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Literacy of Breast Cancer and Screening Guideline in an Immigrant Group: Importance of Health Accessibility. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 22:563-570. [PMID: 31956925 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-00973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about predictors of breast cancer literacy among immigrant women. A cross-sectional survey investigated predisposing, enabling, and need factors of breast cancer literacy among 233 Korean American women living in a southeastern U.S. city. Breast cancer literacy was measured by questions that asked awareness of cancer screening methods and a 5-item questionnaire derived from the American Cancer Society's breast cancer screening guidelines and risk factors. Annual checkup was an enabling factor of awareness of Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) and mammogram, and also for breast cancer literacy covering the knowledge of breast cancer screening guidelines and risk factors. Health status was a need factor of CBE awareness. Marital status was a predisposing factor of mammogram awareness, and age and years of residence in the US were predisposing factors of breast cancer literacy. The findings of the study illuminate probable avenues of intervention to promote breast health knowledge for Korean American women.
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Momenimovahed Z, Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Hassanipour S, Salehiniya H. A review of barriers and facilitators to mammography in Asian women. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1146. [PMID: 33343705 PMCID: PMC7738271 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Asia and one of the major health problems in most countries in the region. Despite extensive advances in treatment, early diagnosis is one of the main methods for increasing the survival rate. It is necessary to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of screening in different societies. This study was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators of mammography in Asia. Materials and methods To identify the barriers and facilitators of mammography in Asia, a comprehensive search was carried out in databases such as Medline, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus using keywords, including breast cancer, screening, mammography, barriers, facilitators and the names of each Asian country, as well as a combination of these keywords were used to help the search. Full-text, English language and original articles were included in this study. Results In total, 71 articles were entered into the study. The findings of this study revealed various barriers to mammography in Asian women, including knowledge, sociodemographic factors, cost and insurance, cultural factors, belief, attitude and feeling, fear, pain and embarrassment, self-efficacy, religious, psychological factors, time constraint, fatalism, professional recommendations, communication, social support and access. Also, knowledge, attitude and belief, perceived risk, professional and social factors were found to be facilitators of mammography. Conclusion Knowing the barriers and facilitators to access mammography is the first step in the development of a successful screening program. Awareness and various personal, professional and social factors have emerged as the major barriers to access to mammography in most Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Adunlin G, Cyrus JW, Asare M, Sabik LM. Barriers and Facilitators to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Immigrants in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:606-658. [PMID: 30117005 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To summarize the literature on barriers and facilitators to breast and cervical cancer screening among immigrants to the US. A literature review was conducted for studies on breast and cervical cancer screening among immigrant populations. A thematic analysis of 180 studies identified a variety of barriers and facilitators to screening at the personal and system levels. Personal barriers included lack of knowledge and insurance coverage, high cost of care, and immigration status. System barriers included poor access to services, lack of interpreter services, and insensitivity to patient needs. Facilitators to screening included knowledge of disease, access to information sources, physician recommendation, and social networks. Cultural norms and resource availability at the individual and system levels influence screening among immigrants. Health insurance coverage was found to be an important predictor of preventative screening use. Future research should seek to identify the best way to address this and other barriers to cancer screening among immigrants groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Adunlin
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, 2100 Lakeshore Dr, Homewood, AL, 35229, USA.
| | - John W Cyrus
- Tompkins-McCaw Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, 509 N 12th St, Richmond, VA, 23298-0430, USA
| | - Matthew Asare
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, Waco, TX, 76798-7313, USA
| | - Lindsay M Sabik
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 De Soto St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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An S, Choi YJ, Lee HY, Yoon YJ, Platt M. Predictors of Breast Cancer Screening Among Korean American Women: Is Having an Annual Checkup Critical? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1281-1286. [PMID: 29802037 PMCID: PMC6031831 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Korean American (KA) immigrant women underutilize breast cancer screening. This study examined factors predicting breast cancer screening behavior among KA women in the United States. Methods: 233 KA women aged 19 to 85 were recruited in the metro area of Atlanta, Georgia. Andersen’s behavioral model theoretically guided the study. Result: Of the predisposing factors, age (OR=1.043, p<.01, 95% CI [1.017, 1.069]) and marital status (OR=2.154, p<.05, 95% CI [1.022, 4.539]) were significantly associated with clinical breast exam (CBE), while income (OR=2.289, p<.05, 95% CI [1.060, 4.945]) and annual checkup (OR=2.725, p<.01, 95% CI [1.342, 5.533]) were linked to CBE as enabling factors. For the receipt of mammographic screening, annual checkup was only significantly associated among enabling factors (OR=4.509, p<.05, 95% CI [1.263, 16.102]), while family cancer history was identified as the only significant need factor (OR=.112, p<.01, 95% CI [.023, .552]). Conclusion: Differing factors explained the receipt of CBEs and mammographic use among KA women. Specifically, the findings shed light on the importance of having an annual checkup for the uptake of both CBEs and mammographic use. Intervention strategies should focus on promoting health accessibility for KA women to adhere to recommended breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonok An
- Department of Social Work and Sociology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Oh KM, Taylor KL, Jacobsen KH. Breast Cancer Screening Among Korean Americans: A Systematic Review. J Community Health 2018; 42:324-332. [PMID: 27678390 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death for Korean Americans (KAs). Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly occurring cancer among KA women, and its rate has been rapidly increasing. Low BC screening rates for KAs puts them at greater risk for late-stage breast cancer. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on cancer screening among KAs, and identified 38 eligible studies. Despite significant increases in mammogram utilization over the past two decades, KAs have consistently lower rates of mammogram screening than other American populations. KA women also report lower rates of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination. Screening rates are higher among adults with higher socioeconomic status, greater acculturation to the United States, more cancer knowledge, higher perceived susceptibility to BC, more social support, and better access to health services. However, fear of finding something wrong, fear of embarrassment or lack of modesty, not knowing where to go for screening, believing that mammography is only necessary when symptoms are present, and perceived time and cost difficulties in accessing mammography were reported as barriers to mammogram screening. Coordinated efforts from clinicians, public health workers, KA cultural and religious organizations, and the broader breast cancer advocacy and awareness community are necessary for improving BC screening among KAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeung Mi Oh
- School of Nursing, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive 3C4, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - Karen L Taylor
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Kathryn H Jacobsen
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Lee H, Ghebre R, Le C, Jang YJ, Sharratt M, Yee D. Mobile Phone Multilevel and Multimedia Messaging Intervention for Breast Cancer Screening: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5:e154. [PMID: 29113961 PMCID: PMC5698632 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.7091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing breast cancer incidence and mortality rates, Korean American immigrant women have one of the lowest rates of breast cancer screening across racial groups in the United States. Mobile health (mHealth), defined as the delivery of health care information or services through mobile communication devices, has been utilized to successfully improve a variety of health outcomes. Objective This study adapted the principles of mHealth to advance breast cancer prevention efforts among Korean American immigrant women, an underserved community. Methods Using a randomized controlled trial design, 120 Korean American women aged 40 to 77 years were recruited and randomly assigned to either the mMammogram intervention group (n=60) to receive culturally and personally tailored multilevel and multimedia messages through a mobile phone app along with health navigator services or the usual care control group (n=60) to receive a printed brochure. Outcome measures included knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about breast cancer screening, readiness for mammography, and mammogram receipt. The feasibility and acceptability of the mMammogram intervention was also assessed. Results The intervention group showed significantly greater change on scores of knowledge of breast cancer and screening guidelines (P=.01). The intervention group also showed significantly greater readiness for mammography use after the intervention compared with the control group. A significantly higher proportion of women who received the mMammogram intervention (75%, 45/60) completed mammograms by the 6-month follow-up compared with the control group (30%, 18/60; P<.001). In addition, the intervention group rated satisfaction with the intervention (P=.003), effectiveness of the intervention (P<.001), and increase of knowledge on breast cancer and screenings (P=.001) significantly higher than the control group. Conclusions A mobile phone app–based intervention combined with health navigator service was a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention mechanism to promote breast cancer screening in Korean American immigrant women. A flexible, easily tailored approach that relies on recent technological advancements can reach underserved and hard-to-recruit populations that bear disproportionate cancer burdens. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01972048; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01972048 (Archived by WebCite at https://clinicaltrials.gov/archive/NCT01972048/2013_10_29)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Lee
- School of Social Work, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, United States
| | - Rahel Ghebre
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Chap Le
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yoo Jeong Jang
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Monica Sharratt
- School of Social Work, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, United States
| | - Douglas Yee
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Shankar A, Roy S, Rath GK, Chakraborty A, Kamal VK, Biswas AS. Impact of Cancer Awareness Drive on Generating Understanding and Improving Screening Practices for Breast Cancer: a Study on College Teachers in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1985-1990. [PMID: 28749636 PMCID: PMC5648409 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.7.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India and most present at advanced stage. Although early detection is the only way to reduce morbidity and mortality, people have a very low awareness about breast cancer signs and symptoms and screening practices. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness and impact of awareness programs in adoption of safe practices in prevention and early detection. Methods: This assessment was part of a pink chain campaign on cancer awareness. During events from 2011 to 2015 at various women colleges in different parts in India, a pre-test of knowledge related to breast cancer was followed by an awareness program. Post-tests using the same questionnaire were conducted at the end of the interactive sessions, at 6 months and after1 year. Results: A total of 872 out of 985 teachers participated in the study (overall response rate of 88.5 %). Mean age of the study population was 41.6 years (range 28-59 yrs). There was a significant increase in level of knowledge regarding breast cancer at 6 months and this was sustained at 1 year. Adoption of breast self-examination (BSE) was significantly more frequent in comparison to CBE and mammography. Magazines and newspapers were sources for knowledge regarding screening tests for breast cancer for more than 60% of teachers. Regarding post-awareness at 6 months and 1 year, there was a significant change in alcohol and smoking habits. Major reasons came out to be ignorance (83%) at the start of the campaign which was changed to lack of time (37.7%), lethargic attitude (32.2 %) and lack of time (31.5 %) at 6 months and same at 1 year also. Conclusions: With our awareness program there was a significant increase in level of knowledge regarding breast cancer at 6 months and this was sustained at 1 year. Adoption of BSE was significantly greater in comparison to CBE, mammography. To inculcate safe lifestyle practices in people, awareness programmes such as pink chain campaigns should be conducted more widely and frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India.
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Talamantes E, Norris KC, Mangione CM, Moreno G, Waterman AD, Peipert JD, Bunnapradist S, Huang E. Linguistic Isolation and Access to the Active Kidney Transplant Waiting List in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:483-492. [PMID: 28183854 PMCID: PMC5338711 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07150716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Waitlist inactivity is a barrier to transplantation, because inactive candidates cannot receive deceased donor organ offers. We hypothesized that temporarily inactive kidney transplant candidates living in linguistically isolated communities would be less likely to achieve active waitlist status. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We merged Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing data with five-digit zip code socioeconomic data from the 2000 US Census. The cumulative incidence of conversion to active waitlist status, death, and delisting before conversion among 84,783 temporarily inactive adult kidney candidates from 2004 to 2012 was determined using competing risks methods. Competing risks regression was performed to characterize the association between linguistic isolation, incomplete transplantation evaluation, and conversion to active status. A household was determined to be linguistically isolated if all members ≥14 years old speak a non-English language and also, speak English less than very well. RESULTS A total of 59,147 candidates (70% of the study population) achieved active status over the study period of 9.8 years. Median follow-up was 110 days (interquartile range, 42-276 days) for activated patients and 815 days (interquartile range, 361-1244 days) for candidates not activated. The cumulative incidence of activation over the study period was 74%, the cumulative incidence of death before conversion was 10%, and the cumulative incidence of delisting was 13%. After adjusting for other relevant covariates, living in a zip code with higher percentages of linguistically isolated households was associated with progressively lower subhazards of activation both in the overall population (reference: <1% linguistically isolated households; 1%-4.9% linguistically isolated: subhazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 0.93; 5%-9.9% linguistically isolated: subhazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.87; 10%-19.9% linguistically isolated: subhazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.80; and ≥20% linguistically isolated: subhazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.67 to 0.76) and among candidates designated temporarily inactive due to an incomplete transplant evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that candidates residing in linguistically isolated communities are less likely to complete candidate evaluations and achieve active waitlist status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Talamantes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Keith C. Norris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carol M. Mangione
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Amy D. Waterman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
- Kidney Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - John D. Peipert
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
- Kidney Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Suphamai Bunnapradist
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
- Kidney Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Edmund Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
- Kidney Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Lee EE, Nandy K, Szalacha L, Park H, Oh KM, Lee J, Menon U. Korean American Women and Mammogram Uptake. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 18:179-86. [PMID: 25669627 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A high percentage of Korean American (KA) women have never had a mammogram, which puts them at greater risk for late-stage breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare health beliefs and spousal support about breast cancer and screening between KA women with and without a history of mammogram completion. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 428 non-adherent married KA women. KA women who never had a mammogram were younger, had less access to health care, had less knowledge, and had lower perceived self-efficacy, benefits, and spousal support, and higher perceived barriers to breast cancer screening compared to women who had had a mammogram. Assessing differing characteristics between the two groups of KA women may lead to a better understanding of the variables influencing mammography screening in this population and possibly increase early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice E Lee
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave. 4-258 Factor Building (Mail Code: 691821), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6918, USA.
| | - Karabi Nandy
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6918, USA
| | - Laura Szalacha
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 396 Newton Hall, 1585 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - HanJong Park
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, 845 S. Damen Ave., M/C 802, Chicago, IL, 60612-5998, USA.
| | - Kyeung Mi Oh
- School of Nursing, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - Jongwon Lee
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, MSC07 4380, 1650 University Blvd. NE, Box# 9, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA.
| | - Usha Menon
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 140 Newton Hall, 1585 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Kwok C, Sullivan G. Health seeking behaviours among Chinese-Australian women: implications for health promotion programmes. Health (London) 2016; 11:401-15. [PMID: 17606701 DOI: 10.1177/1363459307077552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preventive medicine is an important element of the Australian health care system. An essential aspect of the biomedical model of health care is screening for the early detection of disease in otherwise asymptomatic people. There is ample evidence that acceptance levels of western medicine vary and that a variety of health epistemologies and health practices coexist. To examine the extent to which Chinese-Australian women integrate western medicine practices in their health seeking behaviour, a qualitative study was conducted, which involved in-depth interviews in Cantonese with 20 women. Although adherence to western health beliefs and practices varied, in general these Chinese-Australian women sought medical help only after they felt unwell. Commonly, they first tried traditional remedies for minor diseases. Many saw no reason to participate in screening when they were asymptomatic. Direct communication with health care providers who speak the same language appears to be important to many Chinese-Australian women when seeking health care services. It is recommended that ethnic health workers should participate in screening programmes and other health promotion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cannas Kwok
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Sheppard VB, Hurtado-de-Mendoza A, Song M, Hirpa F, Nwabukwu I. The role of knowledge, language, and insurance in endorsement of cancer screening in women of African origin. Prev Med Rep 2016; 2:517-23. [PMID: 26844112 PMCID: PMC4721490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African women have lower use of cancer screening services compared to women born in the United States yet empirical data are limited about their cancer screening attitudes. OBJECTIVE To examine factors that are associated with higher endorsement of screening. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study of 200 women of African origin recruited via community-based outreach activities in Washington, DC. Endorsement of screening was assessed via self-report. The primary independent variables were cancer knowledge and English-language proficiency. Information was also collected about access, cancer-related beliefs, and prior breast screening behaviors. RESULTS Most participants (60%) were ≥ 40 years of age, 54% were married, and 77% were insured. Participants more likely to endorse breast cancer screening were insured (vs. uninsured) (odds ratio = 3.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 9.17) and married (odds ratio = 3.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 9.10) controlling for other factors. The likelihood of endorsing screening was higher among participants with English as a primary language (odds ratio = 3.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 11.87) and those with greater breast cancer knowledge (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.08, per 1 point increase). CONCLUSIONS Average cancer knowledge in the sample was low as were non-conventional causes of cancer. Study results highlight the importance of improving cancer knowledge and reducing barriers related to language and insurance. Future studies are needed to consider nuances among diverse women of African origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa B Sheppard
- Breast Cancer Program and Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alejandra Hurtado-de-Mendoza
- Breast Cancer Program and Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Minna Song
- Breast Cancer Program and Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Fikru Hirpa
- Breast Cancer Program and Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ify Nwabukwu
- African Women's Cancer Awareness Association, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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12
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Koh E, Choi GY, Cho JY. Effectiveness of an Ongoing, Community-Based Breast Cancer Prevention Program for Korean American Women. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2016; 41:51-59. [PMID: 26946886 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlv086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluates the effectiveness of an ongoing, community-based breast cancer prevention program offered by a local social services agency in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. Korean American women who participated in this breast cancer prevention program were compared with those who did not participate in their knowledge, attitude, and screening behaviors. The study found that the intervention group was more knowledgeable on breast cancer and related services and reported more positive attitudes toward breast cancer screening services than the comparison group. The participants in the intervention group were also more likely to plan to receive a mammogram than those in the comparison group. However, significant differences were not observed in the two groups in their intention to receive a clinical breast examination. The study findings suggest that an ongoing, community-based breast cancer prevention program can be an effective method of addressing breast cancer prevention disparities observed among Korean American women.
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Lee SY. Cultural Factors Associated with Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening in Korean American Women in the US: An Integrative Literature Review. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2015; 9:81-90. [PMID: 26160234 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined current research theories and methods, cultural factors, and culturally relevant interventions associated with breast and cervical cancer screening in Korean American (KA) women. METHODS Based on Ganong's guidelines, the literature on cultural factors associated with breast and cervical cancer screening in KA women was searched using MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Sixty-eight articles on breast cancer screening and 66 articles on cervical cancer screening were retrieved from both databases, and a total of 22 articles were included in the literature review based on the selection criteria. RESULTS Of the 22 studies reviewed, 14 (63.6%) were descriptive and 8 (36.4%) were interventional. Many studies have used individual focused cognitive theories such as health belief model and different types of operationalization for measures of cultural beliefs. Cultural factors associated with breast and cervical cancer screening in KA women that were identified in descriptive quantitative and qualitative studies included family, embarrassment, preventive health orientation, fatalism, and acculturation. Most culturally relevant interventional studies used education programs, and all education was conducted by bilingual and bicultural health educators at sociocultural sites for KA women. CONCLUSIONS Theories focusing on interpersonal relationships and standardized, reliable, and valid instruments to measure cultural concepts are needed to breast and cervical cancer screening research in KA women. Traditional cultural factors associated with cancer screening should be considered for practical implications and future research with KA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Tat J, Nguy M, Tong EK, Cheng AJ, Chung LY, Sadler GR. Disseminating tobacco control information to Asians and Pacific Islanders. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2015; 30:26-30. [PMID: 24969319 PMCID: PMC4277930 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-014-0695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Asian Grocery Store-Based Cancer Education Program (the Program) is a proven strategy for promoting early breast cancer detection among Asian American women. The authors sought to test whether the same public health model can become an effective strategy for increasing the Asian community's awareness of the California Smokers' Helpline (the Helpline) and thereby, potentially decreasing this community's use of tobacco products. The new module, mainly staffed by four well-trained, volunteer undergraduates, explained the risks of first- and second-hand tobacco exposure and how to access the Helpline's services. A brochure, provided in English, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese (the Helpline's available Asian languages), was used to guide the bicultural, bilingual students' tobacco-related discussions with shoppers. The students' repeated presence at the nine partnering Asian grocery stores served as reminders of the Helpline's availability. In its first year of operation, the student trainers reached 1,052 men and 1,419 women with tobacco cessation messages. Equally important, the participating grocery stores' managers did not object to students telling their customers to quit using the tobacco products sold in their stores. The results suggest that the Program's tobacco cessation module is a viable, community-specific, public health strategy. It is also a strategy with the potential for applications to reduce other health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd MB-07, La Jolla, CA 92037-1000
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd MB-07, La Jolla, CA 92037-1000
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850
| | - Mike Nguy
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850
| | - Eric K. Tong
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850
| | - Aaron J. Cheng
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850
| | - Lois Y. Chung
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850
| | - Georgia Robins Sadler
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093-0850
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Georgia Robins Sadler, BSN, MBA, PhD, Professor, Department of Surgery, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC 0850, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850, Phone: (858) 822-7611, Fax: (858) 534-7628,
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GHODSI Z, HOJJATOLESLAMI S. Breast self examination and mammography in cancer screening: women health protective behavior. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2014; 55:46-9. [PMID: 25916019 PMCID: PMC4718330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death among women. Secondary prevention may enable early detection, but this is suboptimal among all Iranian women. METHODS This was a descriptive, analytic cross sectional study on 385 women 35 years old or more with no history of BC. Participants were selected by simple randomized method and were assessed through a two-part self-administered questionnaire and a self-examination checklist with content validity and test-re-test reliability. RESULTS 14.8% of women carried out breast self examination (BSE). Among them 5.7% was done in adequate timing and 9.4% performed it on a regular basis. The average age of BSE onset was 20.1 ± 7.6 and mean of Score was 6.25 ± 2.26 (2-11). 2.3% of participants performed BSE poorly, 7.5% fairly and 1.6% performed it well. 25.84% of samples had a history of mammography that 13% of whom received it as a result of prescription. The average age for mammography was 36 ± 7.2 (20-50) years and the frequency of mammography was 1.8 ± 1.4 (1-8) of times. Due to the low percentage of breast cancer preventive behaviors, in this study knowledge towards breast cancer was also measured because they are factors that are crucial in performance. CONCLUSION The results highlight the need to educate Iranian women to recognize the risk factors to promote early detection of breast cancer. Creation of health behavioral by focused educational programs might cause decrease of breast cancer prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. GHODSI
- Department of Midwifery, Toyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Toyserkan, Iran
| | - S. HOJJATOLESLAMI
- Department of Nursing, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran,Correspondence: Simin Hojjatoleslami, Department of Nursing, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran - Tel. +98 0811 449 4001 - E-mail:
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Şişman H, Özgen R, Baysal D, Sarıakçalı N, Öztürk S, Kum P, Gürel D, Kanarığ D, Aslaner E, Akıl Y, Günaldı M. Measurement of the knowledge level about breast self-exam among the female employees of a university hospital, Turkey. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2014; 1:40-45. [PMID: 27981081 PMCID: PMC5123447 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.135819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodic mammography, clinical breast examination and breast self-exam (BSE) facilitate getting a therapeutic response and improve disease prognosis, by leading to early diagnosis of the breast cancer. METHODS The study included a total of 618 women working in Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, as technician, secretary, staff, midwife and doctor. They answered a 22-items questionnaire consisting of questions about general knowledge, 8 of these were about BSE. RESULTS While it was statistically significant that the education was not correlated with the age of onset of BSE and timing of BSE, the education was significantly efficient in terms of knowing the aim of the BSE, its frequency, post-menopausal BSE time, nipple discharge properties in the case of breast cancer, diagnostic methods and the risks. While it was statistically significant that the profession was not related to age of onset of BSE and knowing the right day of the month on which BSE should be performed, the education was likely to be efficient in knowing the frequency, post-menopausal BSE time, aim of the BSE, nipple discharge properties in the case of breast cancer, diagnostic methods and the risks. When the percentage of giving right answers to the questions and educational background and professional groups were compared, it was seen that the difference of the number of right answers and professional groups was significant. CONCLUSION Based on our results, we concluded that the education about BSE is warranted in order to increase the likelihood of female healthcare personnel to diagnose breast cancer at an earlier stage, given their role in raising the awareness of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Şişman
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Refiye Özgen
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dudu Baysal
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Sarıakçalı
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sibel Öztürk
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Pınar Kum
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Derya Gürel
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Derya Kanarığ
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Evren Aslaner
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akıl
- Çukurova University Medical School, Nursing Research Center, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Meral Günaldı
- Bakırköy Research and Training Hospital, Medical Oncology Clinic, Bakırköy, İstanbul, Turkey
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Gonzaga MA. Listening to the voices: an exploratory study of the experiences of women diagnosed and living with breast cancer in Uganda. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 16:60. [PMID: 24672631 PMCID: PMC3964014 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.16.60.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths amongst Ugandan women. Most women live through challenging and emotional experiences having been diagnosed with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of women diagnosed and living with breast cancer. METHODS This was an exploratory qualitative study using a convenience sample (n = 12) of women confirmed with breast cancer and reporting to the Radiology department for imaging. In-depth individual interviews were conducted and findings were summarized into themes, representative of the participants' lived experiences. RESULTS All women in this study initially went through emotional trauma of living with breast cancer. However, with time, they seemed to accept and cope with their situation. Four major themes summarizing their experiences included: Thought of Death, Strength to live, Loss of female identity and sexuality and Coping mechanisms. CONCLUSION This study provided a unique insight of the experiences of women living with breast cancer. By listening to their narratives, one could see emotional pain, anger, anxiety, strength to live and many more. Although women with breast cancer get clinical management, there is need to design holistic palliative healthcare services including counseling to assist then cope with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga
- Radiology department, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Reisi M, Javadzade SH, Sharifirad G. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of breast self-examination among female health workers in Isfahan, Iran. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2013; 2:46. [PMID: 24251282 PMCID: PMC3826030 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9531.117417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer as a most common organ cancer in women is the first cause of death among women with 40-45 years old. The only way to control this disease is early detection, that it can be treated in about 90% of women with breast cancer. The best way for early detection of breast cancer is screening, and the best accessible way is breast self-examination (BSE). Considering this fact that female health workers are responsible for improvement of public health, in addition to self-care, they can encourage the clients and help to improve healthy goals. Therefore, this study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of BS E among female health workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 119 female health workers in Isfahan, working in healthcare centers. The method of sampling was clustering. KAP of theses participants were assessed with KAP questioner. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods. FINDINGS The mean age of participants was 38/3 ± 7/27. The knowledge about breast cancer and doing B SE was good (79/8%) in most participants and (72/45%) of them have positive attitudes, but only (39/5%) of the samples performed BSE regularly every month. A significant relationship was found between the attitudes and the university degree of the health workers and also between age, university degree, and the times of taking part in education classes with performing BSE in the best time for BSE (P < 0.005). A total of 12/6% of them did not have a good performance. CONCLUSION Considering that health workers can play an important role in encouraging the clients to perform healthy and preventive behaviors, their weak behavior is not acceptable in these groups. This result also shows that additional studies are needed to identify the factors that make women using screening services and encourage them for using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoush Reisi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IUMS, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Homamodin Javadzade
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IUMS, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifirad
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IUMS, Isfahan, Iran
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Lee HY, Vang S. Cultural beliefs and clinical breast examination in Hmong American women: the crucial role of modesty. J Immigr Minor Health 2013; 17:746-55. [PMID: 23943016 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite grave cancer disparities in Hmong American women, investigation of the group's breast cancer screening behavior is sparse. This study examined how cultural factors are associated with breast cancer screening utilization, specifically clinical breast exam (CBE), in this population. One hundred and sixty-four Hmong American women between ages 18 and 67 were recruited from a large Midwestern metropolitan area with a median age of 28.0 years. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of cultural variables with receipt of CBE. Roughly 73% of Hmong American women reported ever having had a CBE. Logistic regression revealed that endorsing more modest views was the greatest barrier to ever having had a CBE. Age and language preference were also found to be significant predictors of past CBE use. Cultural factors should be considered in developing interventions aimed at promoting breast cancer screening in this population. In particular, Hmong American women who have less English proficiency and are relatively younger should be targeted in breast cancer screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yun Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 105 Peters Hall, 1404 Gortner Avenue, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA,
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Sadler GR, Beerman PR, Lee K, Hung J, Nguyen H, Cho J, Huang W. Promoting breast cancer screening among Asian American women: the Asian grocery store-based cancer education program. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2012; 27:612-7. [PMID: 23055131 PMCID: PMC3772735 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-012-0419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Asian American women's historically low breast cancer mortality rate has remained constant as rates decreased for all other races. From 2000 to 2004, a randomized controlled trial explored the Asian grocery store-based breast cancer education program's impact on Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese women (n = 1,540). Women aged 40 and older and non-adherent for annual screening mammograms were more likely to schedule a mammogram after receiving the breast cancer education program than women randomized to the prostate cancer program (X (2) = 3.85, p = 0.05). With the right program ingredients, late adopters of breast cancer screening can be prompted to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Robins Sadler
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850, USA.
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Lu M, Moritz S, Lorenzetti D, Sykes L, Straus S, Quan H. A systematic review of interventions to increase breast and cervical cancer screening uptake among Asian women. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:413. [PMID: 22676147 PMCID: PMC3488494 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asian population is one of the fastest growing ethnic minority groups in western countries. However, cancer screening uptake is consistently lower in this group than in the native-born populations. As a first step towards developing an effective cancer screening intervention program targeting Asian women, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review, without geographic, language or date limitations, to update current knowledge on the effectiveness of existing intervention strategies to enhance breast and cervical screening uptake in Asian women. Methods This study systematically reviewed studies published as of January 2010 to synthesize knowledge about effectiveness of cancer screening interventions targeting Asian women. Fifteen multidisciplinary peer-reviewed and grey literature databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Results The results of our systematic review were reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Of 37 selected intervention studies, only 18 studies included valid outcome measures (i.e. self-reported or recorded receipt of mammograms or Pap smear). 11 of the 18 intervention studies with valid outcome measures used multiple intervention strategies to target individuals in a specific Asian ethnic group. This observed pattern of intervention design supports the hypothesis that employing a combination of multiple strategies is more likely to be successful than single interventions. The effectiveness of community-based or workplace-based group education programs increases when additional supports, such as assistance in scheduling/attending screening and mobile screening services are provided. Combining cultural awareness training for health care professionals with outreach workers who can help healthcare professionals overcome language and cultural barriers is likely to improve cancer screening uptake. Media campaigns and mailed culturally sensitive print materials alone may be ineffective in increasing screening uptake. Intervention effectiveness appears to vary with ethnic population, methods of program delivery, and study setting. Conclusions Despite some limitations, our review has demonstrated that the effectiveness of existing interventions to promote breast and cervical cancer screening uptake in Asian women may hinge on a variety of factors, such as type of intervention and study population characteristics. While some studies demonstrated the effectiveness of certain intervention programs, the cost effectiveness and long-term sustainability of these programs remain questionable. When adopting an intervention program, it is important to consider the impacts of social-and cultural factors specific to the Asian population on cancer screening uptake. Future research is needed to develop new interventions and tools, and adopt vigorous study design and evaluation methodologies to increase cancer screening among Asian women to promote population health and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Lu
- Departments of Economics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Park MJ, Park EC, Choi KS, Jun JK, Lee HY. Sociodemographic gradients in breast and cervical cancer screening in Korea: the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) 2005-2009. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:257. [PMID: 21682886 PMCID: PMC3144456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer screening rates in Korea for five cancer types have increased steadily since 2002. With regard to the life-time cancer screening rates in 2009 according to cancer sites, the second highest was breast cancer (78.1%) and the third highest was cervical cancer (76.1%). Despite overall increases in the screening rate, disparities in breast and cervical cancer screening, based on sociodemographic characteristics, still exist. Methods Data from 4,139 women aged 40 to74 years from the 2005 to 2009 Korea National Cancer Screening Survey were used to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and receiving mammograms and Pap smears. The main outcome measures were ever having had a mammogram and ever having had a Pap smear. Using these items of information, we classified women into those who had had both types of screening, only one screening type, and neither screening type. We used logistic regression to investigate relationships between screening history and sociodemographic characteristics of the women. Results Being married, having a higher education, a rural residence, and private health insurance were significantly associated with higher rates of breast and cervical cancer screening after adjusting for age and sociodemographic factors. Household income was not significantly associated with mammograms or Pap smears after adjusting for age and sociodemographic factors. Conclusions Disparities in breast and cervical cancer screening associated with low sociodemographic status persist in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Korea.
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Todd L, Hoffman-Goetz L. A qualitative study of cancer information seeking among English-as-a-second-Language older Chinese immigrant women to canada: sources, barriers, and strategies. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2011; 26:333-340. [PMID: 20978955 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-010-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the cancer information seeking experiences of Chinese immigrants despite reported disparities in cancer burden and use of cancer screening. This research used semi-structured interviews to the explore cancer information seeking preferences and experiences of 50 English-as-a-second-language older Chinese immigrant women to Canada with different levels of health literacy. Directed content analysis was used to identify three main themes: sources of cancer information, barriers to cancer information seeking, and strategies used during information seeking. Health literacy did not distinguish the women on any of the major themes. The women expressed strong preferences for interpersonal and interactive cancer information from their physician and trusted others, such as friends and family. Barriers to cancer information seeking included language difficulties and limited time with physicians. The results emphasize the need for cancer information that reinforces cultural norms, language familiarity, and other values specific to cultural identities, such as interpersonally oriented values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Todd
- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Elsie KM, Gonzaga MA, Francis B, Michael KG, Rebecca N, Rosemary BK, Zeridah M. Current knowledge, attitudes and practices of women on breast cancer and mammography at Mulago Hospital. Pan Afr Med J 2010; 5:9. [PMID: 21120008 PMCID: PMC2984320 DOI: 10.4314/pamj.v5i1.56186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the third commonest cancer in Ugandan women. Women present late for breast cancer management which leads to high mortality rates. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Ugandan women concerning breast cancer and mammography. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study where 100 women reporting to the Radiology department were interviewed. We used consecutive sampling. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect opinions of the participants. For data analysis, answers were described as knowledge, attitude, practice and they were correlated with control variables through the chi-square. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were also used. RESULTS Most of the women (71%) had no idea about mammography. More than 50% did not know about risk factors for breast cancer. The attitude towards mammography was generally negative. Regarding seeking for mammography; level of literacy, occupation and marital status were significant on bivariate analysis, however only level of literacy and employment remained the significant independent variables on logistic regression analysis. The main barrier to mammography was mainly lack of information. CONCLUSION Women in this study had inadequate knowledge and inappropriate practice related to mammography as a procedure for breast cancer investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiguli-Malwadde Elsie
- Radiology department, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Lee H, Kim J, Han HR. Do cultural factors predict mammography behaviour among Korean immigrants in the USA? J Adv Nurs 2010; 65:2574-84. [PMID: 19941544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper is a report of a study of the correlates of mammogram use among Korean American women. BACKGROUND Despite the increasing incidence of and mortality from breast cancer, Asian women in the United States of America report consistently low rates of mammography screening. A number of health beliefs and sociodemographic characteristics have been associated with mammogram participation among these women. However, studies systematically investigating cultural factors in relation to mammogram experience have been scarce. METHODS We measured screening-related health beliefs, modesty and use of Eastern medicine in 100 Korean American women in 2006. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the unique contribution of the study variables, after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics. FINDINGS Only 51% reported past mammogram use. Korean American women who had previously had mammograms were statistically significantly older and had higher perceived benefit scores than those who had not. Perceived benefits (odds ratio = 6.3, 95% confidence interval = 2.12, 18.76) and breast cancer susceptibility (odds ratio = 3.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.06, 9.59) were statistically significant correlates of mammography experience, whereas cultural factors did not correlate. Post hoc analysis showed that for women with some or good English skills, cultural factors statistically significantly correlated with health beliefs and breast cancer knowledge (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nurses should consider the inclusion in culturally tailored interventions of more targeted outreach and healthcare system navigation assistance for promoting mammography screening in Korean American women. Further research is needed to unravel the interplay between acculturation, cultural factors and health beliefs related to cancer screening behaviours of Korean American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanju Lee
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Seoul, Korea
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Increasing Asian American women's research participation: the Asian grocery store-based cancer education program. Contemp Clin Trials 2010; 31:283-8. [PMID: 20230915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research study participants with diverse characteristics produce the most generalizable outcomes, but recruiting heterogeneous samples is difficult. METHODS This pilot study tests whether Asian women (N=1079) with diverse language proficiencies, who were personally recruited to one study by a linguistically and culturally aligned recruiter, would enroll in another study with a single mailed invitation in English. RESULTS The 134 participants in the second study represented 17.2% of those 779 women who had completed both baseline and follow-up surveys in the original study, making this characteristic the best predictor of future study participation. Of the 303 women in the first study who said they would be willing to participate in future studies, 17% (51) participated in the second study. Of the 733 who said they would not be willing to participate in future studies, 11% (83) participated. However, given the larger size of this group, researchers may recruit a greater absolute number of participants from it. While this rate of participation was less than the 25% rate achieved in the first study, the second study's single, mailed English language invitation was likely a barrier to participation. CONCLUSION Securing IRB-approval to invite prior study participants from traditionally underrepresented communities to a new study is a strategy investigators can use to increase the diversity of their samples. Further research is warranted to determine whether Asian women who have participated in one study might also become effective recruiters for future studies.
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Evaluating the Health Belief Model: A critical review of studies predicting mammographic and pap screening. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1057/sth.2009.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mammography Use and Its Demographic Correlates Among Women in South Korea. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2009; 3:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1976-1317(09)60018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kim JH, Menon U, Wang E, Szalacha L. Assess the effects of culturally relevant intervention on breast cancer knowledge, beliefs, and mammography use among Korean American women. J Immigr Minor Health 2009; 12:586-97. [PMID: 19373555 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-009-9246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A pre-post test, two-group study was conducted to examine the effects of a culturally competent targeted intervention titled GO EARLY Save Your Life on the breast cancer and early screening-related knowledge and beliefs and mammography use among 180 Korean American (KA) women aged 40 years or older who had not had mammograms within the past 12 months. The intervention group received an interactive education session focused on breast cancer, early screening guidelines, and beliefs (breast cancer-related and Korean cultural beliefs). The control group received no education. There was no statistically significant intervention effect on mammography use between the intervention (34%) and control groups (23%) at 24 weeks post baseline. The rates of mammography use for both groups significantly increased from 16 to 24 weeks post baseline. The education was effective in increasing breast cancer/early screening-related knowledge and modifying beliefs (decreasing barriers, fear, seriousness, and fatalism, and increasing preventive health orientation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave. Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Han HR, Lee H, Kim MT, Kim KB. Tailored lay health worker intervention improves breast cancer screening outcomes in non-adherent Korean-American women. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2009; 24:318-29. [PMID: 18463411 PMCID: PMC2654061 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyn021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite rapidly increasing incidence rates of breast cancer, recent immigrants such as Korean-American (KA) women report disproportionately lower utilization of screening tests compared with other ethnic groups. Early screening of breast cancer for this population may be greatly facilitated by indigenous lay health workers (LHWs). We conducted an intervention trial with a 6-month follow-up. Trained LHWs recruited 100 KA women 40 years of age or older who had not had a mammogram during the past 2 years. Ninety-three completed follow-up questionnaires. A 120-min, in-class education combined with LHW follow-up counseling and navigation assistance through the health care system was provided. Rates of breast cancer screening behaviors significantly increased at 6 months (P < 0.001); changes between pre- and post-intervention were 31.9% for mammography, 23% for clinical breast examination and 36.2% for breast self-examination. Modesty toward screening significantly decreased over time, but we did not find any significant differences in breast cancer knowledge and beliefs before and after the intervention. Results support the efficacy of this neighborhood-based, culturally sensitive intervention. Further research should seek to replicate these findings and to incorporate more self-care skills such as health literacy when designing an intervention program for linguistically and culturally isolated immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ra Han
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Sadler GR, Hung J, Beerman PR, Chen M, Chow J, Chan N. Then and now: comparison of baseline breast cancer screening rates at 2 time intervals. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2009; 24:4-9. [PMID: 19259858 PMCID: PMC3782251 DOI: 10.1080/08858190802683560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is Asian American women's most frequently occurring cancer. METHODS Asian American women completed breast cancer-related baseline surveys for 2 studies 5 years apart. RESULTS Statistically significant and rapid improvements in knowledge and screening practices were seen between the 948 participants in the first study (1995) and the 1540 participants in the second study. This increase paralleled the reported climb in early detection rates among Asian American women. CONCLUSIONS The data document the achievement of a tipping point in breast cancer screening rates with culturally and linguistically focused education programs and increased access to screening among disadvantaged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Robins Sadler
- Moores University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-0850, USA.
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Lee EE, Tripp-Reimer T, Miller AM, Sadler GR, Lee SY. Korean American women's beliefs about breast and cervical cancer and associated symbolic meanings. Oncol Nurs Forum 2007; 34:713-20. [PMID: 17573330 PMCID: PMC2408766 DOI: 10.1188/07.onf.713-720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore Korean American women's symbolic meanings related to their breasts and cervix, to examine attitudes and beliefs about breast and cervical cancer, and to find relationships between the participants' beliefs and their cancer screening behaviors. RESEARCH APPROACH Descriptive, qualitative analysis. SETTING Southwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS 33 Korean-born women at least 40 years of age. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH In-depth, face-to-face, individual interviews were conducted in Korean. A semistructured interview guide was used to ensure comparable core content across all interviews. Transcribed and translated interviews were analyzed using descriptive content analysis. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Breast cancer, cervical cancer, cancer screening, beliefs, and Korean American women. FINDINGS Korean American women's symbolic meaning of their breasts and cervix are closely related to their past experiences of bearing and rearing children. Negative life experiences among older Korean American women contributed to negative perceptions about cervical cancer. Having information about cancer, either correct or incorrect, and having faith in God or destiny may be barriers to obtaining screening tests. CONCLUSIONS Korean American women's symbolic meanings regarding their breasts and cervix, as well as their beliefs about breast cancer and cervical cancer and cancer screening, are associated with their cultural and interpersonal contexts. Their beliefs or limited knowledge appear to relate to their screening behaviors. INTERPRETATION Interventions that carefully address Korean American women's beliefs about breast cancer and cervical cancer as well as associated symbolic meanings may increase their cancer screening behaviors. Clinicians should consider Korean American women's culture-specific beliefs and representations as well as their life experiences in providing care for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice E Lee
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health, and Administrative Nursing, Chicago College of Nursing, The University of Illinois, IL, USA.
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Shirazi M, Champeau D, Talebi A. Predictors of breast cancer screening among immigrant Iranian women in California. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15:485-506. [PMID: 16796477 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the predictors of age-specific breast cancer screening participation among immigrant Iranian women aged 30 years and older. METHODS Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of women's breast cancer screening. The logistic regression results appear as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In general, screening rates for clinical breast examinations (CBE) and mammography among the participants in the current study were higher than levels set in the year 2010 Health Objectives and those reported for women nationally. These findings are inconsistent with previous studies on immigrant women living in the United States. However, the low rate of breast self-examinations (BSE) is consistent with previous findings of other immigrant women breast cancer screening studies. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of its kind to explore predictors of Iranian immigrant women's breast cancer screening behaviors. This study provides valuable information to healthcare providers as well as researchers and public health educators. The findings can make a significant difference in designing guidelines for culturally sensitive interventions and educational material to improve breast cancer screening behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehra Shirazi
- Department of Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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Lee EE, Fogg LF, Sadler GR. Factors of breast cancer screening among Korean immigrants in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health 2006; 8:223-33. [PMID: 16791532 PMCID: PMC2408708 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-006-9326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess breast cancer screening rates and explore factors related to all three measures of breast cancer screening, mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self-examination (BSE), among Korean immigrants in the United States. A telephone survey was conducted with 189 Korean women aged 40 and older in Cook County, Illinois. Of this group, 78% had had a mammogram at some point, and 38.6% had had one within the previous year. Fifty-three percent had had a CBE, while 26.1% had had one within the previous year. Whereas 58.1% had examined their breasts before, 46.3% did monthly BSE. Korean women's breast cancer screening rates are improving even though the rates are still lower than screening rates in the United States. Having a regular check-up and being married were strongly related to all three measures of cancer screening. Further in-depth research is suggested to understand KA women's perspectives on having access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice E Lee
- Department of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Mental Health, and Administrative Nursing, 845 S. Damen Avenue, M/C 802, 60612-5998, USA.
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Juon HS, Choi S, Klassen A, Roter D. Impact of breast cancer screening intervention on Korean-American women in Maryland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 30:297-305. [PMID: 16870356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to mammography guidelines among Korean-American women (KAW) is lower than that of Caucasian-Americans, and disparities in breast cancer screening related to lack of English proficiency is under-researched. This study examined the impact of a breast cancer intervention on intentions to use mammography among KAW. METHODS Face-to-face pre-intervention surveys were conducted in control (n=95) and intervention groups (n=105), and were followed by implementation of a breast cancer education program. At 6 months, both groups were re-interviewed by phone (92 control and 94 intervention participants). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was used to assess the intervention effect before and after the breast cancer educational program. RESULTS The intervention effect was statistically significant. Women in the intervention reported 2.96 times greater posttest intentions to have mammogram than those in the control group (95% CI, 1.13-7.66). Prior intentions, age, and positive attitudes toward mammography were associated with follow-up intentions to have a mammogram. CONCLUSION This culturally and linguistically tailored educational intervention was effective in increasing breast cancer awareness in a non-English speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soon Juon
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Sohn L, Harada ND. Knowledge and use of preventive health practices among Korean women in Los Angeles county. Prev Med 2005; 41:167-78. [PMID: 15917008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study are to determine (1) knowledge and use of preventive health practices, and (2) the relationship between acculturation and preventive health practices, in Korean women. METHODS The data came from the 2000 Korean American Health Survey (KAHS), which includes 656 women. The dependent variables included use of pap smears, physical examinations and mammograms, and use and knowledge of self-breast examinations. Independent variables included demographic and acculturation variables. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess the role of acculturation on dependent variables. RESULTS Some of the acculturation variables significantly predicted preventive practices. Being married (P < 0.0001) and insured (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with receipt of preventive services. A married Korean woman was more likely than an unmarried Korean woman to have a pap smear within 2 years (P < 0.0001), physical exam within 1 year (P < 0.0001), and perform self-breast examinations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Factors related to acculturation influence use of preventive health practices by Korean American women, highlighting the need to consider cultural background in developing systems of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sohn
- Special Fellowship Program in Advanced Geriatrics, Geriatric Research Fellow, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11G 11301 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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Sadler GR, Ryujin L, Nguyen T, Oh G, Paik G, Kustin B. Heterogeneity within the Asian American community. Int J Equity Health 2003; 2:12. [PMID: 14697098 PMCID: PMC328089 DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2002] [Accepted: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Educational interventions are grounded on scientific data and assumptions about the community to be served. While the Pan Asian community is composed of multiple, ethnic subgroups, it is often treated as a single group for which one health promotion program will be applicable for all of its cultural subgroups. Compounding this stereotypical view of the Pan Asian community, there is sparse data about the cultural subgroups' similarities and dissimilarities. The Asian Grocery Store based cancer education program evaluation data provided an opportunity to compare data collected under identical circumstances from members of six Asian American cultural groups. Methods A convenience sample of 1,202 Asian American women evaluated the cultural alignment of a cancer education program, completing baseline and follow-up surveys that included questions about their breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors. Participants took part in a brief education program that facilitated adherence to recommended screening guidelines. Results Unique recruitment methods were needed to attract participants from each ethnic group. Impressions gained from the aggregate data revealed different insights than the disaggregate data. Statistically significant variations existed among the subgroups' breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors that could contribute to health disparities among the subgroups and within the aggregate Pan Asian community. Conclusion Health promotion efforts of providers, educators, and policy makers can be enhanced if cultural differences are identified and taken into account when developing strategies to reduce health disparities and promote health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Robins Sadler
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0658, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0658, USA
| | - Lisa Ryujin
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0658, USA
| | - Tammy Nguyen
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0658, USA
| | - Gia Oh
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0658, USA
| | - Grace Paik
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0658, USA
| | - Brenda Kustin
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0658, USA
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Ko CM, Sadler GR, Ryujin L, Dong A. Filipina American women's breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors. BMC Public Health 2003; 3:27. [PMID: 12921541 PMCID: PMC194635 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-3-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2003] [Accepted: 08/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filipino Americans are the fastest growing Asian minority group in the United States. There is limited knowledge about their breast cancer knowledge, screening practices and attitudes. METHODS As part of the evaluation of the Asian Grocery Store-Based Cancer Education Program, 248 Filipino American women completed baseline and follow-up surveys, while an additional 58 took part in focus groups. RESULTS Compliance with annual clinical breast exam guidelines among women 40 to 49 years old was 43%, and annual mammography use among women 50 and over was 56%. The Asian Grocery Store-Based Cancer Education Program and complementary focus group study identified multiple barriers that hindered women from attending education programs, with time as the most frequently reported barrier. CONCLUSION The Asian Grocery Store-Based Cancer Education Program was reported to be a culturally acceptable and effective way of disseminating breast cancer information and one that addressed the women's most frequently reported barrier, lack of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine M Ko
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
- Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Georgia Robins Sadler
- Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa Ryujin
- Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam Dong
- Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Chee HL, Rashidah S, Shamsuddin K, Intan O. Factors related to the practice of breast self examination (BSE) and Pap smear screening among Malaysian women workers in selected electronics factories. BMC Womens Health 2003; 3:3. [PMID: 12769827 PMCID: PMC165602 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2003] [Accepted: 05/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Malaysian Ministry of Health promotes breast self-examination (BSE) for all women, and Pap smear screening every three years for all sexually active women ages 20 years and above. The objectives of this paper were to examine the practice of these two screening tests among women production workers in electronics factories, and to identify factors related to practice. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of women production workers from ten electronics factories. Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire from a total of 1,720 women. The chi-square test, odds ratio and binomial logistic regression were used in bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Prevalence rates were 24.4% for BSE once a month, and 18.4% for Pap smear examination within the last three years. Women who were significantly more likely to perform BSE every month were 30 years and older, Malays, with upper secondary education and above, answered the BSE question correctly, and had a Pap smear within the last three years. The proportion of women who had a Pap smear within the last three years were significantly higher among those who were older, married, with young children, on the contraceptive pill or intra-uterine device, had a medical examination within the last five years, answered the Pap smear question correctly, and performed BSE monthly. CONCLUSION: Screening practice rates in this study were low when compared to national rates. Socio-demographic and health care factors significantly associated with screening practice are indicative of barriers which should be further understood so that more effective educational and promotional strategies could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- HL Chee
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Rashidah
- Women's Health Development Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - K Shamsuddin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - O Intan
- School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Nguyen V, Sadler GR, Shi M, Gilpin EA, Cruz LA, Blas LA, Blas TLA, Acfalle RMC, Acfalle BAC. Cancer risk factor assessment among Chamorro women. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2003; 18:100-6. [PMID: 12888385 DOI: 10.1207/s15430154jce1802_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the health of Chamorros residing in the United States. METHODS The Chamorro Directory International and CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to assess behavioral risk factors and health needs of San Diego's Chamorro women. RESULTS Of 128 Chamorro women, 42.2% reported having a total frequency of five or more fruits and vegetables daily, 54.5% reported being current on their colorectal cancer screening, and 9.4% smoke. CONCLUSIONS While this sample of Chamorro women reported higher rates of healthpromoting practices than nationwide averages, significant health improvement opportunities remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victori Nguyen
- Moores UCSD Cancer Centre, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, USA
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