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Detiger SE, Paridaens D, Kemps PG, van Halteren AGS, van Hagen PM, van Laar JAM, Verdijk RM. Histological evidence of MAPK pathway activation across subtypes of adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease irrespective of the detection of oncogenic mutations. Clin Immunol 2024; 265:110299. [PMID: 38936524 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease (AOXGD) is a spectrum of histiocytoses with four subtypes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations have been detected in various histiocytic neoplasms, little is known about this in AOXGD. Targeted regions of cancer- and histiocytosis-related genes were analyzed and immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated ERK (pERK), cyclin D1 and PU.1 was performed in 28 AOXGD and 10 control xanthelasma biopsies to assess MAPK pathway activation. Mutations were detected in 7/28 (25%) patients. Positive staining for pERK and/or cyclin D1 was found across all subtypes in 17/27 (63%) patients of whom 12/17 (71%) did not harbour a mutation. Xanthelasma tissue stained negative for pERK and cyclin D1. Relapse occurred in 5/7 (71%) patients with a MAPK pathway mutation compared to 8/21 (38%) patients in whom no mutation could be detected. Molecular analysis and evaluation for systemic disease is warranted to identify patients at risk of recurrent xanthomatous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Detiger
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Paridaens
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P G Kemps
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A G S van Halteren
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Clinical Immunology & Allergology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; On behalf of the HOVON Histiocytic and Lymphocytic Diseases Working Group
| | - P M van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Clinical Immunology & Allergology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A M van Laar
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Clinical Immunology & Allergology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; On behalf of the HOVON Histiocytic and Lymphocytic Diseases Working Group
| | - R M Verdijk
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zantut-Wittmann DE, Barreto IS, Laus AC, Moreno DA, Moma CA, Maia FFR, Assumpção LVMD, Reis RM. PD-L1 and MCL-1 markers and the relationship with prognostic characteristics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 570:111931. [PMID: 37072108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MCL-1 and PD-L1 proteins are related to carcinogenesis mechanisms in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC). Tumor antigens stimulate the expression of PD-1 in immune cells, which binds to PD-L1 of tumor cells, inducing immune escape from the tumor. MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family, is necessary for the survival of T and B lymphocytes and has a high oncogenic potential. We aim to evaluate the clinical utility and relevance of MCL-1 and PD-L1 in the long-term prognosis of DTC. METHODS 120 DTC patients after total thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy followed for a minimum of 2 years were included. Demographic features, tumor histopathology, persistence/recurrence risk, factors associated with outcome, initial response to therapy, persistence or disease-free at the follow-up were related to MCL-1 and PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression and BRAFV600E mutation. RESULTS 100(83.3%) were women, 46.64 ± 16.73 years old at diagnosis; 37(30.8%) patients were at high, 45(37.5%) of intermediate and 38(31.7%) of low disease recurrence/persistence risk. At the end of follow-up of 124.86 ± 65.36 months, 48(42.5%) had persistent disease. 103(85.8%) patients had papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 17(14.2%) follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). In PTC, moderate/strong PD-L1 and MCL-1 expressions were associated to BRAFV600E (p=0.0467; p=0.0044). PD-L1 was also associated with tall cell subtype (p=0.0274). In FTC, weak PD-L1 expression was associated to the largest nodule diameter (p=0.0100). Strong/moderate PD-L1 expression was associated to T2 and the weak expression with T3 in TNM classification (p=0.0490). Moderate MCL-1 expression was associated to smoking (p=0.0350). CONCLUSIONS PDL-1, marker of progression of tumor cells and MCL-1, anti-apoptotic marker, were associated with PTC carrying BRAFV600E mutation, while PDL-1 was associated with more aggressive PTC subtype. MCL-1 and PD-L1 could be useful in composing a panel to assess the prognosis of PTC patients. On the other hand, both markers seemed to have lower relevance to FTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Icleia Siqueira Barreto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Aparecida Moma
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Fernandes Ribeiro Maia
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Vera Montali da Assumpção
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Garces S, Medeiros LJ, Marques-Piubelli ML, Coelho Siqueira SA, Miranda RN, Cuglievan B, Sriganeshan V, Medina AM, Garces JC, Saluja K, Bhattacharjee MB, Khoury JD, Li S, Xu J, Jelloul FZ, Thakral B, Cameron Yin C. Cyclin D1 expression in Rosai-Dorfman disease: A near constant finding that is not invariably associated with MAPK/ERK pathway activation. Hum Pathol 2022; 121:36-45. [PMID: 34995673 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the MAPK/ERK pathway have been shown in nearly half of cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). Cyclin D1, a key cell cycle regulator, constitutes a major downstream target of the MAPK/ERK pathway. In this study, we aim to further understand the pathogenesis of RDD by assessing the lesional histiocytes for cyclin D1, p-ERK, Ki-67 and BCL2 by immunohistochemistry We assessed 35 samples of RDD and a control group of histiocyte-rich reactive lesions. Cyclin D1 was expressed in about 90% of cases of RDD. Cyclin D1 was positive in 25-95% (median, 85%) of lesional histiocytes, was moderately/strongly expressed in 97% of cyclin D1-positive cases, and was significantly higher than in control specimens. p-ERK was positive in 16 of 30 (53%) cases of RDD and was negative in all controls. Whereas all p-ERK-positive RDD cases had concurrent cyclin D1 expression, over a third of cyclin D1-positive cases were negative for p-ERK. Ki-67 was low in RDD (median, 3%). BCL-2 was positive in lesional histiocytes in nine of 10 RDD cases assessed and was negative Overall, these findings point to unexpected, potential roles of these molecules in the pathogenesis of RDD. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in the absence of ERK phosphorylation in a subset of RDD cases opens the possibility of oncogenic mechanisms bypassing ERK, and supports the notion that cyclin D1 overexpression in RDD is multifactorial. Moreover, the observed lack of correlation between cyclin D1 with Ki-67 proliferative index suggests that prosurvival actions of cyclin D1 are, at least in part, cell-cycle independent. Finally, expression of BCL-2 and the low Ki-67 index suggest that RDD might be driven by anti-apoptotic rather than pro-proliferative oncogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Luiz Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Hematopathology; Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Branko Cuglievan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ana Maria Medina
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Garces
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Karan Saluja
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology
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Pereira D, Lima RT, Palmeira A, Seca H, Soares J, Gomes S, Raimundo L, Maciel C, Pinto M, Sousa E, Helena Vasconcelos M, Saraiva L, Cidade H. Design and synthesis of new inhibitors of p53–MDM2 interaction with a chalcone scaffold. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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The anti-cancer effects of phenformin in thyroid cancer cell lines and in normal thyrocytes. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6432-6443. [PMID: 31741708 PMCID: PMC6849649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenformin is a biguanide drug which, besides the original anti-diabetic effect, also exerts anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to further characterize these latter in terms of both cell-viability and modulation of the secretion of the pro-tumorigenic chemokine CXCL8. Normal human thyrocytes in primary cultures (NHT) and thyroid cancer cell lines, TPC-1 and 8505C (RET/PTC and BRAFV600E mutated, respectively) were treated with increasing concentrations of phenformin at different times. Cell-viability was assessed by WST-1 and further characterized by AnnexinV/PI staining and cell proliferation colony-assay. CXCL8 levels were measured in cell supernatants. Phenformin reduced cell-viability in TPC-1 and 8505C and their ability to form colonies. In NHT cells, phenformin affected cell-viability only at the maximal dose but interestingly it inhibited CXCL8 secretion at all the concentrations not affecting cell-viability. Phenformin had no effect on CXCL8 secretion in thyroid cancer cell lines. Thus, phenformin exerts anti-cancer effects on both cancer cells (cell death induction) and surrounding normal cells (inhibition of CXCL8 secretion). These results highlight that the anti-cancer effects of phenformin are multifaceted and effective on both solid and soluble components of the tumor-microenvironment.
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Lima RT, Sousa D, Gomes AS, Mendes N, Matthiesen R, Pedro M, Marques F, Pinto MM, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH. The Antitumor Activity of a Lead Thioxanthone is Associated with Alterations in Cholesterol Localization. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123301. [PMID: 30545153 PMCID: PMC6321308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel anticancer small molecules and strategies remains a challenge. Our previous studies have identified TXA1 (1-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino}-4-propoxy-9H- thioxanthen-9-one) as a hit compound, with in vitro antitumor potential by modulating autophagy and apoptosis in human tumor cell lines. In the present study, the mechanism of action and antitumor potential of the soluble salt of this molecule (TXA1.HCl) was further investigated using in vitro and mouse xenograft tumor models of NSCLC. Our results showed that TXA1.HCl affected steroid biosynthesis, increased RagD expression, and caused abnormal cellular cholesterol localization. In addition, TXA1.HCl treatment presented no toxicity to nude mice and significantly reduced the growth of human NSCLC cells xenografts in mice. Overall, this work provides new insights into the mechanism of action of TXA1, which may be relevant for the development of anticancer therapeutic strategies, which target cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group-IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto; Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group-IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto; Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sara Gomes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mendes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- HEMS-Histology and Electron Microscopy-i3S, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, The Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 61150-082 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pedro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IUCS-Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Franklim Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group-IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto; Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Magalhães DB, Castro I, Lopes-Rodrigues V, Pereira JM, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Xavier CPR, Vasconcelos MH. Melissa officinalis L. ethanolic extract inhibits the growth of a lung cancer cell line by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Food Funct 2018; 9:3134-3142. [PMID: 29790547 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Melissa officinalis is a plant from the family Lamiaceae, native in Europe particularly in the Mediterranean region. Given our interest in identifying extracts and compounds capable of inhibiting tumor cell growth, and given the antioxidant content and the high consumption of Melissa officinalis in Portugal, this study aimed to test the tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of five different extracts of this plant (aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, hydromethanolic and hydroethanolic) in three human tumor cell lines: MCF-7, AGS and NCI-H460. All extracts decreased cell growth in all cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. The ethanolic extract was the most potent one, presenting a GI50 concentration of approximately 100.9 μg mL-1 in the NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. This extract was characterized by LC-DAD-ESI/MS regarding its phenolic composition, revealing rosmarinic acid as the most abundant compound. The GI75 concentration of this extract affected the cell cycle profile of these cells. In addition, both the GI50 and the GI75 concentrations of the extract induced cellular apoptosis. Moreover, treatment of NCI-H460 cells with this extract caused a decrease in pro-caspase 3 and an increase in p53 levels. This study emphasizes the relevance of the study of natural products as inhibitors of tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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mTOR Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Different Contributions of mTORC1 and mTORC2 Complexes for Tumor Behavior and SLC5A5 mRNA Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051448. [PMID: 29757257 PMCID: PMC5983778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is overactivated in thyroid cancer (TC). We previously demonstrated that phospho-mTOR expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and lower mRNA expression of SLC5A5 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), while phospho-S6 (mTORC1 effector) expression was associated with less aggressive clinicopathological features. The distinct behavior of the two markers led us to hypothesize that mTOR activation may be contributing to a preferential activation of the mTORC2 complex. To approach this question, we performed immunohistochemistry for phospho-AKT Ser473 (mTORC2 effector) in a series of 182 PTCs previously characterized for phospho-mTOR and phospho-S6 expression. We evaluated the impact of each mTOR complex on SLC5A5 mRNA expression by treating cell lines with RAD001 (mTORC1 blocker) and Torin2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2 blocker). Phospho-AKT Ser473 expression was positively correlated with phospho-mTOR expression. Nuclear expression of phospho-AKT Ser473 was significantly associated with the presence of distant metastases. Treatment of cell lines with RAD001 did not increase SLC5A5 mRNA levels, whereas Torin2 caused a ~6 fold increase in SLC5A5 mRNA expression in the TPC1 cell line. In PTC, phospho-mTOR activation may lead to the activation of the mTORC2 complex. Its downstream effector, phospho-AKT Ser473, may be implicated in distant metastization, therapy resistance, and downregulation of SLC5A5 mRNA expression.
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Bizarro A, Sousa D, Lima RT, Musso L, Cincinelli R, Zuco V, De Cesare M, Dallavalle S, Vasconcelos MH. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Tumor Cell Growth Inhibitory Potential of New Putative HSP90 Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020407. [PMID: 29438315 PMCID: PMC6017909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a well-known target for cancer therapy. In a previous work, some of us have reported a series of 3-aryl-naphtho[2,3-d]isoxazole-4,9-diones as inhibitors of HSP90. Methods: In the present work, various compounds with new chromenopyridinone and thiochromenopyridinone scaffolds were synthesized as potential HSP90 inhibitors. Their binding affinity to HSP90 was studied in vitro. Selected compounds (5 and 8) were further studied in various tumor cell lines regarding their potential to cause cell growth inhibition, alter the cell cycle profile, inhibit proliferation, and induce apoptosis. Their effect on HSP90 client protein levels was also confirmed in two cell lines. Finally, the antitumor activity of compound 8 was studied in A431 squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Results: Our results indicated that treatment with compounds 5 and 8 decreased the proliferation of tumor cell lines and compound 8 induced apoptosis. In addition, these two compounds were able to downregulate selected proteins known as “clients” of HSP90. Finally, treatment of xenografted mice with compound 5 resulted in a considerable dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusions: Our results show that two new compounds with a chromenopyridinone and thiochromenopyridinone scaffold are promising putative HSP90 inhibitors causing tumor cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bizarro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto (FFUP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Diana Sousa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto (FFUP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Cincinelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Vantina Zuco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione, IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione, IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto (FFUP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Sawa A, Chiba T, Ishii J, Yamamoto H, Hara H, Kamma H. Effects of sorafenib and an adenylyl cyclase activator on in vitro growth of well-differentiated thyroid cancer cells. Endocr J 2017; 64:1115-1123. [PMID: 28855436 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas have driver mutations involving growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or their intracellular signaling pathway, that is, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor of RTKs and the MAPK pathway and has recently been used for the treatment of unresectable well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In normal thyroid follicular cells, stimulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor activates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and promotes cell growth as well as hormonal secretion. However, an adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator, forskolin, has been reported to suppress the growth of thyroid carcinoma cells. To clarify the roles of the MAPK and cAMP pathways in proliferation of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma cells, we compared the effects of sorafenib and forskolin in in vitro models. Sorafenib inhibited constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (RB) in 3 well-differentiated carcinoma cell lines, but it did not show sufficiently effective suppression of cell growth. Forskolin significantly suppressed the growth of all 3 cell lines and also activated the cAMP pathway and inhibited expression of cyclin D1. Our results suggest that activation of the cAMP pathway could be more potent than activation of the MAPK pathway in suppressing proliferation of well-differentiated thyroid cancer cells. We postulate that the AC activator suppresses growth of thyroid carcinoma cells through undetermined mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sawa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka-shi, 181-8611, Japan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka-shi, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Ishii
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka-shi, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka-shi, 181-8611, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hisato Hara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka-shi, 181-8611, Japan
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Cyclin D1 Is Expressed in Neoplastic Cells of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis but Not Reactive Langerhans Cell Proliferations. Am J Surg Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Lima RT, Sousa D, Paiva AM, Palmeira A, Barbosa J, Pedro M, Pinto MM, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH. Modulation of Autophagy by a Thioxanthone Decreases the Viability of Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101343. [PMID: 27735867 PMCID: PMC6274546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Our previous studies unveiled the hit thioxanthone TXA1 as an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (drug efflux pump) and of human tumor cells growth, namely of melanoma cells. Since TXA1 is structurally similar to lucanthone (an autophagy inhibitor and apoptosis inducer) and to N10-substituted phenoxazines (isosteres of thioxanthones, and autophagy inducers), this study aimed at further assessing its cytotoxic mechanism and evaluating its potential as an autophagy modulator in A375-C5 melanoma cells; (2) Methods: Flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) for cell cycle profile analysis; Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI labeling and Western blot for apoptosis analysis were conducted. A pharmacophore approach was used for mapping TXA1 onto pharmacophores for autophagy induction. Autophagy analyses included transmission electron microscopy for visualization of autophagic structures, fluorescence microscopy for observation of monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, pattern of LC3 expression in the cells and acridine orange staining, and Western blot for autophagic proteins expression; (3) Results: TXA1 induced autophagy of melanoma cells at the GI50 concentration (3.6 μM) and apoptosis at twice that concentration. Following treatment with TXA1, autophagic structures were observed, together with the accumulation of autophagosomes and the formation of autophagolysosomes. An increase in LC3-II levels was also observed, which was reverted by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (an early stage autophagy-inhibitor) but further increased by E-64d/pepstatin (late-stage autophagy inhibitors). Finally, 3-MA also reverted the effect of TXA1 in cellular viability; (4) Conclusion: TXA1 decreases the viability of melanoma cells by modulation of autophagy and may, therefore, serve as a lead compound for the development of autophagy modulators with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Paiva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Barbosa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IUCS-Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pedro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IUCS-Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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An Aqueous Extract of Tuberaria lignosa Inhibits Cell Growth, Alters the Cell Cycle Profile, and Induces Apoptosis of NCI-H460 Tumor Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050595. [PMID: 27164073 PMCID: PMC6273798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. is found in European regions, and has antioxidant properties due to its composition in ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Given its traditional use and antioxidant properties, the tumor cell growth inhibitory potential of aqueous extracts from T. lignosa (prepared by infusion and decoction) was investigated in three human tumor cell lines: MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), and HCT-15 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma). Both extracts inhibited the growth of these cell lines; the most potent one being the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion in the NCI-H460 cells (GI50 of approximately 50 μg/mL). Further assays were carried out with this extract in NCI-H460 cells. At 100 μg/mL or 150 μg/mL it caused an increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, these concentrations caused an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. In agreement, a decrease in total poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and pro-caspase 3 levels was found. In conclusion, the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion was more potent in NCI-H460 cells, altering the cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. This work highlights the importance of T. lignosa as a source of bioactive compounds with tumor cell growth inhibitory potential.
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14
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Castro L, Alves S, Chaves SR, Costa JL, Soares P, Preto A. RAF-1 promotes survival of thyroid cancer cells harboring RET/PTC1 rearrangement independently of ERK activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:64-75. [PMID: 26265449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is frequently associated with BRAF or RAS oncogenic mutations and RET/PTC rearrangements, with aberrant RAF-MEK-ERK and/or PI3K pathway activation. BRAF underlies ERK activation in most TC cells, but not in TPC-1 cells with RET/PTC1 rearrangement. Here, we show that depletion of RAF-1, a RAF family member with a poorly defined role in TC, decreases proliferation and increases apoptosis in TPC-1 cells and, less significantly, in cells harboring a BRAF(V600E) or HRAS(G13R) mutations, but without affecting ERK activation. We further demonstrate that constitutive activation of ERKs in TPC-1 cells is not caused by mutations in 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressors prone to activate the ERK pathway, or affected by inhibition of BRAF, MEK1/2 or PI3K. Our data indicate that RAF-1 is important for the survival of TPC-1 cells independently of the classical MEK1/2-ERK activation, offering new perspectives on RET/PTC signaling and for the therapy of thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Castro
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Alves
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana R Chaves
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Luis Costa
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Preto
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link Fruiting Body Reduces the Growth of a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line by Increasing Cellular Levels of p53 and p21. Molecules 2015; 20:13927-40. [PMID: 26263965 PMCID: PMC6332316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link, an edible entomopathogenic fungus widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, has numerous potential medicinal properties including antitumor activity. The methanolic extract of C. militaris fruiting body was recently shown to have tumor cell growth inhibitory activity in several human tumor cell lines. Nonetheless, the mechanism of action involved is still not known. This work aimed at further studying the effect of the methanolic extract of C. militaris regarding its antitumor mechanism of action, using the non-small cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460) as a model. Results showed that treatment with the extract decreased cellular proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and increased apoptosis. In addition, the extract increased the levels of p53 and p21. Moreover, an increase in p-H2A.X and 53BP1 levels, together with an increase in the number of 53BP1 foci/cell (all indicative of DNA damage), were also observed after treatment with the extract. This work suggests that this extract affected NCI-H460 cellular viability through a mechanism involving DNA damage and p53 activation. This further supports the potential of this extract as a source of bioactive compounds, which may be used in anticancer strategies.
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Broecker-Preuss M, Müller S, Britten M, Worm K, Schmid KW, Mann K, Fuhrer D. Sorafenib inhibits intracellular signaling pathways and induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in thyroid carcinoma cells irrespective of histological origin or BRAF mutational status. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:184. [PMID: 25879531 PMCID: PMC4377064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with dedifferentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas currently lack appropriate treatment options. Kinase inhibitors are among the most promising new agents as alternative strategies. The BRAF- and multi-kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, has already shown antitumor effects in thyroid carcinoma patients in a phase III clinical trial. In this study we aim to better characterize molecular effects and efficacy of sorafenib against thyroid carcinoma cells with various histological origins and different BRAF mutational status. Analysis of different signaling pathways affected by sorafenib may contribute to assist a more specific therapy choice with fewer side effects. Twelve thyroid carcinoma cell lines derived from anaplastic, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas with wildtype or mutationally activated BRAF were treated with sorafenib. Growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, cell death induction and inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways were then comprehensively analyzed. METHODS Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay, and the cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Cell death was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase liberation assays, caspase activity assays and subG1 peak determinations. Inhibition of intracellular pathways was analyzed in dot blot and western blot analyses. RESULTS Sorafenib inhibited proliferation of all thyroid carcinoma cell lines tested with IC50 values ranging between 1.85 and 4.2 μM. Cells derived from papillary carcinoma harboring the mutant BRAF (V600E) allele were slightly more sensitive to sorafenib than those harboring wildtype BRAF. Cell cycle analyses and caspase assays showed a sorafenib-dependent induction of apoptosis in all cell lines, whereas increased lactate dehydrogenase release suggested cell membrane disruption. Sorafenib treatment caused a rapid inhibition of various MAP kinases in addition to inhibiting AKT and receptor tyrosine kinases. CONCLUSIONS Sorafenib inhibited multiple intracellular signaling pathways in thyroid carcinoma cells, which resulted in cell cycle arrest and the initiation of apoptosis. Sorafenib was effective against all thyroid carcinoma cell lines regardless of their tumor subtype origin or BRAF status, confirming that sorafenib is therapeutically beneficial for patients with any subtype of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. Inhibition of single intracellular targets of sorafenib in thyroid carcinoma cells may allow the development of more specific therapeutic intervention with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Broecker-Preuss
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Martin Britten
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: University Hospital Essen, Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Mann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Center of Endocrinology Alter Hof München, Dienerstr. 12, 80331, München, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fuhrer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
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17
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Alao JP, Michlikova S, Dinér P, Grøtli M, Sunnerhagen P. Selective inhibition of RET mediated cell proliferation in vitro by the kinase inhibitor SPP86. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:853. [PMID: 25409876 PMCID: PMC4252022 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RET tyrosine kinase receptor has emerged as a target in thyroid and endocrine resistant breast cancer. We previously reported the synthesis of kinase inhibitors with potent activity against RET. Herein, we have further investigated the effect of the lead compound SPP86 on RET mediated signaling and proliferation. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that SPP86 may be useful for studying the cellular activity of RET. METHODS We compared the effects of SPP86 on RET-induced signaling and proliferation in thyroid cancer cell lines expressing RET-PTC1 (TPC1), or the activating mutations BRAFV600E (8505C) and RASG13R (C643). The effect of SPP86 on RET- induced phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK pathway signaling and cell proliferation in MCF7 breast cancer cells was also investigated. RESULTS SPP86 inhibited MAPK signaling and proliferation in RET/PTC1 expressing TPC1 but not 8505C or C643 cells. In TPC1 cells, the inhibition of RET phosphorylation required co-exposure to SPP86 and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF573228. In MCF7 cells, SPP86 inhibited RET- induced phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK signaling and estrogen receptorα (ERα) phosphorylation, and inhibited proliferation to a similar degree as tamoxifen. Interestingly, SPP86 and PF573228 inhibited RET/PTC1 and GDNF- RET induced activation of Akt and MAPK signaling to a similar degree. CONCLUSION SPP86 selectively inhibits RET downstream signaling in RET/PTC1 but not BRAFV600E or RASG13R expressing cells, indicating that downstream kinases were not affected. SPP86 also inhibited RET signaling in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Additionally, RET- FAK crosstalk may play a key role in facilitating PTC1/RET and GDNF- RET induced activation of Akt and MAPK signaling in TPC1 and MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Alao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Faustino A, Couto JP, Pópulo H, Rocha AS, Pardal F, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Lopes JM, Sobrinho-Simões M, Soares P. mTOR pathway overactivation in BRAF mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1139-49. [PMID: 22549934 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There are several genetic and molecular evidences suggesting dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in thyroid neoplasia. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathway by RET/PTC and mutant RAS has already been demonstrated, but no data have been reported for the BRAF(V600E) mutation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the activation pattern of the mTOR pathway in malignant thyroid lesions and whether it may be correlated with known genetic alterations, as well as to explore the mechanisms underlying mTOR pathway activation in these neoplasias. RESULTS We observed, by immunohistochemical evaluation, an up-regulation/activation of the mTOR pathway proteins in thyroid cancer, particularly in conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC). Overactivation of the mTOR signaling was particularly evident in cPTC samples harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation. Transfection assays with BRAF expression vectors as well as BRAF knockdown by small interfering RNA revealed a positive association between BRAF expression and mTOR pathway activation, which appears to be mediated by pLKB1 Ser428, and emerged as a possible mechanism contributing to the association between BRAF mutation and mTOR pathway up-regulation. When we evaluated the rapamycin in the growth of thyroid cancer cell lines, we detected that cell lines with activating mutations in the MAPK pathway show a higher sensitivity to this drug. CONCLUSIONS We determined that the AKT/mTOR pathway is particularly overactivated in human cPTC harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation. Moreover, our results suggest that the mTOR pathway could be a good target to enhance therapy effects in certain types of thyroid carcinoma, namely in those harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Faustino
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology, Porto, Portugal
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Dinets A, Hulchiy M, Sofiadis A, Ghaderi M, Höög A, Larsson C, Zedenius J. Clinical, genetic, and immunohistochemical characterization of 70 Ukrainian adult cases with post-Chornobyl papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:1049-60. [PMID: 22457234 PMCID: PMC3361791 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is observed as a consequence of radiation exposure in connection to the Chornobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986. In this study, we report a cohort of adult Ukrainian patients diagnosed with PTC from 2004 to 2008 following exposure at the age of 18 years or younger. METHODS In total, 70 patients were identified and clinically characterized. The common BRAF 1799T>A mutation was assessed by pyrosequencing, the RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 (NCOA4) rearrangements by RT-PCR, and the expression of Ki-67 (MIB-1 index), BCL2, cyclin A, and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In total, 46/70 (66%) cases carried a BRAF mutation and/or a RET/PTC rearrangement. A BRAF mutation was detected in 26 tumors, RET/PTC1 in 20 cases, and RET/PTC3 in four cases. In four of these cases, BRAF mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement were coexisting. The BRAF mutation was underrepresented among PTCs with accompanying chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) compared with PTCs without this feature (12 vs 44%). MIB-1 proliferation index determined by double staining with leukocyte common antigen was low (mean 0.8%; range 0.05-4.5%). Moreover, increased expression of cyclin A was observed in PTCs with a tumor size >2 cm compared with PTCs ≤2 cm (1.2 vs 0.6%). BCL2 and cyclin D1 showed frequent expression but without associations to clinical characteristics or amplification of the CCND1 locus. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that this cohort has frequent BRAF mutation, RET/PTC1 rearrangement, and low proliferation index. Furthermore, BRAF 1799T>A was underrepresented in PTCs with CLT, and cyclin A expression was associated with increased PTC tumor size.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/etiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclin A/analysis
- Cyclin D1/analysis
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivators/genetics
- Patched Receptors
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Thyroid Neoplasms/chemistry
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- USSR
- Ukraine/epidemiology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Dinets
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
- Kyiv City Teaching Endocrinological Center01034, KyivUkraine
- (Correspondence should be addressed to A Dinets at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; ; C Larsson at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; )
| | - Mykola Hulchiy
- Kyiv City Teaching Endocrinological Center01034, KyivUkraine
| | - Anastasios Sofiadis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet17176, StockholmSweden
- Department of Pathology-CytologyKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
- (Correspondence should be addressed to A Dinets at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; ; C Larsson at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; )
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
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Park KS, Kim JB, Bae J, Park SY, Jee HG, Lee KE, Youn YK. Berberine inhibited the growth of thyroid cancer cell lines 8505C and TPC1. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:346-51. [PMID: 22318822 PMCID: PMC3282951 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.2.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in Korean females and can be treated with good prognosis. However, drugs to treat aggressive types of thyroid cancer such as poorly differentiated or anaplastic thyroid cancer have not yet been established. To that end, we analyzed the effects of berberine on human thyroid cancer cell lines to determine whether this compound is useful in the treatment of aggressive thyroid cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The two thyroid cancer cell lines 8505C and TPC1, under adherent culture conditions, were treated with berberine and analyzed for changes in cell growth, cell cycle duration, and degree of apoptosis. RESULTS Following berberine treatment, both cell lines showed a dose-dependent reduction in growth rate. 8505C cells showed significantly increased levels of apoptosis following berberine treatment, whereas TPC1 cells showed cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Immunobloting of p-27 expression following berberine treatment showed that berberine induced a little up-regulation of p-27 in 8505c cells but relatively high up-regulation of p-27 in TPC1 cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that berberine treatment of thyroid cancer can inhibit proliferation through apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest. Thus, berberine may be a novel anticancer drug for the treatment of poorly differentiated or anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sik Park
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Bin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeman Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Young Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gun Jee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo-Kyu Youn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Short hairpin RNA-mediated fibronectin knockdown delays tumor growth in a mouse glioma model. Neoplasia 2011; 12:837-47. [PMID: 20927322 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. Glioma progression depends on the rapid proliferation of tumor cells accompanied by an acute immunosuppressive environment, facilitated mainly by tumor infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we characterize the role of fibronectin, a high-molecular weight extracellular matrix glycoprotein secreted by tumor cells, in controlling glioma progression and in mediating immunosuppression. Fibronectin binds to membrane-spanning integrin receptors and plays an important role in cell signaling, in defining cellular shape, in mobility, and in regulating the cell cycle. We found that inhibition of fibronectin expression in glioma cells, using short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of gene expression, delayed cell proliferation in vitro. This delayed growth is explained, in part, by the observed reduced expression of integrin β(1) fibronectin receptor, which was restored by the inhibition of proteosomal activity. In our analysis of the downstream signaling targets of integrin β(1), we demonstrated reduced phosphorylation of Src kinase and STAT-3. We also observed reduced survivin expression that induced a three-fold increased accumulation of fibronectin-knockdown cells in the G(2)/M phase. In an experimental animal model, the fibronectin knockdown tumors had a mean survival advantage of 23 days over wild-type tumors. Moreover, brain samples of animals bearing fibronectin-knockdown tumors showed delayed Treg recruitment. Collectively, we propose that fibronectin is a key mediator of glioma progression because its inhibition delays both tumor progression and immunosuppression.
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is an inhibitor of multiple-receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis, which can be advantageously administered orally. Initially used as monotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma, sorafenib was proven to increase progression-free survival while enhancing disease control. Clinical trials on sorafenib are at present ongoing for the treatment of various malignancies, including thyroid cancer (TC). SUMMARY Specifically, in two phase II studies recently conducted on papillary TC, although the respective results were not entirely compatible as regard partial response rate and progression-free survival, sorafenib demonstrated a relatively favorable benefit/risk profile. In another more recent phase II study, whose primary endpoint was the reinduction of radioactive iodine uptake at 26 weeks, although no reinduction of radioactive iodine uptake was observed, 59% had a beneficial response and 34% had stable disease. Sorafenib hence appears to be a valid alternative to conventional treatment of metastatic papillary TC refractory to radioiodine therapy. CONCLUSIONS Further prospective investigations are required to define the characteristics of tumor response to the drug and the factors inducing resistance to treatment. A major issue demanding immediate attention involves optimization of sorafenib treatment: this concerns multidrug combination with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunomodulating agents with the aim of reducing doses and thereby improving drug tolerability and antineoplastic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H Duntas
- Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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23
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BRAF(V600E) mutation influences hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression levels in papillary thyroid cancer. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:1052-60. [PMID: 20473281 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is found frequently overexpressed in solid tumors cells, exerting an important role in angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, survival and invasion. In thyroid carcinomas, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression was found increased in differentiated, poorly differentiated, medullary and anaplastic variants. Hypoxia represents the principal stimulus responsible for hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha induction. Other nonhypoxic stimuli increase hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha synthesis through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in a cell-type-specific manner. We have previously shown the role of BRAF(V600E) mutation in papillary thyroid cancer cells as a factor that facilitates tumor cell growth and progression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BRAF(V600E) mutation influences hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. We analyzed 27 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 13 of which presented BRAF(V600E) mutation. In tumor tissues, immunoreactivity for hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha was detected in the majority of analyzed BRAF(V600E) mutated cases. Transcriptional analyses revealed elevated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha levels with significant differences between wild-type and mutated group. A BRAF wild-type papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line and a BRAF(V600E) mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line were selected to study the effects of BRAF mutation on hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in vitro. Knockdown of mutant BRAF(V600E) or both the wild type and the BRAF(V600E) by RNA interference induced a significant reduction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression at mRNA and protein levels. Pharmacological inhibition of BRAF significantly reduces hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression levels in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line harboring BRAF(V600E) mutation. Our results suggest that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is expressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas and is regulated not only by hypoxia but also by BRAF(V600E)-mediated signaling pathway.
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Köllermann J, Albrecht H, Schlomm T, Huland H, Graefen M, Bokemeyer C, Simon R, Sauter G, Wilczak W. Activating BRAF gene mutations are uncommon in hormone refractory prostate cancer in Caucasian patients. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:729-732. [PMID: 22966370 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the cytosolic serine/threonine kinase, BRAF, have been reported in a variety of neoplasms. BRAF activation may contribute to tumor growth via activation of the MAP/ERK kinase pathway, and BRAF represents a possible therapeutic target. Activating BRAF mutations were recently reported in approximately 10% of prostate cancer cases in Asian patients. In the present study, 43 hormone refractory prostate cancers were analyzed for BRAF mutations in order to determine whether anti-BRAF therapy is a suitable approach for advanced prostate cancer patients. In all of the studied tumors, BRAF exons 11 and 15 were PCR-amplified and sequenced, including the backward and forward sequences. BRAF mutations were noted only in the positive control tissues, but were not found in any of the 43 analyzed prostate cancers. We conclude that BRAF mutations occur only rarely in prostate cancers in Caucasian patients and are not associated with tumor progression. The application of anti-BRAF therapies may therefore not be beneficial for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Köllermann
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Eltville, Eltville/Rhein
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25
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Parameswaran R, Brooks S, Sadler GP. Molecular pathogenesis of follicular cell derived thyroid cancers. Int J Surg 2010; 8:186-93. [PMID: 20097316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancy. Radiation exposure, family history of thyroid cancer and some inherited conditions are the most important predisposing factors for the development of thyroid cancer. Three mitogenic signalling pathways have been described in the thyroid cell, which are influenced by various stimulatory and inhibitory hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters. Various proto-oncogenes and oncogenes like ras, braf, trk, met and RET also play a role in the signal transduction systems. Two theories have been described in thyroid cancer pathogenesis, the foetal cell carcinogenesis theory and the more common, multistep carcinogenesis theory. The multistep carcinogenesis theory is now the accepted model in many human cancers, including thyroid cancer. The early events of tumour formation are the consequence of activation of either various growth factors or the proto-oncogenes like ras, met or ret. This results in the formation of differentiated thyroid cancers like the papillary, follicular or Hurthle cell cancers. The later stages of tumour formation involve further activation of proto-oncogenes and loss or inactivation of tumour suppressor genes like p53. Based on this theory, follicular carcinomas are generated from follicular adenomas and papillary carcinomas from precursor cells generated from thyrocytes. Anaplastic carcinoma may develop from papillary or follicular carcinoma by dedifferentiation. In this review article, we highlight the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Parameswaran
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DY, United Kingdom
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