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Jia MH, Zhang SL, Liu TB, Jue YF, Liu XL, Liu JB. Systematic review and meta-analysis of relationship between p53 protein expression and lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:376-386. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i5.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
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2
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Ling X, Alexander GS, Molitoris J, Choi J, Schumaker L, Tran P, Mehra R, Gaykalova D, Ren L. Radiomic biomarkers of locoregional recurrence: prognostic insights from oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma preoperative CT scans. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1380599. [PMID: 38715772 PMCID: PMC11074368 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to identify CT-based imaging biomarkers for locoregional recurrence (LR) in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Methods Computed tomography scans were collected from 78 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment at a single medical center. We extracted 1,092 radiomic features from gross tumor volume in each patient's pre-treatment CT. Clinical characteristics were also obtained, including race, sex, age, tobacco and alcohol use, tumor staging, and treatment modality. A feature selection algorithm was used to eliminate the most redundant features, followed by a selection of the best subset of the Logistic regression model (LRM). The best LRM model was determined based on the best prediction accuracy in terms of the area under Receiver operating characteristic curve. Finally, significant radiomic features in the final LRM model were identified as imaging biomarkers. Results and discussion Two radiomics biomarkers, Large Dependence Emphasis (LDE) of the Gray Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and Long Run Emphasis (LRE) of the Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) of the 3D Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG σ=3), have demonstrated the capability to preoperatively distinguish patients with and without LR, exhibiting exceptional testing specificity (1.00) and sensitivity (0.82). The group with LRE > 2.99 showed a 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of 0.81, in contrast to 0.49 for the group with LRE ≤ 2.99. Similarly, the group with LDE > 120 showed a rate of 0.82, compared to 0.49 for the group with LDE ≤ 120. These biomarkers broaden our understanding of using radiomics to predict OSCC progression, enabling personalized treatment plans to enhance patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gregory S. Alexander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa Schumaker
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daria Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Ren L, Ling X, Alexander G, Molitoris J, Choi J, Schumaker L, Mehra R, Gaykalova D. Radiomic Biomarkers of Locoregional Recurrence: Prognostic Insights from Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma preoperative CT scans. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3857391. [PMID: 38343846 PMCID: PMC10854303 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3857391/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify CT-based imaging biomarkers for locoregional recurrence (LR) in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Our study involved a retrospective review of 78 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment at a single medical center. An approach involving feature selection and statistical model diagnostics was utilized to identify biomarkers. Two radiomics biomarkers, Large Dependence Emphasis (LDE) of the Gray Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and Long Run Emphasis (LRE) of the Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) of the 3D Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG σ = 3), have demonstrated the capability to preoperatively distinguish patients with and without LR, exhibiting exceptional testing specificity (1.00) and sensitivity (0.82). The group with LRE > 2.99 showed a 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of 0.81, in contrast to 0.49 for the group with LRE ≤ 2.99. Similarly, the group with LDE > 120 showed a rate of 0.82, compared to 0.49 for the group with LDE ≤ 120. These biomarkers broaden our understanding of using radiomics to predict OSCC progression, enabling personalized treatment plans to enhance patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Xiao Ling
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Gaykalova
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center; Institute for Genome Sciences, U
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Dalir Abdolahinia E, Han X. The Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models in the Study of Oral Cancer Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4266. [PMID: 37686542 PMCID: PMC10487272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of oral cancer are accompanied by a dynamic interaction with the host immune system, and the immune cells within the tumor microenvironment play a pivotal role in the development of the tumor. By exploring the cellular immunity of oral cancer, we can gain insight into the contribution of both tumor cells and immune cells to tumorigenesis. This understanding is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies to combat oral cancer. Studies of cancer immunology present unique challenges in terms of modeling due to the extraordinary complexity of the immune system. With its multitude of cellular components, each with distinct subtypes and various activation states, the immune system interacts with cancer cells and other components of the tumor, ultimately shaping the course of the disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture methods fall short of capturing these intricate cellular interactions. Mouse models enable us to learn about tumor biology in complicated and dynamic physiological systems but have limitations as the murine immune system differs significantly from that of humans. In light of these challenges, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems offer an alternative approach to studying cancer immunology and filling the existing gaps in available models. These 3D culture models provide a means to investigate complex cellular interactions that are difficult to replicate in 2D cultures. The direct study of the interaction between immune cells and cancer cells of human origin offers a more relevant and representative platform compared to mouse models, enabling advancements in our understanding of cancer immunology. This review explores commonly used 3D culture models and highlights their significant contributions to expanding our knowledge of cancer immunology. By harnessing the power of 3D culture systems, we can unlock new insights that pave the way for improved strategies in the battle against oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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5
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Nguyen J, Chong TW, Elmi H, Ma J, Madi J, Mamgain A, Melendez E, Messina J, Mongia N, Nambiar S, Ng TJ, Nguyen H, McCullough M, Canfora F, O'Reilly LA, Cirillo N, Paolini R, Celentano A. Role of Hemidesmosomes in Oral Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092533. [PMID: 37173998 PMCID: PMC10177336 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancers have limited diagnostic tools to aid clinical management. Current evidence indicates that alterations in hemidesmosomes, the adhesion complexes primarily involved in epithelial attachment to the basement membrane, are correlated to cancer phenotype for multiple cancers. This systematic review aimed to assess the experimental evidence for hemidesmosomal alterations, specifically in relation to oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS We conducted a systemic review to summarise the available literature on hemidesmosomal components and their role in oral pre-cancer and cancer. Relevant studies were retrieved from a comprehensive search of Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and Web of Science. RESULTS 26 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 19 were in vitro studies, 4 in vivo studies, 1 in vitro and in vivo study, and 2 in vitro and cohort studies. Among them, 15 studies discussed individual alpha-6 and/or beta-4 subunits, 12 studies discussed the alpha-6 beta-4 heterodimers, 6 studies discussed the entire hemidesmosome complex, 5 studies discussed bullous pemphigoid-180, 3 studies discussed plectin, 3 studies discussed bullous pemphigoid antigen-1 and 1 study discussed tetraspanin. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity in cell type, experimental models, and methods were observed. Alterations in hemidesmosomal components were shown to contribute to oral pre-cancer and cancer. We conclude that there is sufficient evidence for hemidesmosomes and their components to be potential biomarkers for evaluating oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Nguyen
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Tze Wei Chong
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Hafsa Elmi
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Jiani Ma
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - John Madi
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Asha Mamgain
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Eileen Melendez
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Julian Messina
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Nikhil Mongia
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Sanjana Nambiar
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Tsu Jie Ng
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Federica Canfora
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
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Wang XM, Chen G, Dang YW, Li J, Li P, Li ZY. A comprehensive investigation regarding the clinical significance of ITGB4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma combining immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq, and microarray data. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107846. [PMID: 36934520 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrin subunit beta 4 (ITGB4), a receptor for laminins, was an oncoprotein in several malignancies. However, its clinical role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, 99 OSCC and 13 normal oral epithelium samples were employed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting the expression level of ITGB4 protein in OSCC. Subsequently, 971 OSCC and 281 non-cancerous specimens from RNA-seq and 18 microarrays were applied for investigating the expression of ITGB4 mRNA. Furthermore, to explore the potential mechanism of ITGB4 in OSCC, the co-expressed genes of ITGB4 were initially screened using all available datasets, and were further utilized for the gene enrichment analysis. RESULTS First, IHC showed a distinctively higher expression level of the ITGB4 protein in the OSCC group than that in the normal controls. Second, expression profile from RNA-seq and microarrays reflected that ITGB4 mRNA was dramatically overexpressed in OSCC tissues compared with non-tumor tissues. Third, standardized mean difference (SMD) with the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve combining all incorporated data revealed that ITGB4 was consistently significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues, with the SMD value being 1.31 and the area under the sROC curve being 0.82. Lastly, 184 upregulated and 179 downregulated co-expressed genes of ITGB4 were utilized for enrichment analysis, which demonstrated that ITGB4 might influence the pathogenesis of OSCC through cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways. CONCLUSIONS ITGB4 might play a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC, making it a promising biomarker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, Stomatology Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Yun Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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7
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ARID2 suppression promotes tumor progression and upregulates cytokeratin 8, 18 and β-4 integrin expression in TP53-mutated tobacco-related oral cancer and has prognostic implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1908-1917. [PMID: 35869277 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in ARID2 and TP53 genes are found to be implicated in the tobacco related tumorigeneses. However, the effect of loss of ARID2 in the TP53 mutated background in tobacco related cancer including oral cancer has not been investigated yet. Hence, in this study we knockdown ARID2 using shRNA mediated knockdown strategy in TP53 mutated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line and studied its tumorigenic role. Our study revealed that suppression of ARID2 in TP53 mutated oral cancer cells increases cell motility and invasion, induces drastic morphological changes and leads to a marked increase in the expression levels of cytokeratins, and integrins, CK8, CK18 and β4-Integrin, markers of cell migration/invasion in oral cancer. ARID2 suppression also showed early onset and increased tumorigenicity in-vivo. Interestingly, transcriptome profiling revealed differentially expressed genes associated with migration and invasion in oral cancer cells including AKR1C2, NCAM2, NOS1, ADAM23 and genes of S100A family in ARID2 knockdown TP53 mutated oral cancer cells. Pathway analysis of differentially regulated genes identified "cancer pathways" and "PI3K/AKT Pathway" to be significantly dysregulated upon suppression of ARID2 in TP53 mutated OSCC cells. Notably, decreased ARID2 expression and increased CK8, CK18 expression leads to poor prognosis in Head and Neck cancer (HNSC) patients as revealed by Pan-Cancer TCGA data analysis. To conclude, our study is the first to demonstrate tumor suppressor role of ARID2 in TP53 mutated background indicating their cooperative role in OSCC, and also highlights its prognostic implications suggesting ARID2 as an important therapeutic target in OSCC.
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8
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Li C, Guo H, Xiong J, Feng B, Zhu P, Jiang W, Jiang P, Su X, Huang X. Exosomal long noncoding RNAs MAGI2-AS3 and CCDC144NL-AS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma development via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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9
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Dongre HN, Mahadik S, Ahire C, Rane P, Sharma S, Lukmani F, Patil A, Chaukar D, Gupta S, Sawant SS. Diagnostic and prognostic role of protein and ultrastructural alterations at cell-extracellular matrix junctions in neoplastic progression of human oral malignancy. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:476-489. [PMID: 36049041 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in technology and increase in favorable outcomes associated with oral cancer, early detection remains the most significant factor in limiting mortality. The current study aimed to develop early diagnostic and prognostic markers for oral tumorigenesis. Protein and ultrastructural alterations at cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion junctions were examined concurrently using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on progressive grade of oral carcinomas (n = 285). The expression of hemidesmosome (HD) proteins-integrin β4, BP180, and laminin-5 increased in hyperplasia as compared to normal, and significantly increased further, as the disease progressed. TEM analysis in parallel tissues revealed a significant decrease in HD number and increase in the length of basal lamina (BL) in hyperplasia. With cancer progression, the severity of ultrastructural alterations increased gradually and significantly. Overexpression of HD proteins, decrease in HD number and increase in BL length significantly correlated with nodal metastasis, local recurrence, and recurrence-free survival of patients. Concurrent use of IHC and TEM can add value to early recognition of neoplastic changes in primary carcinomas of oral cavity. In this regard, altered expression of integrin β4 and laminin-5, loss of HDs, and increased BL length could offer criteria for early diagnosis and prognosis of oral malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Nitin Dongre
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,The Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Centre for Cancer biomarkers (CCBio), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Snehal Mahadik
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Fatima Lukmani
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Asawari Patil
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada Suhas Sawant
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Saikia M, Bhattacharyya DK, Kalita JK. CBDCEM: An effective centrality based differential co-expression method for critical gene finding. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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11
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Aptamer Targets Triple-Negative Breast Cancer through Specific Binding to Surface CD49c. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061570. [PMID: 35326720 PMCID: PMC8946172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeted therapy directed against many biomarkers has not shown significant improvement in outcome in TNBC, and therefore it is urgent to discover more biomarker candidates. Here, we found a DNA aptamer that bound to TNBC cells and identified CD49c as a specific surface marker for TNBC cells using the aptamer-facilitated biomarker discovery technology. The findings suggest that this DNA aptamer can be a drug delivery vehicle and CD49c is a potential target of targeted therapy for TNBC. Abstract Although targeted cancer therapy can induce higher therapeutic efficacy and cause fewer side effects in patients, the lack of targetable biomarkers on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells limits the development of targeted therapies by antibody technology. Therefore, we investigated an alternative approach to target TNBC by using the PDGC21T aptamer, which selectively binds to poorly differentiated carcinoma cells and tumor tissues, although the cellular target is still unknown. We found that synthetic aptamer probes specifically bound cultured TNBC cells in vitro and selectively targeted TNBC xenografts in vivo. Subsequently, to identify the target molecule on TNBC cells, we performed aptamer-mediated immunoprecipitation in lysed cell membranes followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sequencing analysis revealed a highly conserved peptide sequence consistent with the cell surface protein CD49c (integrin α3). For target validation, we stained cultured TNBC and non-TNBC cells with an aptamer probe or a CD49c antibody and found similar cell staining patterns. Finally, competition cell-binding assays using both aptamer and anti-CD49c antibody revealed that CD49c is the biomarker targeted by the PDGC21T aptamer on TNBC cells. Our findings provide a molecular foundation for the development of targeted TNBC therapy using the PDGC21T aptamer as a targeting ligand.
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12
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Chen W, Gard JMC, Epshtein Y, Camp SM, Garcia JGN, Jacobson JR, Cress AE. Integrin Beta 4E Promotes Endothelial Phenotypic Changes and Attenuates Lung Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses. Front Physiol 2022; 13:769325. [PMID: 35250607 PMCID: PMC8895044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.769325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported integrin beta 4 (ITGB4) is an important mediator of lung vascular protection by simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase inhibitor. In this study, we report increased endothelial cell (EC) expression specifically of ITGB4E, an ITGB4 mRNA splice variant, by simvastatin with effects on EC protein expression and inflammatory responses. In initial experiments, human pulmonary artery ECs were treated using simvastatin (5 μM, 24 h) prior to immunoprecipitation of integrin alpha 6 (ITGA6), which associates with ITGB4, and Western blotting for full-length ITGB4 and ITGB4E, uniquely characterized by a truncated 114 amino acid cytoplasmic domain. These experiments confirmed a significant increase in both full-length ITGB4 and ITGB4E. To investigate the effects of increased ITGB4E expression alone, ECs were transfected with ITGB4E or control vector, and cells were seeded in wells containing Matrigel to assess effects on angiogenesis or used for scratch assay to assess migration. Decreased angiogenesis and migration were observed in ITGB4E transfected ECs compared with controls. In separate experiments, PCR and Western blots from transfected cells demonstrated significant changes in EC protein expression associated with increased ITGB4E, including marked decreases in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) as well as increased expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin along with increased expression of the Slug and Snail transcription factors that promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). We, then, investigated the functional effects of ITGB4E overexpression on EC inflammatory responses and observed a significant attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, including decreased phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), as well as reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8), expressed in the media of EC after either LPS or excessive cyclic stretch (CS). Finally, EC expression-increased ITGB4E demonstrated decreased barrier disruption induced by thrombin as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Our data support distinct EC phenotypic changes induced by ITGB4E that are also associated with an attenuation of cellular inflammatory responses. These findings implicate ITGB4E upregulation as an important mediator of lung EC protection by statins and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for patients with or at risk for acute lung injury (ALI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jamie M. C. Gard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yulia Epshtein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sara M. Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey R. Jacobson,
| | - Anne E. Cress
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Rademaker E, Bastiaannet E, Oosting J, Dekker-Ensink NG, Kuppen PJK, de Miranda NFCC, Liefers GJ. Revising the Role of Integrin Subunit β4 Expression in Colon Cancer Progression and Survival. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 54:147-154. [PMID: 35112314 PMCID: PMC10182939 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrin subunit β4 (β4) has been proposed to play an important role in colon cancer progression through its involvement in hemidesmosome disassembly processes and tumor cell migration. However, the association between β4 expression and clinicopathological outcomes in colon cancer remains unclear. METHODS Expression of β4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of 651 colon cancer patients, the largest colon cancer cohort so far. Chi-squared tests were used to study the association between β4 expression and clinicopathological features. Overall and disease-free survival were assessed by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Loss of β4 expression was associated with local tumor invasion. Only 17.9% of the pT1 tumors displayed weak β4 expression level versus 28.1% of pT4 tumors, and 25.0% of the pT1 tumors had a high expression level versus 8.6% of the pT4 tumors (p = 0.012). No association between β4 expression and overall (p = 0.845) or disease-free survival (p = 0.767) was encountered, which disputes the role of β4 as a biomarker of malignant behavior in colon cancer. CONCLUSION Contradictory reports have suggested opposite roles for β4 expression in (colon) cancer progression. In the present large cohort of colon cancer patients, we found that β4 expression was not associated with worse clinical prognosis, but decreased with advanced pathological tumor stage. Future studies should establish whether loss of β4 expression promotes invasive characteristics of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rademaker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje G Dekker-Ensink
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerrit J Liefers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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Synthetic Evaluation of MicroRNA-1-3p Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Microarray Chips and MicroRNA Sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6529255. [PMID: 34485523 PMCID: PMC8410410 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6529255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-1-3p (miR-1-3p) exerts significant regulation in various tumor cells, but its molecular mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are still ill defined. This study is aimed at detecting the expression of miR-1-3p in HNSCC and at determining its significant regulatory pathways. Methods Data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Oncomine, ArrayExpress, Sequence Read Archive (SRA) databases, and additional literature. Expression values of miR-1-3p in HNSCC were analyzed comprehensively. The R language software was employed to screen differentially expressed genes, and bioinformatics assessment was performed. One sequence dataset (HNSCC: n = 484; noncancer: n = 44) and 18 chip datasets (HNSCC: n = 656; noncancer: n = 199) were obtained. Results The expression of miR-1-3p in HNSCC was visibly decreased in compare with noncancerous tissues. There were distinct differences in tumor state (P = 0.0417), pathological stage (P = 0.0058), and T stage (P = 0.0044). Comprehensive analysis of sequence and chip data also indicated that miR-1-3p was lowly expressed in HNSCC. The diagnostic performance of miR-1-3p in HNSCC is reflected in the sensitivity and specificity of the collection, etc. Bioinformatics analysis showed the possible biological process, cellular component, molecular function, and KEGG pathways of miR-1-3p in HNSCC. And ITGB4 was a possible target of miR-1-3p. Conclusions miR-1-3p's low expression may facilitate tumorigenesis and evolution in HNSCC through signaling pathways. ITGB4 may be a key gene in targeting pathways but still needs verification through in vitro experiments.
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Liu YQ, Zou HY, Xie JJ, Fang WK. Paradoxical Roles of Desmosomal Components in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060914. [PMID: 34203070 PMCID: PMC8234459 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular adhesion complexes involved in various aspects of epithelial pathophysiology, including tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, and disease development. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of various desmosomal components correlates with tumor progression and poor survival. In addition, desmosomes have been shown to act as a signaling platform to regulate the proliferation, invasion, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis of cancer cells. The occurrence and progression of head and neck cancer (HNC) is accompanied by abnormal expression of desmosomal components and loss of desmosome structure. However, the role of desmosomal components in the progression of HNC remains controversial. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments showing the paradoxical roles of desmosomal components in tumor suppression and promotion. It offers valuable insights for HNC diagnosis and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
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Sun L, Zheng W, Liu QD, Ge L. Valproic Acid Protects Chondrocytes from LPS-Stimulated Damage via Regulating miR-302d-3p/ITGB4 Axis and Mediating the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:633315. [PMID: 33968981 PMCID: PMC8100442 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.633315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases characterized by increased apoptosis and autophagy deficiency. The investigation was performed to examine the effect of valproic acid (VPA) and molecular mechanism related to miR-302d-3p/ITGB4 axis in OA. Methods: The OA clinical samples were obtained from the GEO database to analyze differentially expressed genes. An in vitro OA model was mimicked by LPS in CHON-001 cells. Autophagy-related genes were downloaded from the HADb website, and potential drugs were mined using the CTD website. The upstream factors of ITGB4 were predicted with bioinformatics analysis, which was validated by luciferase activity assay and RIP assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. The expression levels, including ITGB4, miR-302d-3p, and autophagy-/PI3K-AKT pathway-related markers, were measured by qRT-PCR or/and western blot. Results: Our results showed that miR-302d-3p inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis of LPS-treated CHON-001 cells by targeting ITGB4. VPA treatment remarkably alleviated LPS-stimulated injury in CHON-001 cells. The inhibitory effect of VPA on LPS-stimulated damage in CHON-001 cells was weakened by miR-302d-3p overexpression, while it was intensified because of ITGB4 upregulation. Mechanistically, VPA treatment induced a significant decrease in the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT in LPS-stimulated CHON-001 cells through regulating miR-302d-3p/ITGB4 axis. Conclusion: Overall, VPA treatment may ameliorate LPS-induced injury on chondrocytes via the regulation of miR-302d-3p/ITGB4 pair and the inactivation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Rizhao Central Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Qian-Dong Liu
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
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Hasegawa T, Nakashiro KI, Fukumoto C, Hyodo T, Sawatani Y, Shimura M, Kamimura R, Kuribayashi N, Fujita A, Uchida D, Kawamata H. Oral squamous cell carcinoma may originate from bone marrow-derived stem cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:170. [PMID: 33552287 PMCID: PMC7798092 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecules that demonstrate a clear association with the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not yet been identified. The current study hypothesized that tumor cells in OSCC have three different origins: Epithelial stem cells, oral tissue stem cells from the salivary gland and bone marrow (BM) stem cells. It was also hypothesized that carcinomas derived from less-differentiated stem cells have a greater malignancy. In the present study, sex chromosome analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or microdissection PCR was performed in patients with OSCC that developed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from the opposite sex. OSCC from 3 male patients among the 6 total transplanted patients were considered to originate from donor-derived BM cells. A total of 2/3 patients had distant metastasis, resulting in a poor prognosis. In a female patient with oral potentially malignant disorder who underwent HSCT, there were 10.7% Y-containing cells in epithelial cells, suggesting that some epithelial cells were from the donor. Subsequently, gene expression patterns in patients with possible BM stem cell-derived OSCC were compared with those in patients with normally developed OSCC by microarray analysis. A total of 3 patients with BM stem cell-derived OSCC exhibited a specific pattern of gene expression. Following cluster analysis by the probes identified on BM stem cell-derived OSCC, 2 patients with normally developed OSCC were included in the cluster of BM stem cell-derived OSCC. If the genes that could discriminate the origin of OSCC were identified, OSCCs were classified into the three aforementioned categories. If diagnosis can be performed based on the origin of the cancer cells, a more specific therapeutic strategy may be implemented to improve prognosis. This would be a paradigm shift in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Chonji Fukumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Toshiki Hyodo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yuta Sawatani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Michiko Shimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Ryouta Kamimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kuribayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawamata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Islam T, Hasan MM, Awal A, Nurunnabi M, Ahammad AJS. Metal Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing: Progress and Challenges in the Clinical Transition of Point-of-Care Testing. Molecules 2020; 25:E5787. [PMID: 33302537 PMCID: PMC7763225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rise in public health awareness, research on point-of-care testing (POCT) has significantly advanced. Electrochemical biosensors (ECBs) are one of the most promising candidates for the future of POCT due to their quick and accurate response, ease of operation, and cost effectiveness. This review focuses on the use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for fabricating ECBs that has a potential to be used for POCT. The field has expanded remarkably from its initial enzymatic and immunosensor-based setups. This review provides a concise categorization of the ECBs to allow for a better understanding of the development process. The influence of structural aspects of MNPs in biocompatibility and effective sensor design has been explored. The advances in MNP-based ECBs for the detection of some of the most prominent cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), Herceptin-2 (HER2), etc.) and small biomolecules (glucose, dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) ECBs have been briefly discussed. Beyond that, the limitations and challenges that ECBs face in clinical applications are examined and possible pathways for overcoming these limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Md. Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdul Awal
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - A. J. Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
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Li GS, Hou W, Chen G, Yao YX, Chen XY, Zhang XG, Liang Y, Li MX, Huang ZG, Dang YW, Liang QH, Wu HY, Li RQ, Wei HY. Clinical Significance of Integrin Subunit Beta 4 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 37:256-275. [PMID: 33179959 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression level and clinical significance of integrin subunit beta 4 (ITGB4) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. Materials and Methods: Expression of ITGB4 in HNSCC tissues were evaluated by calculating standard mean differences (SMDs) based on gene chips, RNA-seq, and immunohistochemistry data (n = 2330) from multiple sources. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to detect the ability of ITGB4 to distinguish HNSCC from non-HNSCC samples. The relationship between the expression level of ITGB4 and clinical parameters was evaluated by calculating SMDs. Results: Identical results of mRNA and protein levels indicated remarkable up-expression of ITGB4 in HNSCC tissues. Further ROC curves showed that ITGB4 could distinguish HNSCC from non-HNSCC samples. Genetic alteration analysis of ITGB4 in HNSCC indicated that overexpression of ITGB4 in HNSCC was likely not owing to genetic alteration of ITGB4. Moreover, ITGB4 overexpression level may be correlated with clinical T stage. Conclusion: ITGB4 likely plays an essential role in HNSCC occurrence based on our study and its potential diagnostic value is worthy of further exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xuan Yao
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guohui Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xuan Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Qiao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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20
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Jin Y, Qin X. Development of a Prognostic Signature Based on Autophagy-related Genes for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:860-867. [PMID: 32948377 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignant tumor with relative low survival rate. Increasingly evidences have emphasized the importance of autophagy in cancer initiation, progression, and the responses to cancer treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential biological and prognostic significance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in HNSCC patients. METHODS We collected a list of ARGs from Human Autophagy Database and obtained expression profiles and clinical information of HNSCC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal. Differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed by R software. The prognostic value of differentially expressed ARGs was detected by Cox regression analysis and prognosis-related ARGs were subjected to LASSO regression analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were applied to identify promising independent prognosticators for HNSCC. RESULTS A total of 35 differentially expressed ARGs were screened out and functional enrichment analysis results indicated these genes were mainly associated with autophagy-related biological processes and pathways. Seven prognosis-related ARGs (ITGA3, CDKN2A, FADD, NKX2-3, BAK1, CXCR4, and HSPB8) were selected to construct a risk signature, which proved to be effective in predicting the survival rate of HNSCC patients. Moreover, univariate analysis showed risk score, tumor stage, T stage, and N stage were negatively correlated with patient overall survival and the multivariate Cox regression analysis results indicated risk score, age, and N stage was significantly associated with patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may provide novel evidences for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, PR China
| | - Xing Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Tian L, Chen M, He Q, Yan Q, Zhai C. MicroRNA‑199a‑5p suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting ITGA3 in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2307-2317. [PMID: 32705201 PMCID: PMC7411411 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of the integrin family, integrin α3β1 (ITGA3) has been linked to intercellular communication and serves an important role in the signaling among cells and the extracellular matrix. MicroRNA (miR)-199a-5p has been demonstrated to be related to the pathogenesis and progression of multiple malignant diseases. However, the biological functions of miR-199a-5p and ITGA3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have rarely been reported. The aim of the present study was to explore the roles of miR-199a-5p and ITGA3 in CRC. Immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting were applied to detect the protein expression of ITGA3 in CRC tissues and cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to investigate the expression of miR-199a-5p and ITGA3 mRNA. HCT-116 cells were transfected with miR-199a-5p mimics, mimics control, short hairpin RNA targeting ITGA3, or pcDNA-ITGA3 for the functional experiments. Dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to confirm whether miR-199a-5p targeted the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of ITGA3. The MTT, Transwell and wound healing assays were used to evaluate the proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells. Immunofluorescence assay was used to monitor the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarker expression. The results demonstrated downregulation of miR-199a-5p and upregulation of ITGA3 in CRC tissues and cell lines. miR-199a-5p mimics and knockdown of ITGA3 suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-199a-5p targeted the 3′UTR of the ITGA3 transcript, and overexpression of ITGA3 reversed the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-199a-5p elevation. In addition, the immunofluorescence assay suggested that miR-199a-5p mimics suppressed the EMT of CRC cells, whereas the overexpression of ITGA3 restored this effect. In conclusion, miR-199a-5p may act as a tumor suppressor by targeting and negatively regulating ITGA3 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tian
- Department of Colorectal and Anus Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Mingtong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Colorectal and Anus Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qiuliang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Zhai
- Department of Colorectal and Anus Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Yuan H, Yan M, Zhang G, Liu W, Deng C, Liao G, Xu L, Luo T, Yan H, Long Z, Shi A, Zhao T, Xiao Y, Li X. CancerSEA: a cancer single-cell state atlas. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:D900-D908. [PMID: 30329142 PMCID: PMC6324047 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High functional heterogeneity of cancer cells poses a major challenge for cancer research. Single-cell sequencing technology provides an unprecedented opportunity to decipher diverse functional states of cancer cells at single-cell resolution, and cancer scRNA-seq datasets have been largely accumulated. This emphasizes the urgent need to build a dedicated resource to decode the functional states of cancer single cells. Here, we developed CancerSEA (http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/CancerSEA/ or http://202.97.205.69/CancerSEA/), the first dedicated database that aims to comprehensively explore distinct functional states of cancer cells at the single-cell level. CancerSEA portrays a cancer single-cell functional state atlas, involving 14 functional states (including stemness, invasion, metastasis, proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, differentiation, DNA damage, DNA repair, hypoxia, inflammation and quiescence) of 41 900 cancer single cells from 25 cancer types. It allows querying which functional states are associated with the gene (or gene list) of interest in different cancers. CancerSEA also provides functional state-associated PCG/lncRNA repertoires across all cancers, in specific cancers, and in individual cancer single-cell datasets. In summary, CancerSEA provides a user-friendly interface for comprehensively searching, browsing, visualizing and downloading functional state activity profiles of tens of thousands of cancer single cells and the corresponding PCGs/lncRNAs expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Yuan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Min Yan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Guanxiong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Gaoming Liao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tao Luo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Haoteng Yan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhilin Long
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Aiai Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
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Zhong S, Wu B, Li J, Wang X, Jiang S, Hu F, Dou G, Zhang Y, Sheng C, Zhao G, Li Y, Chen Y. T5224, RSPO2 and AZD5363 are novel drugs against functional pituitary adenoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9043-9059. [PMID: 31655798 PMCID: PMC6834428 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We tested whether the drugs T5224, RSPO2, and AZD5363 exert therapeutic effects against functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA). We analysed the gene expression profiles of four FPA mRNA microarray datasets (GSE2175, GSE26966, GSE36314, and GSE37153) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified genes differentially expressed in FPA vs control tissues. We then carried out Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction network analyses. We also measured the difference in expression of hub genes between human normal pituitary cells and FPA cells using qRT-PCR. Our in vitro colony-formation and MTT assays showed that cell viability, number, and the size of clonogenicities were all lower in the presence of T5224, RSPO2, or AZD536 than in controls. Moreover, flow cytometry experiments showed that the incidence of apoptosis was higher in the presence of T5224, RSPO2, or AZD5363 than among controls, and was increased by increasing the doses of the drugs. This suggests these drugs could be used as therapeutic agents to treat FPA. Finally, we found that cFos, WNT5A, NCAM1, JUP, AKT3, and ADCY1 are abnormally expressed in FPA cells compared to controls, which highlights these genes as potential prognostic and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Chuangchun, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Fangfei Hu
- Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Chuangchun, China
| | - Gaojing Dou
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjia Sheng
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Jiao Y, Li Y, Liu S, Chen Q, Liu Y. ITGA3 serves as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4141-4152. [PMID: 31213833 PMCID: PMC6549486 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s201675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: ITGA3 is a cell surface adhesion protein that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins which function in cancer metastasis. We examined the relationship of pancreatic ITGA3 expression with the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Data mining was used to analyze pancreatic cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A Chi squared test was used to evaluate correlations of ITGA3 expression with clinical and pathological parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ITGA3 expression. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to examine the prognostic value of ITGA3 expression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify signaling pathways related to ITGA3 expression. Results: Pancreatic expression of ITGA3 was greater in patients with pancreatic cancer than those without cancer, and was also associated with histological type, histological grade, stage, T classification, vital status, and relapse. ROC analysis indicated that ITGA3 had significant diagnostic value, in that high expression correlated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival, especially in patients with early-stage cancer. Cox analysis indicated that high ITGA3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. GSEA analysis identified 9 signaling pathways that were enriched in the presence of high ITGA3 expression. Conclusion: Expression of ITGA3 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
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25
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Deletion of TMEM268 inhibits growth of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the ITGB4 signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1453-1466. [PMID: 30361615 PMCID: PMC6748091 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 268 (TMEM268) encodes a novel human protein of previously unknown function. This study analyzed the biological activities and molecular mechanisms of TMEM268 in vivo and in vitro. We found that TMEM268 deletion decreases cell viability, proliferation, and cell adhesion as well as causing S-phase cell cycle arrest and disrupts cytoskeleton remolding. Xenograft tumor mouse model studies showed that TMEM268 deletion inhibits the tumorigenesis of BGC823 gastric cancer cells. In addition, TMEM268-deleted BGC823 cells failed to colonize the lungs after intravenous injection and to form metastatic engraftment in the peritoneum. Molecular mechanism studies showed a C-terminal interaction between TMEM268 and integrin subunit β4 (ITGB4). TMEM268 knockout promotes ITGB4 ubiquitin-mediated degradation, increasing the instability of ITGB4 and filamin A (FLNA). The reduced ITGB4 protein levels result in the disassociation of the ITGB4/PLEC complex and cytoskeleton remodeling. This study for the first time demonstrates that TMEM268 plays a positive role in the regulation of ITGB4 homeostasis. The above results may provide a new perspective that targeting the TMEM268/ITGB4 signaling axis for the treatment of gastric cancer, which deserves further investigation in the future.
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26
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Kinouchi M, Izumi S, Nakashiro KI, Haruyama Y, Kobashi G, Uchida D, Hasegawa T, Kawamata H. Determination of the origin of oral squamous cell carcinoma by microarray analysis: Squamous epithelium or minor salivary gland? Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2551-2560. [PMID: 30121960 PMCID: PMC6220885 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
More than 90% of oral cancers are histopathologically squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). According to clinical behavior and histopathological features, we hypothesize that oral SCC can originate from either oral squamous epithelium or minor salivary glands. Here, we examined whether some oral SCCs originate from minor salivary glands, and investigated whether these tumors show particularly aggressive biological behavior. The mRNA expression profiles of samples obtained from six patients with oral floor SCC (five men, one woman; mean age, 62.7 years) were analyzed using a microarray containing 32,878 probes. The six samples were divided into two groups by clustering of expression levels of 845 probes differentially expressed in normal oral squamous epithelium and normal salivary glands. The expression profile in four cases was similar to that of normal oral squamous epithelium, and in two cases was similar to that of normal salivary glands. Furthermore, we identified nine genes that reveal the origin of the oral SCC. Subsequently, we examined the expression levels of these nine marker genes by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction to determine the origin of 66 oral SCCs. Twelve of the 66 oral SCCs were considered to originate from minor salivary glands, and these tumors showed high metastatic potential (p = 0.044, Chi‐square test). Furthermore, SCC derived from minor salivary glands showed a poor event‐free survival rate (p = 0.017, Kaplan–Meier analysis). In conclusion, determination of the origin of oral SCC is helpful in planning treatment for patients with oral SCC. What's new? In spite of several past attempts, no distinct factors controlling the biological aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been identified. Determining the origin of the cancer cells could help predict biological aggressiveness, however. Here, the authors provide evidence that oral SCC has two different origins, as mucosal or salivary SCC. Furthermore, they identify nine genes able to reveal the origin of oral SCC. Based on their expression levels, the authors determined that twelve of the 66 oral SCCs in their sample originated from minor salivary glands. Salivary SCC tumors showed high metastatic potential and poor event‐free survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kinouchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Izumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasuo Haruyama
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawamata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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27
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Wei H, Li J, Xie M, Lei R, Hu B. Comprehensive analysis of metastasis-related genes reveals a gene signature predicting the survival of colon cancer patients. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5433. [PMID: 30155352 PMCID: PMC6108311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanism underlying colon cancer metastasis remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the genes alteration during the metastasis of colon cancer and identify genes that crucial to the metastasis and survival of colon cancer patients. Methods The dataset of primary and metastasis tissue of colon cancer, and dataset of high and low metastasis capability of colon cancer cells were selected as training cohort, and the overlapped differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the training cohort. The functional enrichment analysis for the overlapped DEGs was performed. The prognostic value of overlapped DEGs were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, and a gene signature was developed using genes that related to the overall survival (OS). The prognostic value of the gene signature was further confirmed in a validation cohort. Results A total of 184 overlapped DEGs were screened from the training cohort. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the significant gene functions and pathways of the overlapped DEGs. Four hub genes (3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1, actinin alpha 4, interleukin 8, integrin subunit alpha 3) were identified using protein–protein network analysis. Six genes (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9, filamin A, lamin B receptor, twinfilin actin binding protein 1, serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1) were closely related to the OS of colon cancer patients. A gene signature was developed using these six genes based on their risk score, and the validation cohort indicated that the prognostic value of this gene signature was high in the prediction of colon cancer patients. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a gene profiles related to the metastasis of colon cancer, and identify a six-gene signature that acts as an independent biomarker on the prognosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jilin Li
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Minzhi Xie
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ronger Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bangli Hu
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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28
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Chang HW, Yen CY, Chen CH, Tsai JH, Tang JY, Chang YT, Kao YH, Wang YY, Yuan SSF, Lee SY. Evaluation of the mRNA expression levels of integrins α3, α5, β1 and β6 as tumor biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4773-4781. [PMID: 30214610 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin signaling may modulate several different functions involved in cell migration, invasion, proliferation and motility, and is a potential candidate biomarker for oral cancer. In the present study, a total of four integrin genes were evaluated as potential biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Gene expression was determined using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 55 OSCC and 55 matched normal oral tissues. The performance of individual and combined biomarkers was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on the relative mRNA expression (OSCC vs. matched oral tissue from the tumor-free margin), which was calculated using the ΔΔCq value (ΔCq of OSCC-ΔCq of oral tissue from the tumor-free margin of the same patient). In the individual ROC analysis, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of relative mRNA expression (ΔΔCq) of integrin subunit α3 (ITGA3), integrin subunit α5 (ITGA5), integrin subunit β1 (ITGB1) and integrin subunit β6 (ITGB6) in all tumor locations were 0.724, 0.698, 0.640 and 0.657, respectively. For locations 2 (tongue/mouth part) and 3 (edentulous ridge), their individual AUC values were 0.840, 0.765, 0.725 and 0.763, respectively. In the cumulative ROC analysis, ITGA3, ITGA5 and ITGB1 genes exhibited the highest combined AUC values (0.809 and 0.871 for all locations and locations 2 and 3 combined, respectively) compared with other biomarker combinations. In conclusion, the results of the present study identified that higher mRNA expressions of ITGA3, ITGA5, ITGB1 and ITGB6 genes are suitable for OSCC diagnosis biomarkers. Cumulative ROC analysis indicated an improved overall performance compared with the best individual integrin biomarker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Ho Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jun-Hsu Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Ting Chang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11574, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Orthodontics, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Tang J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liao Q, Huang J, Geng Z, Xu W, Sheng Z, Lee G, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang L, Qiu X. Lung squamous cell carcinoma cells express non-canonically glycosylated IgG that activates integrin-FAK signaling. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:148-159. [PMID: 29778566 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that many human carcinomas express immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules that are distinct from B-cell-derived Ig and play important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of cancer-derived Ig remain elusive. Here, we report that lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cells frequently express high levels of cancer IgG (CIgG) that is specifically recognized by a monoclonal antibody RP215. RP215 recognizes CIgG via a novel epitope that involves an N-glycan modification at a non-consensus site within the CH1 domain. We demonstrate that RP215 recognized CIgG (RP215-CIgG) promotes survival, migration and in vivo growth of LSCC cells, and these oncogenic activities are strongly inhibited by RP215. Mechanistically, RP215-CIgG executes its oncogenic function through interacting with the integrin α6β4 complex and activating the FAK and Src pathways. Notably, the CIgG-integrin-FAK signaling depends on the N-glycan epitope, which is inhibited by RP215. Together, our studies identified a novel CIgG molecule that activates the oncogenic integrin-FAK signaling in LSCC cells. In addition, the activity of CIgG is inhibited by RP215, providing an attractive target for antibody-based therapy of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qinyuan Liao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weiyan Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengzuo Sheng
- Department of Urology, Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Gregory Lee
- Andrology Lab, University of British Columbia Centre for Reproductive Health, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Youhui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China.
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30
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Xie N, Vikhreva P, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Amelio I, Barlev N, Knight RA, Melino G. Integrin-β4 is a novel transcriptional target of TAp73. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:589-594. [PMID: 29233040 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1403684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of p53 family, p73 has attracted intense investigations due to its structural and functional similarities to p53. Among more than ten p73 variants, the transactivation (TA) domain-containing isoform TAp73 is the one that imitates the p53's behavior most. TAp73 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which endows it the capacity of tumour suppression. Also, it can exert diverse biological influences on cells through activating a complex and context dependent transcriptional programme. The transcriptional activities further broaden its roles in more intricate biological processes. In this article, we report that p73 is a positive regulator of a cell adhesion related gene named integrin β4 (ITGB4). This finding may have implications for the dissection of the biological mechanisms underlining p73 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxia Xie
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Polina Vikhreva
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | | | - Ivano Amelio
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Nicolai Barlev
- d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
| | - Richard A Knight
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy.,d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
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31
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Zhu S, Zhang X, Weichert-Leahey N, Dong Z, Zhang C, Lopez G, Tao T, He S, Wood AC, Oldridge D, Ung CY, van Ree JH, Khan A, Salazar BM, Lummertz da Rocha E, Zimmerman MW, Guo F, Cao H, Hou X, Weroha SJ, Perez-Atayde AR, Neuberg DS, Meves A, McNiven MA, van Deursen JM, Li H, Maris JM, Look AT. LMO1 Synergizes with MYCN to Promote Neuroblastoma Initiation and Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:310-323.e5. [PMID: 28867147 PMCID: PMC5605802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study identified LMO1, which encodes an LIM-domain-only transcriptional cofactor, as a neuroblastoma susceptibility gene that functions as an oncogene in high-risk neuroblastoma. Here we show that dβh promoter-mediated expression of LMO1 in zebrafish synergizes with MYCN to increase the proliferation of hyperplastic sympathoadrenal precursor cells, leading to a reduced latency and increased penetrance of neuroblastomagenesis. The transgenic expression of LMO1 also promoted hematogenous dissemination and distant metastasis, which was linked to neuroblastoma cell invasion and migration, and elevated expression levels of genes affecting tumor cell-extracellular matrix interaction, including loxl3, itga2b, itga3, and itga5. Our results provide in vivo validation of LMO1 as an important oncogene that promotes neuroblastoma initiation, progression, and widespread metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Nina Weichert-Leahey
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuning He
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew C Wood
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Derek Oldridge
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Choong Yong Ung
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Janine H van Ree
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Amish Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Brittany M Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Mark W Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Departments of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - S John Weroha
- Departments of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Antonio R Perez-Atayde
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Meves
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Biomarkers in diagnosis and therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of the literature. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:722-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Li XL, Liu L, Li DD, He YP, Guo LH, Sun LP, Liu LN, Xu HX, Zhang XP. Integrin β4 promotes cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the modulation of Slug expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40464. [PMID: 28084395 PMCID: PMC5233967 DOI: 10.1038/srep40464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin β4 (ITGB4) is a transmembrane receptor involved in tumorigenesis and the invasiveness of many cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent human cancers worldwide, remains unclear. Here, we examined the involvement of ITGB4 in HCC and explored the underlying mechanisms. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses of tissues from 82 patients with HCC and four HCC cell lines showed higher ITGB4 levels in tumor than in adjacent non-tumor tissues and in HCC than in normal hepatic cells. Silencing of ITGB4 repressed cell proliferation, colony forming ability and cell invasiveness, whereas ectopic expression of ITGB4 promoted the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells and induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in parallel with the upregulation of Slug, as shown by transwell assays, WB and immunocytochemistry. Knockdown of Slug reduced cell viability inhibited invasion and reversed the effects of ITBG4 overexpression on promoting EMT, and AKT/Sox2-Nanog may also be involved. In a xenograft tumor model induced by injection of ITGB4-overexpressing cells into nude mice, ITGB4 promoted tumor growth and metastasis to the lungs. Taken together, our results indicate that ITGB4 plays a tumorigenic and pro-metastatic role mediated by Slug and suggest IGTB4 could be a prognostic indicator or a therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ya-Ping He
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Le-Hang Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin-Na Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Educational Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China,
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China,
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The opposing roles of laminin-binding integrins in cancer. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:213-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Harryman WL, Pond E, Singh P, Little AS, Eschbacher JM, Nagle RB, Cress AE. Laminin-binding integrin gene copy number alterations in distinct epithelial-type cancers. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:940-954. [PMID: 27158381 PMCID: PMC4846938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The laminin-binding integrin (LBI) family are cell adhesion molecules that are essential for invasion and metastasis of human epithelial cancers and cell adhesion mediated drug resistance. We investigated whether copy number alteration (CNA) or mutations of a five-gene signature (ITGB4, ITGA3, LAMB3, PLEC, and SYNE3), representing essential genes for LBI adhesion, would correlate with patient outcomes within human epithelial-type tumor data sets currently available in an open access format. METHODS We investigated the relative alteration frequency of an LBI signature panel (integrin β4 (ITGB4), integrin α3 (ITGA3), laminin β3 chain (LAMB3), plectin (PLEC), and nesprin 3 (SYNE3)), independent of the epithelial cancer type, within publically available and published data using cBioPortal and Oncomine software. We rank ordered the results using a 20% alteration frequency cut-off and limited the analysis to studies containing at least 100 samples. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analyzed to determine if alterations in the LBI signature correlated with patient survival. The Oncomine data mining tool was used to compare the heat map expression of the LBI signature without SYNE3 (as this was not included in the Oncomine database) to drug resistance patterns. RESULTS Twelve different cancer types, representing 5,647 samples, contained at least a 20% alteration frequency of the five-gene LBI signature. The frequency of alteration ranged from 38.3% to 19.8%. Within the LBI signature, PLEC was the most commonly altered followed by LAMB3, ITGB4, ITGA3, and SYNE3 across all twelve cancer types. Within cancer types, there was little overlap of the individual amplified genes from each sample, suggesting different specific amplicons may alter the LBI adhesion structures. Of the twelve cancer types, overall survival was altered by CNA presence in bladder urothelial carcinoma (p=0.0143*) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (p=0.0432*). Querying the in vitro drug resistance profiles with the LBI signature demonstrated a positive correlation with cells resistant to inhibitors of HDAC (Vorinostat, Panobinostat) and topoisomerase II (Irinotecan). No correlation was found with the following agents: Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Gemcitabine, Docetaxel, Bortezomib, and Shikonen. CONCLUSIONS Our work has identified epithelial-types of human cancer that have significant CNA in our selected five-gene signature, which was based on the essential and genetically-defined functions of the protein product networks (in this case, the LBI axis). CNA of the gene signature not only predicted overall survival in bladder, cervical, and endocervical adenocarcinoma but also response to chemotherapy. This work suggests that future studies designed to optimize the gene signature are warranted. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The copy number alteration of structural components of the LBI axis in epithelial-type tumors may be promising biomarkers and rational targets for personalized therapy in preventing or arresting metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Harryman
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Erika Pond
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Parminder Singh
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Andrew S Little
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Department of Pathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Anne E Cress
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, Arizona, United States
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Vehlow A, Storch K, Matzke D, Cordes N. Molecular Targeting of Integrins and Integrin-Associated Signaling Networks in Radiation Oncology. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 198:89-106. [PMID: 27318682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy are the main pillars of the current multimodal treatment concept for cancer patients. However, tumor recurrences and resistances still hamper treatment success regardless of advances in radiation beam application, particle radiotherapy, and optimized chemotherapeutics. To specifically intervene at key recurrence- and resistance-promoting molecular processes, the development of potent and specific molecular-targeted agents is demanded for an efficient, safe, and simultaneous integration into current standard of care regimens. Potential targets for such an approach are integrins conferring structural and biochemical communication between cells and their microenvironment. Integrin binding to extracellular matrix activates intracellular signaling for regulating essential cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and cell motility. Tumor-associated characteristics such as invasion, metastasis, and radiochemoresistance also highly depend on integrin function. Owing to their dual functionality and their overexpression in the majority of human malignancies, integrins present ideal and accessible targets for cancer therapy. In the following chapter, the current knowledge on aspects of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular regulation of integrin-dependent radiochemoresistance and current approaches to integrin targeting are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Storch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Matzke
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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NAGATA MASAKI, KURITA HIROSHI, UEMATSU KOHYA, OGAWA SHIN, TAKAHASHI KATSU, HOSHINA HIDEYUKI, TAKAGI RITSUO. Diagnostic value of cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor expression ratios as biomarkers of locoregional and hematogenous dissemination risks in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1007-1013. [PMID: 26623041 PMCID: PMC4534825 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of cell cycle-related genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by examining the expression of the following genes in 77 OSCC tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction: Cyclin genes (CCNA1, CCND1, CCND2 and CCNE1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) genes (CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4), CDK inhibitor genes (CDKN2A, CDKN1A, CDKN1B and CDKN1C), and integrin and associated genes that we previously reported (ITGA3, ITGB4, CD9 and JUP). The expression ratios of 66 combinations of the 11 cell cycle-related genes were analyzed to examine their associations with major clinical events using Mann-Whitney U and log-rank tests. Three expression ratios (CDK1/CDKN1B, CDK2/CDKN1A and CCNE1/CDK2) showed associations on univariate analyses and their diagnostic value was re-analyzed with integrin gene expression biomarkers (ITGA3/CD9 and ITGB4/JUP) using the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier estimates. Lymph node metastasis occurred in >90% of double-positive cases (high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK1/CDKN1B) irrespective of tumor size (P<0.0001). Primary site recurrence was found in >30% of double-positive cases (high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK2/CDKN1A) with tumors >20 mm (P=0.003). Triple-positive (high-ITGB4/JUP, high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK2/CDKN1A) was associated with distant metastasis (P<0.0001), but not with other clinical parameters. Disease-specific death occurred in 55% of double-positive cases (high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK2/CDKN1A) (P<0.0001) and a positive surgical margin was a significant factor for fatality in these cases. Reliable prediction of locoregional and hematogenous dissemination risks in OSCC using the four CDK and integrin gene expression ratios is a promising biomarker system. Clinical use of these parameters may improve the control rate with the use of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MASAKI NAGATA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - HIROSHI KURITA
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - KOHYA UEMATSU
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - SHIN OGAWA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - KATSU TAKAHASHI
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - HIDEYUKI HOSHINA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - RITSUO TAKAGI
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Clinical significance of the integrin α6β4 in human malignancies. J Transl Med 2015; 95:976-86. [PMID: 26121317 PMCID: PMC4554527 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α6β4 is a cellular adhesion molecule that binds to laminins in the extracellular matrix and nucleates the formation of hemidesmosomes. During carcinoma progression, integrin α6β4 is released from hemidesmosomes, where it can then signal to facilitate multiple aspects of tumor progression including sustaining proliferative signaling, tumor invasion and metastasis, evasion of apoptosis, and stimulation of angiogenesis. The integrin achieves these ends by cooperating with growth factor receptors including EGFR, ErbB-2, and c-Met to amplify downstream pathways such as PI3K, AKT, MAPK, and the Rho family small GTPases. Furthermore, it dramatically alters the transcriptome toward a more invasive phenotype by controlling promoter DNA demethylation of invasion and metastasis-associated proteins, such as S100A4 and autotaxin, and upregulates and activates key tumor-promoting transcription factors such as the NFATs and NF-κB. Expression of integrin α6β4 has been studied in many human malignancies where its overexpression is associated with aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. This review provides an assessment of integrin α6β4 expression patterns and their prognostic significance in human malignancies, and describes key signaling functions of integrin α6β4 that contribute to tumor progression.
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Aravalli RN, Talbot NC, Steer CJ. Gene expression profiling of MYC-driven tumor signatures in porcine liver stem cells by transcriptome sequencing. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2011-2029. [PMID: 25717234 PMCID: PMC4326136 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the genes induced and regulated by the MYC protein in generating tumors from liver stem cells.
METHODS: In this study, we have used an immortal porcine liver stem cell line, PICM-19, to study the role of c-MYC in hepatocarcinogenesis. PICM-19 cells were converted into cancer cells (PICM-19-CSCs) by overexpressing human MYC. To identify MYC-driven differential gene expression, transcriptome sequencing was carried out by RNA sequencing, and genes identified by this method were validated using real-time PCR. In vivo tumorigenicity studies were then conducted by injecting PICM-19-CSCs into the flanks of immunodeficient mice.
RESULTS: Our results showed that MYC-overexpressing PICM-19 stem cells formed tumors in immunodeficient mice demonstrating that a single oncogene was sufficient to convert them into cancer cells (PICM-19-CSCs). By using comparative bioinformatics analyses, we have determined that > 1000 genes were differentially expressed between PICM-19 and PICM-19-CSCs. Gene ontology analysis further showed that the MYC-induced, altered gene expression was primarily associated with various cellular processes, such as metabolism, cell adhesion, growth and proliferation, cell cycle, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Interestingly, six genes expressed by PICM-19 cells (CDO1, C22orf39, DKK2, ENPEP, GPX6, SRPX2) were completely silenced after MYC-induction in PICM-19-CSCs, suggesting that the absence of these genes may be critical for inducing tumorigenesis.
CONCLUSION: MYC-driven genes may serve as promising candidates for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics that would not have deleterious effects on other cell types in the liver.
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Steglich A, Vehlow A, Eke I, Cordes N. α integrin targeting for radiosensitization of three-dimensionally grown human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:542-8. [PMID: 25497870 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrin cell adhesion molecules play a crucial role in tumor cell resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and are therefore considered attractive targets for cancer therapy. Here, we assessed the role of β1 integrin-interacting α integrin subunits in more physiological three-dimensional extracellular matrix grown head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell cultures for evaluating cytotoxic and radiosensitizing potential. α2, α3, α5 and α6 integrins, which are overexpressed in HNSCC according to Oncomine database analysis, were coprecipitated with β1 integrin. More potently than α2, α5 or α6 integrin inhibition, siRNA-based α3 integrin targeting resulted in reduced clonogenic cell survival, induced apoptosis and enhanced radiosensitivity. These events were associated with diminished phosphorylation of Akt, Cortactin and Paxillin. Cell line-dependently, simultaneous α3 and β1 integrin inhibition led to higher cytotoxicity and radiosensitization than α3 integrin blocking alone. Stable overexpression of wild-type and constitutively active forms of the integrin signaling mediator focal adhesion kinase (FAK) revealed FAK as a key determinant of α3 integrin depletion-mediated radiosensitization. Our findings show that α3 integrin is essentially involved in HNSCC cell radioresistance and critical for a modified cellular radiosensitivity along with β1 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steglich
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Vehlow
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Iris Eke
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wikner J, Gröbe A, Pantel K, Riethdorf S. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and circulating tumour cells. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:114-124. [PMID: 24829858 PMCID: PMC4014783 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a lack of substantial improvement in the outcome of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) during the past decades, current staging methods need to be revised. This disease is associated with poor survival rates despite considerable advances in diagnosis and treatment. The early detection of metastases is an important indicator of survival, prognosis and relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying metastasis is crucial. Exploring alternative measures apart from common procedures is needed to identify new prognostic markers. Similar to previous findings predominantly for other solid tumours, recently published studies demonstrate that circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) might serve as prognostic markers and could supplement routine staging in OSCC. Thus, the detection of CTCs/DTCs is a promising tool to determine the individual need for therapeutic intervention. Encouraging results and new approaches point to the future use of targeted therapies for OSCC, an exceedingly heterogeneous subgroup of head and neck cancer. This review focuses on summarising technologies currently used to detect CTCs/DTCs. The translational relevance for OSCC is highlighted. The inherent challenges in detecting CTCs/DTCs will be emphasised.
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Wu BL, Lv GQ, Zou HY, Du ZP, Wu JY, Zhang PX, Xu LY, Li EM. Exploration of potential roles of a new LOXL2 splicing variant using network knowledge in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:431792. [PMID: 25254241 PMCID: PMC4165399 DOI: 10.1155/2014/431792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LOXL2 (lysyl oxidase-like 2), an enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of lysine residue, is upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A LOXL2 splice variant LOXL2-e13 and its wild type were overexpressed in ESCC cells followed by microarray analyses. In this study, we explored the potential role and molecular mechanism of LOXL2-e13 based on known protein-protein interactions (PPIs), following microarray analysis of KYSE150 ESCC cells overexpressing a LOXL2 splice variant, denoted by LOXL2-e13, or its wild-type counterpart. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of LOXL2-WT and LOXL2-e13 were applied to generate individual PPI subnetworks in which hundreds of DEGs interacted with thousands of other proteins. These two DEG groups were annotated by Functional Annotation Chart analysis in the DAVID bioinformatics database and compared. These results found many specific annotations indicating the potential specific role or mechanism for LOXL2-e13. The DEGs of LOXL2-e13, comparing to its wild type, were prioritized by the Random Walk with Restart algorithm. Several tumor-related genes such as ERO1L, ITGA3, and MAPK8 were found closest to LOXL2-e13. These results provide helpful information for subsequent experimental identification of the specific biological roles and molecular mechanisms of LOXL2-e13. Our study also provides a work flow to identify potential roles of splice variants with large scale data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Li Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Guo-Qing Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ze-Peng Du
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jian-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Pi-Xian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- *Li-Yan Xu: and
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- *En-Min Li:
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