1
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Guo X, Song J, Liu M, Ou X, Guo Y. The interplay between the tumor microenvironment and tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer development and therapeutic response. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2356831. [PMID: 38767879 PMCID: PMC11110713 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2356831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in tumor cell survival by profoundly influencing their proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles released by all cell types and often reflect the state of their parental cells and modulate other cells' functions through the various cargo they transport. Tumor-derived small EVs (TDSEVs) can transport specific proteins, nucleic acids and lipids tailored to propagate tumor signals and establish a favorable TME. Thus, the TME's biological characteristics can affect TDSEV heterogeneity, and this interplay can amplify tumor growth, dissemination, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the interplay between TME and TDSEVs based on their biological characteristics and summarizes strategies for targeting cancer cells. Additionally, it reviews the current issues and challenges in this field to offer fresh insights into comprehending tumor development mechanisms and exploring innovative clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ou
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Yongcan Guo
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
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2
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Liu C, Li Q, Ma JX, Lu B, Criswell T, Zhang Y. Exosome-mediated renal protection: Halting the progression of fibrosis. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101117. [PMID: 39263535 PMCID: PMC11388648 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a complex and multifactorial process that involves inflammation, cell proliferation, collagen, and fibronectin deposition in the kidney, ultimately leading to chronic kidney disease and even end-stage renal disease. The main goal of treatment is to slow down or halt the progression of fibrosis and to improve or preserve kidney function. Despite significant progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis, current therapies have limited renal protection as the disease progresses. Exosomes derived from stem cells are a newer area of research for the treatment of renal fibrosis. Exosomes as nano-sized extracellular vesicles carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can be taken up by local or distant cells, serving as mediators of intercellular communication and as drug delivery vehicles. Exosomes deliver molecules that reduce inflammation, renal fibrosis and extracellular matrix protein production, and promote tissue regeneration in animal models of kidney disease. Additionally, they have several advantages over stem cells, such as being non-immunogenic, having low risk of tumor formation, and being easier to produce and store. This review describes the use of natural and engineered exosomes containing therapeutic agents capable of mediating anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic processes during both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Exosome-based therapies will be compared with stem cell-based treatments for tissue regeneration, with a focus on renal protection. Finally, future directions and strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Baisong Lu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
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3
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Sadique Hussain M, Gupta G, Ghaboura N, Moglad E, Hassan Almalki W, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Ali H, MacLoughlin R, Loebenberg R, Davies N, Kumar Singh S, Dua K. Exosomal ncRNAs in liquid biopsies for lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 565:119983. [PMID: 39368685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become essential contributors to advancing and treating lung cancers (LCs). The development of liquid biopsies that utilize exosomal ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) offers an encouraging method for diagnosing, predicting, and treating LC. This thorough overview examines the dual function of exo-ncRNAs as both indicators for early diagnosis and avenues for LC treatment. Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by various cells, including cancerous cells, enabling connection between cells by delivering ncRNAs. These ncRNAs, which encompass circular RNAs, long ncRNAs, and microRNAs, participate in the modulation of gene expression and cellular functions. In LC, certain exo-ncRNAs are linked to tumour advancement, spread, and treatment resistance, positioning them as promising non-invasive indicators in liquid biopsies. Additionally, targeting these ncRNAs offers potential for innovative treatment approaches, whether by suppressing harmful ncRNAs or reinstating the activity of tumour-suppressing ones. This review emphasizes recent developments in the extraction and analysis of exo-ncRNAs, their practical applications in LC treatment, and the challenges and prospects for translating these discoveries into clinical usage. Through this detailed examination of the current state of the art, we aim to highlight the significant potential of exo-ncRNAs for LC diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Division of Translational Health Research, Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G2N8, Canada
| | - Neal Davies
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G2N8, Canada
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box: 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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4
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Bugajova M, Raudenska M, Masarik M, Kalfert D, Betka J, Balvan J. RNAs in tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and their significance in the tumour microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1147-1161. [PMID: 38845351 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by various types of cells serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication within the complex tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDEs) are massively produced and released by tumour cells, recapitulating the specificity of their cell of origin. TDEs encapsulate a variety of RNA species, especially messenger RNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, which release to the TME plays multifaced roles in cancer progression through mediating cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. sEVs act as natural delivery vehicles of RNAs and can serve as useful targets for cancer therapy. This review article provides an overview of recent studies on TDEs and their RNA cargo, with emphasis on the role of these RNAs in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bugajova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - David Kalfert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Betka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Peng B, Bartkowiak K, Song F, Nissen P, Schlüter H, Siebels B. Hypoxia-Induced Adaptations of N-Glycomes and Proteomes in Breast Cancer Cells and Their Secreted Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10216. [PMID: 39337702 PMCID: PMC11432262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic tumor microenvironment significantly impacts cellular behavior and intercellular communication, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) playing a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis, metastasis, and host immunosuppression, and presumed cancer progression and metastasis are closely associated with the aberrant surface N-glycan expression in EVs. We hypothesize that hypoxic tumors synthesize specific hypoxia-induced N-glycans in response to or as a consequence of hypoxia. This study utilized nano-LC-MS/MS to integrate quantitative proteomic and N-glycomic analyses of both cells and EVs derived from the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Whole N-glycome and proteome profiling revealed that hypoxia has an impact on the asparagine N-linked glycosylation patterns and on the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis proteins in cells in terms of altered N-glycosylation for their adaptation to low-oxygen conditions. Distinct N-glycan types, high-mannose glycans like Man3 and Man9, were highly abundant in the hypoxic cells. On the other hand, alterations in the sialylation and fucosylation patterns were observed in the hypoxic cells. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced EVs exhibit a signature consisting of mono-antennary structures and specific N-glycans (H4N3F1S2, H3N3F1S0, and H7N4F3S2; H8N4F1S0 and H8N6F1S2), which are significantly associated with poor prognoses for breast tumors, presumably altering the interactions within the tumor microenvironment to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our findings provide an overview of the N-glycan profiles, particularly under hypoxic conditions, and offer insights into the potential biomarkers for tracking tumor microenvironment dynamics and for developing precision medicine approaches in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojia Peng
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.P.); (P.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Kai Bartkowiak
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Feizhi Song
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Paula Nissen
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.P.); (P.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.P.); (P.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Bente Siebels
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.P.); (P.N.); (B.S.)
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6
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Bhavsar V, Sahu A, Taware R. Stress-induced extracellular vesicles: insight into their altered proteomic composition and probable physiological role in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05121-x. [PMID: 39302488 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
EVs (extracellular vesicles) are phospholipid bilayer vesicles that can be released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in normal as well as altered physiological conditions. These vesicles also termed as signalosomes, possess a distinctive cargo comprising nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, enabling them to play a pivotal role in both local and long-distance intercellular communication. The composition, origin, and release of EVs can be influenced by different physiological conditions and a variety of stress factors, consequently affecting the contents carried within these vesicles. Therefore, identifying the modified contents of EVs can provide valuable insights into their functional role in stress-triggered communication. Particularly, this is important when EVs released from tumor microenvironment are investigated for their role in the development and dissemination of cancer. This review article emphasizes the importance of differential EV shedding and altered proteomic content in response to reduced oxygen concentration, altered levels of glucose and glutamine, pH variations, oxidative stress and Ca2+ ion concertation and it is subsequent effects on the behavior of recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Bhavsar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ashish Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ravindra Taware
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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7
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Ubanako P, Mirza S, Ruff P, Penny C. Exosome-mediated delivery of siRNA molecules in cancer therapy: triumphs and challenges. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1447953. [PMID: 39355533 PMCID: PMC11442288 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1447953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel and innovative therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment and management remains a major global challenge. Exosomes are endogenous nanoscale extracellular vesicles that have garnered increasing attention as innovative vehicles for advanced drug delivery and targeted therapy. The attractive physicochemical and biological properties of exosomes, including increased permeability, biocompatibility, extended half-life in circulation, reduced toxicity and immunogenicity, and multiple functionalization strategies, have made them preferred drug delivery vehicles in cancer and other diseases. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are remarkably able to target any known gene: an attribute harnessed to knock down cancer-associated genes as a viable strategy in cancer management. Extensive research on exosome-mediated delivery of siRNAs for targeting diverse types of cancer has yielded promising results for anticancer therapy, with some formulations progressing through clinical trials. This review catalogs recent advances in exosome-mediated siRNA delivery in several types of cancer, including the manifold benefits and minimal drawbacks of such innovative delivery systems. Additionally, we have highlighted the potential of plant-derived exosomes as innovative drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, offering numerous advantages such as biocompatibility, scalability, and reduced toxicity compared to traditional methods. These exosomes, with their unique characteristics and potential for effective siRNA delivery, represent a significant advancement in nanomedicine and cancer therapeutics. Further exploration of their manufacturing processes and biological mechanisms could significantly advance natural medicine and enhance the efficacy of exosome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philemon Ubanako
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Ruff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Tam S, Wear D, Morrone CD, Yu WH. The complexity of extracellular vesicles: Bridging the gap between cellular communication and neuropathology. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2391-2422. [PMID: 38650384 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and contributing to pathology in health and disease. This review establishes a crucial link between physiological processes leading to EV biogenesis and their impacts on disease. EVs are involved in the clearance and transport of proteins and nucleic acids, responding to changes in cellular processes associated with neurodegeneration, including autophagic disruption, organellar dysfunction, aging, and other cell stresses. In neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.), EVs contribute to the spread of pathological proteins like amyloid β, tau, ɑ-synuclein, prions, and TDP-43, exacerbating neurodegeneration and accelerating disease progression. Despite evidence for both neuropathological and neuroprotective effects of EVs, the mechanistic switch between their physiological and pathological functions remains elusive, warranting further research into their involvement in neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, owing to their innate ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and their ubiquitous nature, EVs emerge as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review uniquely positions itself at the intersection of EV cell biology, neurophysiology, and neuropathology, offering insights into the diverse biological roles of EVs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tam
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darcy Wear
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher D Morrone
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Ripoll-Viladomiu I, Prina-Mello A, Movia D, Marignol L. Extracellular vesicles and the "six Rs" in radiotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102799. [PMID: 38970839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Over half of patients with cancer receive radiation therapy during the course of their disease. Decades of radiobiological research have identified 6 parameters affecting the biological response to radiation referred to as the 6 "Rs": Repair, Radiosensitivity, Repopulation, Redistribution, Reoxygenation, and Reactivation of the anti-tumour immune response. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles whose multiple biological functions are increasingly documented. Here we discuss the evidence for a role of EVs in the orchestration of the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy. We highlight that EVs are involved in DNA repair mechanisms, modulation of cellular sensitivity to radiation, and facilitation of tumour repopulation. Moreover, EVs influence tumour reoxygenation dynamics, and play a pivotal role in fostering radioresistance. Last, we examine how EV-related strategies could be translated into novel strategies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ripoll-Viladomiu
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Biology and Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Callan Building, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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Yu T, Wang J, Zhou Y, Ma C, Bai R, Huang C, Wang S, Liu K, Han B. Harnessing Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Scaffolds for Bone‐Related Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202402861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis and are extensively explored for cell therapy in various bone‐related diseases. In addition to direct cell therapy, the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by MSCs has emerged as a promising alternative approach. MSC‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) offer equivalent therapeutic efficacy to MSCs while mitigating potential risks. These EVs possess unique properties that enable them to traverse biological barriers and deliver bioactive cargos to target cells. Furthermore, by employing modification and engineering strategies, the therapeutic effects and tissue targeting specificity of MSC‐EVs can be further enhanced to meet specific therapeutic needs. In this review, the mechanisms and advantages of MSC‐EV therapy in diseased bone tissues are highlighted. Through simple isolation and modification techniques, MSC‐EV‐based biomaterials have demonstrated great promise for bone regeneration. Finally, future perspectives on MSC‐EV therapy are presented, envisioning the development of next‐generation regenerative materials and bioactive agents for clinical translation in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics Cranial‐Facial Growth and Development Center Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Department of Orthodontics Cranial‐Facial Growth and Development Center Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Yusai Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Rushui Bai
- Department of Orthodontics Cranial‐Facial Growth and Development Center Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Orthodontics Cranial‐Facial Growth and Development Center Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center Peking University People's Hospital No.11 Xizhimen South St. Beijing 100044 P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics Cranial‐Facial Growth and Development Center Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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11
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Zhang TQ, Lv QY, Jin WL. The cellular-centered view of hypoxia tumor microenvironment: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189137. [PMID: 38880161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a profoundly dynamic, heterogeneous and aggressive systemic ailment, with a coordinated evolution of various types of tumor niches. Hypoxia plays an indispensable role in the tumor micro-ecosystem, drastically enhancing the plasticity of cancer cells, fibroblasts and immune cells and orchestrating intercellular communication. Hypoxia-induced signals, particularly hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), drive the reprogramming of genetic, transcriptional, and proteomic profiles. This leads to a spectrum of interconnected processes, including augmented survival of cancer cells, evasion of immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and the development of resistance to conventional therapeutic modalities like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Here, we summarize the latest research on the multifaceted effects of hypoxia, where a multitude of cellular and non-cellular elements crosstalk with each other and co-evolve in a synergistic manner. Additionally, we investigate therapeutic approaches targeting hypoxic niche, encompassing hypoxia-activated prodrugs, HIF inhibitors, nanomedicines, and combination therapies. Finally, we discuss some of the issues to be addressed and highlight the potential of emerging technologies in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qian-Yu Lv
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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12
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Capatina AL, Malcolm JR, Stenning J, Moore RL, Bridge KS, Brackenbury WJ, Holding AN. Hypoxia-induced epigenetic regulation of breast cancer progression and the tumour microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1421629. [PMID: 39282472 PMCID: PMC11392762 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1421629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The events that control breast cancer progression and metastasis are complex and intertwined. Hypoxia plays a key role both in oncogenic transformation and in fueling the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Here we review the impact of hypoxia on epigenetic regulation of breast cancer, by interfering with multiple aspects of the tumour microenvironment. The co-dependent relationship between oxygen depletion and metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis impacts on a range of enzymes and metabolites available in the cell, promoting posttranslational modifications of histones and chromatin, and changing the gene expression landscape to facilitate tumour development. Hormone signalling, particularly through ERα, is also tightly regulated by hypoxic exposure, with HIF-1α expression being a prognostic marker for therapeutic resistance in ER+ breast cancers. This highlights the strong need to understand the hypoxia-endocrine signalling axis and exploit it as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, hypoxia has been shown to enhance metastasis in TNBC cells, as well as promoting resistance to taxanes, radiotherapy and even immunotherapy through microRNA regulation and changes in histone packaging. Finally, several other mediators of the hypoxic response are discussed. We highlight a link between ionic dysregulation and hypoxia signalling, indicating a potential connection between HIF-1α and tumoural Na+ accumulation which would be worth further exploration; we present the role of Ca2+ in mediating hypoxic adaptation via chromatin remodelling, transcription factor recruitment and changes in signalling pathways; and we briefly summarise some of the findings regarding vesicle secretion and paracrine induced epigenetic reprogramming upon hypoxic exposure in breast cancer. By summarising these observations, this article highlights the heterogeneity of breast cancers, presenting a series of pathways with potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodie R Malcolm
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Stenning
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael L Moore
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine S Bridge
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Holding
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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13
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Johnston J, Jeon H, Choi YY, Kim G, Shi T, Khong C, Chang HC, Myung NV, Wang Y. Stimulative piezoelectric nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced small extracellular vesicle production in 3D cultures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589114. [PMID: 38659930 PMCID: PMC11042190 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have great promise as effective carriers for drug delivery. However, the challenges associated with the efficient production of sEVs hinder their clinical applications. Herein, we report a stimulative 3D culture platform for enhanced sEV production. The proposed platform consists of a piezoelectric nanofibrous scaffold (PES) coupled with acoustic stimulation to enhance sEV production of cells in a 3D biomimetic microenvironment. Combining cell stimulation with a 3D culture platform in this stimulative PES enables a 15.7-fold increase in the production rate per cell with minimal deviations in particle size and protein composition compared with standard 2D cultures. We find that the enhanced sEV production is attributable to the activation and upregulation of crucial sEV production steps through the synergistic effect of stimulation and the 3D microenvironment. Moreover, changes in cell morphology lead to cytoskeleton redistribution through cell-matrix interactions in the 3D cultures. This in turn facilitates intracellular EV trafficking, which impacts the production rate. Overall, our work provides a promising 3D cell culture platform based on piezoelectric biomaterials for enhanced sEV production. This platform is expected to accelerate the potential use of sEVs for drug delivery and broad biomedical applications.
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14
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Wang C, Xu S, Yang X. Hypoxia-Driven Changes in Tumor Microenvironment: Insights into Exosome-Mediated Cell Interactions. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8211-8236. [PMID: 39157736 PMCID: PMC11328847 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s479533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, as a prominent feature of the tumor microenvironment, has a profound impact on the multicomponent changes within this environment. Under hypoxic conditions, the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, the variety of cell types within the tumor microenvironment, as well as intercellular communication and material exchange, undergo complex alterations. These changes provide significant prospects for exploring the mechanisms of tumor development under different microenvironmental conditions and for devising therapeutic strategies. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells and stromal cells are integral components of the tumor microenvironment, serving as crucial mediators of intercellular communication and material exchange, and have consequently garnered increasing attention from researchers. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which hypoxic conditions promote the release of exosomes by tumor cells and alter their encapsulated contents. It also examines the effects of exosomes derived from tumor cells, immune cells, and other cell types under hypoxic conditions on the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize current research progress on the potential clinical applications of exosomes under hypoxic conditions and propose future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churan Wang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Wang Q, Guo W, Niu L, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Chen J, Ma J, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Wang B, Zhang Z, Li C, Jian Z. 3D-hUMSCs Exosomes Ameliorate Vitiligo by Simultaneously Potentiating Treg Cells-Mediated Immunosuppression and Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Induced Melanocyte Damage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404064. [PMID: 38887870 PMCID: PMC11336971 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by epidermal melanocyte destruction, with abnormal autoimmune responses and excessive oxidative stress as two cardinal mechanisms. Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (hUMSCs-Exos) are regarded as promising therapeutic choice for autoimmune diseases due to potent immunosuppressive and anti-oxidative properties, which can be potentiated under 3D cell culture condition. Nevertheless, whether exosomes derived from 3D spheroids of hUMSCs (3D-Exos) exhibit considerable therapeutic effect on vitiligo and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, systemic administration of 3D-Exos showed a remarkable effect in treating mice with vitiligo, as revealed by ameliorated skin depigmentation, less CD8+T cells infiltration, and expanded Treg cells in skin, and 3D-Exos exerted a better effect than 2D-Exos. Mechanistically, 3D-Exos can prominently facilitate the expansion of Treg cells in vitiligo lesion and suppress H2O2-induced melanocytes apoptosis. Forward miRNA profile analysis and molecular experiments have demonstrated that miR-132-3p and miR-125b-5p enriched in 3D-Exos greatly contributed to these biological effects by targeting Sirt1 and Bak1 respectively. In aggregate, 3D-Exos can efficiently ameliorate vitiligo by simultaneously potentiating Treg cells-mediated immunosuppression and suppressing oxidative stress-induced melanocyte damage via the delivery of miR-132-3p and miR-125b-5p. The employment of 3D-Exos will be a promising treament for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Liaoran Niu
- Department of Digestive SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zeqian Wang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zhaoting Jiang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
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16
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Lin G, Pan W, He Y, Yi X, Zhou P, Lu J. Opportunities and Perspectives for Three Dimensional Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:462-476. [PMID: 38265004 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in intercellular communication through surface proteins and the delivery of internal cargo. The exosomes have gained attention for their potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic agents. The therapeutic ability of exosomes has been verified by copious previous studies. Effective methods for extensive clinical applications are being researched for exosome-based regenerative therapies, including the application of 3D cultures to enhance exosome production and secretion, which can resolve limited exosome secretion from the parent cells. Cell culture has emerged as a crucial approach for biomedical research because of its many benefits. Both well-established continuous cell lines and primary cell cultures continue to be invaluable for basic research and clinical application. Previous studies have shown that three-dimensional cultured exosomes (3D-Exo) improve therapeutic properties and yields compared with traditional culture systems. Since the majority of studies have focused on exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo), this review will also concentrate on MSC-Exo. In this review, we will summarize the advantages of 3D-Exo and introduce the 3D culture system and methods of exosome isolation, providing scientific strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Lin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wennuo Pan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinde He
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Ren J, Jin Z, Huang Y. Exosomal miR-106a-5p derived from intermittently hypoxic non-small-cell lung cancer increases tumor malignancy. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16157. [PMID: 39085755 PMCID: PMC11291016 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is related to tumorigenesis and progression. We explored the possible mechanisms by which OSA may promote the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, NSCLC cells with and without miR-106a-5p inhibition were exposed to IH or room air (RA), and subsequently, exosomes were extracted and identified. Macrophages were incubated with these exosomes to detect the expression of the STAT3 signaling pathway and M2-type macrophage markers, as well as the effect of the macrophages on the malignancy of NSCLC cells. A nude mouse tumorigenesis model was constructed to detect the effects of exosomal miR-106a-5p on M2 macrophage polarization and NSCLC cell malignancy. Our results showed that IH exosomes promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages, thereby promoting the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Further, Based on microarray analysis of RA and IH exosomes, we discovered that miR-106a-5p, transferred to the macrophages through exosomes, participated in this mechanism by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via down-regulating PTEN and activating the STAT3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. For patients with NSCLC and OSA, exosomal miR-106a-5p levels showed a positive relation to AHI. Exosomal miR-106a-5p represents a potential therapeutic target among patients with concomitant cancer and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhuan Jin
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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18
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Ren B, Li X, Zhang Z, Tai S, Yu S. Exosomes: a significant medium for regulating drug resistance through cargo delivery. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1379822. [PMID: 39135913 PMCID: PMC11317298 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1379822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid nanovesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm. They are present in all body fluids and are actively secreted by the majority of cells through the process of exocytosis. Exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication and act as significant molecular carriers in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as the emergence of drug resistance in tumors. Tumor-associated exosomes transfer drug resistance to other tumor cells by releasing substances such as multidrug resistance proteins and miRNAs through exosomes. These substances change the cell phenotype, making it resistant to drugs. Tumor-associated exosomes also play a role in impacting drug resistance in other cells, like immune cells and stromal cells. Exosomes alter the behavior and function of these cells to help tumor cells evade immune surveillance and form a tumor niche. In addition, exosomes also export substances such as tumoricidal drugs and neutralizing antibody drugs to help tumor cells resist drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of exosomes in promoting drug resistance by delivering cargo in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixuan Ren
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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19
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Patel U, Susman D, Allan AL. Quality control and validation of extracellular vesicles isolated from cultured human breast cancer cells. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:202. [PMID: 39044286 PMCID: PMC11265473 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play a critical role in promoting tumorigenesis. As EV research grows, it is of importance to have standardization of isolation, quality control, characterization and validation methods across studies along with reliable references to explore troubleshooting solutions. Therefore, our objective with this Research Note was to isolate EVs from multiple breast cancer cell lines and to describe and perform protocols for validation as outlined by the list of minimal information for studies of EVs (MISEV) from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. RESULTS To isolate EVs, two techniques were employed: ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. Ultracentrifugation yielded better recovery of EVs in our hands and was therefore used for further validation. In order to satisfy the MISEV requirements, protein quantification, immunoblotting of positive (CD9, CD63, TSG101) and negative (TGFβ1, β-tubulin) markers, nanoflow cytometry and electron microscopy was performed. With these experiments, we demonstrate that yield of validated EVs varied between different breast cancer cell lines. Protocols were optimized to accommodate for low levels of EVs, and various technical and troubleshooting suggestions are included for potential application to other cell types that may provide benefit to investigators interested in future EV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - David Susman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
- Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
- London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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20
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Sousa GC, Carvalho MG, Fonseca-Alves CE, Souza FF. Serum Extracellular Vesicles Cargo Approach in Bitches with Mammary Tumors. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7745-7768. [PMID: 39057100 PMCID: PMC11275879 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bitches with mammary neoplasms, in order to understand their size, shape, and concentration, as well as their association with tumor malignancy. Thirty bitches were categorized into control (n = 10), mammary tumor grades I and II (GI, n = 13), and grade III (GII, n = 7). Serum was separated from blood collected during mastectomy, and EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography. The analysis revealed no significant differences in EV concentrations among groups, with similar concentrations for control, GI, and GII. Ninety-one proteins were identified in EV-enriched samples, with six showing varied abundance across groups. Notably, keratin 18 was highly abundant in GI, while sushi domain-containing protein, EvC ciliary subunit 2, and the joining chain of multimeric IgM and IgA were increased in GII. Additionally, protocadherin 17 and albumin were upregulated in both GI and GII. ROC curves identified potential biomarkers for differentiating tumor grades. Enrichment pathway analysis revealed AFP gene upregulation in the GI. Mass spectrometry proteomics data were deposited in Mendeley Data. The study provides valuable insights into serum EV characterization in bitches, suggesting keratin 18 and protocadherin 17 as potential biomarkers for canine mammary neoplasia, with implications for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C. Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.S.); (M.G.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marcos G. Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.S.); (M.G.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
| | - Carlos E. Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.S.); (M.G.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
| | - Fabiana F. Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.C.S.); (M.G.C.); (C.E.F.-A.)
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21
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Charbit H, Lavon I. Investigating Expression Dynamics of miR-21 and miR-10b in Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro: Insights into Responses to Hypoxia and Secretion Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7984. [PMID: 39063226 PMCID: PMC11277016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma poses significant challenges in oncology, with bevacizumab showing promise as an antiangiogenic treatment but with limited efficacy. microRNAs (miRNAs) 10b and 21 have emerged as potential biomarkers for bevacizumab response in glioblastoma patients. This study delves into the expression dynamics of miR-21 and miR-10b in response to hypoxia and explores their circulation mechanisms. In vitro experiments exposed glioma cells (A172, U87MG, U251) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen) for 24 h, revealing heightened levels of miR-10b and miR-21 in glioblastoma cells. Manipulating miR-10b expression in U87MG, demonstrating a significant decrease in VEGF alpha (VEGFA) following miR-10b overexpression under hypoxic conditions. Size exclusion chromatography illustrated a notable shift towards miR-21 and miR-10b exosomal packaging during hypoxia. A proposed model suggests that effective bevacizumab treatment reduces VEGFA levels, heightening hypoxia and subsequently upregulating miR-21 and miR-10b expression. These miRNAs, released via exosomes, might impact various cellular processes, with miR-10b notably contributing to VEGFA level reduction. However, post-treatment increases in miR-10b and miR-21 could potentially restore cells to normoxic conditions through the downregulation of VEGF. This study highlights the intricate feedback loop involving miR-10b, miR-21, and VEGFA in glioblastoma treatment, underscoring the necessity for personalized therapeutic strategies. Further research should explore clinical implications for personalized glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Lavon
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
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22
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Peppicelli S, Calorini L, Bianchini F, Papucci L, Magnelli L, Andreucci E. Acidity and hypoxia of tumor microenvironment, a positive interplay in extracellular vesicle release by tumor cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z. [PMID: 39023664 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and continuously evolving features of the tumor microenvironment, varying between tumor histotypes, are characterized by the presence of host cells and tumor cells embedded in a milieu shaped by hypoxia and low pH, resulting from the frequent imbalance between vascularity and tumor cell proliferation. These microenvironmental metabolic stressors play a crucial role in remodeling host cells and tumor cells, contributing to the stimulation of cancer cell heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and multidrug resistance, ultimately leading to progression and metastasis. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed structures released into the extracellular milieu by tumor/host cells, are now recognized as critical drivers in the complex intercellular communication between tumor cells and the local cellular components in a hypoxic/acidic microenvironment. Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the interactions between tumor and host cells within a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, triggered by the release of EVs, could pave the way for innovative strategies to disrupt the complex interplay of cancer cells with their microenvironment. This approach may contribute to the development of an efficient and safe therapeutic strategy to combat cancer progression. Therefore, we review the major findings on the release of EVs in a hypoxic/acidic tumor microenvironment to appreciate their role in tumor progression toward metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy.
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Elena Andreucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
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23
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Rai A, Claridge B, Lozano J, Greening DW. The Discovery of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emergence as a Next-Generation Therapy. Circ Res 2024; 135:198-221. [PMID: 38900854 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
From their humble discovery as cellular debris to cementing their natural capacity to transfer functional molecules between cells, the long-winded journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) now stands at the precipice as a next-generation cell-free therapeutic tool to revolutionize modern-day medicine. This perspective provides a snapshot of the discovery of EVs to their emergence as a vibrant field of biology and the renaissance they usher in the field of biomedical sciences as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular pathologies. Rapid development of bioengineered EVs is providing innovative opportunities to overcome biological challenges of natural EVs such as potency, cargo loading and enhanced secretion, targeting and circulation half-life, localized and sustained delivery strategies, approaches to enhance systemic circulation, uptake and lysosomal escape, and logistical hurdles encompassing scalability, cost, and time. A multidisciplinary collaboration beyond the field of biology now extends to chemistry, physics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, allowing rapid development of designer therapeutic EVs that are now entering late-stage human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
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24
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Zhao G, Wang Y, Fan Z, Xiong J, Ertas YN, Ashammakhi N, Wang J, Ma T. Nanomaterials in crossroad of autophagy control in human cancers: Amplification of cell death mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216860. [PMID: 38583650 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the result of genetic abnormalities that cause normal cells to grow into neoplastic cells. Cancer is characterized by several distinct features, such as uncontrolled cell growth, extensive spreading to other parts of the body, and the ability to resist treatment. The scientists have stressed the development of nanostructures as novel therapeutic options in suppressing cancer, in response to the emergence of resistance to standard medicines. One of the specific mechanisms with dysregulation during cancer is autophagy. Nanomaterials have the ability to specifically carry medications and genes, and they can also enhance the responsiveness of tumor cells to standard therapy while promoting drug sensitivity. The primary mechanism in this process relies on autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes to break down the components of the cytoplasm. While autophagy was initially described as a form of cellular demise, it has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in controlling metastasis, proliferation, and treatment resistance in human malignancies. The pharmacokinetic profile of autophagy modulators is poor, despite their development for use in cancer therapy. Consequently, nanoparticles have been developed for the purpose of delivering medications and autophagy modulators selectively and specifically to the cancer process. Furthermore, several categories of nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to regulate autophagy, which plays a crucial role in defining the biological characteristics and response to therapy of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhongru Fan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 39039, Türkiye.
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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25
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Wu Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Lai X, Zhang S, Wang S. Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:15. [PMID: 38802766 PMCID: PMC11129508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. Exosomes can be derived from cancer cells as well as cellular components in tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range of bioactive cargos can be ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released cargos act through a variety of mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and capability of being easily engineered or modified, exosomes are currently exploited as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of roles of exosomes in risk and etiology, initiation and progression of cancer, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. The aptamer-modified exosome as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss the future directions for emerging roles of exosome in tumor biology and perspective of aptamer-modified exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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27
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Abdul-Rahman T, Roy P, Herrera-Calderón RE, Khidri FF, Omotesho QA, Rumide TS, Fatima M, Roy S, Wireko AA, Atallah O, Roy S, Amekpor F, Ghosh S, Agyigra IA, Horbas V, Teslyk T, Bumeister V, Papadakis M, Alexiou A. Extracellular vesicle-mediated drug delivery in breast cancer theranostics. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38780753 PMCID: PMC11116322 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) continues to be a significant global challenge due to drug resistance and severe side effects. The increasing prevalence is alarming, requiring new therapeutic approaches to address these challenges. At this point, Extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically small endosome-released nanometer-sized EVs (SEVs) or exosomes, have been explored by literature as potential theranostics. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of exosomes in BC, focusing on their advantages in drug delivery and their ability to mitigate metastasis. Following the review, we identified exosomes' potential in combination therapies, serving as miRNA carriers and contributing to improved anti-tumor effects. This is evident in clinical trials investigating exosomes in BC, which have shown their ability to boost chemotherapy efficacy by delivering drugs like paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX). However, the translation of EVs into BC therapy is hindered by various challenges. These challenges include the heterogeneity of EVs, the selection of the appropriate parent cell, the loading procedures, and determining the optimal administration routes. Despite the promising therapeutic potential of EVs, these obstacles must be addressed to realize their benefits in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poulami Roy
- Department of Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, India
| | - Ranferi Eduardo Herrera-Calderón
- Center for Research in Health Sciences (CICSA), Faculty of Medicine, Anahuac University North Campus, 52786, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Sakshi Roy
- School of Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Subham Roy
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Felix Amekpor
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Shankhaneel Ghosh
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India.
- Department of Research and Development, Funogen, 11741, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Research and Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia.
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28
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Javed A, Kong N, Mathesh M, Duan W, Yang W. Nanoarchitectonics-based electrochemical aptasensors for highly efficient exosome detection. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2345041. [PMID: 38742153 PMCID: PMC11089931 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2345041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles, have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to provide valuable insights into the pathophysiological microenvironment of the cells from which they originate. This characteristic implicates their potential use as diagnostic disease biomarkers clinically, including cancer, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Aptasensors, which are electrochemical aptamers based biosensing devices, have emerged as a new class of powerful detection technology to conventional methods like ELISA and Western analysis, primarily because of their capability for high-performance bioanalysis. This review covers the current research landscape on the detection of exosomes utilizing nanoarchitectonics strategy for the development of electrochemical aptasensors. Strategies involving signal amplification and biofouling prevention are discussed, with an emphasis on nanoarchitectonics-based bio-interfaces, showcasing their potential to enhance sensitivity and selectivity through optimal conduction and mass transport properties. The ongoing challenges to broaden the clinical applications of these biosensors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Javed
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Na Kong
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Motilal Mathesh
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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29
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Ten A, Kumeiko V, Farniev V, Gao H, Shevtsov M. Tumor Microenvironment Modulation by Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2024; 13:682. [PMID: 38667297 PMCID: PMC11049026 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the process of tumorigenesis, regulating the growth, metabolism, proliferation, and invasion of cancer cells, as well as contributing to tumor resistance to the conventional chemoradiotherapies. Several types of cells with relatively stable phenotypes have been identified within the TME, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells, which have been shown to modulate cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and interaction with the immune system, thus promoting tumor heterogeneity. Growing evidence suggests that tumor-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), via the transfer of various molecules (e.g., RNA, proteins, peptides, and lipids), play a pivotal role in the transformation of normal cells in the TME into their tumor-associated protumorigenic counterparts. This review article focuses on the functions of EVs in the modulation of the TME with a view to how exosomes contribute to the transformation of normal cells, as well as their importance for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Ten
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladislav Farniev
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Str., 2, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str., 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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30
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Wang Y, Wen J, Lu T, Han W, Jiao K, Li H. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone-Related Diseases: Intercellular Communication Messengers and Therapeutic Engineering Protagonists. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3233-3257. [PMID: 38601346 PMCID: PMC11005933 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s441467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can deliver various bioactive molecules among cells, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives in diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have shown therapeutic potential similar to MSCs but with drawbacks such as lower yield, reduced biological activities, off-target effects, and shorter half-lives. Improving strategies utilizing biotechniques to pretreat MSCs and enhance the properties of released EVs, as well as modifying MSC-EVs to enhance targeting abilities and achieve controlled release, shows potential for overcoming application limitations and enhancing therapeutic effects in treating bone-related diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in functionalizing MSC-EVs to treat bone-related diseases. Firstly, we underscore the significance of MSC-EVs in facilitating crosstalk between cells within the skeletal environment. Secondly, we highlight strategies of functional-modified EVs for treating bone-related diseases. We explore the pretreatment of stem cells using various biotechniques to enhance the properties of resulting EVs, as well as diverse approaches to modify MSC-EVs for targeted delivery and controlled release. Finally, we address the challenges and opportunities for further research on MSC-EVs in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Dellar ER, Hill C, Carter DRF, Baena‐Lopez LA. Oxidative stress-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e150. [PMID: 38938847 PMCID: PMC11080704 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to play dual roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning both to remove unwanted intracellular molecules, and to enable communication between cells as a means of modulating cellular responses in different physiological and pathological scenarios. EVs contain a broad range of cargoes, including multiple biotypes of RNA, which can vary depending on the cell status, and may function as signalling molecules. In this study, we carried out comparative transcriptomic analysis of Drosophila EVs and cells, demonstrating that the RNA profile of EVs is distinct from cells and shows dose-dependent changes in response to oxidative stress. We identified a high abundance of snoRNAs in EVs, alongside an enrichment of intronic and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs under stress. We also observed an increase in the relative abundance of either aberrant or modified mRNAs under stress. These findings suggest that EVs may function both for the elimination of specific cellular RNAs, and for the incorporation of RNAs that may hold signalling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for Public HealthQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David R. F. Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Evox Therapeutics LimitedOxford Science ParkOxfordUK
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32
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Jasim SA, Al-Hawary SIS, Kaur I, Ahmad I, Hjazi A, Petkov I, Ali SHJ, Redhee AH, Shuhata Alubiady MH, Al-Ani AM. Critical role of exosome, exosomal non-coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs in head and neck cancer angiogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155238. [PMID: 38493725 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) refers to the epithelial malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. HNCs have a constant yet slow-growing rate with an unsatisfactory overall survival rate globally. The development of new blood vessels from existing blood conduits is regarded as angiogenesis, which is implicated in the growth, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Aberrant angiogenesis is a known contributor to human cancer progression. Representing a promising therapeutic target, the blockade of angiogenesis aids in the reduction of the tumor cells oxygen and nutrient supplies. Despite the promise, the association of existing anti-angiogenic approaches with severe side effects, elevated cancer regrowth rates, and limited survival advantages is incontrovertible. Exosomes appear to have an essential contribution to the support of vascular proliferation, the regulation of tumor growth, tumor invasion, and metastasis, as they are a key mediator of information transfer between cells. In the exocrine region, various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) identified to be enriched and stable and contribute to the occurrence and progression of cancer. Mounting evidence suggest that exosome-derived ncRNAs are implicated in tumor angiogenesis. In this review, the characteristics of angiogenesis, particularly in HNC, and the impact of ncRNAs on HNC angiogenesis will be outlined. Besides, we aim to provide an insight on the regulatory role of exosomes and exosome-derived ncRNAs in angiogenesis in different types of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iliya Petkov
- Medical University - Sofia, Department of Neurology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of medical laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Huseen Redhee
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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33
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Kirian RD, Steinman D, Jewell CM, Zierden HC. Extracellular vesicles as carriers of mRNA: Opportunities and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Theranostics 2024; 14:2265-2289. [PMID: 38505610 PMCID: PMC10945352 DOI: 10.7150/thno.93115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all cells in the body. These biological nanoparticles facilitate cellular communication through the transport of diverse cargoes, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. mRNA cargoes have gained particular interest given their role in the translation of functional proteins. As a biomarker platform, EVs can be found in nearly all biofluids-blood, mucus, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva-providing real-time insight into parent cell and tissue function. mRNAs carried by EVs are protected from degradation, resulting in improved detection compared to free mRNA, and recent work demonstrates promising results in using these mRNA cargoes as biomarkers for cancer, neurological diseases, infectious diseases, and gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. Furthermore, given the innate cargo carrying, targeting, and barrier crossing abilities of EVs, these structures have been proposed as therapeutic carriers of mRNA. Recent advances demonstrate methods for loading mRNAs into EVs for a range of disease indications. Here, we review recent studies using EVs and their mRNA cargoes as diagnostics and therapeutics. We discuss challenges associated with EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic applications and highlight opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Kirian
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Darby Steinman
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hannah C. Zierden
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201
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Giulietti M, Piva F, Cecati M, Maggio S, Guescini M, Saladino T, Scortichini L, Crocetti S, Caramanti M, Battelli N, Romagnoli E. Effects of Eribulin on the RNA Content of Extracellular Vesicles Released by Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:479. [PMID: 38534323 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid particles secreted by almost all human cells into the extracellular space. They perform the essential function of cell-to-cell communication, and their role in promoting breast cancer progression has been well demonstrated. It is known that EVs released by triple-negative and highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with paclitaxel, a microtubule-targeting agent (MTA), promoted chemoresistance in EV-recipient cells. Here, we studied the RNA content of EVs produced by the same MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with another MTA, eribulin mesylate. In particular, we analyzed the expression of different RNA species, including mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, snoRNAs, piRNAs and tRNA fragments by RNA-seq. Then, we performed differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, and miRNA-target identification. Our findings demonstrate the possible involvement of EVs from eribulin-treated cells in the spread of chemoresistance, prompting the design of strategies that selectively target tumor EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Maggio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Saladino
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Laura Scortichini
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Sonia Crocetti
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Miriam Caramanti
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Emanuela Romagnoli
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
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Sorrells JE, Park J, Aksamitiene E, Marjanovic M, Martin EM, Chaney EJ, Higham AM, Cradock KA, Liu ZG, Boppart SA. Label-free nonlinear optical signatures of extracellular vesicles in liquid and tissue biopsies of human breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5528. [PMID: 38448508 PMCID: PMC10917806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in metastasis and proposed as cancer biomarkers. However, heterogeneity and small size makes assessments of EVs challenging. Often, EVs are isolated from biofluids, losing spatial and temporal context and thus lacking the ability to access EVs in situ in their native microenvironment. This work examines the capabilities of label-free nonlinear optical microscopy to extract biochemical optical metrics of EVs in ex vivo tissue and EVs isolated from biofluids in cases of human breast cancer, comparing these metrics within and between EV sources. Before surgery, fresh urine and blood serum samples were obtained from human participants scheduled for breast tumor surgery (24 malignant, 6 benign) or healthy participants scheduled for breast reduction surgery (4 control). EVs were directly imaged both in intact ex vivo tissue that was removed during surgery and in samples isolated from biofluids by differential ultracentrifugation. Isolated EVs and freshly excised ex vivo breast tissue samples were imaged with custom nonlinear optical microscopes to extract single-EV optical metabolic signatures of NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence. Optical metrics were significantly altered in cases of malignant breast cancer in biofluid-derived EVs and intact tissue EVs compared to control samples. Specifically, urinary isolated EVs showed elevated NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime in cases of malignant cancer, serum-derived isolated EVs showed decreased optical redox ratio in stage II cancer, but not earlier stages, and ex vivo breast tissue showed an elevated number of EVs in cases of malignant cancer. Results further indicated significant differences in the measured optical metabolic signature based on EV source (urine, serum and tissue) within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-Free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Martin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Zheng G Liu
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-Free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Jawad SF, Altalbawy FMA, Hussein RM, Fadhil AA, Jawad MA, Zabibah RS, Taraki TY, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS. The strict regulation of HIF-1α by non-coding RNAs: new insight towards proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:5-27. [PMID: 37552389 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic environment is prominently witnessed in most solid tumors and is associated with the promotion of cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis of tumor cells. All the effects are mediated by the expression of a transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α transcriptionally modulates the expression of genes responsible for all the aforementioned functions. The stability of HIF-1α is regulated by many proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). In this article, we have critically discussed the crucial role of ncRNAs [such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs)] in the regulation of stability and expression of HIF-1α. We have comprehensively discussed the molecular mechanisms and relationship of HIF-1α with each type of ncRNA in either promotion or repression of human cancers and therapeutic resistance. We have also elaborated on ncRNAs that are in clinical examination for the treatment of cancers. Overall, the majority of aspects concerning the relationship between HIF-1α and ncRNAs have been discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrean Farhan Jawad
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, University of Cairo, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Abdulhussain Fadhil
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Abed Jawad
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India.
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Keysberg C, Hertel O, Hoffrogge R, Reich S, Hornung N, Holzmann K, Otte K. Hyperthermic shift and cell engineering increase small extracellular vesicle production in HEK293F cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:942-958. [PMID: 38037755 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Although small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have promising features as an emerging therapeutic format for a broad spectrum of applications, for example, blood-brain-barrier permeability, low immunogenicity, and targeted delivery, economic manufacturability will be a crucial factor for the therapeutic applicability of sEVs. In the past, bioprocess optimization and cell line engineering improved titers of classical biologics multifold. We therefore performed a design of experiments (DoE) screening to identify beneficial bioprocess conditions for sEV production in HEK293F suspension cells. Short-term hyperthermia at 40°C elevated volumetric productivity 5.4-fold while sEVs displayed improved exosomal characteristics and cells retained >90% viability. Investigating the effects of hyperthermia via transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, an expectable, cellular heat-shock response was found together with an upregulation of many exosome biogenesis and vesicle trafficking related molecules, which could cause the productivity boost in tandem with heat shock proteins (HSPs), like HSP90 and HSC70. Because of these findings, a selection of 44 genes associated with exosome biogenesis, vesicle secretion machinery, or heat-shock response was screened for their influence on sEV production. Overexpression of six genes, CHMP1A, CHMP3, CHMP5, VPS28, CD82, and EZR, significantly increased both sEV secretion and titer, making them suitable targets for cell line engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keysberg
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine (IGradU), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Hertel
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Raimund Hoffrogge
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sibylle Reich
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nadine Hornung
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
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Dai S, Xu M, Pang Q, Sun J, Lin X, Chu X, Guo C, Xu J. Hypoxia macrophage-derived exosomal miR-26b-5p targeting PTEN promotes the development of keloids. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad036. [PMID: 38434721 PMCID: PMC10905499 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is the typical characteristic of keloids. The development of keloids is closely related to the abnormal phenotypic transition of macrophages. However, the role of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from hypoxic macrophages in keloids remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of hypoxic macrophage-derived exosomes (HMDE) in the occurrence and development of keloids and identify the critical miRNA. Methods The expression of CD206+ M2 macrophage in keloids and normal skin tissues was examined through immunofluorescence. The polarization of macrophages under a hypoxia environment was detected through flow cytometry. The internalization of macrophage-derived exosomes in human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs) was detected using a confocal microscope. miRNA sequencing was used to explore the differentially expressed miRNAs in exosomes derived from the normoxic and hypoxic macrophage. Subsequently, the dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) was miR-26b-5p's target. The biological function of macrophage-derived exosomes, miR-26b-5p and PTEN were detected using the CCK-8, wound-healing and Transwell assays. Western blot assay was used to confirm the miR-26b-5p's underlying mechanisms and PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway. Results We demonstrated that M2-type macrophages were enriched in keloids and that hypoxia treatment could polarize macrophages toward M2-type. Compared with normoxic macrophages-derived exosomes (NMDE), HMDE promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of HKFs. A total of 38 differential miRNAs (18 upregulated and 20 downregulated) were found between the NMDE and HMDE. miR-26b-5p was enriched in HMDE, which could be transmitted to HKFs. According to the results of the functional assay, exosomal miR-26b-5p produced by macrophages facilitated HKFs' migration, invasion and proliferation via the PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusions The highly expressed miR-26b-5p in HMDE promotes the development of keloids via the PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Ren C, Zhan R, Cao Y, Ren Y, Zou L, Zhou C, Peng L. Exploring the Potential of Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanovesicle as Functional Food Components for Human Health: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:712. [PMID: 38472825 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNs) are bilayer membrane-enclosed nanovesicles secreted by plant cells, serving as carriers of various substances such as proteins, RNA, and metabolites. The mounting evidence suggests that PELN plays a crucial role in transmembrane signaling, nutrient transportation, apoptosis, and regulation of gut microbiota composition. This makes it a promising "dark nutrient" for plants to modulate human physiology and pathogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of PELN formation, uptake, and functional mechanisms can offer novel insights into plant nutrition and functional properties, thereby facilitating the precise development of plant-based foods and drugs. This article provides a summary of PELN extraction and characterization, as well as absorption and delivery processes. Furthermore, it focuses on the latest discoveries and underlying physiological mechanisms of PELN's functions while exploring future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chaoqin Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan 623002, China
| | - Ruiling Zhan
- Agricultural Science Research Institute of Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Ganzi Prefecture, Kangding 626099, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Tankov S, Petrovic M, Lecoultre M, Espinoza F, El-Harane N, Bes V, Chliate S, Bedoya DM, Jordan O, Borchard G, Migliorini D, Dutoit V, Walker PR. Hypoxic glioblastoma-cell-derived extracellular vesicles impair cGAS-STING activity in macrophages. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:144. [PMID: 38389103 PMCID: PMC10882937 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) exhibit hypoxic zones that are associated with poor prognosis and immunosuppression through multiple cell intrinsic mechanisms. However, release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to transmit molecular cargos between cells. If hypoxic cancer cells use EVs to suppress functions of macrophages under adequate oxygenation, this could be an important underlying mechanism contributing to the immunosuppressive and immunologically cold tumor microenvironment of tumors such as GBM. METHODS EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation from GBM cell culture supernatant. EVs were thoroughly characterized by transmission and cryo-electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and EV marker expression by Western blot and fluorescent NTA. EV uptake by macrophage cells was observed using confocal microscopy. The transfer of miR-25/93 as an EV cargo to macrophages was confirmed by miRNA real-time qPCR. The impact of miR-25/93 on the polarization of recipient macrophages was shown by transcriptional analysis, cytokine secretion and functional assays using co-cultured T cells. RESULTS We show that indirect effects of hypoxia can have immunosuppressive consequences through an EV and microRNA dependent mechanism active in both murine and human tumor and immune cells. Hypoxia enhanced EV release from GBM cells and upregulated expression of miR-25/93 both in cells and in EV cargos. Hypoxic GBM-derived EVs were taken up by macrophages and the miR-25/93 cargo was transferred, leading to impaired cGAS-STING pathway activation revealed by reduced type I IFN expression and secretion by macrophages. The EV-treated macrophages downregulated expression of M1 polarization-associated genes Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Il12b, and had reduced capacity to attract activated T cells and to reactivate them to release IFN-γ, key components of an efficacious anti-tumor immune response. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a mechanism by which immunosuppressive consequences of hypoxia mediated via miRNA-25/93 can be exported from hypoxic GBM cells to normoxic macrophages via EVs, thereby contributing to more widespread T-cell mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Tankov
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marija Petrovic
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Lecoultre
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Espinoza
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El-Harane
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Bes
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Chliate
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darel Martinez Bedoya
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Dutoit
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Walker
- Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Castellani G, Buccarelli M, D'Alessandris QG, Ilari R, Cappannini A, Pedini F, Boe A, Lulli V, Parolini I, Giannetti S, Biffoni M, Zappavigna V, Marziali G, Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L. Extracellular vesicles produced by irradiated endothelial or Glioblastoma stem cells promote tumor growth and vascularization modulating tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:72. [PMID: 38347567 PMCID: PMC10863174 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adult, characterized by highly aggressive and infiltrative growth. The current therapeutic management of GBM includes surgical resection followed by ionizing radiations and chemotherapy. Complex and dynamic interplay between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment drives the progression and contributes to therapeutic resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules in the surrounding milieu modulating tumor microenvironment. METHODS In this study, we isolated by ultracentrifugation EVs from GBM stem-like cell (GSC) lines and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) exposed or not to ionizing irradiation. After counting and characterization, we evaluated the effects of exposure of GSCs to EVs isolated from endothelial cells and vice versa. The RNA content of EVs isolated from GSC lines and HMVECs exposed or not to ionizing irradiation, was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Periostin (POSTN) and Filamin-B (FLNB) emerged in gene set enrichment analysis as the most interesting transcripts enriched after irradiation in endothelial cell-derived EVs and GSC-derived EVs, respectively. POSTN and FLNB expression was modulated and the effects were analyzed by in vitro assays. RESULTS We confirmed that ionizing radiations increased EV secretion by GSCs and normal endothelial cells, affected the contents of and response to cellular secreted EVs. Particularly, GSC-derived EVs decreased radiation-induced senescence and promoted migration in HMVECs whereas, endothelial cell-derived EVs promoted tumorigenic properties and endothelial differentiation of GSCs. RNA-Seq analysis of EV content, identified FLNB and POSTN as transcripts enriched in EVs isolated after irradiation from GSCs and HMVECs, respectively. Assays performed on POSTN overexpressing GSCs confirmed the ability of POSTN to mimic the effects of endothelial cell-derived EVs on GSC migration and clonogenic abilities and transdifferentiation potential. Functional assays performed on HMVECs after silencing of FLNB supported its role as mediator of the effects of GSC-derived EVs on senescence and migration. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified POSTN and FLNB as potential mediators of the effects of EVs on GSC and HMVEC behavior confirming that EVs play a crucial role in the intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules in the surrounding milieu modulating tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institutes of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Ilari
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lulli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zappavigna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marziali
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Liu J, You Q, Liang F, Ma L, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Ultrasound-nanovesicles interplay for theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115176. [PMID: 38199256 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanovesicles (NVs) are widely used in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases due to their excellent vascular permeability, good biocompatibility, high loading capacity, and easy functionalization. However, their yield and in vivo penetration depth limitations and their complex preparation processes still constrain their application and development. Ultrasound, as a fundamental external stimulus with deep tissue penetration, concentrated energy sources, and good safety, has been proven to be a patient-friendly and highly efficient strategy to overcome the restrictions of traditional clinical medicine. Recent research has shown that ultrasound can drive the generation of NVs, increase their yield, simplify their preparation process, and provide direct therapeutic effects and intelligent control to enhance the therapeutic effect of NVs. In addition, NVs, as excellent drug carriers, can enhance the targeting efficiency of ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy or sonogenetic regulation and improve the accuracy of ultrasound imaging. This review provides a detailed introduction to the classification, generation, and modification strategies of NVs, emphasizing the impact of ultrasound on the formation of NVs and summarizing the enhanced treatment and diagnostic effects of NVs combined with ultrasound for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fuming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lilusi Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Liu Y, Lu M, Liu F, Xu G, Feng C, Chen Y, Cai D, Sun H, Zeng Y, Xie J, Ma W, Gao X. Extracellular Vesicles Obtained From Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Cultured Under Intermittent Hypoxia Induce M2 Macrophage Polarization via miR-20a-5p Delivery. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231219415. [PMID: 38327167 PMCID: PMC10851739 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231219415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Conclusion: These findings indicate that EVs obtained from lung adenocarcinoma cells cultured under IH deliver miR-20a-5p to promote M2 macrophage polarization by targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhen Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congrui Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuluo Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyan Cai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huake Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zeng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinglin Gao
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Singh S, Dansby C, Agarwal D, Bhat PD, Dubey PK, Krishnamurthy P. Exosomes: Methods for Isolation and Characterization in Biological Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2835:181-213. [PMID: 39105917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3995-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-encapsulated nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cell types and are a crucial player in intercellular communication. Exosomes transmit cellular information from donor to recipient cells in the form of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and influence several physiological and pathological responses. Due to their capacity to carry a variety of cellular cargo, low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, these nanosized vesicles are considered excellent diagnostic tools and drug-delivery vehicles. Despite their tremendous potential, the progress in therapeutic applications of exosomes is hindered by inadequate isolation techniques, poor characterization, and scarcity of specific biomarkers. The current research in the field is focused on overcoming these limitations. In this chapter, we have reviewed conventional exosome isolation and characterization methods and recent advancements, their advantages and limitations, persistent challenges in exosome research, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cassidy Dansby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Divyanshi Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Purnima Devaki Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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45
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Huang S, Bao Y, Kong L, Gao S, Hua C. Insights into the complex interactions between Rab22a and extracellular vesicles in cancers. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:99-110. [PMID: 38066108 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncogenic Ras-related GTP-binding proteins, referred to as Rabs, are characterized by their intricate interactions with upstream, downstream molecules, and notably, extracellular vesicles (EVs). While the expansive family of Rabs and their associated signaling pathways have been exhaustively dissected, Rab22a emerges as an entity of outstanding interest, owing to its potent influence in many biological processes and its conspicuous correlation with cancer metastasis and migration. A burgeoning interest in the interactions between Rab22a and EVs in the field of oncology underscores the necessity for more in-depth reviews and scholarly discourses. METHODS We performed a review based on published original and review articles related to Rab22a, tumor, microRNA, exosome, microvesicles, EVs, CD147, lysosome, degradation, endosomal recycling, etc. from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We summarize the regulatory processes governing the expression of Rab22a and the mutants of Rab22a. Notably, the present understanding of complex interactions between Rab22a and EVs are highlighted, encompassing both the impact of Rab22a on the genesis of EVs and the role of EVs that are affected by Rab22a mutants in propelling tumor advancement. The dynamic interaction between Rab22a and EVs plays a significant role in the progression of tumors, and it can provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cancers and the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Huang
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Bao
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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Alam MR, Rahman MM, Li Z. The link between intracellular calcium signaling and exosomal PD-L1 in cancer progression and immunotherapy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:321-334. [PMID: 37588227 PMCID: PMC10425812 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing microRNA, RNA, DNA fragments, and proteins that are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. Tumor cells release exosomes to reprogram the factors associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) causing tumor metastasis and immune escape. Emerging evidence revealed that cancer cell-derived exosomes carry immune inhibitory molecule program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) that binds with receptor program death protein 1 (PD-1) and promote tumor progression by escaping immune response. Currently, some FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies are clinically used for cancer treatment by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Despite notable treatment outcomes, some patients show poor drug response. Exosomal PD-L1 plays a vital role in lowering the treatment response, showing resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy through recapitulating the effect of cell surface PD-L1. To enhance therapeutic response, inhibition of exosomal PD-L1 is required. Calcium signaling is the central regulator of tumorigenesis and can regulate exosome biogenesis and secretion by modulating Rab GTPase family and membrane fusion factors. Immune checkpoints are also connected with calcium signaling and calcium channel blockers like amlodipine, nifedipine, lercanidipine, diltiazem, and verapamil were also reported to suppress cellular PD-L1 expression. Therefore, to enhance the PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy response, the reduction of exosomal PD-L1 secretion from cancer cells is in our therapeutic consideration. In this review, we proposed a therapeutic strategy by targeting calcium signaling to inhibit the expression of PD-L1-containing exosome levels that could reduce the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance and increase the patient's drug response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakibul Alam
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2H7, Canada
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Wysor SK, Marcus RK. Quantitative Recoveries of Exosomes and Monoclonal Antibodies from Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultures by Use of a Single, Integrated Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Method. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17886-17893. [PMID: 37995145 PMCID: PMC11095952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cultured cell lines are very commonly used for the mass production of therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In particular, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are widely employed due to their high tolerance to variations in experimental conditions and their ability to grow in suspension or serum free media. CHO cell lines are known for their ability to produce high titers of biotherapeutic products such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). An emergent alternative means of treating diseases, such as cancer, is the use of gene therapies, wherein genetic cargo is "packaged" in nanosized vesicular structures, referred to as "vectors". One particularly attractive vector option is extracellular vesicles (EVs), of which exosomes are of greatest interest. While exosomes can be harvested from virtually any human body fluid, bovine milk, or even plants, their production in cell cultures is an attractive commercial approach. In fact, the same CHO cell types employed for mAb production also produce exosomes as a natural byproduct. Here, we describe a single integrated 2D liquid chromatography (2DLC) method for the quantitative recovery of both exosomes and antibodies from a singular sample aliquot. At the heart of the method is the use of polyester capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers as the first dimension column, wherein exosomes/EVs are captured from the supernatant sample and subsequently determined by multiangle light scattering (MALS), while the mAbs are captured, eluted, and quantified using a protein A-modified C-CP fiber column in the second dimension, all in a 10 min workflow. These efforts demonstrate the versatility of the C-CP fiber phases with the capacity to harvest both forms of therapeutics from a single bioreactor, suggesting an appreciable potential impact in the field of biotherapeutics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wysor
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
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48
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Sakamoto Y, Ochiya T, Yoshioka Y. Extracellular vesicles in the breast cancer brain metastasis: physiological functions and clinical applications. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1278501. [PMID: 38111675 PMCID: PMC10725966 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1278501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, which exhibits an increasing incidence and high mortality rate among cancers, is predominantly attributed to metastatic malignancies. Brain metastasis, in particular, significantly contributes to the elevated mortality in breast cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by various cells that contain biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. They deliver these bioactive molecules to recipient cells, thereby regulating signal transduction and protein expression levels. The relationship between breast cancer metastasis and EVs has been extensively investigated. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which EVs promote brain metastasis in breast cancer. Additionally, we discuss the potential of EV-associated molecules as therapeutic targets and their relevance as early diagnostic markers for breast cancer brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Shen L, Huang H, Wei Z, Chen W, Li J, Yao Y, Zhou J, Liu J, Sun S, Xia W, Zhang T, Yu X, Shen J, Wang W, Jiang J, Huang J, Jiang M, Ni C. Integrated transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional analysis to characterize the tissue-specific small extracellular vesicle network of breast cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e433. [PMID: 38053815 PMCID: PMC10694390 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are essential mediators of intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although the biological features of sEVs have been characterized based on in vitro culture models, recent evidence indicates significant differences between sEVs derived from tissue and those derived from in vitro models in terms of both content and biological function. However, comprehensive comparisons and functional analyses are still limited. Here, we collected sEVs from breast cancer tissues (T-sEVs), paired normal tissues (N-sEVs), corresponding plasma (B-sEVs), and tumor organoids (O-sEVs) to characterize their transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. We identified the actual cancer-specific sEV signatures characterized by enriched cell adhesion and immunomodulatory molecules. Furthermore, we revealed the significant contribution of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the sEV network within the TME. In vitro model-derived sEVs did not entirely inherit the extracellular matrix- and immunity regulation-related features of T-sEVs. Also, we demonstrated the greater immunostimulatory ability of T-sEVs on macrophages and CD8+ T cells compared to O-sEVs. Moreover, certain sEV biomarkers derived from noncancer cells in the circulation exhibited promising diagnostic potential. This study provides valuable insights into the functional characteristics of tumor tissue-derived sEVs, highlighting their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zichen Wei
- Center for Genetic MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Breast SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Radiation OncologySecond Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Weilan Wang
- Department of Breast SurgeryChangxing People's HospitalHuzhouChina
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Genetic MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersHangzhouChina
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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50
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Szatmári T, Balázs K, Csordás IB, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Effect of radiotherapy on the DNA cargo and cellular uptake mechanisms of extracellular vesicles. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1191-1213. [PMID: 37347291 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, plenty of evidence has gathered pointing to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by irradiated cells in the development of radiation-induced non-targeted effects. EVs are complex natural structures composed of a phospholipid bilayer which are secreted by virtually all cells and carry bioactive molecules. They can travel certain distances in the body before being taken up by recipient cells. In this review we discuss the role and fate of EVs in tumor cells and highlight the importance of DNA specimens in EVs cargo in the context of radiotherapy. The effect of EVs depends on their cargo, which reflects physiological and pathological conditions of donor cell types, but also depends on the mode of EV uptake and mechanisms involved in the route of EV internalization. While the secretion and cargo of EVs from irradiated cells has been extensively studied in recent years, their uptake is much less understood. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge regarding the EV uptake of cancer cells and the effect of radiation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
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