, both compounds were also able to downregulate tumor growth and AR-signalling in vivo. Conclusion RSV and FIDAS are able to inhibit the dimerization of AR and ARΔLBD molecules suggesting that stilbenes might serve as lead compounds for a novel generation of AR-inhibitors.
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32
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Fu J, Liu L, Huang Z, Lai Y, Ji H, Peng S, Tian J, Zhang Y. Hybrid Molecule from O2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)diazeniumdiolate and Oleanolic Acid: A Glutathione S-Transferase π-Activated Nitric Oxide Prodrug with Selective Anti-Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity and Improved Stability. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4641-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400393u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology,
Medical
College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and
Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
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Fayyaz S, Farooqi AA. miRNA and TMPRSS2-ERG do not mind their own business in prostate cancer cells. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:315-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Ruzza P, Calderan A. Glutathione Transferase (GST)-Activated Prodrugs. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:220-31. [PMID: 24300447 PMCID: PMC3834953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase (formerly GST) catalyzes the inactivation of various electrophile-producing anticancer agents via conjugation to the tripeptide glutathione. Moreover, several data link the overexpression of some GSTs, in particular GSTP1-1, to both natural and acquired resistance to various structurally unrelated anticancer drugs. Tumor overexpression of these proteins has provided a rationale for the search of GST inhibitors and GST activated cytotoxic prodrugs. In the present review we discuss the current structural and pharmacological knowledge of GST-activated cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padova Unit, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
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35
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Sampson N, Neuwirt H, Puhr M, Klocker H, Eder IE. In vitro model systems to study androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:R49-64. [PMID: 23447570 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common causes of male cancer-related death in Western nations. The cellular response to androgens is mediated via the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-inducible transcription factor whose dysregulation plays a key role during PCa development and progression following androgen deprivation therapy, the current mainstay systemic treatment for advanced PCa. Thus, a better understanding of AR signaling and new strategies to abrogate AR activity are essential for improved therapeutic intervention. Consequently, a large number of experimental cell culture models have been established to facilitate in vitro investigations into the role of AR signaling in PCa development and progression. These different model systems mimic distinct stages of this heterogeneous disease and exhibit differences with respect to AR expression/status and androgen responsiveness. Technological advances have facilitated the development of in vitro systems that more closely reflect the physiological setting, for example via the use of three-dimensional coculture to study the interaction of prostate epithelial cells with the stroma, endothelium, immune system and tissue matrix environment. This review provides an overview of the most commonly used in vitro cell models currently available to study AR signaling with particular focus on their use in addressing key questions relating to the development and progression of PCa. It is hoped that the continued development of in vitro models will provide more biologically relevant platforms for mechanistic studies, drug discovery and design ensuring a more rapid transfer of knowledge from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sampson
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Burke AJ, Sullivan FJ, Giles FJ, Glynn SA. The yin and yang of nitric oxide in cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:503-12. [PMID: 23354310 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, pleiotropic molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. Presently, there are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding NO and its role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. NO has been shown to have dichotomous effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and many other important processes in cancer biology. It has been shown to be both pro- and antitumorigenic, depending on the concentration and the tumor microenvironment in question. NO is generated by three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) that are widely expressed and sometimes upregulated in human tumors. Due to its vast array of physiological functions, it presents a huge challenge to researchers to discover its true potential in cancer biology and consequently, its use in anticancer therapies. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on NO modulation as an anticancer therapy, focusing on NO-donating drugs and NOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Burke
- Prostate Cancer Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Dublin, Ireland.
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