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Tobacco Smoking, Cannabis Use, and Binge Drinking Among University Students in France. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Brumboiu I, Porrovecchio A, Peze T, Hurdiel R, Cazacu I, Mogosan C, Ladner J, Tavolacci MP. Neuroenhancement in French and Romanian University Students, Motivations and Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3880. [PMID: 33917251 PMCID: PMC8068007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the use of neuroenhancers, the motivations and factors associated with their use in French and Romanian university students. Students from two universities in France (Rouen and Opal Coast University) and one in Romania (Cluj-Napoca) were asked to complete a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, either online or on paper, about the use of three different categories of substance: Prescription drugs (methylphenidate, modafinil, and beta-blockers), drugs of abuse (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines), and soft enhancers (coffee, vitamins, caffeine tablets, and energy drinks). In total, 1110 students were included: The users were 2.2% for prescription drugs, 4.3% for drugs of abuse, and 55.0% for soft enhancers. Students used neuroenhancement to stay awake for study (69.3%), to improve concentration (55.5%), to decrease stress (40.9%), and to improve memory (39.6%). Neuroenhancement was considered to meet expectations by 74.4% of users. The factors associated with the use of drugs of abuse were frequent binge drinking (Adjusted Odds Ratio-AOR: 6.49 [95% CI: 2.53-16.6]), smoking (AOR: 5.50 [95% CI: 2.98-10.14]), having a student job (AOR: 2.42 [95% CI 1.13-5.17]), and being male (AOR: 2.23 [95% CI:1.21-4.11]). No significant associations with eating disorders were detected for any of the three categories of substances. University students reported neuroenhancement with prescription drugs, drugs of abuse, and mainly soft enhancers. These substances were used mainly to increase the waking hours. Educational programs in universities seem to be required in order to increase student awareness of the problems caused by neuroenhancements, and to decrease the associated risks by changing students' attitudes and beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Brumboiu
- Cluj-Napoca Unit—The Net-Work of International Francophone Clinical Epidemiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (I.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Porrovecchio
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Lille Artois ULR 7369—URePSSS—Unité de Recherche Pluridiscipli-Naire Sport Santé Société, F-59375 Dunkerque, France; (A.P.); (T.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Thierry Peze
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Lille Artois ULR 7369—URePSSS—Unité de Recherche Pluridiscipli-Naire Sport Santé Société, F-59375 Dunkerque, France; (A.P.); (T.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Remy Hurdiel
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Lille Artois ULR 7369—URePSSS—Unité de Recherche Pluridiscipli-Naire Sport Santé Société, F-59375 Dunkerque, France; (A.P.); (T.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Irina Cazacu
- Cluj-Napoca Unit—The Net-Work of International Francophone Clinical Epidemiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (I.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Mogosan
- Cluj-Napoca Unit—The Net-Work of International Francophone Clinical Epidemiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (I.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Joel Ladner
- Clinical Investigation Center 1404 and INSERM 1073, Rouen University Hospital and Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and INSERM 1073, Rouen University Hospital and Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France
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Sabbah H, Berbari R, Khamis R, Zorkot D, Sabbah S, Droubi N, Sabbah I. The Social Media and Technology Addiction and Its Associated Factors among University Students in Lebanon Using the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale (MTUAS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/jcc.2019.711007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Boulton MA, O'Connell KA. Relationship of Student Nurses' Substance Misuse to Perceptions of Peer Substance Use and Harmfulness. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:310-316. [PMID: 29579530 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tavolacci MP, Delay J, Grigioni S, Déchelotte P, Ladner J. Changes and specificities in health behaviors among healthcare students over an 8-year period. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194188. [PMID: 29566003 PMCID: PMC5863977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare students are future health care providers and serve as role models and coaches to enhance behaviors for healthy lifestyles. However healthcare students face multiple stressors that could lead to adopting risk behaviors. OBJECTIVES To assess the changes in health risk factors among healthcare students between 2007 and 2015, and to identify specific health behaviors based on the curriculum in a population of healthcare students. METHODS Two cross sectionnal studies were conducted in 2007 and 2015 among nursing, medical, pharmacy, and physiotherapy students (Rouen, France). During compulsory courses and examination sessions students filled self-administered questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics and behavior as: tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, cannabis consumption, eating disorders, regular practice of sport, perceived health, stress and use of psychotropic drugs. RESULTS 2,605 healthcare students were included (1,326 in 2007 and 1,279 in 2015), comprising 1,225 medical students (47.0%), 738 nursing students (28.3%), 362 pharmacy students (13.9%), and 280 physiotherapy students (10.8%). Between 2007 and 2015, occasional binge drinking and regular practice of sport increased significantly among healthcare students, respectively AOR = 1.48 CI95% (1.20-1.83) and AOR = 1.33 CI95% (1.11-1.60), regular cannabis consumption decreased significantly, AOR = 0.32 CI95% (0.19-0.54). There was no change in smoking or overweight/obese. There was a higher risk of frequent binge drinking and a lower risk of tobacco smoking in all curricula than in nursing students. Medical students practiced sport on a more regular basis, were less overweight/obese, had fewer eating disorders than nursing students. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a stable frequency of classic behaviors as smoking but a worsening of emerging behaviors as binge drinking among healthcare students between 2007 and 2015. Health behaviors differed according to healthcare curricula and nursing students demonstrated higher risks. As health behaviors are positively related to favorable attitudes towards preventive counseling, therefore healthcare students should receive training in preventive counseling and develop healthy lifestyles targeted according to the health curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Tavolacci
- Clinical Investigation Center 1404, IRIB, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - J. Delay
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Rouen, France
| | - S. Grigioni
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Rouen, France
| | - P. Déchelotte
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Rouen, France
| | - J. Ladner
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Rouen, France
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Cerrada CJ, Unger JB, Huh J. Correlates of Perceived Smoking Prevalence Among Korean American Emerging Adults. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 18:1183-1189. [PMID: 27075031 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Perceived smoking prevalence, a strong predictor of actual smoking behavior, may be influenced by the ethnicity and gender of the reference group presented to Korean American emerging adults. Self-identifying Korean and Korean Americans aged 18-25 (N = 475), were invited to complete a 15-20 min online survey about their attitudes towards smoking. Predictors of perceived smoking prevalence were evaluated separately for four reference groups: Caucasian Americans, Korean Americans in general, Korean American men, and Korean American women. Respondents' smoking status was associated with perceived smoking prevalence for all reference groups except Caucasian Americans, even among light smokers. Father's smoking status was associated with perceived smoking prevalence for Korean American men, only among females respondents. Findings suggest that ethnicity and gender of both the reference group and respondents influence smoking rate estimates. Tailoring intervention content to the target population's gender and ethnicity may be a way to enhance smoking prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Cerrada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
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Dir AL, Bell RL, Adams ZW, Hulvershorn LA. Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Adolescent Binge Drinking and Implications for Intervention and Prevention. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:289. [PMID: 29312017 PMCID: PMC5743668 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use, particularly binge drinking (BD), is a major public health concern among adolescents. Recent national data show that the gender gap in alcohol use is lessening, and BD among girls is rising. Considering the increase in BD among adolescent girls, as well as females' increased risk of experiencing more severe biopsychosocial negative effects and consequences from BD, the current review sought to examine gender differences in risk factors for BD. The review highlights gender differences in (1) developmental-related neurobiological vulnerability to BD, (2) psychiatric comorbidity and risk phenotypes for BD, and (3) social-related risk factors for BD among adolescents, as well as considerations for BD prevention and intervention. Most of the information gleaned thus far has come from preclinical research. However, it is expected that, with recent advances in clinical imaging technology, neurobiological effects observed in lower mammals will be confirmed in humans and vice versa. A synthesis of the literature highlights that males and females experience unique neurobiological paths of development, and although there is debate regarding the specific nature of these differences, literature suggests that these differences in turn influence gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity and risk for BD. For one, girls are more susceptible to stress, depression, and other internalizing behaviors and, in turn, these symptoms contribute to their risk for BD. On the other hand, males, given gender differences across the lifespan as well as gender differences in development, are driven by an externalizing phenotype for risk of BD, in part, due to unique paths of neurobiological development that occur across adolescence. With respect to social domains, although social and peer influences are important for both adolescent males and females, there are gender differences. For example, girls may be more sensitive to pressure from peers to fit in and impress others, while male gender role stereotypes regarding BD may be more of a risk factor for boys. Given these unique differences in male and female risk for BD, further research exploring risk factors, as well as tailoring intervention and prevention, is necessary. Although recent research has tailored substance use intervention to target males and females, more literature on gender considerations in treatment for prevention and intervention of BD in particular is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Dir
- Department of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zachary W Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Leslie A Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Görgülü Y, Çakir D, Sönmez MB, Köse Çinar R, Vardar ME. Alcohol and Psychoactive Substance Use among University Students in Edirne and Related Parameters. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:163-168. [PMID: 28360790 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2015.9907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol and psychoactive substance use and their effects are an important issue among adolescents and young adults. Different results have been reported about the frequency of alcohol and psychoactive substance use among university students in studies conducted both in Turkey and in different places worldwide. METHODS The frequency of alcohol and psychoactive substance use among Trakya University students (n=1385) and the related parameters were studied cross-sectionally using a self-reporting questionnaire. RESULTS Alcohol was the most common substance used (30%), followed by tobacco (29.9%) and marijuana (3.1%). The frequency of alcohol and psychoactive substance use was found to be higher among males with higher amounts of pocket money, whose parents experienced more conflict in their relationship, and who belong to families with a higher education and income level. CONCLUSION The frequency of alcohol and psychoactive substance use among Trakya University students was found to be lower than other regions in Turkey and particularly lower than the levels reported in studies conducted in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Görgülü
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Diğdem Çakir
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Muğla Milas State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
| | | | - Rugül Köse Çinar
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdal Vardar
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Tavolacci MP, Vasiliu A, Romo L, Kotbagi G, Kern L, Ladner J. Patterns of electronic cigarette use in current and ever users among college students in France: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011344. [PMID: 27235301 PMCID: PMC4885437 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is sparse information on electronic cigarette use and health behaviours among college student populations. Our objectives were to identify the patterns of electronic cigarette use in current and ever users among college students in France. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted on two major campuses in France. Students filled in an anonymous questionnaire on their use of electronic cigarettes and on targeted behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, use of cannabis, practice of sport and eating disorders. Ever use of electronic cigarettes was defined as use but not during the previous 30 days, and current use of electronic cigarettes as any use in the previous 30 days. The opinions and motivations of electronic cigarette users were also sought and collected. PARTICIPANTS 1134 college students between October 2014 and February 2015. RESULTS The 1134 students included had a mean age of 20.8 years. The prevalence of ever use and current use of electronic cigarettes was 23.0% (95% CI (20.5% to 25.3%)) and 5.7% (95% CI (4.4% to 7.1%)), respectively. The prevalence of the combined use of conventional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes was 14.5%. Almost half (45.8%) of the ever users of electronic cigarettes had never smoked conventional cigarettes. Behaviours associated with ever use of electronic cigarettes were current cigarette smoking (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.97, 95% CI 2.71 to 5.83), former smoking (AOR=2.56, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.61), cannabis use (AOR=2.44, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.51) and occasional binge drinking (AOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.64). The only behaviour associated with current use of electronic cigarettes was conventional smoking, either previously (AOR=4.85, 95% CI 1.53 to 15.34) or currently (AOR=14.53, 95% CI 6.81 to 31.02). CONCLUSIONS The ever users have an experimenter's profile with sensation-seeking while the current users are mostly smokers with intention to quit smoking. Our findings are crucial for the accurate targeting of student populations at risk and to implement appropriate awareness campaigns and health education programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- Clinical Investigation Center CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France INSERM 1073, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France
| | - Anca Vasiliu
- Clinical Investigation Center CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA 2931, CeSRM-UFR-STAPS-Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Paris, France
| | - Gayatri Kotbagi
- EA 2931, CeSRM-UFR-STAPS-Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Kern
- EA 2931, CeSRM-UFR-STAPS-Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Paris, France
| | - Joël Ladner
- INSERM 1073, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France
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Tavolacci MP, Boerg E, Richard L, Meyrignac G, Dechelotte P, Ladner J. Prevalence of binge drinking and associated behaviours among 3286 college students in France. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:178. [PMID: 26905284 PMCID: PMC4765104 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies conducted on characteristics of binge drinking and associated behaviours in college student populations are scarce especially in France. Hence, it is important to identify risk factors for binge drinking at university, especially those which may be changed. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of binge drinking and associated behaviours across a large sample of college students in Upper Normandy (France). Methods A cross sectional study was performed between November 2009 and February 2013 and data on socioeconomic characteristics and behavioural risk factors were collected: alcohol (consumption and misuse of alcohol, occasional and frequent binge drinking), tobacco, cannabis, cyberaddiction, stress and depression. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was filled out by college student volunteers from Upper Normandy (France) either online or by paper questionnaire. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression models. Results A total of 3286 students were included. The mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) age of students was 20.8 years (SD = 2.1) with a male–female ratio of 0.60. The prevalence of binge drinking in the never, occasional and frequent categories was respectively 34.9 %, 51.3 %, and 13.8 %. The mean number of units of alcohol consumed per week (except BD episodes) was 0.78 for never, 3.7 for occasional and 10.5 for frequent binge drinkers (p < 0.0001). A positive relation was observed between frequent binge drinking and the following: male gender (AOR 4.77 95 % CI (3.43–6.63); p < 0.0001), living in rented accommodation AOR 1.70 95 % CI (1.21-2.40; p < 0.0001), attending business school AOR 4.72 95 % CI (2.76–8.08; p < 0.0001), regular practice of sport AOR 1.70 95 % CI (1.24–2.34; p = 0.001), smoking AOR 5.89 95 % CI (4.03–8.60; p < 0.0001), occasional cannabis use AOR 12.66 95 % CI (8.97–17.87;p < 0.0001), and alcohol abuse AOR 19.25 95 % CI (13.4–27.72; p < .0001). A negative association was observed between frequent binge drinking and grant holder status, living in couples, and stress. Conclusions This study highlights the spread of binge drinking among college students and identifies student populations at risk: male gender, living in rented accommodation, regular practice of sport, and other risk behaviours such as use of tobacco, cannabis and alcohol. These behaviours increase with the frequency of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- Rouen University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France. .,Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, Inserm U1073, Rouen, France.
| | - Eloïse Boerg
- Rouen University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France
| | - Laure Richard
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Gilles Meyrignac
- Department of Preventive Medicine of University, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Dechelotte
- Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, Inserm U1073, Rouen, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Joël Ladner
- Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, Inserm U1073, Rouen, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Tavolacci MP, Grigioni S, Richard L, Meyrignac G, Déchelotte P, Ladner J. Eating Disorders and Associated Health Risks Among University Students. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 47:412-20.e1. [PMID: 26363936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of eating disorders among university students and its relationship to behavioral characteristics and substance use. DESIGN Cross-sectional study collected socioeconomic characteristics and behavioral risk. SETTING University of Upper Normandy, France. PARTICIPANTS University student volunteers. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST The Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) screening test was used to identify subjects with eating disorders by a confidential questionnaire self-administered either online or on paper. ANALYSIS Multivariate logistic regression models with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS A total of 3,457 students were included with a male-to-female ratio of 0.57. The prevalence of positive SCOFF screening was 20.5% among students. A positive relation between the positive SCOFF was observed with female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-3.89; P < .001), stress (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.09-1.12; P < .001), depression (AOR, 8.62; 95% CI, 3.37-22.10; P < .001) alcohol abuse problems (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.20-1.95; P = .006), and risk of cyber-addiction (AOR, 5.09; 95% CI, 2.69-9.62; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Eating disorders are highly prevalent among university students in France and associated with other behavior risks, stress, and depression. It might prove necessary in the future to screen students with the SCOFF questionnaire upon entry to the university to inform student about the risk of eating disorders and advise them to consult with their general practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Tavolacci
- Clinical Investigation Center 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; INSERM UMR 1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.
| | - Sébastien Grigioni
- INSERM UMR 1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Laure Richard
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Gilles Meyrignac
- Department of Preventive Medicine of University, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- INSERM UMR 1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Joël Ladner
- INSERM UMR 1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Roncero C, Rodríguez-Cintas L, Egido A, Barral C, Pérez-Pazos J, Collazos F, Grau-López L, Casas M. The influence of medical student gender and drug use on the detection of addiction in patients. J Addict Dis 2015; 33:277-88. [PMID: 25299484 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2014.969600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about medical students' interest in their training on drug addiction, their personal experience of consumption, and whether these aspects influence the detection of addiction in patients. Eighty-eight and one half percent considered that drug dependence issues are important to their professional future. The students report consuming alcohol (69%), cigarettes (19.5%), and illegal drugs (15.8%). Female students consumed fewer illegal drugs than the men (p =.022). Male students consumed more illegal drugs more frequently (p =.005), knew more consumers (p =.023), and those who drink alcohol consumed more illegal drugs than women who drink alcohol (p <.005). Drug and alcohol consumption among medical students may serve to normalize consumption and thus, may prevent the detection of addicts. It is important to educate and raise awareness about drugs and alcohol use, as this may influence detection. The focus should be particularly on the male group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- a Outpatient Drug Clinic (CAS) Vall Hebron, Psychiatry Services Hospital , Universitario Vall Hebron-ASPB , Barcelona , Spain
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Ghuman S, Meyer-Weitz A, Knight S. Prevalence patterns and predictors of alcohol use and abuse among secondary school students in southern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: demographic factors and the influence of parents and peers. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2012.10874192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Ghuman
- Department of Environmental Health, Mangosuthu University of Technology
| | - A Meyer-Weitz
- School of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - S Knight
- Department of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
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Bertholet N, Faouzi M, Studer J, Daeppen JB, Gmel G. Perception of tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use of others is associated with one's own use. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2013; 8:15. [PMID: 24499600 PMCID: PMC3853223 DOI: 10.1186/1940-0640-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interventions have been developed to reduce overestimations of substance use among others, especially for alcohol and among students. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on misperceptions of use for substances other than alcohol. We studied the prevalence of misperceptions of use for tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol and whether the perception of tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use by others is associated with one’s own use. Methods Participants (n = 5216) in a cohort study from a census of 20-year-old men (N = 11,819) estimated the prevalence of tobacco and cannabis use among peers of the same age and sex and the percentage of their peers drinking more alcohol than they did. Using the census data, we determined whether participants overestimated, accurately estimated, or underestimated substance use by others. Regression models were used to compare substance use by those who overestimated or underestimated peer substance with those who accurately estimated peer use. Other variables included in the analyses were the presence of close friends with alcohol or other drug problems and family history of substance use. Results Tobacco use by others was overestimated by 46.1% and accurately estimated by 37.3% of participants. Cannabis use by others was overestimated by 21.8% and accurately estimated by 31.6% of participants. Alcohol use by others was overestimated by more than half (53.4%) of participants and accurately estimated by 31.0%. In multivariable models, compared with participants who accurately estimated tobacco use by others, those who overestimated it reported smoking more cigarettes per week (incidence rate ratio [IRR] [95% CI], 1.17 [range, 1.05, 1.32]). There was no difference in the number of cigarettes smoked per week between those underestimating and those accurately estimating tobacco use by others (IRR [95% CI], 0.99 [range, 0.84, 1.17]). Compared with participants accurately estimating cannabis use by others, those who overestimated it reported more days of cannabis use per month (IRR [95% CI], 1.43 [range, 1.21, 1.70]), whereas those who underestimated it reported fewer days of cannabis use per month (IRR [95% CI], 0.62 [range, 0.23, 0.75]). Compared with participants accurately estimating alcohol use by others, those who overestimated it reported consuming more drinks per week (IRR [95% CI], 1.57 [range, 1.43, 1.72]), whereas those who underestimated it reported consuming fewer drinks per week (IRR [95% CI], 0.41 [range, 0.34, 0.50]). Conclusions Perceptions of substance use by others are associated with one’s own use. In particular, overestimating use by others is frequent among young men and is associated with one’s own greater consumption. This association is independent of the substance use environment, indicating that, even in the case of proximity to a heavy-usage group, perception of use by others may influence one’s own use. If preventive interventions are to be based on normative feedback, and their aim is to reduce overestimations of use by others, then the prevalence of overestimation indicates that they may be of benefit to roughly half the population; or, in the case of cannabis, to as few as 20%. Such interventions should take into account differing strengths of association across substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bertholet
- Alcohol Treatment Center, Department of Community Medicine and Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Beaumont 21b, P2, Lausanne, CHUV 1011, Switzerland.
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Rodriguez D, Carlos HA, Adachi-Mejia AM, Berke EM, Sargent JD. Predictors of tobacco outlet density nationwide: a geographic analysis. Tob Control 2013; 22:349-55. [PMID: 22491038 PMCID: PMC3431432 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate how demographics of US Census tracts are related to tobacco outlet density (TOD). METHOD The authors conducted a nationwide assessment of the association between socio-demographic US Census indicators and the density of tobacco outlets across all 64,909 census tracts in the continental USA. Retail tobacco outlet addresses were determined through North American Industry Classification System codes, and density per 1000 population was estimated for each census tract. Independent variables included urban/rural; proportion of the population that was black, Hispanic and women with low levels of education; proportion of families living in poverty and median household size. RESULTS In a multivariate analysis, there was a higher TOD per 1000 population in urban than in rural locations. Furthermore, higher TOD was associated with larger proportions of blacks, Hispanics, women with low levels of education and with smaller household size. Urban-rural differences in the relation between demographics and TOD were found in all socio-demographic categories, with the exception of poverty, but were particularly striking for Hispanics, for whom the relation with TOD was 10 times larger in urban compared with rural census tracts. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that tobacco outlets are more concentrated in areas where people with higher risk for negative health outcomes reside. Future studies should examine the relation between TOD and smoking, smoking cessation, as well as disease rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodriguez
- LaSalle University, Graduate Clinical Counseling Psychology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Tavolacci MP, Ladner J, Grigioni S, Richard L, Villet H, Dechelotte P. Prevalence and association of perceived stress, substance use and behavioral addictions: a cross-sectional study among university students in France, 2009-2011. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:724. [PMID: 23919651 PMCID: PMC3750571 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students face multiple stressors such as academic overload, constant pressure to succeed, competition with peers as well as concerns about the future. Stress should not be considered on its own, but should be associated with potential risk behaviors leading to onset of substance use and related problems heightened during the university period. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of main substance use and behavioral addictions among students in higher education in France and to examine the relationship with perceived stress. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by university student volunteers from Upper Normandy (France) either by anonymous online questionnaire or by paper questionnaire. Data collected included socio-economic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis) and hazardous behaviors: alcohol abuse problems, smoking, consumption of cannabis, eating disorders, and cyber addiction. RESULTS A total of 1876 students were included. Mean PSS score was 15.9 (standard deviation = 7.2). Highly stressed students (4th quartile) were compared with lesser stressed students (1st quartile). A positive relation was observed between female gender, regular smokers, alcohol abuse problems, risk of cyberaddiction and especially eating disorders (AOR = 5.45, 95% CI = 3.42-8.69), and increasing PSS score. PSS score however, was not significantly related to the curriculum, regular alcohol use, drunkenness or binge drinking even after additional controlling for use of other substances. We found a significant negative association between stress and practice of sport: students with the most physical activity were less likely to report perceived stress (4th quartile: AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39-0.80). CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study among university students in France revealed that perceived stress was associated not only with known risks such as alcohol misuse, but also with new risks such as eating disorders and cyber addiction. These results could help to develop preventive interventions focussing on these risk behaviors and subsequently improving stress coping capacity in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Tavolacci
- Rouen University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 0204, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex 76031, France
- Inserm, U1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Joel Ladner
- Inserm, U1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Sebastien Grigioni
- Inserm, U1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Laure Richard
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Pierre Dechelotte
- Inserm, U1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Moore GF, Williams A, Moore L, Murphy S. An exploratory cluster randomised trial of a university halls of residence based social norms marketing campaign to reduce alcohol consumption among 1st year students. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2013; 8:15. [PMID: 23594918 PMCID: PMC3639934 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This exploratory trial examines the feasibility of implementing a social norms marketing campaign to reduce student drinking in universities in Wales, and evaluating it using cluster randomised trial methodology. METHODS Fifty residence halls in 4 universities in Wales were randomly assigned to intervention or control arms. Web and paper surveys were distributed to students within these halls (n = 3800), assessing exposure/contamination, recall of and evaluative responses to intervention messages, perceived drinking norms and personal drinking behaviour. Measures included the Drinking Norms Rating Form, the Daily Drinking Questionnaire and AUDIT-C. RESULTS A response rate of 15% (n = 554) was achieved, varying substantially between sites. Intervention posters were seen by 80% and 43% of students in intervention and control halls respectively, with most remaining materials seen by a minority in both groups. Intervention messages were rated as credible and relevant by little more than half of students, though fewer felt they would influence their behaviour, with lighter drinkers more likely to perceive messages as credible. No differences in perceived norms were observed between intervention and control groups. Students reporting having seen intervention materials reported lower descriptive and injunctive norms than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Attention is needed to enhancing exposure, credibility and perceived relevance of intervention messages, particularly among heavier drinkers, before definitive evaluation can be recommended. A definitive evaluation would need to consider how it would achieve sufficient response rates, whilst hall-level cluster randomisation appears subject to a significant degree of contamination. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN: ISRCTN48556384.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham F Moore
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK.
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Sabbah I, Sabbah H, Khamis R, Sabbah S, Droubi N. Health related quality of life of university students in Lebanon: Lifestyles behaviors and socio-demographic predictors. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.57a4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lifestyle and health among Spanish university students: differences by gender and academic discipline. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2728-2741. [PMID: 23066393 PMCID: PMC3447583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9082728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Today the need to analyze health behaviour from a gender perspective is as imminent as ever, particularly at university, where the number of women who register is on the rise and has exceeded the number of male students worldwide. We carried out a prevalence study aimed at analyzing Spanish university students’ lifestyles and identify differences according to gender and academic discipline. Of 3,646 eligible subjects doing university courses related to health (Group A), education (Group B) and other professions (Group C), 985 (27.0%) participated in the study. Information was elicited about their physical activity level, disturbed eating attitudes, consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illegal substances. Prevalence and Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated according to sex and kind of academic discipline. The obtained data confirmed that only 27.4% of the students were considered as sufficiently active, while 14.9% of them suffered from disturbed eating attitudes (DEA). Women were particularly less active (OR 0.46 (0.32–0.66); p < 0.0001), and more sedentary than men (OR 1.40 (1.00–1.97); p = 0.03). Binge drinking was more frequent in female than in male students (OR 1.79 (1.29–2.47); p = 0.0004). A third of the analyzed sample admitted that they had used illegal substances, while a lower consumption prevalence was found in women (OR 0.53 (0.40–0.71); p < 0.0001). The studied population was not very active (27.4%), especially women (OR = 0.45). Therefore, it seems that Spanish university students lead an unhealthy lifestyle, a situation which seems more conspicuous amongst females.
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Reported risky sexual practices amongst female undergraduate students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2011. [PMCID: PMC4565447 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v3i1.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In South Africa, youths aged 15–24 years are at a higher risk of HIV infections than other age groups, and female youths are at a greater risk than their male counterparts. An essential step in controlling the pandemic of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is to help adolescents to reduce or avoid unsafe sexual practices. Objective This study was designed to establish risky sexual practices amongst female undergraduate students. Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in September 2009 amongst full-time female undergraduate students. A multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit 391 students for the study. Results The mean age of the students was 21.4 ± 3.2 years (range 17–45 years). More than half (52.4%) of the students were sexually active. The median age at first sexual intercourse was 19.0 years (range 12–24 years). Participants who had multiple sexual partners had a median of 2 (range, 2–4) sexual partners. The majority (89.3%) of the students used contraceptives. Almost half (41.5%), sometimes or rarely, used contraceptives during sex. With regard to substance use, 57.5% and 6.9% respectively drank alcohol and used drugs. Sexually active students had 1.5 times (OR = 1.5, p = 0.04), (OR = Odds Ratio), more chances of consuming alcohol than those who were not sexually active. Students with multiple sexual partners were 7 times more likely to consume alcohol compared to those who did not have multiple partners (OR = 6.9, p = 0.004). Students with multiple sexual partners had 3.5 times more chances of taking drugs compared to students with one steady partner (OR = 3.5, p = 0.038). Conclusion A large number of female university students are engaging in risky sexual practices. University Management should concentrate on developing and implementing policies to promote safer sexual practices, in particular targeting consequences of STIs and HIV and methods to minimise the risk.
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