1
|
Csertő M, Mihályi K, Mendl E, Lőcsei D, Daum V, Szili N, Decsi T, Lohner S. Dietary Energy and Nutrient Intake of Healthy Pre-School Children in Hungary. Nutrients 2023; 15:2989. [PMID: 37447317 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet in the early years of life may influence the development of chronic diseases later on. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dietary intake of 2- to 6-year-old Hungarian children. In 2013 and subsequently in 2016, cross-sectional surveys were conducted among parents of healthy children attending kindergarten in Hungary. We used a three-day food diary to record quantitative data of all the nutrients consumed by the children on two working days and one weekend day. The dietary intakes were compared to both the Hungarian recommended dietary allowances and the European Food Safety Authority recommendations. The nutritional data of altogether 186 children in 2013 and 556 children in 2016 were analyzed. The total energy and carbohydrate intake was appropriate. We observed high sugar intake in every fifth child. Protein, fat and cholesterol intake, as well as the intake of sodium, potassium and phosphorus, were high. The consumption of calcium and vitamin D was low. Water consumption was not satisfying. The present results underline the need for interventions starting early in life in order to ameliorate nutrient intake during childhood, possibly impacting long-term health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Csertő
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Mihályi
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Mendl
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Lőcsei
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vivien Daum
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Directory of Nursing, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Szili
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monnard C, Fleith M. Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake among 1-7-Year-Old Children from 33 Countries: Comparison with International Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:3547. [PMID: 34684548 PMCID: PMC8537778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reviews available data on dietary intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in children in different countries worldwide and for the first time, compares them with recent international recommendations. Studies published before June 2021 reporting total fat, total SFA and individual PUFA intakes in children aged 1-7 y were included. Observed intakes were evaluated against FAO/WHO and EFSA recommendations. 65 studies from 33 countries were included. Fat intake was too low in 88% of studies in young children (1-3 y). SFA intake was >10%E in 69-73% of children, especially in Europe. Linoleic acid intake was <3%E in 24% of studies in 1-2 y olds and within FAO/WHO recommendations among all other ages. Alpha-linolenic acid intake was <0.5%E in almost half of studies. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid + DHA intakes were below recommendations in most studies. In summary, while total fat intake was too low among younger children, SFA intake was above, especially in Europe and n-3 PUFA intake, especially DHA, were below recommendations for all ages. Intake of n-3 PUFA, especially DHA, is generally suboptimal. More data, particularly from developing countries, are required to refine these findings and guide implementation of adapted nutrition policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona Monnard
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Skrzypek M, Koch W, Goral K, Soczyńska K, Poźniak O, Cichoń K, Przybysz O, Czop M. Analysis of the Diet Quality and Nutritional State of Children, Youth and Young Adults with an Intellectual Disability: A Multiple Case Study. Preliminary Polish Results. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093058. [PMID: 34578938 PMCID: PMC8470530 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Considering the limited amount of available data on the diet quality of children, adolescents, and young adults with an intellectual disability (ID) in Poland, as well as the higher incidence of nutritional disorders among people with ID in comparison to the general population, a study was conducted to assess the quality of diet in community-dwelling young individuals with ID. (2) Methods: A multiple-case study was carried out to obtain data on anthropometric parameters and food records over a three-day observation period for 18 subjects with ID. The nutritional value of the products and dishes consumed by the subjects was calculated using the commercial computer program Kcalmar.pro (Hermax, Poland), which contains the Polish database of the nutritional value of food products and dishes. The results presented here are those of a pilot study of a wider research project. (3) Results: The study group consisted of seven women (38.9%) and 11 men (61.1%) with an average age of 12.94 years (range 4.00-22.00) and an average BMI of 25.2 (range 14.5-35.4). The obtained results confirmed the suboptimal pattern of nutrition in children and adolescents with ID. Regarding energy intake and dietary macronutrients, only in 27.8% of cases, energy intake exceeded the Estimated Energy Requirement corresponding to age, sex, body weight, and height. Most of the respondents were characterized by correct intake of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and 83.3% showed excessive intake of saturated fatty acids. Excessive intake of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 was observed in all subjects, and that of vitamins B3 (niacin), B12, A, and C in the vast majority of subjects, while deficiency of vitamin D was observed in all individuals and folic acid in 22.2% of individuals. Excessive intake of minerals, such as sodium, phosphorus, and magnesium was noted among most of the respondents, while the intake of calcium and iodine was found to be insufficient. Compared to people with less severe ID (grades 1 and 2), people with grade 3 ID showed significantly lower intake/reference fulfillment of dietary components such as vitamin B6, potassium, phosphorus, iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, and zinc. No significant differences were noted in the nutritional reference fulfillment for various nutrients among the groups distinguished by sex, nutritional status, or the cause of ID. (4) Conclusion: Health supervision guidelines proposed for persons with ID should take into account the dietary practices of the families caring for them, with an emphasis on the prevention and correction of irregularities that may reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation and deteriorate the health of the affected people. Caregivers/parents of each person with ID who took part in the study were given individualized dietary advice aimed at correcting the dietary abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Skrzypek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.G.); (K.S.); (O.P.); (K.C.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Karolina Goral
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.G.); (K.S.); (O.P.); (K.C.); (O.P.)
| | - Klaudia Soczyńska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.G.); (K.S.); (O.P.); (K.C.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Poźniak
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.G.); (K.S.); (O.P.); (K.C.); (O.P.)
| | - Klaudia Cichoń
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.G.); (K.S.); (O.P.); (K.C.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Przybysz
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.G.); (K.S.); (O.P.); (K.C.); (O.P.)
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jafari A, Jalilpiran Y, Suitor K, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. The association of dietary choline and betaine and anthropometric measurements among Iranian children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:213. [PMID: 33931062 PMCID: PMC8086079 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that choline and betaine are associated with improved anthropometric measures including, BMI and waist circumference however, results are largely inconsistent and limited studies exist in children. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary choline and betaine, and anthropometric measurements among Iranian children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, dietary information was collected for 788 six-year-old children, who attended Tehran health centers in 2018. We measured dietary intakes using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The USDA database was used to calculate dietary choline and betaine. We assessed anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, and socio-demographic status based on a reliable and valid protocol. Logistic regression adjusted for energy, physical activity, socio-economic status, and maternal age, physical activity, BMI, and HEI2015 was used to assess this association. Results Free choline, glycero-phospho-choline, phospho-choline, phosphatidyl-choline, total choline, and total betaine, and choline were not related to overweight, obesity, underweight and wasting in the crude and adjusted model after controlling for children’s energy intake, children’s physical activity, socio-economic status, maternal physical activity, and BMI. Betaine intake was associated with mid-arm circumference and risk of overweight. Conclusions We did not find any evidence to support the association between dietary choline with anthropometric measurements among Iranian children. Further prospective studies with a large sample size in different populations are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran.,Nutritional Health Team (NHT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran. .,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Madrigal C, Soto-Méndez MJ, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Valero T, Lara Villoslada F, Leis R, Martínez de Victoria E, Moreno JM, Ortega RM, Ruiz-López MD, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Protein and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Findings of the EsNuPI Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:1062. [PMID: 33805229 PMCID: PMC8064310 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet in the first years of life is an important factor in growth and development. Dietary protein is a critical macronutrient that provides both essential and nonessential amino acids required for sustaining all body functions and procedures, providing the structural basis to maintain life and healthy development and growth in children. In this study, our aim was to describe the total protein intake, type and food sources of protein, the adequacy to the Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) by the Institute of Medicine (IoM). Furthermore, we analyzed whether the consumption of dairy products (including regular milk, dairy products, or adapted milk formulas) is associated with nutrient adequacy and the contribution of protein to diet and whole dietary profile in the two cohorts of the EsNuPI (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population) study; one cohort was representative of the Spanish population from one to <10 years old (n = 707) (Spanish reference cohort, SRS) who reported consuming all kinds of milk and one was a cohort of the same age who reported consuming adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, growing up milk, toddler's milk, and enriched and fortified milks) (n = 741) (adapted milk consumers cohort, AMS). The children of both cohorts had a high contribution from protein to total energy intake (16.79% SRS and 15.63% AMS) and a high total protein intake (60.89 g/day SRS and 53.43 g/day AMS). We observed that protein intake in Spanish children aged one to <10 years old was above the European and international recommendations, as well as the recommended percentages for energy intakes. The main protein sources were milk and dairy products (28% SRS and 29% AMS) and meat and meat products (27% SRS and 26% AMS), followed by cereals (16% SRS and 15% AMS), fish and shellfish (8% in both cohorts), eggs (5% SRS and 6% AMS), and legumes (4% in both cohorts). In our study population, protein intake was mainly from an animal origin (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, fish and shellfish, and eggs) rather than from a plant origin (cereals and legumes). Future studies should investigate the long-term effect of dietary protein in early childhood on growth and body composition, and whether high protein intake affects health later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casandra Madrigal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
| | - María José Soto-Méndez
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
| | | | - Rosaura Leis
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology and Nutrition University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Martínez de Victoria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno
- Pediatric Department, University of Navarra Clinic, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koo HC, Kaur S, Chan KQ, Soh WH, Ang YL, Chow WS, Hew MK, Wong SY, Yap MP. Whole-grain intake and its inverse relationships with fatty acids intake among multiethnic Malaysian schoolchildren. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:670-677. [PMID: 32250007 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the relationship of whole-grain intake with dietary fatty acids intake. The present study aimed to assess the whole-grain intake and its relationships with dietary fatty acids intake among multiethnic schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 schoolchildren aged 9-11 years, cluster sampled from five randomly selected schools in Kuala Lumpur. Whole-grain and fatty acids intakes were assessed by 3-day, 24-h diet recalls. All whole-grain foods were considered irrespective of the amount of whole grain they contained. RESULTS In total, 55.6% (n = 218) were whole-grain consumers. Mean (SD) daily intake of whole grain in the total sample was 5.13 (9.75) g day-1 . In the whole-grain consumer's only sample, mean (SD) intakes reached 9.23 (11.55) g day-1 . Significant inverse associations were found between whole-grain intake and saturated fatty acid (SAFA) intake (r = -0.357; P < 0.001), monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (r = -0.373; P < 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (r = -0.307; P < 0.001) intake. Furthermore, whole-grain intake was a significant predictor of SAFA (β = -0.077; P = 0.004), MUFA (β = -0.112; P = <0.001) and PUFA (β = -0.202; P = <0.001) intakes, after controlling for sex, age and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Whole-grain intake in Malaysia was well below recommendations. Schoolchildren who consumed higher whole grain tend to reduce fat intake; however, it would also reduce the SAFA, MUFA and PUFA intakes. Future collaboration may be conducted between industry, government and universities to promote unsaturated fatty acids-rich foods and whole-grain food, although not to promote processed whole-grain foods with a high sugar and salt content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Koo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Q Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W H Soh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y L Ang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W S Chow
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M K Hew
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Y Wong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M P Yap
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krzysztoszek J, Kleka P, Laudańska-Krzemińska I. Assessment of selected nutrient intake by Polish preschool children compared to dietary recommendations: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:635-647. [PMID: 32399113 PMCID: PMC7212230 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years a steady increase in the number of obese people has been observed worldwide. This problem is also increasingly applicable to children and adolescents. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies carried out in Poland over ten years (2005-2015) which analysed the diet of preschool children and assessed how significantly it affects the prevention of diet-dependent disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two of the researchers independently performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Polish Medical Bibliography to find studies published between 2005 and 2015. The variance of the means of differences between selected factors in relation to dietary guidelines and standards for preschool children was estimated by summing the individual variances of means. The means of differences between selected factors across the studies were pooled using random-effects model meta-analysis. RESULTS The analysis included a total of 2095 children. Mean protein content in the diet of children studied is 111% higher than indicated in dietary recommendations for this age group; mean consumption of carbohydrates in the study group is 24% higher than recommended. In moderately high calorie diets, analysis showed that the recommended norm is exceeded by 47%, CE 0.77, p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Nutrient intake is not compliant with recommendations for this age group and could not only inhibit physical development, but also increase the risk of diet-dependent diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krzysztoszek
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kleka
- Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska
- Department of Physical Activity Study and Health Promotion, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nuruddin R, Urpi-Sarda M, Rodriguez-Lopez M, Garcia-Arenas D, Gratacos E, Crispi F, Acosta-Rojas R. Macronutrient and fibre intake of young Spanish children with reference to their in utero growth status: Are they eating a healthy diet? J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:563-571. [PMID: 29330920 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare macronutrient and fibre intake by pre-school children born with intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) or as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and to compare their intake with paediatric nutritional recommendations for identification of potential areas of modification during early life. METHODS A parental 3-day dietary record was obtained for children of age 1-6 years, born at Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain (2002-2007) with IUGR (n = 37) or AGA (n = 53). Mean nutrient intake (adjusted for body mass index), nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) and percentage of energy intake (EI%) were compared. RESULTS Macronutrient and fibre intake of the two groups did not differ significantly. However, IUGR children showed significantly higher than the recommended levels of protein EI% (18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 16-19)), NAR for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.5)) and NAR for carbohydrate (1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6)) and significantly lower than the recommended levels of NAR for unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8)) and for fibre (0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8)). Likewise, children born with AGA showed similar pattern compared to the recommended levels for protein EI% (17 (95% CI 16-18)), NAR for SFAs (1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.4)), NAR for UFAs (0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.7)) and NAR for fibre (0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9)). CONCLUSION Spanish pre-school children consume proteins and SFAs in abundance and UFAs and fibre in moderation. Reinforcement of healthy eating is recommended for long-term health benefits, especially for at-risk children born with IUGR, whose consumption of carbohydrate is additionally greater than that recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozina Nuruddin
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merida Rodriguez-Lopez
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pontifical Javeriana University, Cali, Colombia
| | - Dolores Garcia-Arenas
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacos
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fatima Crispi
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruthy Acosta-Rojas
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.,Growth in Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Merkiel-Pawłowska S, Chalcarz W. Gender differences and typical nutrition concerns of the diets of preschool children - the results of the first stage of an intervention study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:207. [PMID: 29258537 PMCID: PMC5735756 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition in children has an important influence on health both in childhood and adulthood. Actions aimed at improving children's nutrition are essential, not only to the children and their families, but also to the whole society. The aim of the study was to present the results of nutrient intake before starting a nutrition and physical activity intervention programme, to investigate gender differences in nutrient intake and to discuss whether the preschoolers' nutrient intake is similar to the intake of their peers from other countries. METHODS Nutrient intake was estimated from seven-day weighed food records kept by parents and preschool staff individually for 122 4-6-year-old children who attended two preschools in Piła, north-western Poland. Nutrient intake was calculated using Dieta 4.0 computer programme including water intake and intake of nutrients from dietary supplements. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme, version 21.0, according to gender. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences (reference number 886/08). RESULTS Boys, in comparison to girls, were found to have statistically significantly higher intakes of total protein, total protein per kg of body weight, saturated fatty acids, total carbohydrates, available carbohydrates, lactose, sucrose, total water, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Statistically significantly higher percentage of girls than boys had intakes of vitamin E below AI. CONCLUSIONS Gender was a significant factor of nutrient intake in the studied preschool children. The main nutritional concerns in the studied preschoolers' diets, irrespective of gender, are typical of the diets of preschool children from various parts of Europe and indicate the need to work out common nutritional strategies to improve preschoolers' nutrition across Europe to reduce future burden of diet-related diseases to the European societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Merkiel-Pawłowska
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chalcarz
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rubio-López N, Llopis-González A, Picó Y, Morales-Suárez-Varela M. Dietary Calcium Intake and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children: The ANIVA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14060637. [PMID: 28613243 PMCID: PMC5486323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of dietary calcium intake with anthropometric measures, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in 1176 Spanish children aged 6-9 years. Data were obtained from "Antropometría y Nutrición Infantil de Valencia" (ANIVA), a cross-sectional study of a representative sample. Dietary calcium intake assessed from three-day food records was compared to recommended daily intakes in Spain. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were measured according to international standards and adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) test. For the total sample of children, 25.8% had inadequate calcium intake, a significantly higher prevalence in girls (p = 0.006) and inadequate calcium intake was associated with lower height z-score (p = 0.001) for both sexes. In girls, there was an inverse relationship between calcium intake and body mass index (p = 0.001) and waist/hip ratio (p = 0.018). Boys presented a polarization in physical activity, reporting a greater level of both physical and sedentary activity in comparison with girls (p = 0.001). Children with poor adherence to MedDiet, even if they consume two yogurts or cheese (40 g) daily, adjusted by gender, age, total energy intake, physical activity and father's level of education, are at risk of inadequate total calcium intake (odds ratio adjusted [ORa]: 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-9.94, p = 0.001). The intake of these dairy products was insufficient to cover calcium intake recommendations in this age group (6-9 years). It is important to prioritize health strategies that promote the MedDiet and to increase calcium intake in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rubio-López
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Agustín Llopis-González
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, 46113 Moncada, Spain.
| | - María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Merkiel S, Chalcarz W. Preschool diets in children from Piła, Poland, require urgent intervention as implied by high risk of nutrient inadequacies. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2016; 35:11. [PMID: 27093922 PMCID: PMC5025991 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-016-0050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the studies published after the year 2000 which focused on nutrition at preschool, only three aimed to assess children's intake of energy and selected nutrients at preschool. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intake in children during their stay at preschool. METHODS The studied population comprised 128 4-6-year-old children who attended preschools in Piła, Poland. Intakes of energy and macronutrients were estimated from a 5-day weighed food record completed by the preschool staff. Weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 computer programme. The data were analysed according to gender. RESULTS Energy intake was the lowest in children with underweight, 2004 kJ (478 kcal), and the highest in obese children, 3388 kJ (809 kcal). Energy intake from lactose was statistically significantly higher in boys than in girls, 3.0 vs 2.6 %. Statistically significantly higher percentage of boys in comparison to girls had intakes of vitamin C below 70 % of EAR, 56.9 vs 38.1 %. It is important to highlight the excessive intake of energy from saturated fatty acids and energy from sucrose, along with inadequate intake of energy from polyunsaturated fatty acids. We also found excessive intake of sodium and inadequate intakes of dietary fibre, water, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, niacin, calcium and potassium. CONCLUSIONS Preschool diets need urgent improvement to prevent diet-related diseases in the studied preschoolers in the future. The inadequacies observed in these diets are in accordance with the previously reported inadequacies in menus planned for preschoolers. More research is needed to investigate dietary intake of children during their stay at preschool. Common regulations worked out for all preschools in the European Union would be a good way to provide adequate nutrition to preschool children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Merkiel
- Food and Nutrition Department, The Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chalcarz
- Food and Nutrition Department, The Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kostecka M. Fatty acid composition of diets of early school-age children and its health implications. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 31:1467-71. [PMID: 26870117 PMCID: PMC4744302 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.316.7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the amount and type of fat consumed by early school-age children per day. Dietary fat intake as a percentage of the total calorie intake was also estimated. Methods: The study was conducted in Lublin, the largest city in south-east Poland, between January 2014 and April 2014, on 702 randomly selected children, i.e. 3% of the total population of early school-age children in the research area. The parents were asked to provide information about the type and amount of food consumed by their children daily. A standard food frequency questionnaire was used. Results: Dietary levels of saturated fat were elevated in the analyzed populations and were the source of 13.33% of daily calorie intake. In the studied population, the ratio of saturated to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was determined at 3.25: 2.95: 1. Dietary intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) reached 1.057 ± 0.55 g (0.63% of daily calorie intake) on average, and dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA) was determined at 3.86 ± 2.51 g (2.31% of daily calorie intake). Conclusions: The average total calorie intake of children aged 6-11 years was 1445.66 calories per day. Average fat intake was 29.64 % of the total calorie intake. The highest intake of SFAs was found in the youngest age group of 6- to 8-year-olds. The type of food consumed by children affected the amount and type of dietary fat in all age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kostecka
- Małgorzata Kostecka, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Rubio-López N, Ruso C, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Ruiz-Rojo E, Redondo M, Pico Y. Anthropometric Status and Nutritional Intake in Children (6-9 Years) in Valencia (Spain): The ANIVA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:16082-95. [PMID: 26694443 PMCID: PMC4690981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121215045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess nutritional intake and anthropometric statuses in schoolchildren to subsequently determine nutritional adequacy with Spanish Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs). The ANIVA study, a descriptive cross-sectional study, was conducted in 710 schoolchildren (6–9 years) in 2013–2014 in Valencia (Spain). Children’s dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records, completed by parents. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were measured according to international standards, and BMI-for-age was calculated and converted into z-scores by WHO-Anthro for age and sex. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using DRI based on estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI). Pearson’s chi-square and Student’s t-test were employed. Of our study group (47.61% boys, 52.39% girls), 53.1% were normoweight and the weight of 46.9% was inadequate; of these, 38.6% had excess body weight (19.6% overweight and 19.0% obesity). We found intakes were lower for biotin, fiber, fluoride, vitamin D (p < 0.016), zinc, iodine, vitamin E, folic acid, calcium and iron (p < 0.017), and higher for lipids, proteins and cholesterol. Our results identify better nutritional adequacy to Spanish recommendations in overweight children. Our findings suggest that nutritional intervention and educational strategies are needed to promote healthy eating in these children and nutritional adequacies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Nuria Rubio-López
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Candelaria Ruso
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
| | - Agustín Llopis-Gonzalez
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Elías Ruiz-Rojo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Conselleria de Sanidad, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Biochemistry Departament, Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Marbella 29603, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Pico
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Moncada 46113, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Merkiel S, Chalcarz W. Dietary intake in 6-year-old children from southern Poland: part 2--vitamin and mineral intakes. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:310. [PMID: 25539749 PMCID: PMC4297393 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-014-0310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on vitamin and mineral intakes in children are very important: firstly because of the high prevalence of diet-related diseases and secondly because of the widespread consumption of highly processed foods which are characterised by high energy content and low density of essential nutrients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse vitamin and mineral intakes in 6-year-old children from southern Poland. METHODS Vitamin and mineral intakes were estimated from a three-day food record in 120 children, 64 girls and 56 boys, aged 6 years. Nutrient densities were estimated as amounts per 1000 kcal (4185 kJ) of energy intake. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme, version 19. The studied population was divided according to gender. RESULTS Intakes of folic acid (μg/1000 kcal) and vitamin C (mg, mg/1000 kcal) were significantly higher in girls. Nutrient densities for all vitamins were higher in girls, however, these results did not reach statistical significance. Intake of vitamin D was lower than EAR in all of the studied children. Intakes of sodium (mg) and zinc (mg) were significantly higher in boys. Intakes of the remaining minerals were higher in boys, however, these findings did not reach statistical significance. Nutrient densities for all minerals, except for sodium, zinc and manganese, were higher in girls. All of the studied children had sodium intakes above UL. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate intakes of vitamin D, calcium and potassium in the studied 6-year-olds along with excessive sodium intake are the risk factors for developing osteoporosis and hypertension. To prevent these diseases in the studied children, educational programmes for both preschool staff and parents should be worked out and implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Merkiel
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poland Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Chalcarz
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poland Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|