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Li Z, Fu B, Wei A, Wu Y, Huang M, Zhang E, Cui B, Wang B, Peng H. d-Glucosamine induces circadian phase delay by promoting BMAL1 degradation through AMPK/mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2023; 325:121765. [PMID: 37169147 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are closely linked to the metabolic network through circadian feedback regulation. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is a branch of glucose metabolism that affects circadian rhythms through the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of clock proteins. Here, we found out that, among the downstream metabolites regulated by d-glucosamine (GlcN) in HBP salvage pathway, only GlcN is able to induce circadian phase delay both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that the phase-shift induced by GlcN is independent of O-GlcNAcylation. Instead, GlcN selectively up-regulates p-AMPK activity, leading to the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway, and thus down-regulation of p-BMAL1 both in human cell line and mouse tissues. Moreover, GlcN promoted BMAL1 degradation via proteasome pathway. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism of GlcN in regulating clock phase and suggest the therapeutic potential of GlcN as new use for an old drug in the future treatment of shift work and circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Li
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Aili Wei
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yanchen Wu
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Huang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Enhao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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2
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Wei N, Chao-yang G, Wen-ming Z, Ze-yuan L, Yong-qiang S, Shun-bai Z, Kai Z, Yan-chao M, Hai-hong Z. A ubiquitin-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and constructing molecular subtypes in osteosarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904448. [PMID: 36060009 PMCID: PMC9428517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ubiquitination is medicated by three classes of enzymes and has been proven to involve in multiple cancer biological processes. Moreover, dysregulation of ubiquitination has received a growing body of attention in osteosarcoma (OS) tumorigenesis and treatment. Therefore, our study aimed to identify a ubiquitin-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune landscape and constructing OS molecular subtypes. Methods: Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) was regarded as the training set through univariate Cox regression, Lasso Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression. The GSE21257 and GSE39055 served as the validation set to verify the predictive value of the signature. CIBERSORT was performed to show immune infiltration and the immune microenvironment. The NMF algorithm was used to construct OS molecular subtypes. Results: In this study, we developed a ubiquitin-related gene signature including seven genes (UBE2L3, CORO6, DCAF8, DNAI1, FBXL5, UHRF2, and WDR53), and the gene signature had a good performance in predicting prognosis for OS patients (AUC values at 1/3/5 years were 0.957, 0.890, and 0.919). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that the risk score model and prognosis stage were also independent prognostic prediction factors. Moreover, analyses of immune cells and immune-related functions showed a significant difference in different risk score groups and the three clusters. The drug sensitivity suggested that IC50 of proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) showed a notable significance between the risk score groups (p < 0.05). Through the NMF algorithm, we obtained the three clusters, and cluster 3 showed better survival outcomes. The expression of ubiquitin-related genes (CORO6, UBE2L3, FBXL5, DNAI1, and DCAF8) showed an obvious significance in normal and osteosarcoma tissues. Conclusion: We developed a novel ubiquitin-related gene signature which showed better predictive prognostic ability for OS and provided additional information on chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The OS molecular subtypes would also give a useful guide for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wei
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gong Chao-yang
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhou Wen-ming
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Ze-yuan
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi Yong-qiang
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhang Shun-bai
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhang Kai
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ma Yan-chao
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ma Yan-chao, ; Zhang Hai-hong,
| | - Zhang Hai-hong
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ma Yan-chao, ; Zhang Hai-hong,
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3
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Cinobufagin restrains the growth and triggers DNA damage of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via proteasome-dependent degradation of thymidylate synthase. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Spears N, Lopes F, Stefansdottir A, Rossi V, De Felici M, Anderson RA, Klinger FG. Ovarian damage from chemotherapy and current approaches to its protection. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:673-693. [PMID: 31600388 PMCID: PMC6847836 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-cancer therapy is often a cause of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility since the ovarian follicle reserve is extremely sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While oocyte, embryo and ovarian cortex cryopreservation can help some women with cancer-induced infertility achieve pregnancy, the development of effective methods to protect ovarian function during chemotherapy would be a significant advantage. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This paper critically discusses the different damaging effects of the most common chemotherapeutic compounds on the ovary, in particular, the ovarian follicles and the molecular pathways that lead to that damage. The mechanisms through which fertility-protective agents might prevent chemotherapy drug-induced follicle loss are then reviewed. SEARCH METHODS Articles published in English were searched on PubMed up to March 2019 using the following terms: ovary, fertility preservation, chemotherapy, follicle death, adjuvant therapy, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the analysis of the protective agents. OUTCOMES Recent studies reveal how chemotherapeutic drugs can affect the different cellular components of the ovary, causing rapid depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve. The three most commonly used drugs, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin, cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing death and/or accelerated activation of primordial follicles and increased atresia of growing follicles. They also cause an increase in damage to blood vessels and the stromal compartment and increment inflammation. In the past 20 years, many compounds have been investigated as potential protective agents to counteract these adverse effects. The interactions of recently described fertility-protective agents with these damage pathways are discussed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding the mechanisms underlying the action of chemotherapy compounds on the various components of the ovary is essential for the development of efficient and targeted pharmacological therapies that could protect and prolong female fertility. While there are increasing preclinical investigations of potential fertility preserving adjuvants, there remains a lack of approaches that are being developed and tested clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Spears
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - F Lopes
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | | | - V Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - F G Klinger
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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5
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Radiosensitizing activity of novel small molecule BRCA1 and DNA-PK inhibitors in lung and colon carcinoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Ji J, Zhou BR, Zhang RH, Li HM, Guo Q, Zhu J, Luo D. MG-132 treatment promotes TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in SEB-1 sebocytes. Life Sci 2018; 210:150-157. [PMID: 30176247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify the mechanism of how MG-132 stimulates cell death in SEB-1 sebocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS TUNEL staining and annexin-FITC/PI flow cytometry were utilized to examine the apoptotic cell number of SEB-1 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes upon MG-132 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment. MTT assay and CCK-8 assay monitored the proliferative rate and viability of both cell lines with different treatment. Western blotting (WB) and qPCR were performed to detect the expression of TRAIL and members of Bcl-2 family at protein and gene level. Additionally, RNA interfering was used to knockdown the mRNA transcription of TRAIL and BIK gene. KEY FINDINGS MG-132 treatment enhanced cell death in SEB-1 sebocytes but not in HaCaT keratinocytes. Meanwhile, TRAIL concentrations in SEB-1 sebocytes treated with MG-132 were markedly elevated. Furthermore, treatment with TRAIL or the TRAIL receptor-specific monoclonal antibody AY4 at various doses stimulated cell death in SEB-1 sebocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Silencing of TRAIL restored the cell viability of SEB-1 cells to a normal level after MG-132 treatment. Combined treatment of SEB-1 sebocytes with TRAIL and MG-132 synergistically triggered cell death, suppressed cell proliferation and survival, and promoted BIK expression. Furthermore, BCL2 Interacting Killer (BIK) knockdown via RNA interference participated in the recovery of cell survival reduced by treatment with TRAIL and MG-132. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that treatment with the selective proteasome suppressor MG-132 and TRAIL induces cell death in sebocytes through upregulation of BIK, a member of the Bcl-2 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ji
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Bing-Rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Ruo-Hua Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hong-Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.
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7
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Rajendra J, Datta KK, Ud Din Farooqee SB, Thorat R, Kumar K, Gardi N, Kaur E, Nair J, Salunkhe S, Patkar K, Desai S, Goda JS, Moiyadi A, Dutt A, Venkatraman P, Gowda H, Dutt S. Enhanced proteasomal activity is essential for long term survival and recurrence of innately radiation resistant residual glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27667-27681. [PMID: 29963228 PMCID: PMC6021241 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance and recurrence in Glioblastoma is due to the presence of residual radiation resistant cells. However, because of their inaccessibility from patient biopsies, the molecular mechanisms driving their survival remain unexplored. Residual Radiation Resistant (RR) and Relapse (R) cells were captured using cellular radiation resistant model generated from patient derived primary cultures and cell lines. iTRAQ based quantitative proteomics was performed to identify pathways unique to RR cells followed by in vitro and in vivo experiments showing their role in radio-resistance. 2720 proteins were identified across Parent (P), RR and R population with 824 and 874 differential proteins in RR and R cells. Unsupervised clustering showed proteasome pathway as the most significantly deregulated pathway in RR cells. Concordantly, the RR cells displayed enhanced expression and activity of proteasome subunits, which triggered NFkB signalling. Pharmacological inhibition of proteasome activity led to impeded NFkB transcriptional activity, radio-sensitization of RR cells in vitro, and significantly reduced capacity to form orthotopic tumours in vivo. We demonstrate that combination of proteasome inhibitor with radio-therapy abolish the inaccessible residual resistant cells thereby preventing GBM recurrence. Furthermore, we identified first proteomic signature of RR cells that can be exploited for GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinth Rajendra
- 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Keshava K. Datta
- 2 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Sheikh Burhan Ud Din Farooqee
- 3 Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- 5 Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Kumar
- 2 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- 4 Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyothi Nair
- 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sameer Salunkhe
- 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Ketaki Patkar
- 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanket Desai
- 4 Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant Sastri Goda
- 8 Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- 6 Department of neurosurgery Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- 4 Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- 3 Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- 2 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- 1 Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- 7 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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8
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Lenos KJ, Vermeulen L. Cancer stem cells don't waste their time cleaning-low proteasome activity, a marker for cancer stem cell function. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:519. [PMID: 28149881 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A population of stem-like cells in tumors, the so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), are being held responsible for therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. In analogy with normal stem cells, CSCs possess the capacity of long term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. CSCs are believed to be more resistant to various therapies compared to their differentiated offspring and therefore the cause of tumor relapse. Markers for CSCs have been identified using xenograft transplantation assays and lineage tracing in mouse models, however the specificity and validity of many of these markers is under debate. Recently, low proteasome activity has been postulated as a novel CSC marker. In several solid malignancies a small subset of low proteasomal activity cells with CSC characteristics were identified, suggesting that proteasomal activity might be a functional marker for CSCs. In this perspective, we will discuss a recent study by Munakata et al., describing a population of colorectal cancer cells with CSC properties, characterized by low proteasome activity and treatment resistance. We will put this finding in a broader view by discussing the challenges and issues inherent with CSC identification, as well as some emerging insights in the CSC concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiaan J Lenos
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Zhu W, Liu J, Nie J, Sheng W, Cao H, Shen W, Dong A, Zhou J, Jiao Y, Zhang S, Cao J. MG132 enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2083-9. [PMID: 26238156 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for lung cancer, however, radioresistance remains a fundamental barrier to attaining the maximal efficacy. Cancer cells take advantage of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) for increased proliferation and decreased apoptotic cell death. MG132 (carbobenzoxyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-leucinal‑H), a specific and selective reversible inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, has shown anticancer effect in multiple types of cancers. Previously, we have reported that MG132 enhances the anti‑growth and anti-metastatic effects of irradiation in lung cancer cells. However, whether MG132 can enhance the radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo is still unknown. In this study, we found that MG132 increased apoptosis and dicentric chromosome ratio of A549 and H1299 cells treated by irradiation. Radiation-induced NF-κB expression and IκBα phosphorylation was attenuated in MG132 plus irradiation-treated cells. The in vivo model of H1299 xenografts of nude mice showed that the tumor size of MG132 plus irradiation treated xenografts was smaller than that of irradiation, MG132 or the control group. Moreover, MG132 plus irradiation group showed significant reduced Ki67 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MG132 enhances the radiosensitivity through multiple mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jihua Nie
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wenjiong Sheng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Han Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Aijing Dong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- The Core Laboratory of Suzhou Cancer Center and Department of Radiotherapy of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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10
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Lagadec C, Vlashi E, Frohnen P, Alhiyari Y, Chan M, Pajonk F. The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 regulates proteasome subunit expression in breast cancer- and glioma-initiating cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:135-44. [PMID: 24022895 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells, similar to normal tissue stem cells, rely on developmental pathways, such as the Notch pathway, to maintain their stem cell state. One of the regulators of the Notch pathway is Musashi-1, a mRNA-binding protein. Musashi-1 promotes Notch signaling by binding to the mRNA of Numb, the negative regulator of Notch signaling, thus preventing its translation. CSCs have also been shown to downregulate their 26S proteasome activity in several types of solid tumors, thus making them resistant to proteasome-inhibitors used as anticancer agents in the clinic. Interestingly, the Notch pathway can be inhibited by proteasomal degradation of the Notch intracellular domain (Notch-ICD); therefore, downregulation of the 26S proteasome activity can lead to stabilization of Notch-ICD. Here, we present evidence that the downregulation of the 26S proteasome in CSCs constitutes another level of control by which Musashi-1 promotes signaling through the Notch pathway and maintenance of the stem cell phenotype of this subpopulation of cancer cells. We demonstrate that Musashi-1 mediates the downregulation of the 26S proteasome by binding to the mRNA of NF-YA, the transcriptional factor regulating 26S proteasome subunit expression, thus providing an additional route by which the degradation of Notch-ICD is prevented, and Notch signaling is sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chann Lagadec
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine and, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Proteasome inhibitor MG132 enhances the antigrowth and antimetastasis effects of radiation in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7531-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Radiosensitizing activity of a novel Benzoxazine through the promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of DNA repair. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:424-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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14
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Wei D, Morgan MA, Sun Y. Radiosensitization of Cancer Cells by Inactivation of Cullin-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:305-12. [PMID: 23066438 PMCID: PMC3468921 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although radiotherapy represents one of the most effective treatment modalities for patients with cancer, inherent and/or acquired resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy is often an impediment to effective treatment. Diverse strategies have been developed to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) operates in numerous vital biologic processes by controlling the protein turnover in cells. Ubiquitination is central to the UPS pathway, and it relies on the E3 ubiquitin ligases to catalyze the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to its protein substrates. Cullin-based RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of E3 ligases that are responsible for the ubiquitination and destruction of numerous cancer-relevant proteins. Its deregulation has been linked to many human cancers, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. This review discusses how targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, particularly CRLs, is an exciting new strategy for radiosensitization in cancer and, specifically, focuses on MLN4924, a recently discovered small-molecule inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme, which is being characterized as a novel radiosensitizing agent against cancer cells by inactivating CRL E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Wei
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Donna LD, Lagadec C, Pajonk F. Radioresistance of prostate cancer cells with low proteasome activity. Prostate 2012; 72:868-74. [PMID: 21932424 PMCID: PMC3396561 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is frequently treated with radiotherapy. While treatment results are in general excellent, some patients relapse and current systemic therapies are not curative, thus, underlining the need for novel targeted therapies. Proteasome inhibitors have been suggested as promising new agents against solid tumors including prostate cancer but initial results from clinical trials are disappointing. METHODS In this study we tested if prostate cancer cells are heterogeneous with regard to their intrinsic 26S proteasome activity, which could explain the lack of clinical responses to bortezomib. PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells and an imaging system for proteasome activity were used to identify individual cells with low proteasome activity. Clonogenic survival assays, a sphere-forming assay and an in vivo limiting dilution assay were used to characterize radiation sensitivity, self-renewal capacity, and tumorigenicity of the different subsets of cells. RESULTS We identified a small population of cells with intrinsically low 26S proteasome activity. Fractionated radiation enriched for these cells and clonogenic survival assays and sphere-forming assays revealed a radioresistant phenotype and increased self-renewal capacity. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that low 26S proteasome activity identifies a radioresistant prostate cancer cell population. This population of cells could be responsible for the clinical resistance of advanced prostate cancer to proteasome inhibitors and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chann Lagadec
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
- Correspondence address: Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714,
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Mairs RJ, Boyd M. Preclinical assessment of strategies for enhancement of metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. Semin Nucl Med 2012; 41:334-44. [PMID: 21803183 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of its high affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), [(131)I]metaiodobenzylguanidine ([(131)I]MIBG) has been used for the therapy of tumors of neuroectodermal origin for more than 25 years. Although not yet universally adopted, [(131)I]MIBG targeted radiotherapy remains a highly promising means of management of neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids. Appreciation of the mode of conveyance of [(131)I]MIBG into malignant cells and of factors that influence the activity of the uptake mechanism has indicated a variety of means of increasing the effectiveness of this type of treatment. Studies in model systems revealed that radiolabeling of MIBG to high specific activity reduced the amount of cold competitor, thereby increasing tumor dose and minimizing pressor effects. Increased radiotoxicity to targeted tumors might also be achieved by the use of the α-particle emitter [(211)At]astatine rather than (131)I as radiolabel. Recently it has been demonstrated that potent cytotoxic bystander effects were induced by [(131)I]MIBG, [(123)I]MIBG, and [(211)At]meta-astatobenzylguanidine. Discovery of the structure of bystander factors could increase the therapeutic ratio achievable by MIBG targeted radiotherapy. [(131)I]MIBG combined with topotecan produced supra-additive cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor growth delay in vivo. The enhanced antitumor effect was consistent with a failure to repair DNA damage. Initial findings suggest that further enhancement of efficacy might be achieved by triple combination therapy with drugs that disrupt alternative tumor-specific pathways and synergize not only with [(131)I]MIBG abut also with topotecan. With these ploys, it is expected that advances will be made toward the optimization of [(131)I]MIBG therapy of neuroectodermal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Mairs
- Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Science and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, Scotland.
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Hernández-Cairo A, Perera-Pintado A, Prats-Capote A, Batista-Cuellar J, Casacó-Santana C. Comparative Study of the Biodistribution of 99mTc-HYNIC-Lys3-Bombesin Obtained With the EDDA/Tricine and AN/Tricine as Coligands. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hernández-Cairo A, Perera-Pintado A, Prats-Capote A, Batista-Cuellar JF, Casacó-Santana C. [Comparative study of the biodistribution of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-Lys3-Bombesin obtained with the EDDA/tricine and NA/tricine as coligands]. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2012; 31:61-5. [PMID: 22305264 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present investigation was to evaluate biodistribution in healthy animals and in tumor models of the radiopharmaceuticals (99m)Tc-EDDA/tricine-HYNIC-Lys3-Bombesin (HYNIC-Lys3-BN) and (99m)Tc-NA/tricine-HYNIC-Lys3-BN. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics were carried out over 24 hours. To do so, 24 healthy Wistar rats were used and were administered 37.0 ± 0.8 MBq/rat of each radiopharmaceutical. For the tumor model study, 20 CD-1 nude mice were used and prostate tumors (PC3) were implanted in all the mice. Ten days later, tumor volumes were calculated and 40.00 ± 0.04 MBq/mice of each radiopharmaceutical were injected. Both showed high radiochemical purity: 98.08 ± 0.25% for EDDA/tricine product and 95.1 ± 0.3% for the conjugate with NA/tricine. Uptake of the radiopharmaceutical with NA/tricine was significantly higher in organs of the reticulo-endothelial system of healthy Wistar rats during 24h, specifically in the liver and spleen. Both labeled compounds showed no significant differences between their blood elimination half lives. Average of tumor growth was 0.93 ± 0.02 cm(3) and affinity for tumors showed a growing and specific binding of both radiopharmaceuticals, although it was significantly higher for the EDDA/tricine conjugate. This outcome made it possible to corroborate the direct relationship between the density of gastrin releasing peptide and its receptors (GRPr) and the variation of the accumulation of the radiopharmaceuticals in the tumor. Use of EDDA/tricine as coligand is more appropriate than NA/tricine for labeling of HYNIC-Lys3-BN with (99m)Tc.
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19
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Beaven AW, Shea TC, Moore DT, Feldman T, Ivanova A, Ferraro M, Ford P, Smith J, Goy A. A phase I study evaluating ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®) in combination with bortezomib (Velcade®) in relapsed/refractory mantle cell and low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:254-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.608445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Potts BC, Albitar MX, Anderson KC, Baritaki S, Berkers C, Bonavida B, Chandra J, Chauhan D, Cusack JC, Fenical W, Ghobrial IM, Groll M, Jensen PR, Lam KS, Lloyd GK, McBride W, McConkey DJ, Miller CP, Neuteboom STC, Oki Y, Ovaa H, Pajonk F, Richardson PG, Roccaro AM, Sloss CM, Spear MA, Valashi E, Younes A, Palladino MA. Marizomib, a proteasome inhibitor for all seasons: preclinical profile and a framework for clinical trials. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 11:254-84. [PMID: 21247382 DOI: 10.2174/156800911794519716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome has emerged as an important clinically relevant target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Since the Food and Drug Administration approved the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma, it has become clear that new inhibitors are needed that have a better therapeutic ratio, can overcome inherent and acquired bortezomib resistance and exhibit broader anti-cancer activities. Marizomib (NPI-0052; salinosporamide A) is a structurally and pharmacologically unique β-lactone-γ-lactam proteasome inhibitor that may fulfill these unmet needs. The potent and sustained inhibition of all three proteolytic activities of the proteasome by marizomib has inspired extensive preclinical evaluation in a variety of hematologic and solid tumor models, where it is efficacious as a single agent and in combination with biologics, chemotherapeutics and targeted therapeutic agents. Specifically, marizomib has been evaluated in models for multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia, as well as glioma, colorectal and pancreatic cancer models, and has exhibited synergistic activities in tumor models in combination with bortezomib, the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide (Revlimid), and various histone deacetylase inhibitors. These and other studies provided the framework for ongoing clinical trials in patients with MM, lymphomas, leukemias and solid tumors, including those who have failed bortezomib treatment, as well as in patients with diagnoses where other proteasome inhibitors have not demonstrated significant efficacy. This review captures the remarkable translational studies and contributions from many collaborators that have advanced marizomib from seabed to bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Potts
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Mojic M, Timotijevic G, Miljkovic D, Mangano K, Donia M, Di Cataldo A, Al-Abed Y, Cheng KF, Stosic-Grujicic S, Nicoletti F. Cytotoxic and immune-sensitizing properties of nitric oxide-modified saquinavir in iNOS-positive human melanoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1803-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Labussière M, Pinel S, Vandamme M, Plénat F, Chastagner P. Radiosensitizing Properties of Bortezomib Depend on Therapeutic Schedule. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 79:892-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vlashi E, Mattes M, Lagadec C, Donna LD, Phillips TM, Nikolay P, McBride WH, Pajonk F. Differential Effects of the Proteasome Inhibitor NPI-0052 against Glioma Cells. Transl Oncol 2010; 3:50-5. [PMID: 20165695 PMCID: PMC2822455 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are emerging as a new class of cancer therapeutics, and bortezomib has shown promise in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, bortezomib has failed to have an effect in preclinical models of glioma. NPI-0052 is a new generation of proteasome inhibitors with increased potency and strong inhibition of all three catalytic activities of the 26S proteasome. In this article, we test the antitumor efficacy of NPI-0052 against glioma, as a single agent and in combination with temozolomide and radiation using five different glioma lines. The intrinsic radiation sensitivities differed for all the lines and correlated with their PTEN expression status. In vitro, NPI-0052 showed a dose-dependent toxicity, and its combination with temozolomide resulted in radiosensitization of only the cell lines with a mutated p53. The effect of NPI-0052 as a single agent on glioma xenografts in vivo was only modest in controlling tumor growth, and it failed to radiosensitize the glioma xenografts to fractionated radiation. We conclude that NPI-0052 is not a suitable drug for the treatment of malignant gliomas despite its efficacy in other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Malcom Mattes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chann Lagadec
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorenza Della Donna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Phillips
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Polin Nikolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mroczkiewicz M, Winkler K, Nowis D, Placha G, Golab J, Ostaszewski R. Studies of the Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of MG-132 Proteasome Inhibitors in the Tumor Targeting Approach. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1509-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901619n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Mroczkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winkler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Placha
- Department of Internal Diseases, Hypertension, and Vascular Disease, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Ljungman
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Lin CP, Ban Y, Lyu YL, Liu LF. Proteasome-dependent processing of topoisomerase I-DNA adducts into DNA double strand breaks at arrested replication forks. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28084-28092. [PMID: 19666469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible topoisomerase I (Top1)-DNA cleavage complexes are the key DNA lesion induced by anticancer camptothecins (CPTs) (e.g. topotecan and irinotecan) as well as structurally perturbed DNAs (e.g. oxidatively damaged, UV-irradiated, or alkylated DNA). It has been proposed that Top1 cleavage complexes arrest advancing replication forks, triggering the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) because of replication fork runoff at the Top1 cleavage complex sites on the leading strand. In this study, we show that the formation of replication-dependent DSBs requires the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in CPT-treated cells. First, the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 specifically inhibited CPT-induced but not ionizing radiation- or hydroxyurea-induced DSBs as revealed by both the neutral comet assay and measurements of the specific DNA damage signals (e.g. gamma-H2AX, phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Ser-1981), and phosphorylated Chk2 (Ser-33/35)) that are characteristic for DSBs. Knocking down the 20 S proteasome maturation protein also supported the requirement of the proteasome activity for CPT-induced DSBs. Second, CPT-induced DSB signals were shown to require ubiquitin, ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a CUL-3-based ubiquitin ligase (E3), and the formation of Lys-48-linked polyubiquitin chains on Top1. Third, immunocytochemical studies revealed that the CPT-induced formation of gamma-H2AX foci occurred at the replication forks and was attenuated by co-treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. In the aggregate, these results support a replication fork collision model in which Top1 cleavage complexes at the arrested replication forks are degraded by proteasome prior to replication fork runoff on the leading strand to generate DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Po Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Yi Lisa Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Leroy F Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635.
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Dai Y, DeSano JT, Meng Y, Ji Q, Ljungman M, Lawrence TS, Xu L. Celastrol potentiates radiotherapy by impairment of DNA damage processing in human prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74:1217-25. [PMID: 19545787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Celastrol is an active ingredient of traditional herbal medicine and has recently been identified as a potent natural proteasome inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing potential of celastrol in the human prostate cancer PC-3 model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the radiosensitizing effect of celastrol. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining and by a caspase-3 activation assay. DNA damage processing was examined by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot for phosphorylated H2AX (gammaH2AX). The PC-3 xenograft model in the athymic nude mouse was used for the determination of the in vivo efficacy of celastrol combined with radiotherapy. The tumor samples were also analyzed for apoptosis and angiogenesis. RESULTS Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in a dose- and schedule-dependent manner, in which pretreatment with celastrol for 1 h followed by IR achieved maximal radiosensitization. Celastrol significantly prolonged the presence of IR-induced gammaH2AX and increased IR-induced apoptosis. Celastrol, combined with fractionated radiation, significantly inhibited PC-3 tumor growth in vivo without obvious systemic toxicity. The combination treatment increased gammaH2AX levels and apoptosis, induced cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase and Mcl-1, and reduced angiogenesis in vivo compared with either treatment alone. CONCLUSION Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo by impairing DNA damage processing and augmenting apoptosis. Celastrol might represent a promising new adjuvant regimen for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5637, USA
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Vlashi E, Kim K, Lagadec C, Donna LD, McDonald JT, Eghbali M, Sayre JW, Stefani E, McBride W, Pajonk F. In vivo imaging, tracking, and targeting of cancer stem cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:350-9. [PMID: 19244169 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djn509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that solid cancers contain cancer-initiating cells (CICs) that are capable of regenerating a tumor that has been surgically removed and/or treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Currently, cell surface markers, like CD133 or CD44, are used to identify CICs in vitro; however, these markers cannot be used to identify and track CICs in vivo. The 26S proteasome is the main regulator of many processes within a proliferating cell, and its activity may be altered depending on the phenotype of a cell. METHODS Human glioma and breast cancer cells were engineered to stably express ZsGreen fused to the carboxyl-terminal degron of ornithine decarboxylase, resulting in a fluorescent fusion protein that accumulates in cells in the absence of 26S proteasome activity; activities of individual proteases were monitored in a plate reader by detecting the cleavage of fluorogenic peptide substrates. Proteasome subunit expression in cells expressing the fusion protein was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the stem cell phenotype of CICs was assessed by a sphere formation assay, by immunohistochemical staining for known stem cell markers in vitro, and by analyzing their tumorigenicity in vivo. CICs were tracked by in vivo fluorescence imaging after radiation treatment of tumor-bearing mice and targeted specifically via a thymidine kinase-degron fusion construct. All P values were derived from two-sided tests. RESULTS Cancer cells grown as sphere cultures in conditions, which enrich for cancer stem cells (CSCs), had decreased proteasome activity relative to the respective monolayers (percent decrease in chymotryptic-like activity of sphere cultures relative to monolayers--U87MG: 26.64%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.19 to 43.10, GL261, 52.91%, 95% CI = 28.38 to 77.43). The cancer cells with low proteasome activity can thus be monitored in vitro and in vivo by the accumulation of a fluorescent protein (ZsGreen) fused to a degron that targets it for 26S proteasome degradation. In vitro, ZsGreen-positive cells had increased sphere-forming capacity, expressed CSC markers, and lacked differentiation markers compared with ZsGreen-negative cells. In vivo, ZsGreen-positive cells were approximately 100-fold more tumorigenic than ZsGreen-negative cells when injected into nude mice (ZsGreen positive, 30 mice per group; ZsGreen negative, 31 mice per group), and the number of CICs in tumors increased after 72 hours post radiation treatment. CICs were selectively targeted via a proteasome-dependent suicide gene, and their elimination in vivo led to tumor regression. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that reduced 26S proteasome activity is a general feature of CICs that can easily be exploited to identify, track, and target them in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Vlashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
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Newcomb EW, Lukyanov Y, Alonso-Basanta M, Esencay M, Smirnova I, Schnee T, Shao Y, Devitt ML, Zagzag D, McBride W, Formenti SC. Antiangiogenic effects of noscapine enhance radioresponse for GL261 tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 71:1477-84. [PMID: 18640497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of noscapine, a tubulin-binding drug, in combination with radiation in a murine glioma model. METHODS AND MATERIALS The human T98G and murine GL261 glioma cell lines treated with noscapine, radiation, or both were assayed for clonogenic survival. Mice with established GL261 hind limb tumors were treated with noscapine, radiation, or both to evaluate the effect of noscapine on radioresponse. In a separate experiment with the same treatment groups, 7 days after radiation, tumors were resected and immunostained to measure proliferation rate, apoptosis, and angiogenic activity. RESULTS Noscapine reduced clonogenic survival without enhancement of radiosensitivity in vitro. Noscapine combined with radiation significantly increased tumor growth delay: 5, 8, 13, and 18 days for control, noscapine alone, radiation alone, and the combination treatment, respectively (p < 0.001). To assess the effect of the combination of noscapine plus radiation on the tumor vasculature, tubule formation by the murine endothelial 2H11 cells was tested. Noscapine with radiation significantly inhibited tubule formation compared with radiation alone. By immunohistochemistry, tumors treated with the combination of noscapine plus radiation showed a decrease in BrdU incorporation, an increase in apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling, and a decrease in tumor vessel density compared with tumors treated with radiation alone. CONCLUSION Noscapine enhanced the sensitivity of GL261 glioma tumors to radiation, resulting in a significant tumor growth delay. An antiangiogenic mechanism contributed to the effect. These findings are clinically relevant, particularly in view of the mild toxicity profile of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Insulin receptor substrate 1 modulates the transcriptional activity and the stability of androgen receptor in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 115:297-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Establishment of the expression system for studying the function of active caspase-3 in zebrafish. Mol Biol Rep 2007; 36:405-13. [PMID: 18080784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3, a key molecule in apoptosis, has been extensively studied in cell culture system; however, it has been less well characterized in vivo because certain mediators are required for the proteolytic activation of effector caspases, including caspase-3. In this study, various forms of caspase-3 with the C-terminal GFP tag were inserted into the pCS2+ plasmid, and the expression patterns of caspase-3 proteins were characterized in a zebrafish model system using microinjection of nucleic acids into zebrafish embryos. We have verified that active caspase-3 was generated by its autocatalytic activity under the condition of caspase-2 prodomain (C2P)-caspase-3-GFP overexpression, indicating that the C2P domain is crucial for the activation of caspase-3. We also confirmed that the C2P domain plays an important role in regulating the nuclear localization of the C2P-caspase-3 chimeric protein. We used this expression system to establish an animal model system suitable for the investigation of the functional characteristics of caspase-3 in vivo. Thus, our study provides a useful and specific tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms by which active caspase-3 regulates apoptosis during embryonic development.
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Murakawa Y, Sonoda E, Barber LJ, Zeng W, Yokomori K, Kimura H, Niimi A, Lehmann A, Zhao GY, Hochegger H, Boulton SJ, Takeda S. Inhibitors of the Proteasome Suppress Homologous DNA Recombination in Mammalian Cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8536-43. [PMID: 17875693 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are novel antitumor agents against multiple myeloma and other malignancies. Despite the increasing clinical application, the molecular basis of their antitumor effect has been poorly understood due to the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in multiple cellular metabolisms. Here, we show that treatment of cells with proteasome inhibitors has no significant effect on nonhomologous end joining but suppresses homologous recombination (HR), which plays a key role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. In this study, we treat human cells with proteasome inhibitors and show that the inhibition of the proteasome reduces the efficiency of HR-dependent repair of an artificial HR substrate. We further show that inhibition of the proteasome interferes with the activation of Rad51, a key factor for HR, although it does not affect the activation of ATM, gammaH2AX, or Mre11. These data show that the proteasome-mediated destruction is required for the promotion of HR at an early step. We suggest that the defect in HR-mediated DNA repair caused by proteasome inhibitors contributes to antitumor effect, as HR plays an essential role in cellular proliferation. Moreover, because HR plays key roles in the repair of DSBs caused by chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and by radiotherapy, proteasome inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of these treatments through the suppression of HR-mediated DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Murakawa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Luijsterburg MS, Goedhart J, Moser J, Kool H, Geverts B, Houtsmuller AB, Mullenders LHF, Vermeulen W, van Driel R. Dynamic in vivo interaction of DDB2 E3 ubiquitin ligase with UV-damaged DNA is independent of damage-recognition protein XPC. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:2706-16. [PMID: 17635991 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.008367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2) has a high affinity for UV-damaged DNA and has been implicated in the initial steps of global genome nucleotide excision repair (NER) in mammals. DDB2 binds to CUL4A and forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, we have analyzed the properties of DDB2 and CUL4A in vivo. The majority of DDB2 and CUL4A diffuse in the nucleus with a diffusion rate consistent with a high molecular mass complex. Essentially all DDB2 binds to UV-induced DNA damage, where each molecule resides for approximately 2 minutes. After the induction of DNA damage, DDB2 is proteolytically degraded with a half-life that is two orders of magnitude larger than its residence time on a DNA lesion. This indicates that binding to damaged DNA is not the primary trigger for DDB2 breakdown. The bulk of DDB2 binds to and dissociates from DNA lesions independently of damage-recognition protein XPC. Moreover, the DDB2-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase is bound to many more damaged sites than XPC, suggesting that there is little physical interaction between the two proteins. We propose a scenario in which DDB2 prepares UV-damaged chromatin for assembly of the NER complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Nuclear Organisation Group, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gangopadhyay S, Karmakar P, Dasgupta U, Chakraborty A. Trifluoperazine stimulates ionizing radiation induced cell killing through inhibition of DNA repair. Mutat Res 2007; 633:117-25. [PMID: 17627868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of trifluoperazine (TFP), a phenothiazine derivative antipsychotic drug, on ionizing radiation (IR) induced cell killing through inhibition of DNA repair was investigated in human cell lines. In clonogenic survival assay, TFP augmented IR induced cell killing. Also, TFP enhanced micronucleus formation in irradiated human lymphocytes. The effect of TFP and other known DNA repair inhibitors like wortmannin and caffeine, on irradiated cells, was compared by MTT assay. On the other hand, TFP failed to increase the toxicity induced by H2O2. Repair of DNA double strand breaks induced by IR was markedly inhibited by TFP, as determined by field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE). Further, TFP increased radiation induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by enhanced G2/M arrest. Thus, our results strongly suggest that TFP inhibits repair of DNA damage induced by IR, which significantly implicates the possibility of using TFP as an adjuvant to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Gangopadhyay
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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