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Wei Y. Self-health promotion: A study on the mode of acquiring sports health knowledge and skills among older adults members of sports communities. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304814. [PMID: 38990862 PMCID: PMC11239043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The research aims to construct a mode and the pathway relationships of acquiring sports health knowledge and skills among members of older adults sports communities. METHOD The research was primarily conducted through random sampling, purposive sampling, and questionnaire surveys. A sample of 457 older adults from Luoyang City was selected as the research subjects. Exploratory analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted by employing SPSS 26.0 and Amos 26.0 software(Exploratory analysis and structural equation analysis). RESULTS The study indicates that the influence of older adults sports community culture on the pursuit of sports health knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.69, P<0.001); the influence of sports community culture on the motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.32, P<0.001); the influence of the pursuit of sports health knowledge and skills on the motivation to enhance these knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.47, P<0.001); the influence of the motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills on the behavior of acquiring these knowledge and skills is statistically significant (β = 0.60, P<0.001); both the pursuit of sports health knowledge and skills and the motivation to enhance these knowledge and skills serve as mediating variables. CONCLUSION The more harmonious and positive the sports community culture is, the stronger the sense of pursuing health and the motivation to acquire knowledge are among older adults. The stronger the health pursuit among older adults, the higher their motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills shows. Furthermore, the higher the motivation of older adults to enhance sports health knowledge and skills is, the more efficient their behavior in acquiring these knowledge and skills becomes. The motivation to enhance sports health knowledge and skills serves as a complete mediating variable in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wei
- College of physical education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Ding S, Xu F, Liu G, Zheng X, Zhao L, Benjamin O, Xu Z, Zhao J, Hao S, Chen R. Revealing the enhancement effect of social capital on the individual performance of core members in elderly caring organizations: A study from Anhui, China. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:250-262. [PMID: 38866489 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a challenge to global development. This challenge is particularly significant for China because it has the largest elderly population worldwide. The proportion of aging population continues to increase, and solely relying on government efforts to meet the needs of the elderly is inadequate. Hence, involvement of social organizations in elderly care services is needed. Their core members exhibit higher sense of responsibility and identification with the organization than regular members, thus profoundly affecting organizational development. Based on the Social Capital Theory, this study employed a multistage stratified random sampling method to examine the social capital stock of elderly social organizations and their core members across six cities in Anhui Province, China. Chi-square tests analyzed the relationship between the core members' demographic factors and individual performance. Independent-sample t-tests assessed the relationship between social capital and individual performance. Finally, binary logistic regression models determined the factors influencing the individual performance of core members. Social networks within core members' social capital and the internal social capital of elderly caring social organizations (ESOs) affect the individual performance of core members. Therefore, organizations should provide more training opportunities for core members to expand their networks. Cultivating a shared language and vision as components of social capital can enhance organizational cohesion and operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ding
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fuqin Xu
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lanlan Zhao
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Otsen Benjamin
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Registrars' Department, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Ziwen Xu
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajie Zhao
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sanyuan Hao
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ren Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Social Governance, Philosophy and Social Sciences of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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De Luca GD, Lin X. The role of health and health systems in promoting social capital, political participation and peace: A narrative review. Health Policy 2024; 141:105009. [PMID: 38350755 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
High levels of violence and insecurity are highly detrimental for societies. United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 16 is advocating for peaceful, accountable and inclusive institutions as one powerful channel to foster global development. Investing in health and health policies can potentially contribute achieving these objectives. After providing a conceptual framework, this article reviews the existing literature on the evidence of the role of health and health systems in promoting social capital and trust, political engagement and participation, and peace that closely relate to the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 16. We provide evidence of a systematically positive impact of better physical and mental health on social capital, and on political participation, both contributing to the sustainability of inclusive democratic institutions. We also document that health and health systems can help supporting peace, both via the reduction of social inequality and grievances, and by reducing the disruptive effects of epidemic shocks. Overall, the study provides evidence that health and health systems can generate co-benefits outside the health domain by promoting social capital, political participation and peace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi Lin
- University of York, Heslington, YO105DD York, UK
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Arriola KJ, Merken TM, Bigger L, Haardörfer R, Hermstad A, Owolabi S, Daniel J, Kegler M. Understanding the relationship between social capital, health, and well-being in a southern rural population. J Rural Health 2024; 40:162-172. [PMID: 37438857 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social capital is thought to contribute to health and well-being, but its application to a rural context is poorly understood. This study seeks to examine how different forms of social capital relate to health and well-being among rural residents and the extent to which race and degree of rurality moderates these relationships. METHODS Data from a population-based survey of 6 counties in rural Georgia (n = 1,385) are used. We examined 3 forms of social capital (diversity of interaction, civic engagement, and voting behavior) in relation to 3 health and well-being measures (overall life satisfaction, general health status, and 30-day physical health). FINDINGS Interacting with more diverse social networks was associated with higher overall life satisfaction for White but not Black participants (P ≤ .001). For those living in more rural communities, interacting with a more diverse social network was more strongly associated with greater general health as compared to those who lived "in town" (P ≤ .01). Greater civic engagement and voting behavior were associated with greater general health for White but not Black participants (Ps < .05). Likewise, voting in all 3 elections was associated with greater overall life satisfaction and fewer days of poor physical health for White but not Black participants (Ps ≤ .05). CONCLUSION Social capital may be associated with positive health and well-being among those living in rural areas, but it may vary by race and degree of community rurality, suggesting the need to further understand how social capital operates in a rural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Jacob Arriola
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tatenda Mangurenje Merken
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Bigger
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - April Hermstad
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shade Owolabi
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jerry Daniel
- Master of Social Work Program, Albany State University, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Kegler
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Deore HS, Taranikanti M, Gaur A, Varatharajan S, John NA, Katta R, Taranikanti SS, Umesh M, Ganji V, Medala K. Comprehensive, continuous, and compulsory monitoring of frailty in elderly. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3194-3199. [PMID: 38361887 PMCID: PMC10866276 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_233_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing elderly population makes frailty an increasing concern in society with vulnerability to stress and functional decline. Unrecognised comorbidities are common among the elderly due to lack of mention by the patients. Physicians should be equipped with effective interviewing skills along with the use of screening tools to assess any impairments in activities of daily living, cognition and signs of depression. Objectives To measure the degree of independence or dependence using scales and stratify patients based on Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) so as to recommend it as a routinely usable tool. Materials and Methods In total, 191 elderly subjects above the age of 65 years were recruited for geriatric assessment. Tools that assess performance in daily living activities and cognition were used. The prevalidated CFS was used to score frailty to stratify patients into frail and non-frail groups, and the parameters were compared. Results Mean age of the study population was 69.54 years with 53.4% males and 46.6% females. Mean Katz index and mean Lawton score were >5. The mean Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) score was 1.5, and the mean clinical frailty score was 3.55. Significantly high number of male individuals were found in the frailty group. Hypertension was significantly higher in the frail group. The mean Katz scores were significantly lower, and mean GDS scores were significantly higher in the frailty group. Multivariable logistic regression has shown gender to be an important determinant of frailty with an odds ratio of 0.05 (CI-0.01-0.20). The higher Lawton score and GDS scores were significantly associated with frailty with an odds ratio of 0.33 (CI: 0.21-0.52) and 2.62 (CI: 1.14-6.02), respectively. Conclusion Men are more frail than women and co-morbidities like hypertension and coronary artery disease contribute to frailty with cognitive decline and decreased autonomy. A comprehensive assessment to identify frailty will provide a holistic view of well being among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranya S. Deore
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madhuri Taranikanti
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Archana Gaur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sakthivadivel Varatharajan
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nitin A. John
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Roja Katta
- Department of Physiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Shriya Taranikanti
- Department of General Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College and GB Pant Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Madhusudhan Umesh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vidya Ganji
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kalpana Medala
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Quintal C, Ramos LM, Torres P. Disentangling the complexities of modelling when high social capital contributes to indicating good health. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115719. [PMID: 36716699 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The association between social capital and health is under continuous research. Based both on theoretical frameworks and previous empirical studies, the magnitude and sign of this association are ambiguous. Our main goal is to empirically investigate under which conditions is social capital relevant to obtain good or very good self-rated health, while acknowledging that different paths can lead to this outcome. The data used in this study come from the European Social Survey 2018 (47,423 observations for 29 European countries) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was adopted. Our results show that neither the presence of social capital (as measured in this study - 'Generalised trust' and/or 'Informal social connections'), nor its absence, is a necessary condition for good or very good self-rated health. While not being necessary, there are contexts where social capital is relevant for health and, whenever it is present, it positively contributes to good or very good self-rated health. However, our results further suggest that social capital alone is not sufficient to be healthy. The relevance of social capital is contingent on the presence, or absence, of other conditions. What works for some individuals does not work for others. And for any given individual, rarely there is only one way to be healthy. Additionally, our findings suggest that the impact of belonging to a minority ethnic group on health might be stronger than what has been hitherto recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Quintal
- University of Coimbra, CeBER, Faculty of Economics, Portugal; CEISUC, Portugal.
| | | | - Pedro Torres
- University of Coimbra, CeBER, Faculty of Economics, Portugal.
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Effects of an Adapted Sports Intervention on Elderly Women in Need of Long-Term Care: A Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an adapted sports intervention on elderly women in need of long-term care (NLTC). Although participation in sports activities positively impacts subjective health status, few studies have evaluated the safety, comfort, and effectiveness of competitive sports in elderly women in NLTC. In this study, ten elderly women in NLTC (age: 80.6 ± 8.2 years) were asked to participate in boccia, a sport adapted to prevent falls. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition Short-Form and the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey Version 2. The results showed an improvement in mood states (anger–hostility, tension–anxiety, and total mood disturbance) of elderly women in the NLTC group compared with the control group. Therefore, boccia, an adapted sport, can be considered a safe and competitive option for such women.
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Zhang W, Tsuji T, Yokoyama M, Ide K, Aida J, Kawachi I, Kondo K. Increased frequency of participation in civic associations and reduced depressive symptoms: Prospective study of older Japanese survivors of the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113827. [PMID: 33744732 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Few studies have examined whether changes in participation in civic associations can mitigate depressive symptoms among older disaster survivors. OBJECTIVES We examined prospectively the association between changes in participation in civic associations and changes in depressive symptoms among older survivors of the 2011 Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. METHODS We analyzed questionnaire-based survey data on pre- and post-disaster participation in civic associations and depressive symptoms compiled for 3567 respondents aged 65 years and above. Changes in these symptoms were assessed using a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as a continuous variable for 2010 and 2013. We investigated four types of civic associations: sports, hobby, voluntary groups, and senior citizens' clubs. Changes in participation were calculated by subtracting the participation frequency measured in 2010 from that measured in 2013. Applying 95% confidence intervals, we used linear regression models with imputation to estimate the age- and sex-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted standardized coefficients. RESULTS The survivors' GDS scores increased by 0.13 points on average between the pre-disaster and post-disaster periods. Average changes in the participation frequencies of respondents in each group were respectively +0.36 days/year, -5.63 days/year, +0.51 days/year, and -1.45 days/year. Increased frequencies of participation in the sports and hobby groups were inversely associated with changes in GDS scores (B = -0.003, Cohen's f2 = 0.10, P = 0.01 and B = -0.002, Cohen's f2 = 0.08, P = 0.04, respectively). The associations did not differ depending on the experience of housing damage caused by the disaster. In addition, we did not observe a significant association between changes in participation frequencies for voluntary groups or senior citizens' clubs and changes in GDS scores after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms of older adults post-disaster may be mitigated through increased frequency of participation in sports and hobby groups; yet, civic participation did not mitigate the adverse impact of disaster experiences on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan; Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meiko Yokoyama
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ide
- Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan; Department of Community General Support, Hasegawa Hospital, Yachimata-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan; Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Association between Personal Social Capital and Loneliness among Widowed Older People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165799. [PMID: 32796586 PMCID: PMC7460522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the association between the personal social capital and loneliness among the widowed older adults in China. Data from 1497 widowed older adults were extracted from China’s Health-Related Quality of Life Survey for Older Adults 2018. The Chinese version of the Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS-16) was used to evaluate the participants’ status of bonding and bridging social capital (BOC and BRC). Loneliness was assessed by the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8). Multiple linear regression models were established to examine the relationship between social capital and loneliness. The BOC and BRC of rural widowed older people were significantly lower than those of widowed older people in urban areas, while loneliness of rural widowed older people was higher than that of widowed older people in urban areas. The result of the final model showed that loneliness of rural participants was significantly associated with both BOC (B = 0.141, p = 0.001) and BRC (B = −0.116, p = 0.003). The loneliness of the urban widowed sample had no association with both BOC and BRC (p > 0.05). These findings suggested that more social support and compassionate care should be provided to enrich the personal social capital and thus to reduce loneliness of widowed older adults, especially those in rural areas.
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Amegbor PM, Braimah JA, Adjaye-Gbewonyo D, Rosenberg MW, Sabel CE. Effect of cognitive and structural social capital on depression among older adults in Ghana: A multilevel cross-sectional analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104045. [PMID: 32416461 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from existing studies suggests social capital has mixed effects on depression and other common mental disorders. There is little knowledge of the possible association between social capital and depression among the growing older population in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the effect of cognitive social capital (trust and sense of safety) and structural social capital (social participation or engagement in social activities) on depression among older adults in Ghana. Utilizing multilevel mixed-effect analysis, we investigate the effect of individual-level and neighborhood-level social capital (cognitive and structural) on depression using data from the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE) survey (Wave 1). The findings show that at an individual level, older adults who felt safe at home were less likely to have depression. We observed mixed results for elements of structural social capital at the individual level. Older adults who frequently engaged in club or group meetings, worked with neighbors and engaged in social outings were more likely to have depression; while attending public meetings and socializing with co-workers were associated with reduced likelihood of having depression. At the neighborhood level, increased trust in neighbors was associated with an increased likelihood of having depression (OR = 1.01, p < 0.05) while higher levels of neighborhood safety and structural social capital were associated with a reduced likelihood of having depression. The findings suggest that the differential associations between elements of social capital and depression may be the result of contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince M Amegbor
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Joseph A Braimah
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Mackintosh-Corry Hall, Room E208, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dzifa Adjaye-Gbewonyo
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark W Rosenberg
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Mackintosh-Corry Hall, Room E208, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Clive E Sabel
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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11
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Hames A. Ageing and the Case of Democratic Medicine in Japan. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2019; 35:1-33. [PMID: 31782048 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-019-09392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging populations present serious challenges to societies for the provision of care and support for their eldest members. These include increased demands on families for care at home, shortages of professional care workers and facilities, and financial strains on governmental budgets. However, these conditions also provide space for the elderly to adapt institutions to secure care and support. This essay examines the ways the elderly work through Min-Iren, a federation of medical institutions in Japan, to meet their needs. Premised on a "democratic" model of solidarity, Min-Iren institutional structure provides participating elderly substantial power to modify ostensibly medical institutions. Drawing from 18 months of fieldwork, this essay ethnographically explores how the elderly refashion Min-Iren clinics and hospitals to offer venues for socializing, community building, and political action as well as conventional medical care. On the medical side, Min-Iren institutions enact a form of coproduction of health. However, interpreted from the perspective of social capital, Min-Iren institutions' forays into local social milieus resemble activities of civic organizations and foster social engagement, collective action, and social support. In the hands of the elderly, Min-Iren medical institutions, thus, endeavor to improve individual and neighborhood wellbeing in ways beyond medical care. Min-Iren's model that centers participation and local ownership is general and can be applied to other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hames
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Campus Box 1114, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Sánchez-García S, García-Peña C, Ramírez-García E, Moreno-Tamayo K, Cantú-Quintanilla GR. Decreased Autonomy In Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:2041-2053. [PMID: 31819386 PMCID: PMC6873968 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s225479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aims to explore characteristics associated with low perception of autonomy among community-dwelling older adults. Patients and methods This original research was derived from a cross-sectional study based on the study COSFOMA with information from 1,252 (60 years and older) community-dwelling older adults whose data was obtained through a questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, as well as different scales of geriatric assessment. The perception of autonomy was evaluated with the autonomy sub-scale of the Quality of Life Scale of Older Adults from the World Health Organization (World Health Organization Quality of Life of Older Adults, WHOQOL-OLD). Results The mean (SD) age of the 1,252 community-dwelling older adults participating in the study was 68.5 (7.2) years. The average perception of autonomy was 65.3 (18.2) points out of 100. In the final logistic regression model, schooling <6 years (Odds Ratio, OR = 2.1, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = 1.5-2.9), low social support (OR = 1.6, 1.2-2.2), low spirituality (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.9-3.4), presence of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4-2.5), anxiety (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2-2.5), and limitation in activities of daily living (ADL) (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.2) were statistically associated with the presence of low autonomy in older adults. Conclusion The perception of autonomy among community-dwelling older adults is moderate. Social support and spirituality, as well as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and limitations in ADL, play a significant role for degree of perceived autonomy in this population. Health professionals can use this information to promote participation in decision-making processes through programs that improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sánchez-García
- Epidemiological Research Unit and Health Services, Aging Area, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Eliseo Ramírez-García
- Epidemiological Research Unit and Health Services, Aging Area, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla Moreno-Tamayo
- Epidemiological Research Unit and Health Services, Aging Area, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ejiri M, Kawai H, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Watanabe Y, Hirano H, Kim HK, Ishii K, Oka K, Obuchi S. Social participation reduces isolation among Japanese older people in urban area: A 3-year longitudinal study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222887. [PMID: 31539403 PMCID: PMC6754169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Social isolation is a particular problem among older people and social participation may reduce future isolation. However, it is unclear which types of activities and which level of participation are effective. This study examines the relationship between social participation and isolation among Japanese older people by employing a 3-year longitudinal study. Methods A mail survey was sent to 3,518 community-dwelling older people in an urban area in 2014 (baseline: BL). We then conducted follow-up mail survey on respondents who were non-isolated at BL in 2017 (follow-up: FL), with isolation being defined as being in contact with others less than once a week. An analysis was carried out on 1,070 subjects (398 men and 672 women). Social participation is defined by participation in group activities (community, senior club, hobbies, sports, volunteering, politics, industry, and religion). A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between the types of social participation and the number of organization types at BL, and isolation at FL. Results At FL, 75 men (18.8%) and 59 women (8.8%) were considered to be isolated. Among the men, participation in a hobby group and sports group both significantly reduced the degree of isolation. Moreover, participation in two organizations and three or more organizations significantly lowered the risk of isolation when compared to non-participants. Among women, there were no significant associations among particular types of social activities and isolation. On the other hand, participation in one organization and three or more organizations significantly reduced their isolation when compared to non-participants. There was a significant linear trend between the number of types of organizations and isolation, regardless of gender. Conclusions Participation in social activities reduces future isolation in older people. Encouraging participation in social activities could help reduce negative health outcomes associated with social isolation later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Ejiri
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hun Kyung Kim
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Rodgers J, Valuev AV, Hswen Y, Subramanian SV. Social capital and physical health: An updated review of the literature for 2007-2018. Soc Sci Med 2019; 236:112360. [PMID: 31352315 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social capital is frequently indicated as a determinant of population health. Despite an increase in the frequency of public health studies including such measures, our understanding of social capital's effects on health remains unclear. In 2008, a systematic review of the "first decade" of research on social capital and health was published in the textbook Social Capital and Health. Our study intends to update and expand upon this original review to account for developments in the literature over the second decade of research on social capital and health. METHODS We employed a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the relationship between measures of social capital and physical health outcomes published between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018. To identify potential studies, we conducted searches of PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases in January 2019 using combinations of "social capital" and "physical health" search terms. RESULTS We identified 1,608 unique articles and reviewed 145 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. The most frequently examined health condition was self-reported health (57%), followed by mortality (12%), cardiovascular diseases (10%), obesity (7%), diabetes (6%), infectious diseases (5%), and cancers (3%). Of these studies, 127 (88%) reported at least partial support for a protective association between social capital and health. However, only 41 (28%) reported exclusively positive findings. The majority (59%) of results were mixed, suggesting a nuanced relationship between social capital and health. This finding could also be indicative of differences in study design, which showed substantial variation. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations in the literature, our review chronicles an evolution in the field of social capital and health in terms of size and sophistication. Overall, these studies suggest that social capital may be an important protective factor for some physical health outcomes, but further research is needed to confirm and clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rodgers
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Anna V Valuev
- Department of Global Health and Health Policy, Harvard University, 14 Story Street Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yulin Hswen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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15
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Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Cognitive Function among Older Adults by Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122142. [PMID: 31212979 PMCID: PMC6616497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As it is not easy to modify lifestyle, it is important to examine the effect of social capital (SC), which does not require behavior modifications, on dementia prevention. This study aimed to clarify gender differences in the relationship between cognitive function and individual SC among people living in a rural area in Japan. We used the Shimane Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) study data from 2011 to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. The analysis included 491 participants, aged 40 years or older, who had undergone medical examinations in two rural towns in Japan. Both cognitive SC and structural SC were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cognitive function levels as binary outcomes. We found a significant association between cognitive function and individual cognitive SC in men (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.43–6.78), and found that cognitive function was associated with structural SC in women (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.31). This study showed that the relationship between cognitive function and individual SC differed by gender. These results suggest that it is important to approach dementia prevention differently in men and women.
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16
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Yamaguchi M, Inoue Y, Shinozaki T, Saito M, Takagi D, Kondo K, Kondo N. Community Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms Among Older People in Japan: A Multilevel Longitudinal Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:363-369. [PMID: 30473545 PMCID: PMC6737188 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the contextual effects of community-level social capital on the onset of depressive symptoms using a longitudinal study design. Methods We used questionnaire data from the 2010 and 2013 waves of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study that included 14,465 men and 14,600 women aged over 65 years from 295 communities. We also used data of a three-wave panel (2006–2010–2013) to test the robustness of the findings (n = 7,424). Using sex-stratified multilevel logistic regression, we investigated the lagged associations between three scales of baseline community social capital and the development of depressive symptoms. Results Community civic participation was inversely associated with the onset of depressive symptoms (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.99 and women: AOR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–0.997 per 1 standard deviation unit change in the score), while no such association was found in relation to the other two scales on social cohesion and reciprocity. This association was attenuated by the adjustment of individual responses to the civic participation component. Individual-level scores corresponding to all three community social capital components were significantly associated with lower risks for depressive symptoms. The results using the three-wave data set showed statistically less clear but similar associations. Conclusions Promoting environment and services enhancing to community group participation might help mitigate the impact of late-life depression in an aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yamaguchi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo
| | - Masashige Saito
- Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University.,Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University.,Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo
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17
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Saeki K. The differential effects of type and frequency of social participation on IADL declines of older people. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207426. [PMID: 30462711 PMCID: PMC6248949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although social participation (SP) is valid in active aging, it is vague which types and the frequency of SP are effective in maintaining instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study and investigated the association of the types and frequency for SP with IADL decline in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS The target population were all individuals aged ≥65 living in a commuter town in Nara, Japan. A total of 6,013 participants with independent IADL at baseline were analyzed. IADL was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Six SP types were assessed: volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby clubs, senior citizens' clubs, neighborhood community associations, and cultural clubs. The frequency of SP was categorized into frequent (i.e., weekly or more), moderate (i.e., monthly or yearly), and non-participation. Using multiple logistic regression models, the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for IADL decline were calculated. Covariates included age, marital status, education, subjective economic status, work status, body mass index, chronic medical conditions (i.e., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease), lifestyle factors (i.e., alcohol, smoking, and exercise), self-rated health, depression, and cognitive functioning. To examine gender differences, stratified analyses by gender were performed. RESULTS During the 33-month follow-up, 16.4% of men and 8.7% of women exhibited IADL decline. After adjustment for all covariates, compared to those who never participated, women with moderate participation had significantly lower odds of IADL decline in volunteer groups (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31-0.88), hobby clubs (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.38-0.79), neighborhood community associations (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.42-0.81), and cultural clubs (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.82), and women with frequent participation had lower odds of IADL decline in hobby clubs (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43-0.93). In contrast, among men, the significant association between SP and less risk of IADL decline was limited to moderate participation in neighborhood community associations (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63-0.99), and there were no differences between frequent participation and non-participation in all types of SP. Regarding volunteer groups, compared to women with frequent participation, women with moderate participation had a significantly lower risk of IADL decline (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18-0.77). The results of additional stratified analyses by self-rated health, depression, and cognitive functioning showed that the associations of the type and frequency of SP with IADL decline varied according to physical and mental functioning. CONCLUSIONS Several types of SP have a favorable effect on IADL through moderate participation rather than frequent participation, and women with moderate participation in volunteer groups have a more beneficial effect on IADL than women with frequent participation. When advising community-dwelling older adults on SP for IADL maintenance, health professionals may need to take into account plateau effects, gender differences, and physical and mental functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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18
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Madyaningrum E, Chuang YC, Chuang KY. Factors associated with the use of outpatient services among the elderly in Indonesia. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:707. [PMID: 30200949 PMCID: PMC6131867 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly people tend to have greater healthcare utilization because of their health status. However, with the 4th largest population in the world, little is known concerning the use of services among the Indonesian elderly. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors related to the use of outpatient services among the Indonesian elderly. Methods This is cross sectional study using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5), conducted in 2014 and 2015. Only those who were 60 years or older were included in the analyses. We used a logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with use of outpatient services. Results Among 2912 participants, only 22.7% of respondents had visited health workers or doctors within the previous 4 weeks before the survey. After controlling for other variables, factors associated with the use of outpatient services were socioeconomic status, insurance status, regions of residence, self-rated health, and the number of chronic conditions. Conclusion Inequality in outpatient services was observed among the elderly in Indonesia. More effort is need to expand insurance coverage for the elderly, particularly for those in the lower economic status, and to improve access to outpatient services in rural regions by allocating the needed resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Madyaningrum
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11014, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ying-Chih Chuang
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11014, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yang Chuang
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11014, Taiwan.
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19
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Shiell A, Hawe P, Kavanagh S. Evidence suggests a need to rethink social capital and social capital interventions. Soc Sci Med 2018; 257:111930. [PMID: 30219489 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the 21 years since social capital first appeared in the public health literature, the evidence base has grown enormously, now reaching 28 systematic reviews encompassing more than 850 individual studies. We summarise this evidence and explain why conclusions relating to both the relationship between social capital and health, and the effectiveness of interventions to promote population health remain elusive and contradictory. A critical factor is the inadequate way that context is treated in the research, and especially how context interacts with efforts to promote health in a dynamic fashion. Of all the different types of interventions one could employ to improve the health of the public, 'social capital' interventions are likely to be the most context specific and especially affected by the boundaries placed around the context. A way forward is offered that requires a combination of insights from systems thinking, community-based participatory research, and intervention and improvement sciences. This requires renewed focus on the specific components of social capital, an understanding of how context interacts dynamically with efforts to improve health, a greater role for practice in the design, implementation, adaptation and evaluation of interventions, and the support of researchers to develop better methods for recognising and classifying the knowledge generated by complex interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiell
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University and the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Australia.
| | - Penelope Hawe
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, and the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Australia
| | - Shane Kavanagh
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University and the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Australia
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20
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Emmerling SA, Astroth KS, Kim MJ, Woith WM, Dyck MJ. A comparative study of social capital and hospital readmission in older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2018; 40:25-30. [PMID: 29909025 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors contribute to hospital readmissions of older adults. The role social capital may play in preventing hospital readmissions is unknown. The aim of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to determine if levels of personal social capital differ in two groups of patients aged 65 and older, those readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge and those not readmitted. Participants in this study (N = 106) were community-dwelling older adults discharged from 11 hospitals in the Midwestern United States. The Personal Social Capital Scale and a demographic questionnaire were mailed to eligible participants for completion. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was computed to examine the differences in the dependent variables of bonding and bridging social capital between those patients readmitted within 30 days and those not readmitted within 30 days. No significant differences between the two groups' mean levels of bonding or bridging social capital were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Emmerling
- OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, 530 N.E. Glen Oak Ave. Peoria, IL 61637.
| | - Kim Schafer Astroth
- Illinois State University - Mennonite College of Nursing, 100 North University Street, Normal, IL 61761
| | - Myoung Jin Kim
- Illinois State University - Mennonite College of Nursing, 100 North University Street, Normal, IL 61761
| | - Wendy M Woith
- Illinois State University - Mennonite College of Nursing, 100 North University Street, Normal, IL 61761
| | - Mary J Dyck
- Illinois State University - Mennonite College of Nursing, 100 North University Street, Normal, IL 61761
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21
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Nakamine S, Tachikawa H, Aiba M, Takahashi S, Noguchi H, Takahashi H, Tamiya N. Changes in social capital and depressive states of middle-aged adults in Japan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189112. [PMID: 29216253 PMCID: PMC5720718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines the relationships between changes in bonding and bridging types of social capital and depressive states among middle-aged adults in Japan using a nationally representative sample. Data was collected from a nationwide, population-based survey conducted from 2005 to 2013 in nine annual waves. A total of 16,737 middle-aged men and 17,768 middle-aged women provided data. They reported about depressive states, measured by Kessler 6 scores, and bonding and bridging types of social capital, measured by reported participation in different social activities. Latent growth modeling was conducted to examine relations between changes in bonding and bridging types of social capital and depressive states within individuals across the nine waves. The results showed that, for both men and women, increases in bonding social capital were associated with decreases in depressive states, while changes in bridging social capital were not related to changes in depressive states. In addition, the results showed that changes in bonding social capital, but not bonding social capital at the baseline, affected changes in depressive states. Future studies should take changes in social capital as an independent variable into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nakamine
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- JSPS Research Fellow, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hirokazu Tachikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miyuki Aiba
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Toyo Gakuen University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruko Noguchi
- School of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nanako Tamiya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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22
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Villalonga-Olives E, Kawachi I. The dark side of social capital: A systematic review of the negative health effects of social capital. Soc Sci Med 2017; 194:105-127. [PMID: 29100136 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing literature demonstrating the health benefits of social capital (defined as the resources accessed through social connections). However, social capital is also acknowledged to be a "double-edged" phenomenon, whose effects on health are not always positive. We sought to systematically review studies that have found a negative (i.e. harmful) association between social capital and health outcomes. Our objective was to classify the different types of negative effects, following a framework originally proposed by Portes (1998). We conducted a literature search in Pubmed, Embase and PsychInfo. We identified 3530 manuscripts. After detailed review, we included 44 articles in our systematic review. There are at least two negative consequences of social capital besides the classification proposed by Portes: behavioral contagion and cross-level interactions between social cohesion and individual characteristics. When leveraging the concept of social capital for health promotion interventions, researchers need to take account of these potential "downsides" for health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villalonga-Olives
- Pharmaceutical Health Services Research Department, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - I Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Kabayama M, Watanabe C, Ryuno H, Kamide K. Positive and negative associations of individual social capital factors with health among community-dwelling older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017. [PMID: 28643419 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous literature has found positive correlations between social capital and health in older adults, fewer studies have investigated the subdimension's effects of social capital on health. We aimed to determine the individual social capital subfactors in community-dwelling older adults in Japan, and to analyze the associations of these factors with physical and mental health. METHOD We sent a self-administered questionnaire assessing their perception of social group activity as the individual social capital, and mental and physical health (measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) to 4320 randomly selected older people. RESULTS There were 1836 valid responses. We clarified that people who participated in any social activity group were in significantly better physical and mental health compared with the people who did not. By the factor analysis of the perception for the social group activity, we identified three components of the individual social capital aspect that we termed harmonious, hierarchic and diversity. Using multiple linear regression, we found the hierarchic aspect was significantly negatively associated with mental health, whereas the harmonious aspect was significantly positively associated with mental and physical health, and diversity was significantly positively associated with mental health. CONCLUSION As the previous research literature on social capital has mainly emphasized its positive health consequences, the present findings provide a novel demonstration that some aspects of individual social capital can have negative associations with health outcomes in community-dwelling older people. For the practical application of promoting a healthier society, it is important to consider both the positive and negative sides of social capital. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2427-2434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hirochika Ryuno
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Campos ACV, Ferreira e Ferreira E, Vargas AMD. [Determinants of active aging according to quality of life and gender]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 20:2221-37. [PMID: 26132262 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015207.14072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to construct an indicator of active aging and assess its association with quality of life and possible determinants according to gender. The AGEQOL (Aging, Gender and Quality of Life) study was used to interview 2052 individuals aged 60 years and older residing in Sete Lagoas in the State of Minas Gerais. The association between active aging, quality of life and possible determinants was performed by multiple logistic regression with a 5% level of statistical significance separately for each gender. Most men were in the active aging group (58%), and 51.8% of women were in the normal aging group (p < 0.001). The quality of life in the Physical, Psychological, and total Score domains remained associated with the outcome in the final model for both genders. Among the men, the behavioral and community participation factors were positive predictors of active aging. Women with higher incomes, who did not suffer falls and engaged in community participation, had a better chance of belonging to the active aging group. The conclusion drawn is that quality of life and participation in groups are the main determinants of active aging, and the other factors associated with active aging are different for each gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Viana Campos
- Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil,
| | - Efigenia Ferreira e Ferreira
- Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil,
| | - Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas
- Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil,
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25
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Hosoi H. Positive and negative influences of social participation on physical and mental health among community-dwelling elderly aged 65-70 years: a cross-sectional study in Japan. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:111. [PMID: 28525988 PMCID: PMC5437627 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous investigations have indicated that social participation (SP) has positive effects on the health of older adults, there have been few studies on its negative health consequences. We examined the cross-sectional associations of the type, frequency, and autonomy for SP with physical and mental health. METHODS The analytical subjects were 5126 males and 7006 females who were functionally independent, born between 1945 and 1949, and covered by A City's medical insurance system. Physical and mental health were measured using the SF-8 Health Survey. SP was measured through six types of social groups. These social groups included volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby clubs, senior citizens' clubs, neighborhood community associations, and cultural groups. Analysis of covariance was conducted to compare adjusted physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) by the frequency and autonomy of SP. Age, family size, body mass index, chronic conditions, smoking, alcohol intake, depression and cognitive functioning were included as covariates. To examine whether the associations between SP and PCS/MCS are different between genders, we performed analyses stratified by gender. RESULTS Overall, positive associations of the frequency and autonomy of SP with PCS and MCS were stronger in females than males. As to frequency, frequent participation in sports groups and hobby clubs had significantly better PCS among both genders and better MCS among females than non-participation. None of the groups differed significantly in the MCS among males. As to autonomy, among both genders, voluntary participation in sports groups and hobby clubs had significantly better PCS than non-participation, and better MCS than not only non-participation, but also obligatory participation. Among females, obligatory participation in all groups had significantly poorer MCS than voluntary participation, and obligatory participation in sports groups had significantly poorer MCS than non-participation. CONCLUSIONS Obligatory SP had significantly poorer MCS than voluntary participation, occasionally than non-participation; there is a possibility that obligatory SP has harmful influences on mental health of community-dwelling elderly. Measures to promote SP with consideration for individuals' autonomy may be effective in the public health approach to maintaining mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara city, Nara, 634-8521 Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara city, Nara, 634-8521 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoi
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara city, Nara, 634-8521 Japan
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Hosoi H. Association between the frequency and autonomy of social participation and self-rated health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:2537-2544. [PMID: 28516468 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although numerous studies have reported that social participation (SP) has favorable effects on older people's health, no studies have focused on the autonomy of SP. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between the type, frequency, and autonomy of SP and self-rated health (SRH). METHODS A postal survey was mailed to 19 354 citizens born between 1945 and 1949 in a city in Nara prefecture (response rate: 65.9%). A total of 12 157 respondents (5114 men and 7043 women) with independent basic activities of daily living made up the analytical participants. Six types of SP were measured: volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby groups, senior citizens' clubs, neighborhood community associations and cultural groups. Using multiple logistic regressions, we calculated the odds ratio for poor SRH, with non-participation as the reference. Covariates included age, family size, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking, drinking, walking, depression and cognitive function. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios for poor SRH decreased with more frequent SP or with more voluntary SP among both sexes, but this dose-response relationship was stronger in women than in men. After mutual adjustment for the frequency and autonomy of SP, voluntary SP had stronger effects on SRH than frequent SP, especially in sports and hobby groups among men, and in volunteer and hobby groups among women. For cultural groups, women with frequent and voluntary SP had positive effects on SRH, but frequent and obligatory SP had negative effects on men. CONCLUSIONS The present results imply that encouraging voluntarily chosen SP rather than frequent SP might be a key point for successful aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2537-2544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara city, Nara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara city, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoi
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara city, Nara, Japan
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Hosoi H. Age and gender differences in the association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:99. [PMID: 28454521 PMCID: PMC5410028 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have suggested social participation (SP) has beneficial effects on elderly people's health, most of them failed to deal with paid work. Additionally, few studies have focused on the age effect between SP and older people's health. To investigate whether the association between SP, including paid work, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), exhibits not only in gender, but also in age among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS In 2014, we distributed self-administered questionnaires to all community-dwelling elderly aged ≥65 in two medium-sized cities in Nara Prefecture, Japan (n = 32,825). 22,845 residents submitted the questionnaire (response rate, 69.6%). Analyzed subjects were limited to 17,680 persons who had neither dependency in basic ADL nor missing data for required items. SP was assessed based on participation frequency in seven types of social activities: volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby groups, cultural groups, senior citizens' clubs, neighborhood community associations, and paid work. Using Poisson regression models, prevalence ratio for poor IADL was calculated. To examine age and gender differences in the association between SP and IADL, we performed stratified analyses by age and gender group; male young-old (aged 65-74), male old-old (aged ≥75), female young-old, and female old-old. RESULTS Prevalence of those with poor IADL was 17.1% in males and 4.5% in females, showing a significant gender difference. After adjustment for relevant covariates, volunteer groups were inversely associated with poor IADL only in males and the relationship was stronger in the old-old group than in the young-old group. Conversely, only females had a significant inverse association between paid work and poor IADL, and the association was not reliant on their ages but only those who participated infrequently had a favorable effect. Influence of age in the beneficial association between SP and IADL was generally larger in the old-old group than in the young-old group, but hobby groups were inversely associated with poor IADL, regardless of age, gender, and frequency. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SP in older age is positively associated with IADL, however, the association seems to differ depending on the type of activities participated in, the participants' gender, and their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521 Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoi
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521 Japan
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Hosoi H. Correction: Social Participation and the Prevention of Decline in Effectance among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Population-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164925. [PMID: 27755579 PMCID: PMC5068769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Hosoi H. Association Between Social Participation and 3-Year Change in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 65:107-113. [PMID: 27673582 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether social participation (SP) in older adults is associated with ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Two local municipalities of Nara, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 65 to 96 (n = 2,774 male, n = 3,586 female) free of IADL disability at baseline. MEASUREMENTS SP and IADLs were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. SP was categorized into five types and assessed using the number and type of social activities. IADLs were evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Logistic regression analysis stratified according to sex was used to examine change in IADLs according to SP, with nonparticipation as a reference. RESULTS During the 3-year follow-up, 13.6% of men and 9.0% of women reported IADL decline. After adjusting for age, family structure, body mass index, pension, occupation, medical treatment, self-rated health, drinking, smoking, depression, cognitive function, and activities of daily living, participation in various social activities was inversely associated with change in IADLs in women but not men. Participation in the following types of social activities had significant inverse associations with IADL disability: hobby clubs (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.94) for men and local events (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48-0.95), hobby clubs (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.79), senior citizen clubs (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56-0.97), and volunteer groups (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.32-0.99) for women. CONCLUSION Participation in a variety of different types of social activities was associated with change in IADLs over the 3 years of this study in women, and participation in hobby clubs was associated with change in IADLs in men and women. Recommending that community-dwelling elderly adults participate in social activities appropriate for their sex may promote successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoi
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Xu Q, Norstrand JA, Du Y. Effects of Living Alone on Social Capital and Health Among Older Adults in China. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2016; 82:30-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0091415015624419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social capital has been connected with positive health outcomes across countries, including China. Given the rise in the number of seniors living alone, there is a need to examine the health benefits of social capital, accounting for living arrangements. Data from the 2005 Chinese General Social Survey were used to test research hypotheses. Controlling for demographics, elders living alone possessed similar level of social capital compared with elders living with others. While bonding and linking social capital were significant factors in urban areas and linking social capital was a significant factor in rural areas, the relationship between living alone and health did not differ based on the level of social capital possession. When the traditional intergenerational living arrangement has not been a valid option for many older adults in China, seeking new way of family caring, and developing appropriate social and institutional structures to assist elders living alone, becomes critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Xu
- Tulane University School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Yan Du
- Tulane University Center for Aging, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Noguchi M, Iwase T, Suzuki E, Takao S. Home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers and psychological distress: a population-based study of 11,312 community-dwelling older people in Japan. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:1156-63. [PMID: 25727798 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Novel countermeasures to increase healthcare expenditures should be explored in rapidly aging societies, including Japan. Social support is a resource for the older people that effectively reduces psychological distress, with or without specialized health service provision. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine whether home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers (organizations of community residents assigned by national or local governments) are associated with a lower risk of psychological distress among the older people. METHODS Questionnaires were sent in August 2010 to all residents aged ≥65 years in three municipalities (n = 21,232) in Okayama Prefecture in Japan; 13,929 were returned (response rate = 65.6%). The final sample size for the analysis was 11,312 participants. Home visits, psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale: K6 > 5), and severe psychological distress (K6 > 13) were measured by the questionnaire. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for psychological distress, adjusting for age, gender, education, marital status, and qualification for long-term care insurance. RESULTS The prevalence was 41.4% for psychological distress and 6.5% for severe psychological distress among all participants. Home visits were significantly associated with a lower risk of psychological distress after adjusting for the covariates (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.65-0.77). These associations were comparable for men and women. The association was clearer for severe psychological distress (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.43-0.61). CONCLUSIONS Home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers are significantly associated with a lower risk of psychological distress among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Noguchi
- Okayama Prefectural Mental Health and Welfare Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwase
- Support Center for Medical Cooperation, Human Resource Placement, and Career Promotion of Okayama Prefecture, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Kobayashi T, Suzuki E, Noguchi M, Kawachi I, Takao S. Community-Level Social Capital and Psychological Distress among the Elderly in Japan: A Population-Based Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142629. [PMID: 26550997 PMCID: PMC4638358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence, previous studies have not clearly separated the contribution of community-level social capital on mental health from that of individual-level social support. We examined the association between community-level social capital and psychological distress in a sample of older Japanese individuals, taking into account the effects of individual-level social capital and social support. We collected data via a cross-sectional survey among all residents aged ≥65 in three rural municipalities in Okayama Prefecture. We measured two components of social capital in the questionnaire: perceptions of trust and reciprocity in the community. Community-level social capital was obtained by aggregating individual responses and calculating the proportion of subjects reporting mistrust and lack of reciprocity. Psychological distress was assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress scale. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for psychological distress using two-level Poisson regression models (9,761 individuals nested within 35 communities). The prevalence of psychological distress was 39.8%. Low community-level social capital was associated with psychological distress, even after controlling for individual-level social support, age, sex, educational attainment, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, marital status, socioeconomic status, and number of cohabiters. The adjusted RRs per 10% increase of the proportion of mistrust and lack of reciprocity in the communities were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01–1.51) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.02–1.24), respectively. Lower levels of community-level social capital are associated with psychological distress among the Japanese elderly population, even after adjusting for individual-level perceptions of social capital and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kobayashi
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Okayama Prefectural Mental Health and Welfare Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Kim CO, Cho BH. Can Geographic Bridging Social Capital Improve the Health of People Who Live in Deprived Urban Neighborhoods? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2015; 46:767-89. [PMID: 26536915 DOI: 10.1177/0020731415615306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing number of people living in deprived urban neighborhoods, which often have unhealthy environments, is of growing concern to inequality researchers. Social capital could be a resource to help such communities get ahead. In this study, we examined the differential effects of bonding and bridging social capital on self-rated health using two operational definitions, which we call personal and geographic social capital. Bonding and bridging social capital were operationally distinguished as respondents' perceived similarity to other members of a group with respect to personal characteristics (personal social capital) or as structural similarity with respect to geographical location (geographic social capital). The results showed that although both bonding and bridging social capital as defined by person-based criteria were associated with increased odds of self-rated health compared to those who reported zero participation, when defined by place-based criteria, only bridging social capital was associated with increased odds of self-rated health; no clear association was found between health and belonging to groups within the neighborhood, so-called geographic bonding social capital. The present study suggests that geographic bridging social capital can function as linking social capital that enables an upward approach depending on the political and economic contexts of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-O Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hee Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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The measurement of bridging social capital in population health research. Health Place 2015; 36:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Social Participation and the Prevention of Decline in Effectance among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Population-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139065. [PMID: 26406326 PMCID: PMC4583439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between a decline in effectance and social participation (SP) from the perspective of the number and the type of SP in a prospective cohort study. METHODS Included in this analysis were community-dwelling elderly aged ≥ 65 without dependency on the basic activities of daily living and reporting a perfect baseline effectance score (n = 4,588; mean age 72.8 ± 5.7). SP was categorized into 5 types: neighborhood associations, hobby groups, local event groups, senior citizen clubs, and volunteer groups. Effectance was evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Using logistic regression analysis, odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for a decline in effectance were calculated. Age, family, BMI, pensions, medical history, medications, alcohol, smoking, cognitive function, depression, social support, ADL, and IADL were used as covariates. RESULTS During the 3-year follow-up, 17.8% of eligible participants reported a decline in effectance. After adjustment for covariates, participation in various groups was associated with the preservation of effectance for both genders. Regarding the type of SP, among females, participation in neighborhood associations (OR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.48-0.81), hobby groups (0.58, 0.43-0.77), local event groups (0.63, 0.47-0.86), and volunteer groups (0.53, 0.35-0.82) was inversely associated with a decline in effectance. Among males, the beneficial effect was more likely limited to hobby groups (0.59, 0.43-0.81) and volunteer groups (0.57, 0.39-0.83). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that participation in a variety of social groups is effective for maintenance of older people's effectance, while the beneficial effect of each type of SP on effectance is stronger for females than for males. Recommending community-dwelling elderly to participate in social groups appropriate for their gender may be effective for successful aging.
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Oshio T. The association between individual-level social capital and health: cross-sectional, prospective cohort and fixed-effects models. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-205962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Murayama H, Nofuji Y, Matsuo E, Nishi M, Taniguchi Y, Fujiwara Y, Shinkai S. Are neighborhood bonding and bridging social capital protective against depressive mood in old age? A multilevel analysis in Japan. Soc Sci Med 2015; 124:171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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