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Pellerin N, Raufaste E, Corman M, Teissedre F, Dambrun M. Psychological resources and flexibility predict resilient mental health trajectories during the French covid-19 lockdown. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10674. [PMID: 35739290 PMCID: PMC9219392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of lockdowns and the Covid-19 pandemic situation have negatively impacted mental health (anxiety, depression). However, little is known about individual differences in the longitudinal reactions to lockdown. We designed a longitudinal study (a) to identify the various trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population during and after lockdown; (b) to determine which positive psychological resources prevent individuals from falling into groups with the most severe trajectories; (c) to test the mediating role of psychological flexibility. We collected and analysed longitudinal data on a sample of French participants (N = 1399, Mage = 43.4; SDage = 12; 87.8% women) during the end of the first lockdown. Participants were asked to report their psychological resources and (in)flexibility at baseline and symptoms of anxiety and depression at each measurment occasion (five weekly observations from 17 March to 11 May 2020, including baseline). Using growth mixture modelling, seven dynamic profiles of symptoms were identified: four for depression and three for anxiety. Resilience emerged as the most frequent trajectory. Wisdom, optimism, hope, self-efficacy and peaceful disengagement significantly prevented individuals from belonging to the symptomatic groups. Moreover, psychological flexibility emerged as a significant mediator of these effects. This study highlights the importance of cultivating protective factors and psychological flexibility to prevent mental health damage during potentially traumatic events (PTE) and to favour resilience trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pellerin
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Eric Raufaste
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Maya Corman
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Michael Dambrun
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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2
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Lew D, Huang X, Kellahan SR, Xian H, Eisen S, Kim AHJ. Anxiety Symptoms Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Persist Over Time and Are Independent of SLE Disease Activity. ACR Open Rheumatol 2022; 4:432-440. [PMID: 35191213 PMCID: PMC9096521 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to identify patterns of anxiety symptomology over time among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to assess the longitudinal relationship between SLE disease activity and anxiety symptomology. METHODS Longitudinal data from 139 patients with American College of Rheumatology or Systemic Lupus International Collborating Clinic (SLICC)-classified SLE were analyzed. Anxiety symptomology was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Emotional Distress: Anxiety Short Form 8a. SLE disease activity was measured using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2000 (S2K) and S2K Responder Index 50 (S2K RI-50). Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identified longitudinal trajectories of anxiety symptomology. The relationship between disease activity and anxiety over time was assessed using multilevel linear regressions. RESULTS The mean patient age was 40.2 years (standard deviation [SD], 12.7); 90.6% were female, and 56.1% were of Black race. All patients had at least three PROMIS anxiety scores over an average of 30.9 months (SD, 13.0). GBTM identified four trajectories of anxiety symptomology, labeled as the following: low (LA), average (AA), moderate (MA), and high anxiety (HA). Black patients were 2.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-5.12) times as likely as White patients to be classified into the MA or HA groups compared with the LA or AA groups. On multivariable analysis, active SLE disease was not significantly associated with anxiety over time (P = 0.19). CONCLUSION Anxiety trajectories remained stable over time, and racial differences in anxiety severity were observed. SLE disease activity was not longitudinally associated with anxiety after controlling for depression and other factors. Further understanding of the factors that contribute to the persistence of anxiety among individuals with SLE is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Lew
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Xinliang Huang
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Sara R. Kellahan
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Hong Xian
- Saint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Seth Eisen
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Alfred H. J. Kim
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
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3
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Straiton M, Hollander AC, Hynek KA, Liefbroer AC, Hauge LJ. The relationship between motherhood and use of mental health care services among married migrant and non-migrant women: a national register study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:211. [PMID: 35313854 PMCID: PMC8939178 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giving birth to one's first child is a life changing event. Beyond the post-partum period, little is known about the association between becoming a mother and mental disorder among migrant women. This study investigates outpatient mental health (OPMH) service use, a proxy for mental disorder, among married migrant and non-migrant women who become mothers and those who do not. METHODS Using Norwegian register data, we followed 90,195 married women, aged 18-40 years, with no children at baseline between 2008-2013 to see if becoming a mother was associated with OPMH service use. Data were analysed using discrete time analyses. RESULTS We found an interaction between motherhood and migrant category. Married non-migrant mothers, both in the perinatal period and beyond, had lower odds of OPMH use than married non-mothers. There was no association between motherhood and OPMH service use for migrants. However, there was no significant interaction between motherhood and migrant category when we excluded women who had been in Norway less than five years. Among women aged 25-40 years, a stable labour market attachment was associated with lower odds of OPMH use for non-migrants but not migrants, regardless of motherhood status. CONCLUSIONS The perinatal period is not associated with increased odds of OPMH use and appears to be associated with lower odds for married non-migrant women. Selection effects and barriers to care may explain the lack of difference in OPMH service use that we found across motherhood status and labour market attachment for married migrant women. Married migrant women in general have a lower level of OPMH use than married non-migrants. Married migrant women with less than five years in Norway and those with no/weak labour market attachment may experience the greatest barriers to care. Further research to bridge the gap between need for, and use of, mental health care among migrant women is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Straiton
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anna-Clara Hollander
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Angelika Hynek
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, PO Box 11650, 2502, AR, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Luo Z, Xue L, Ma L, Liu Z. Comorbid Anxiety and Depression and Related Factors Among Pregnant and Postpartum Chinese Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:701629. [PMID: 34733199 PMCID: PMC8558209 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) and analyze the relationship between CAD and sociodemographic and obstetric-related variables in pregnant and postpartum Chinese women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants were 2,237 pregnant and postpartum women (aged 19-47 years) who visited various medical institutions in China between February 28, 2020, and April 26, 2020. They were asked to complete an online survey assessing the anxiety and depression, obstetric characteristics, and sociodemographic variables. The women were grouped into the following categories in accordance with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): (a) CAD, (b) "anxiety only," (c) "depression only," and (d) "no depression or anxiety." After estimating the prevalence of CAD, "anxiety only," and "depression only," we carried out chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the related factors between these groups of pregnant and postpartum Chinese women. Results: Comorbid anxiety and depression, "anxiety only," and "depression only," occurred in 6.3, 5.8, and 3.9% of participants, respectively. The prevalence rates of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and the postpartum period were found to be 7.4, 6.5, 5.7, and 8.2%, respectively. The factors that differed among the groups were age (p < 0.05), marital status (p < 0.001), level of education (p < 0.05), family support (p < 0.001), and total live births (p < 0.001). "Poor family support" (odds ratio (OR): 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-2.78; p = 0.0009) and "no birth" (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.32-2.75; p = 0.0006) remained significant factors for the CAD group, while "poor family support" (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.34-3.47; p = 0.0015) remained a significant factor for the "depression only" group when their results were compared to those of the "no depression or anxiety" group in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Pregnant and postpartum Chinese women with poor family support and primipara are at high risk for CAD during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for targeted perinatal programs to address CAD in pregnant and postpartum women during the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Understanding trajectories of externalizing problems: Stability and emergence of risk factors from infancy to middle adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:264-283. [PMID: 32366334 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to understand the processes that underlie the development of externalizing behavior problems, it is still unclear why externalizing problems remain chronically high for some children, emerge early and cease by late childhood for others, and arise in adolescence in some cases. The purpose of this study was to examine how a wide range of child and family risk factors are linked to trajectories of externalizing behavior and how these relationships vary from infancy to middle adolescence. We used data from the community-based Norwegian Tracking Opportunities and Problems (TOPP) study sample (n = 921). A Cholesky factorization model was specified to separate stable and emerging risk doses across four developmental periods (infancy, early and middle childhood, and middle adolescence). Children in the High Stable class were characterized by substantially elevated risk levels in multiple domains throughout the study period. Children in the High Childhood Limited class had very high levels of temperamental emotionality, internalizing symptoms, and maternal mental distress, suggesting a substantial intrinsic emotional basis for their externalizing problems. Intrinsic factors seemed less salient for the Adolescent Onset class. These findings emphasize the need for a dynamic perspective on risk factors and support the importance of prevention and intervention efforts across multiple domains from early childhood and throughout adolescence.
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Sequeira SL, Morrow KE, Silk JS, Kolko DJ, Pilkonis PA, Lindhiem O. National Norms and Correlates of the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 in Parents of School-age Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 30:2303-2314. [PMID: 34230796 PMCID: PMC8249213 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive disorders are global public health concerns, and research suggests that these disorders are common in parents and can adversely influence family functioning. However, little is known about normative levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in parents of school-age children. The present study reports on generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in 1570 parents and guardians of a nationally representative sample of children ages five to twelve years using two widely used and validated questionnaires: the eight-item variant of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Moderate to severe levels of generalized anxiety symptoms were reported in 12.7% of the total sample and moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms were reported in 14.1% of the sample; 17.7% of the sample reported moderate to severe levels of either generalized anxiety or depressive symptoms. This percentage was higher for females, younger parents and guardians, and parents and guardians reporting lower household incomes. These data, collected online in early 2018, may be useful for researchers and clinicians studying and treating anxiety and depression in parents. Further, these data provide a baseline for researchers currently studying the impact of changes related to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (e.g., school closures) on the mental health of parents of school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayley E. Morrow
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - David J. Kolko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Paul A. Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Oliver Lindhiem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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7
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Walker AL, Peters PH, de Rooij SR, Henrichs J, Witteveen AB, Verhoeven CJM, Vrijkotte TGM, de Jonge A. The Long-Term Impact of Maternal Anxiety and Depression Postpartum and in Early Childhood on Child and Paternal Mental Health at 11-12 Years Follow-Up. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:562237. [PMID: 33192681 PMCID: PMC7531027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.562237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum maternal anxiety and depression can affect child development and family functioning. However, the long-term impact of postpartum maternal anxiety and depression on child and paternal mental health is understudied. The present large-scale prospective cohort study is one of the first to investigate whether maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms postpartum and at child age 5-6 years separately and synergistically increase paternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and child emotional problems in early adolescence at age 11-12 years. Secondly, we investigated whether concurrent paternal anxiety and depressive symptoms at child age 11-12 years moderated the association between maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms in the postpartum period and at child age 5-6 years with child emotional problems at age 11-12 years. METHODS This study is part of the Amsterdam Born Children and Development (ABCD) cohort study, the Netherlands (N = 2.298). Maternal postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at 13 weeks postpartum. Maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms at child age 5-6 years and parental anxiety and depressive symptoms at 11-12 years were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Child emotional problems were reported by the child and a teacher using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariable linear regression was conducted, adjusted for demographic, perinatal/obstetric confounders, and affective symptoms of the other family members at 11-12 years. RESULTS Neither maternal anxiety nor depressive symptoms were related to paternal depressive symptoms at child age 11-12 years, while maternal postpartum depressive symptoms, depressive symptoms at 5-6 years and maternal anxiety at 5-6 years were positively related to paternal anxiety at 11-12 years. However, effect sizes were small. Only maternal postpartum depression was positively but weakly associated with more child emotional problems at 11-12 years. Although paternal concurrent affective symptoms were positively related to more child emotional problems in early adolescence, they did not moderate the association between maternal symptoms and child emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that fathers and children seem to be affected only to a small extent by maternal postpartum anxiety or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika L Walker
- Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AVAG-Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Priya H Peters
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jens Henrichs
- Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AVAG-Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke B Witteveen
- Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AVAG-Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corine J M Verhoeven
- Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AVAG-Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Midwifery, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ank de Jonge
- Department of Midwifery Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AVAG-Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Ramakrishna S, Cooklin AR, Leach LS. Comorbid anxiety and depression: a community-based study examining symptomology and correlates during the postpartum period. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 37:468-479. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1578870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Ramakrishna
- The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Liana S. Leach
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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9
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Nilsen W, Kjeldsen A, Karevold EB, Skipstein A, Sand Helland M, Gustavson K, Enstad F, Baardstu S, Røysamb E, von Soest T, Mathiesen KS. Cohort Profile: The Tracking Opportunities and Problems Study (TOPP)-study of Norwegian children and their parents followed from infancy to early adulthood. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 46:1399-1399g. [PMID: 28498979 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Nilsen
- Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Work Research Institute, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Kjeldsen
- Department of Child Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anni Skipstein
- Department of Child Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Sand Helland
- Department of Child Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Frøydis Enstad
- Department of Child Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Child Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kristin S Mathiesen
- Department of Child Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Chorwe-Sungani G, Chipps J. Performance of the 3-item screener, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-15 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire and Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire, in screening of depression in antenatal clinics in the Blantyre district of Malawi. Malawi Med J 2019; 30:184-190. [PMID: 30627354 PMCID: PMC6307058 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v30i3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screening instruments for antenatal depression vary in performance. This study aimed at assessing the performance of a range of screening instruments in detecting depressive symptoms in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to screen for depression among women attending 8 selected antenatal clinics in Blantyre district using 3-item screener, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-15 (HSCL-15), Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire (PRQ). The instruments were administered to a random sample of 480 pregnant women. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 testing for performance differences in proportions of screen positives and how screen positive results might differ by particular variables. Results The prevalence estimates yielded by screening instruments ranged from 12.9% (SRQ) to 42.1% (3-item screener). There were no significant differences in prevalence estimates for EPDS, HSCL-15, PRQ and SRQ. There were performance differences in the proportions of screen positives with significant systematic differences between proportions of screen positives of PRQ and SRQ (p<.001), EPDS and HSCL-15 (p=.001), HSCL and PRQ (p<.001), and EPDS and SRQ (p<.001). Screen positive results on HSCL-15, PRQ, 3-item screener and EPDS were found to differ by variables such as “not being supported by partner” which resulted in respondents having ≥3 times chances to screen positive on these four instruments. The screen positive results on SRQ were found not to differ by age, education, employment status, marital status, setting, gestation and number of pregnancies. Conclusions There were minimal variations in the performance of the EPDS, SRQ and HSCL-15 as standard public health screening instruments. However, systematic differences between proportions of screen positives exist and screen positive results from these instruments differed by demographics. It is important to validate screening instruments against a gold standard to ensure relevant clinical outcomes for pregnant women with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesis Chorwe-Sungani
- University of Malawi, Kamuzu College of Nursing.,University of the Western Cape, School of Nursing
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11
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Bosman RC, Waumans RC, Jacobs GE, Oude Voshaar RC, Muntingh AD, Batelaan NM, van Balkom AJ. Failure to Respond after Reinstatement of Antidepressant Medication: A Systematic Review. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2018; 87:268-275. [PMID: 30041180 PMCID: PMC6191880 DOI: 10.1159/000491550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following remission of an anxiety disorder or a depressive disorder, antidepressants are frequently discontinued and in the case of symptom occurrence reinstated. Reinstatement of antidepressants seems less effective in some patients, but an overview is lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into the magnitude and risk factors of response failure after reinstatement of antidepressants in patients with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD PubMed, Embase, and trial registers were systematically searched for studies in which patients: (1) had an anxiety disorder, a depressive disorder, OCD, or PTSD and (2) experienced failure to respond after reinstatement of a previously effective antidepressant. RESULTS Ten studies reported failure to respond following antidepressant reinstatement. The phenomenon was observed in 16.5% of patients with a depressive disorder, OCD, and social phobia and occurred in all common classes of antidepressants. The range of response failure was broad, varying between 3.8 and 42.9% across studies. No risk factors for failure to respond were investigated. The overall study quality was limited. CONCLUSION Research investigating response failure is scarce and the study quality limited. Response failure occurred in a substantial minority of patients. Contributors to the relevance of this phenomenon are the prevalence of the investigated disorders, the number of patients being treated with antidepressants, and the occurrence of response failure for all common classes of antidepressants. This systematic review highlights the need for studies systematically investigating this phenomenon and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske C. Bosman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,*Renske C. Bosman, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Oldenaller 1, NL–1081 HL Amsterdam (The Netherlands), E-Mail
| | - Ruth C. Waumans
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel E. Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C. Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna D.T. Muntingh
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje M. Batelaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J.L.M. van Balkom
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Bosman RC, Waumans RC, Jacobs GE, Oude Voshaar RC, Muntingh ADT, Batelaan NM, van Balkom AJLM. Failure to Respond after Reinstatement of Antidepressant Medication: A Systematic Review. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2018. [PMID: 30041180 DOI: 10.1159/000491550)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following remission of an anxiety disorder or a depressive disorder, antidepressants are frequently discontinued and in the case of symptom occurrence reinstated. Reinstatement of antidepressants seems less effective in some patients, but an overview is lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into the magnitude and risk factors of response failure after reinstatement of antidepressants in patients with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD PubMed, Embase, and trial registers were systematically searched for studies in which patients: (1) had an anxiety disorder, a depressive disorder, OCD, or PTSD and (2) experienced failure to respond after reinstatement of a previously effective antidepressant. RESULTS Ten studies reported failure to respond following antidepressant reinstatement. The phenomenon was observed in 16.5% of patients with a depressive disorder, OCD, and social phobia and occurred in all common classes of antidepressants. The range of response failure was broad, varying between 3.8 and 42.9% across studies. No risk factors for failure to respond were investigated. The overall study quality was limited. CONCLUSION Research investigating response failure is scarce and the study quality limited. Response failure occurred in a substantial minority of patients. Contributors to the relevance of this phenomenon are the prevalence of the investigated disorders, the number of patients being treated with antidepressants, and the occurrence of response failure for all common classes of antidepressants. This systematic review highlights the need for studies systematically investigating this phenomenon and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske C Bosman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth C Waumans
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel E Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna D T Muntingh
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje M Batelaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J L M van Balkom
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Takehara K, Tachibana Y, Yoshida K, Mori R, Kakee N, Kubo T. Prevalence trends of pre- and postnatal depression in Japanese women: A population-based longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:389-394. [PMID: 28846961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to describe the prevalence trends of pre- and postnatal depression, via measures of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) total and factor scores, from 20 weeks' gestation to 3 months postpartum, stratified by parity, in a Japanese female population. METHODS A longitudinal, population-based study was conducted among perinatal women giving birth at maternity facilities in Setagaya area of Tokyo, Japan. Of the 1775 women who participated, 1311 women met the inclusion criteria of this analysis. All data, including EPDS, were collected via self-administrated questionnaires at 20 weeks' gestation and at 5 time points postpartum, from the first few days to 3 months postpartum. We divided EPDS items into three factors: "anxiety," "anhedonia," and "depression," according to factor analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms, EPDS total score, and each factor score peaked at two weeks postpartum in primiparas (EPDS total = 5.58, anhedonia = 0.47, anxiety = 2.64, and depression = 1.23). In contrast, the EPDS total score and factor scores for "anxiety" and "depression" gradually decreased for multiparas, from the prenatal to postpartum period (EPDS total 3.33, 3.03, 3.03, 2.72, 2.76, and 2.37). LIMITATIONS Each factor score was not weighted; instead, we simply added up the item scores ranging from 0 to 3 for each question. Additionally, the population representativeness of Japanese women was not high, although the sample was population-based and had a high follow-up rate. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the trends of EPDS total and factor scores differ by parity throughout the pre- and postnatal periods among a Japanese female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Maternal-Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshida
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rintaro Mori
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kakee
- Division of Bioethics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kubo
- Shirota Obstetrical and Gynecological Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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14
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Maternal Psychological Distress and Offspring Psychological Adjustment in Emerging Adulthood: Findings from Over 18 Years. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2017; 37:746-752. [PMID: 27801723 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the long-term prediction of psychological maladaptive (i.e., symptoms of anxiety and depression) and adaptive adjustment (i.e., self-efficacy) in emerging adult offspring from trajectories of maternal psychological distress from toddlerhood to adolescence. METHOD Trajectories of maternal psychological distress (low, moderate, high, and low-rising patterns) from toddlerhood (age 1.5 years) to adolescence (age 14.5 years) were used to predict psychological adjustment in emerging adult offspring (age 18-20 years) (n = 400). RESULTS Adverse maternal distress trajectories during childhood were linked to maladaptive and adaptive adjustment in adult offspring. Consistently high maternal distress levels experienced across childhood predicted higher symptoms of anxiety and depression and lower self-efficacy than low maternal distress trajectories. Two other adverse maternal distress trajectories (consistently moderate and low-rising patterns) compared with the low trajectory predicted higher offspring depressive symptoms. The findings persisted when adjusting for potential confounders: offspring gender and maternal education, relationship status, language, and economy. CONCLUSION The current study showed longitudinal multi-informant impact from adverse maternal distress trajectories to adult offspring maladjustment over 18 years, emphasizing the importance of early identification and prevention.
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15
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Kingsbury AM, Plotnikova M, Clavarino A, Mamun A, Najman JM. Social adversity in pregnancy and trajectories of women's depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study. Women Birth 2017; 31:52-58. [PMID: 28711396 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sound evidence has linked the experience of adversity with depression. Less is known about this association over time. AIM The aim of this study is to determine whether or not social adversity experienced by pregnant women is associated with their patterns of depressive symptoms over their reproductive life course. METHODS Data were obtained from a cohort of women collected at their first obstetrical clinic visit of an index pregnancy (time-point 1) and at a further six time-points to 27 years following the birth. Latent Class Growth Modelling was used to estimate trajectories of women's depressive symptoms over this time period. Logistic regression modelling determined the prospective association between measures of adversity in pregnancy and 27-year postpartum depression trajectories, controlling for potential confounders. FINDINGS Experiencing financial problems, housing problems, serious disagreements with partners and with others, and experiencing serious health problems in pregnancy were associated with membership of high and middle depression trajectories over the 27 years. Having someone close die or have a serious illness was associated with the high depression trajectory only. Younger maternal age and low family-income at first clinic visit were also associated with an increased risk of women's membership of both high and middle depression trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing adversity during pregnancy predicts subsequent patterns of maternal depression over an extended period of women's reproductive life course. It is not clear whether women's experiences of adversity during pregnancy were causally associated with subsequent depression or whether there are other explanations of the observed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Kingsbury
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Maria Plotnikova
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Clavarino
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Abullah Mamun
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Jake M Najman
- The University of Queensland, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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16
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Adverse trajectories of mental health problems predict subsequent burnout and work-family conflict - a longitudinal study of employed women with children followed over 18 years. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:384. [PMID: 27825325 PMCID: PMC5101700 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term consequence of experiencing mental health problems may lead to several adverse outcomes. The current study aims to validate previous identified trajectories of mental health problems from 1993 to 2006 in women by examining their implications on subsequent work and family-related outcomes in 2011. METHODS Employed women (n = 439) with children were drawn from the Tracking Opportunities and Problems-Study (TOPP), a community-based longitudinal study following Norwegian families across 18 years. Previous identified latent profiles of mental health trajectories (i.e., High; Moderate; Low-rising and Low levels of mental health problems over time) measured at six time points between 1993 and 2006 were examined as predictors of burnout (e.g., exhaustion and disengagement from work) and work-family conflict in 2011 in univariate and multivariate analyses of variance adjusted for potential confounders (age, job demands, and negative emotionality). RESULTS We found that having consistently High and Moderate symptoms as well as Low-Rising symptoms from 1993 to 2006 predicted higher levels of exhaustion, disengagement from work and work-family conflict in 2011. Findings remained unchanged when adjusting for several potential confounders, but when adjusting for current mental health problems only levels of exhaustion were predicted by the mental health trajectories. CONCLUSIONS The study expands upon previous studies on the field by using a longer time span and by focusing on employed women with children who experience different patterns of mental health trajectories. The long-term effect of these trajectories highlight and validate the importance of early identification and prevention in women experiencing adverse patterns of mental health problems with regards to subsequent work and family-related outcomes.
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17
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Hammerton G, Zammit S, Thapar A, Collishaw S. Explaining risk for suicidal ideation in adolescent offspring of mothers with depression. Psychol Med 2016; 46:265-275. [PMID: 26303275 PMCID: PMC4682478 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-established that offspring of depressed mothers are at increased risk for suicidal ideation. However, pathways involved in the transmission of risk for suicidal ideation from depressed mothers to offspring are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of potential mediators of this association, including maternal suicide attempt, offspring psychiatric disorder and the parent-child relationship. METHOD Data were utilized from a population-based birth cohort (ALSPAC). Three distinct classes of maternal depression symptoms across the first 11 years of the child's life had already been identified (minimal, moderate, chronic-severe). Offspring suicidal ideation was assessed at age 16 years. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. RESULTS There was evidence for increased risk of suicidal ideation in offspring of mothers with chronic-severe depression symptoms compared to offspring of mothers with minimal symptoms (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.19-4.21). The majority of this association was explained through maternal suicide attempt and offspring psychiatric disorder. There was also evidence for an independent indirect effect via the parent-child relationship in middle childhood. There was no longer evidence of a direct effect of maternal depression on offspring suicidal ideation after accounting for all three mediators. The pattern of results was similar when examining mechanisms for maternal moderate depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight that suicide prevention efforts in offspring of depressed mothers should be particularly targeted at both offspring with a psychiatric disorder and offspring whose mothers have made a suicide attempt. Interventions aimed at improving the parent-child relationship may also be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hammerton
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical
Neurosciences, Cardiff University,
Cardiff, UK
| | - S. Zammit
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical
Neurosciences, Cardiff University,
Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health,
University of Bristol, Bristol,
UK
| | - A. Thapar
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical
Neurosciences, Cardiff University,
Cardiff, UK
| | - S. Collishaw
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical
Neurosciences, Cardiff University,
Cardiff, UK
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18
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Mars B, Collishaw S, Hammerton G, Rice F, Harold GT, Smith D, Bevan Jones R, Sellers R, Potter R, Craddock N, Thapar AK, Heron J, Thapar A. Longitudinal symptom course in adults with recurrent depression: Impact on impairment and risk of psychopathology in offspring. J Affect Disord 2015; 182:32-8. [PMID: 25965693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and is associated with an increased risk of psychopathology in offspring. However, depression shows considerable heterogeneity in its course over time. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between parent depression symptom trajectories and (i) quality of life and social impairment and (ii) psychiatric disorder and depression symptoms in their offspring. METHOD Participants were from a longitudinal study of 337 parents with recurrent MDD and their adolescent offspring. Families were assessed on three occasions over four years. Parent depressive symptoms and current MDD diagnosis were assessed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Adult quality of life and social impairment were derived from the EuroQol and current employment status. Psychiatric outcomes in offspring were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. RESULTS Using latent class growth analysis, three distinct classes of parental depression symptoms were identified (asymptomatic, mild, and chronic high). Parent depression classes were associated with their own quality of life and social impairment, and with psychiatric disorder and depression symptoms in their offspring. LIMITATIONS (i) We were unable to test associations with specific offspring disorders, (ii) we did not address the direction of effects underlying associations, and (iii) the sample consisted primarily of mothers and findings may not generalise to depressed fathers. CONCLUSION Longitudinal assessments of depressive symptoms in parents could help to identify families who are most in need of early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Mars
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Gordon T Harold
- Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK; Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russia
| | - Daniel Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhys Bevan Jones
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Ruth Sellers
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK; Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Robert Potter
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Nicolas Craddock
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Ajay K Thapar
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
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Hammerton G, Mahedy L, Mars B, Harold GT, Thapar A, Zammit S, Collishaw S. Association between Maternal Depression Symptoms across the First Eleven Years of Their Child's Life and Subsequent Offspring Suicidal Ideation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131885. [PMID: 26151929 PMCID: PMC4495034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is common, especially in women of child-bearing age; prevalence estimates for this group range from 8% to 12%, and there is robust evidence that maternal depression is associated with mental health problems in offspring. Suicidal behaviour is a growing concern amongst young people and those exposed to maternal depression are likely to be especially at high risk. The aim of this study was to utilise a large, prospective population cohort to examine the relationship between depression symptom trajectories in mothers over the first eleven years of their child’s life and subsequent adolescent suicidal ideation. An additional aim was to test if associations were explained by maternal suicide attempt and offspring depressive disorder. Data were utilised from a population-based birth cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Maternal depression symptoms were assessed repeatedly from pregnancy to child age 11 years. Offspring suicidal ideation was assessed at age 16 years. Using multiple imputation, data for 10,559 families were analysed. Using latent class growth analysis, five distinct classes of maternal depression symptoms were identified (minimal, mild, increasing, sub-threshold, chronic-severe). The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation at age 16 years was 15% (95% CI: 14-17%). Compared to offspring of mothers with minimal symptoms, the greatest risk of suicidal ideation was found for offspring of mothers with chronic-severe symptoms [OR 3.04 (95% CI 2.19, 4.21)], with evidence for smaller increases in risk of suicidal ideation in offspring of mothers with sub-threshold, increasing and mild symptoms. These associations were not fully accounted for by maternal suicide attempt or offspring depression diagnosis. Twenty-six percent of non-depressed offspring of mothers with chronic-severe depression symptoms reported suicidal ideation. Risk for suicidal ideation should be considered in young people whose mothers have a history of sustained high levels of depression symptoms, even when the offspring themselves do not have a depression diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Hammerton
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Liam Mahedy
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Mars
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon T. Harold
- Andrew and Virginia Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Sussex, United Kingdom
- International Center for Research in Human Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Tomsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Anita Thapar
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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20
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van der Waerden J, Galéra C, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Sutter-Dallay AL, Melchior M. Predictors of persistent maternal depression trajectories in early childhood: results from the EDEN mother-child cohort study in France. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1999-2012. [PMID: 25678201 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171500015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression in the pre- and postpartum period may set women on a course of chronic depressive symptoms. Little is known about predictors of persistently elevated depressive symptoms in mothers from pregnancy onwards. The aims of this study are to determine maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy to the child's fifth birthday and identify associated risk factors. METHOD Mothers (N = 1807) from the EDEN mother-child birth cohort study based in France (2003-2011) were followed from 24-28 weeks of pregnancy to their child's fifth birthday. Maternal depression trajectories were determined with a semi-parametric group-based modelling strategy. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric predictors were explored for their association with trajectory class membership. RESULTS Five trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression from pregnancy onwards were identified: no symptoms (60.2%); persistent intermediate-level depressive symptoms (25.2%); persistent high depressive symptoms (5.0%); high symptoms in pregnancy only (4.7%); high symptoms in the child's preschool period only (4.9%). Socio-demographic predictors associated with persistent depression were non-French origin; psychosocial predictors were childhood adversities, life events during pregnancy and work overinvestment; psychiatric predictors were previous mental health problems, psychological help, and high anxiety during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Persistent depression in mothers of young children is associated to several risk factors present prior to or during pregnancy, notably anxiety. These characteristics precede depression trajectories and offer a possible entry point to enhance mother's mental health and reduce its burden on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van der Waerden
- Department of Social Epidemiology,INSERM UMR-S 1136,Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health,F-75013 Paris,France
| | - C Galéra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Charles Perrens Hospital,F-33000 Bordeaux,France
| | | | | | - M Melchior
- Department of Social Epidemiology,INSERM UMR-S 1136,Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health,F-75013 Paris,France
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Kwon TY. Identifying depressive symptom trajectory groups among Korean adults and psychosocial factors as group determinants. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2015; 61:394-403. [PMID: 25770203 DOI: 10.1177/0020764015573847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal research is needed to examine the depressive symptom trajectories of different groups during adulthood and their antecedents and consequences, because depressive symptoms may be changeable and heterogeneous over time. AIMS This study examined the number of trajectory groups describing the depressive symptoms of Korean adults, as well as the shape of the trajectories and the association between trajectory group membership and psychosocial factors identified based on the ecosystem model. METHOD This study used Nagin's semi-parametric group-based modeling to analyze Year 1 to Year 7 data from Korea Welfare Panel Survey (N = 13,735), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults. RESULTS Three distinct trajectory groups were identified: a low stable depressive symptoms group, a moderate depressive symptoms group and a high depressive symptoms group. Result from multinominal logit analysis showed that all psychosocial factors except family relationships affected the likelihood of membership in the three depressive symptoms groups. Especially, self-esteem was the psychosocial factor with the largest impact on depressive symptom trajectory group membership. When screening for depressive symptoms, individuals with a low socioeconomic status should be a primary concern and intervention should be made available to them. CONCLUSION Prevention or intervention with members of the identified trajectory groups would likely require integrative approaches targeting psychosocial factors across multiple contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeon Kwon
- Department of Counselling Psychology and Social Welfare, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, South Korea
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22
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Cullati S. Socioeconomic inequalities in health trajectories in Switzerland: are trajectories diverging as people age? SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2015; 37:745-764. [PMID: 25683678 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Do socioeconomic differences in health status increase as people age, reflecting cumulative advantage or disadvantage in health trajectories? Life course research hypothesises that cumulative advantage/disadvantage (CAD) is an important underlying social process that shape inequalities as people age. The objective of this study is to examine whether health trajectories are diverging as people age across socioeconomic positions (education, employment status and income). In a random sample of 3,665 respondents living in Switzerland (Swiss Household Panel 2004-2011), trajectories of self-rated health, body mass index, depression and medicated functioning were examined with multilevel regression models. The results showed that employment status and income were associated with diverging health trajectories among men; however, only a few associations supported the CAD hypothesis. Education was rarely associated with diverging health trajectories. In conclusion, little evidence was found to support the CAD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cullati
- National Centre of Competence for Research 'LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', Institute of Demographic and Life Course Studies, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Pathways to suicide-related behavior in offspring of mothers with depression: the role of offspring psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:385-93. [PMID: 25901775 PMCID: PMC4411216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Offspring of mothers with depression are a high-risk group for the development of suicide-related behavior. These offspring are therefore a priority for preventive interventions; however, pathways contributing to risk, including specific aspects of offspring psychopathology, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether offspring symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and alcohol abuse independently mediate the association between maternal depression and offspring suicide-related behavior. METHOD Data were used from a population-based birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Three distinct classes of depression symptoms across the mothers' first 11 years of their child's life were identified (minimal, moderate, chronic-severe). Offspring psychopathology was assessed at age 15 years and suicide-related behavior at age 16 years. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS There was evidence for increased risk of suicidal ideation in offspring of mothers with chronic-severe depression symptoms in comparison to offspring of mothers with minimal symptoms (odds ratio = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.19, 4.21). This association was independently mediated by offspring MDD, GAD, and DBD symptoms. The same mechanisms were found for offspring of mothers with moderate depression symptoms over time. Results were similar for offspring suicide attempt except for additional evidence of an indirect effect through offspring ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION Findings highlight that suicide prevention efforts in offspring of mothers with depression should not only be targeted at offspring with MDD; it is also important to consider offspring with other forms of psychopathology.
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Luoma I, Korhonen M, Salmelin RK, Helminen M, Tamminen T. Long-term trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and their antenatal predictors. J Affect Disord 2015; 170:30-8. [PMID: 25218734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms, often long-term or recurrent, are common among mothers of young children and a well-known risk for child well-being. We aimed to explore the antecedents of the long-term trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and to define the antenatal factors predicting the high-symptom trajectories. METHODS The sample comprised 329 mothers from maternity centers. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) antenatally and at two months, six months, 4-5 years, 8-9 years and 16-17 years after delivery. Maternal expectations concerning the baby were assessed with the Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI). Background information was gathered with questionnaires. RESULTS A model including four symptom trajectories (very low, low-stable, high-stable and intermittent) was selected to describe the symptom patterns over time. The high-stable and the intermittent trajectory were both predicted pairwise by a high antenatal EPDS sum score as well as high EPDS anxiety and depression subscores but the other predictors were specific for each trajectory. In multivariate analyses, the high-stable trajectory was predicted by a high antenatal EPDS sum score, a high EPDS anxiety subscore, diminished life satisfaction, loneliness and more negative expectations of babies on average. The intermittent trajectory was predicted by a high antenatal EPDS sum score, a poor relationship with own mother and urgent desire to conceive. LIMITATIONS Only self-report questionnaires were used. The sample size was rather small. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a heterogeneous course and background of maternal depressive symptoms. This should be considered in intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Luoma
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marie Korhonen
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Raili K Salmelin
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Mika Helminen
- University of Tampere, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Science Center, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Tamminen
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
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Are Adolescents’ Mutually Hostile Interactions at Home Reproduced in Other Everyday Life Contexts? J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:598-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cullati S, Courvoisier DS, Burton-Jeangros C. Mental health trajectories and their embeddedness in work and family circumstances: a latent state-trait approach to life-course trajectories. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2014; 36:1077-1094. [PMID: 25117917 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental health trajectories are known to be influenced by work and family circumstances. However, few studies have examined both of these influences simultaneously in a longitudinal manner. The life-course perspective stresses the importance of examining trajectories in terms of both stable and dynamic components. In this article we use structural equation models (latent state-trait, LST) to distinguish the stable and situational components of mental health trajectories and hypothesise that situational mental health is influenced by satisfaction with work and family, and this effect differs by gender. An analysis of data from a nationally representative sample of 1616 working Swiss residents (2000-2006) shows that mental health trajectories are mostly stable and only slightly sensitive to situational influences. However, situational influences in a given wave do predict situational influences in the next wave. Satisfaction with work and family influences situational mental health in both genders, but the impact is greater for men. In conclusion, the LST approach allows for the examination of mental health trajectories from a life-course perspective by distinguishing stable and situational components. Mental health trajectories are more stable and constant than they are dependent on work and family circumstances, and men are more sensitive to family circumstances than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cullati
- Swiss National Centre of Competence for Research LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Institute of Demographic and Life Course Studies, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Kuo SY, Chen SR, Tzeng YL. Depression and anxiety trajectories among women who undergo an elective cesarean section. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86653. [PMID: 24466190 PMCID: PMC3899292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are important mood changes in childbearing women. However, changes in depression and anxiety over time in women who undergo an elective cesarean section (CS) have not yet been elucidated. We aimed to characterize the trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and patterns of co-occurrence, and examined the associated predictors of depression and anxiety courses. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study of childbearing women (N = 139) who underwent a CS was conducted. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were respectively assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and State Anxiety Inventory, in the third trimester and at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 6 months postpartum. RESULTS Group-based modeling identified three distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms: group 1 (low, 30.9%), group 2 (mild, 41.7%), and group 3 (high, 27.3%). Four group trajectories of anxiety symptoms were identified: group 1 (low, 19.4%), group 2 (mild, 44.6%), group 3 (high, 28.8%), and group 4 (very high, 7.2%). Mild symptoms of both depression and anxiety were the most common joint trajectory. Depression trajectories were significantly related to anxiety trajectories (p<0.001). Predictors of the joint trajectory included the pre-pregnant body mass index (odds ratio (OR): 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 ∼ 6.3) and a poor sleep score (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.4 ∼ 7.3) in the third trimester. CONCLUSIONS Distinctive trajectories and co-occurrence patterns of depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified. Our findings suggest a need for greater attention to continuous assessment of psychological well-being among women who undergo an elective CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Kuo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ru Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Tzeng
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, and an Adjunct Supervisor in the Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Gunn J, Elliott P, Densley K, Middleton A, Ambresin G, Dowrick C, Herrman H, Hegarty K, Gilchrist G, Griffiths F. A trajectory-based approach to understand the factors associated with persistent depressive symptoms in primary care. J Affect Disord 2013; 148:338-46. [PMID: 23375580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression screening in primary care yields high numbers. Knowledge of how depressive symptoms change over time is limited, making decisions about type, intensity, frequency and length of treatment and follow-up difficult. This study is aimed to identify depressive symptom trajectories and associated socio-demographic, co-morbidity, health service use and treatment factors to inform clinical care. METHODS 789 people scoring 16 or more on the CES-D recruited from 30 randomly selected Australian family practices. Depressive symptoms are measured using PHQ-9 at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS Growth mixture modelling identified a five-class trajectory model as the best fitting (lowest Bayesian Information Criterion): three groups were static (mild (n=532), moderate (n=138) and severe (n=69)) and two were dynamic (decreasing severity (n=32) and increasing severity (n=18)). The mild symptom trajectory was the most common (n=532). The severe symptom trajectory group (n=69) differed significantly from the mild symptom trajectory group on most variables. The severe and moderate groups were characterised by high levels of disadvantage, abuse, morbidity and disability. Decreasing and increasing severity trajectory classes were similar on most variables. LIMITATIONS Adult only cohort, self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS Most symptom trajectories remained static, suggesting that depression, as it presents in primary care, is not always an episodic disorder. The findings indicate future directions for building prognostic models to distinguish those who are likely to have a mild course from those who are likely to follow more severe trajectories. Determining appropriate clinical responses based upon a likely depression course requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Gunn
- General Practice and Primary Health Care Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, 200 Berkeley Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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Pathways from maternal distress and child problem behavior to adolescent depressive symptoms: a prospective examination from early childhood to adolescence. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2013; 34:303-13. [PMID: 23751885 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e318293ab05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to identify the pathways from maternal distress and child problem behaviors (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems) across childhood and their impact on depressive symptoms during adolescence among girls and boys. METHOD Data from families of 921 Norwegian children in a 15-year longitudinal community sample were used. Using structural equation modeling, the authors explored the interplay between maternal-reported distress and child problem behaviors measured at 5 time points from early (ages 1.5, 2.5, and 4.5 years) and middle (age 8.5 years) childhood to early adolescence (age 12.5 years), and their prediction of self-reported depressive symptoms during adolescence (ages 14.5 and 16.5 years). RESULTS The findings revealed paths from internalizing and externalizing problems throughout the development for corresponding problems (homotypic paths) and paths from early externalizing to subsequent internalizing problems (heterotypic paths). The findings suggest 2 pathways linking maternal-rated risk factors to self-reported adolescent depressive symptoms. There was a direct path from early externalizing problems to depressive symptoms. There was an indirect path from early maternal distress going through child problem behavior to depressive symptoms. In general, girls and boys were similar, but some gender-specific effects appeared. Problem behaviors in middle childhood had heterotypic paths to subsequent problems only for girls. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the developmental importance of child externalizing problems, as well as the impact of maternal distress as early as age 1.5 years for the development of adolescent depressive symptoms. Findings also indicate a certain vulnerable period in middle childhood for girls. NOTE: See Supplemental Digital Content 1, at http://links.lww.com/JDBP/A45, for a video introduction to this article.
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Skipstein A, Janson H, Kjeldsen A, Nilsen W, Mathiesen KS. Trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety over 13 years: the influence of stress, social support, and maternal temperament. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1120. [PMID: 23270506 PMCID: PMC3551823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems among women, with various negative impacts both for the women concerned and their families. Greater understanding of developmental trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety over the child rearing period would have significant benefits for public health, informing prevention and treatment approaches. The aim of the current study was to examine whether stressors related to child rearing and living conditions, social support, and maternal temperament, predicted mothers’ membership in groups with different trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety during 13 years of the child rearing phase. Methods The data were from a prospective, longitudinal study of 913 mothers in Norway followed from when their children were 18 months old (time 1) until they were 14.5 years (time 6) (the TOPP study). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to test whether child related stressors, stressors related to the living conditions, social support and maternal temperament at time 1 predicted membership in groups based on maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety over the subsequent 13 years. Results Temperamental distress, followed by child related stressors, were the strongest predictors of membership in a group with high symptoms of depression and anxiety over time. Stressors related to living conditions, and social support from partner and friends/family were also significant predictors. No interaction effects among predictors were found. Conclusions This study indicates that factors present early in the child rearing phase may provide substantial prediction of the variance in maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety over the following 13 years. Temperamental distress and child related stressors were the strongest predictors of membership in different depression and anxiety symptom trajectory groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Skipstein
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo 0403, Norway.
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Skreden M, Skari H, Malt UF, Pripp AH, Björk MD, Faugli A, Emblem R. Parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children. Scand J Public Health 2012; 40:596-604. [PMID: 23042456 DOI: 10.1177/1403494812460347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the study were to compare parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children, to look for predictors of different aspects of parenting stress in mothers and fathers, and to discriminate parenting stress from psychological distress and anxiety. METHODS We studied 256 mothers and 204 fathers of children aged 1-7 years. The Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) assesses stress related to parenting. Emotional wellbeing was defined by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1) that measures psychological distress and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS Fathers reported significantly more social isolation than mothers (P < 0.001). On all other parameters mothers, had higher scores, representing more stress and less wellbeing than fathers. Anxiety and psychological stress were strong predictors of parental stress in both mothers and fathers. Furthermore, maternal parental stress was predicted by birth of subsequent children and younger child age. Higher educational attainment predicted increased role restriction in fathers and more health problems in mothers. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the SPSQ, GHQ-28, and STAI-X1 showed that all endpoints of the analysis are positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Fathers reported significantly more social isolation, but less role restriction, incompetence and state anxiety than mothers. The SPSQ together with GHQ-28 and STAI-X1 allow a targeted screening aimed at contrasting parents who experience reduced emotional wellbeing with those who struggle with stress directly related to their parenting role.
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Rhebergen D, Lamers F, Spijker J, de Graaf R, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH. Course trajectories of unipolar depressive disorders identified by latent class growth analysis. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1383-1396. [PMID: 22053816 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current classification of unipolar depression reflects the idea that prognosis is essential. However, do DSM categories of major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymic disorder (Dysth) and double depression (DD=MDD+Dysth) indeed adequately represent clinically relevant course trajectories of unipolar depression? Our aim was to test DSM categories (MDD, Dysth and DD) in comparison with empirically derived prognostic categories, using a prospectively followed cohort of depressed patients. METHOD A large sample (n=804) of out-patients with unipolar depression were derived from a prospective cohort study, the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Using latent class growth analysis (LCGA), empirically derived 2-year course trajectories were constructed. These were compared with DSM diagnoses and a wider set of putative predictors for class membership. RESULTS Five course trajectories were identified, ranging from mild severity and rapid remission to high severity and chronic course trajectory. Contrary to expectations, more than 50% of Dysth and DD were allocated to classes with favorable course trajectories, suggesting that current DSM categories do not adequately represent course trajectories. The class with the most favorable course trajectory differed on several characteristics from other classes (younger age, more females, less childhood adversity, less somatic illnesses, lower neuroticism, higher extraversion). Older age, earlier age of onset and lower extraversion predicted poorest course trajectory. CONCLUSIONS MDD, Dysth and DD did not adequately match empirically derived course trajectories for unipolar depression. For the future classification of unipolar depression, it may be wise to retain the larger, heterogeneous category of unipolar depression, adopting cross-cutting dimensions of severity and duration to further characterize patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rhebergen
- Department of Psychiatry and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The Minnesota Center for Health Trajectory Research has focused on developing ways to better understand how interventions influence health trajectories during transitional, acute, or chronic health challenges across the life span. The health trajectory perspective advances nursing science by providing a person-centered point of view that emphasizes change in health over time within individuals, families, groups, or communities. Theoretical considerations and statistical modeling approaches used in studying health trajectories, along with exemplars from nursing research studies from this special issue of Nursing Research, are highlighted.
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