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Mitra B, Ball H, Lau G, Symons E, Fitzgerald MC. Alcohol-related trauma presentations among older teenagers. Emerg Med Australas 2023; 35:269-275. [PMID: 36316024 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study were to report the proportion of older teenagers, including the subgroup operating a motor vehicle, presenting to an adult major trauma centre after injury with a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) over a 12-year period. METHODS This was a registry-based cohort study, including all patients aged 16-19 years presenting to an adult major trauma centre in Victoria, Australia from January 2008 to December 2019 and included in the trauma registry. A Poisson regression model was used to test for change in incidence of positive BAC associated trauma and summarised using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There were 1658 patients included for analysis and alcohol was detected in 368 (22.2%; 95% CI 20.2-24.3). Most alcohol positive presentations were on weekend days (n = 207; 56.3%) and most were males (n = 307). Over the 12-year period, there was a reduction in the incidence of older teenagers presenting with a positive BAC (IRR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.98; P = 0.001). Among patients presenting after trauma in the setting of operating a motor vehicle (n = 545), alcohol was detected in 80 (14.7%) with no significant change in incidence of positive BAC (IRR 0.95; 95% CI 0.89-1.02; P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of older teenagers included in the registry had alcohol exposure prior to trauma. Despite a modest down-trending incidence, the need for continuing preventive measures is emphasised. In particular, preventive efforts should be targeted at male, older teenagers undertaking drinking activities on weekend days and driving motor vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley Ball
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Lau
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evan Symons
- Department of Psychiatry, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark C Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Trauma Services, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Rezaei N, Ahmadi N, Shams Beyranvand M, Hasan M, Gohari K, Yoosefi M, Djalalinia S, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Modirian M, Pazhuheian F, Mahdavihezaveh A, Moradi G, Delavari F, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Alcohol consumption and related disorders in Iran: Results from the National Surveillance of Non-Communicable Diseases' Survey (STEPs) 2016. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000107. [PMID: 36962484 PMCID: PMC10021244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a public health concern which is illegal in Iran. Moreover, due to cultural and religious beliefs, the available population-based research findings on alcohol consumption are inadequate. We aimed to provide an estimate on alcohol consumption using a large-scale population-based survey in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Surveillance of Non-Communicable Risk Factors in Iran was a population-based survey conducted in 2016. The epidemiologic distribution of alcohol consumption and its related disorders were assessed using weighted survey methods and multiple logistic regression models. Age standardized rates were calculated using Iran's national population census in 2016. RESULTS At the national level, the prevalence rates of lifetime and current alcohol consumption were 8.00% (95% CI: 7.67-8.32) and 4.04% (95% CI: 3.81-4.27), respectively. The highest prevalence was reported among 25 to 34 year-olds. Individuals of higher socioeconomic status consumed significantly greater levels of alcohol. At provincial level, the highest and lowest percentages of the current alcohol drinking rates in Iran's provinces were, 23.92% (95% CI: 17.56-30.28) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0-1.18) in males, 1.58% (95% CI: 0.22-2.94) and 0% in females, respectively. In urban regions, the highest alcohol consumption rate was more than 22 times greater than the lowest alcohol consumption rate. Current alcohol drinkers were 2 times more prone to injury as compared to nondrinkers (ORadj: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.7, 2.3). CONCLUSION In Iran, the prevalence of alcohol consumption is low, although there is a considerable variation of alcohol consumption at provincial level as well as in different gender groups. Therefore, preventive WHO-recommended measures should be adopted more seriously by vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Shams Beyranvand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Hasan
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Modirian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Pazhuheian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Marzan M, Callinan S, Livingston M, Jiang H. Alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and the perpetration of antisocial behaviours in Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109432. [PMID: 35405461 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to understand the dose-response relationship of the volume and patterns of alcohol consumption with alcohol-related antisocial behaviours (ASB) in the general population and assess whether these relationships are consistent across various sociodemographic subgroups. METHODS We used data from 30,275 respondents aged (14-69) from two waves (2013 and 2016) of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS). Average daily alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking (HED) frequencies were treated as the main independent variables and self-reported ASB perpetration as the dependent variable. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models predicting ASB with interaction terms between alcohol consumption and various sociodemographic variables were estimated. FINDINGS Compared with low-risk drinking (0.01-20 g of alcohol/day), respondents drinking at risky (20.01-40 g of alcohol/day) and high risk (>40 g of alcohol per day) levels had an increased prevalence of ASB perpetration with adjusted odds ratios of 3.63 (95% CI 2.98-4.42) and 8.07 (6.72-9.71). Increasing frequency of HED was also linked to increased self-report of ASB perpetration in bivariable and multivariable models. In our interaction models, we found higher probabilities of ASB perpetration among younger and unmarried respondents for a given level of drinking. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Both average daily alcohol consumption and frequency of HED predict the probability of perpetrating alcohol-related ASB. Unsurprisingly, the risk of alcohol-specific ASB increased more quickly with consumption levels for younger and single respondents, suggesting interventions to reduce consumption among younger and unmarried persons will significantly impact ASB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Marzan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Drug Research Institute (NDRI), Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Deutsch AR. Punch-Drunk or Drunken Boxing? The Etiology of Alcohol-Related Physical Violence through Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:615-626. [PMID: 33691595 PMCID: PMC9275523 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1887244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related physical violence (ARPV) can be a causal consequence of alcohol consumption, but only for specific individuals (e.g., those predisposed to violence). Studies have not accounted for the shared etiology explaining comorbidity between alcohol use and violent behavior as a potential third-variable explanation of ARPV. The current study examined genetically-informed associations between ARPV, heavy alcohol use (HAU) and overall physical violence (OPV) in adolescence and young adulthood, by testing two proposed theories of ARPV processes (HAU causes ARPV, causal relationships depend upon OPV) and how overarching shared covariance may account for these associations. METHODS Using the twin and sibling subsample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a series of biometric models tested hypotheses individually in adolescence and young adulthood. This included estimating bivariate Cholesky and direction-of-causality models, and trivariate Cholesky, independent pathway, and common pathway models. RESULTS HAU had a causal effect on ARPV in adolescence and young adulthood. This effect was not moderated by OPV at either developmental stage. A shared etiology or common latent factor did not explain associations between ARPV, OPV, and HAU, even though ARPV strongly covaried independently with HAU and with OPV. Finally, OPV also had a causal effect on ARPV in adolescence, and in young adulthood for adolescent-onset drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Causal theories of ARPV still hold when accounting for shared genetic and environmental variance. Further research on the exact role of violence (predispositions, environmental contexts) is required, as both phenotypes substantially (and separately) explain influences driving ARPV. UNLABELLED Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1887244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Deutsch
- Avera Health, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Sanford School of Medicine, Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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Rehm J, Hasan OS. Is burden of disease differentially linked to spirits? A systematic scoping review and implications for alcohol policy. Alcohol 2020; 82:1-10. [PMID: 31260796 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most epidemiological research on alcohol as a risk factor is based on the assumption that outcomes are linked to pattern and level of alcohol exposure, where different beverages are converted into grams of ethanol. This review examines this basic assumption, that alcohol has the same impact, independent of beverage type. We conducted a systematic search on comparative research of beverage-specific alcohol exposure and consequences. Research was divided by methodology (survey, case-control, cohort, time-series analyses, interventional research). Overall, many studies showed higher risks for spirits compared to beer or wine; however, most research was not controlled adequately for confounders such as patterns of drinking. While there is no conclusive evidence for spirits being associated with more harm, given the same pattern and level of alcohol exposure, some evidence supports for certain outcomes such as injuries and poisonings, a potential excess risk with spirits consumption due to rapid ethanol intake and intoxication. Accordingly, encouraging people to opt for beverages with lower alcohol content via taxation strategies has the potential to reduce alcohol-attributable harm. This does not necessarily involve switching beverage type, but also can achieved within the same beverage category, by shifting from higher to lower concentration beverages.
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Rada C, Ispas AT. Alcohol consumption and accentuated personality traits among young adults in Romania: a cross-sectional study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016; 11:36. [PMID: 27784325 PMCID: PMC5081981 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-016-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption (AC) has negative social and economic consequences, affects health, and can create dependence. As dependence is particularly difficult to cure, prevention is important. This study aimed to identify the frequency, quantity, occasions, reasons, type of AC, and correlation with accentuated personality traits among young adults in Romania. Methods Participants were 1359 young adults aged 18–30 years (average age, 22.67 years; standard deviation [SD], 3.02 years) from urban environments including the main university centers. Several questionnaires covering issues such as health risk behavior (smoking, alcohol abuse, unprotected sex, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy eating), aggression, personality, adaptability, cohesion, and communication were administered to participants between 2013 and 2014. Pearson’s chi-square tests and z-tests were used for the analyses. Results Common reasons young adults first tried AC were curiosity (67.8 %), to be like peers (17.9 %), and adult influence (6.5 %). In terms of AC frequency, 72.5 % consumed alcohol only on special occasions/holidays, 19.4 % on weekends, 4.8 % three to four times per week, and 0.4 % on a daily basis. To overcome sexual/emotional inhibitions or for courage, 2.1 % of participants drank frequently and 23.5 % drank from time to time. AC most often occurred with a group of friends (62.3 %). For 9.7 % of participants, AC was a reason for poor concentration, or problems at work/school. At the time of interview, participants had consumed an average of 319.48 ml beer (SD, 1223.02 ml), 82.75 ml wine (SD, 385.39 ml) and 25.62 ml spirits (SD, 131.34 ml) in the previous week. AC was significantly higher in males (p < 0.01), and in participants aged 23–30 years (p < 0.05). AC was influenced by six accentuated personality traits: Demonstrativeness, Hyper-perseverance, Uncontrollability, Hyperthymia, Cyclothymia, and Exaltation (p < 0.01). Conclusions AC was relatively high, especially among young men, peer groups, and young adults who had problems socializing. AC also correlated with some accentuated personality traits. Therefore, public health education programs should be targeted for these categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Rada
- "Francisc I. Rainer" Anthropology Institute of the Romanian Academy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Avenue, O.P. 35, C.P. 13, Sector 5, 050474, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Teodor Ispas
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Bucharest, Romania
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Chaiyasong S, Thamarangsi T. Provincial alcohol index and its relationship to alcohol-related harm in Thailand: implications for subnational alcohol policy development. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:541. [PMID: 27401490 PMCID: PMC4940853 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Provincial Alcohol Index (PAI) is one of the efforts to develop a composite measurement to operationalize the situation of alcohol consumption and related risk behaviors. The index offers a means for national and subnational alcohol control committees to address alcohol-related problems in their responsible jurisdiction areas. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between PAI scores and alcohol-related problems using Thailand as an example. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of PAI scores based on the 2007 National Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior Survey (CSAD) and the National Statistical Office data were conducted. CSAD data were collected from 168,285 Thai residents aged 15 years and above in 76 provinces of Thailand (population range 180,787 to 5,716,248). The PAI scores were generated using three different methods based on five indicators: 1) prevalence of adult (≥15 years) drinkers, 2) prevalence of underage drinkers, 3) proportion of regular drinkers, 4) proportion of binge drinkers and 5) proportion of drink-drivers. Alcohol-related injuries and violent events together with provincial level covariates (age, gender, income and region) were assessed. Correlational and linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between PAI scores and alcohol-related problems. RESULTS The PAI scores generated from the three methods were significantly correlated with one another (r > 0.7, p < 0.05) and significantly related to alcohol-related problems after adjusting for the provincial level covariates. Based on the normalized method, PAI scores had a significant and positive relationship with prevalence of alcohol-related injuries (beta = 562 cases per million population, p = 0.027) and violence (beta = 451 events per million population, p = 0.013). PAI scores were highest in the north and lowest in the south of the country. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study illustrate the relationship between the PAI and alcohol-related problems. The PAI scores can be used to benchmark the alcohol situation across jurisdiction areas. Future studies are suggested to develop a scale to measure subnational alcohol policy performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Chaiyasong
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit (SPRU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand. .,Health Promotion Policy Research Center (HPR), International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand.
| | - Thaksaphon Thamarangsi
- Health Promotion Policy Research Center (HPR), International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
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Siciliano V, Mezzasalma L, Scalese M, Doveri C, Molinaro S. Drinking and driving among Italian adolescents: Trends over seven years (2007-2013). ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 88:97-104. [PMID: 26745272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the issue of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), especially among young people. The aims of the present study were (1) to analyse the trends of DUI, riding with a driver under influence of alcohol (RWDUI) and alcohol-related road crashes (A-rC) in a nationally representative sample of students in the period 2007-2013, (2) to assess how different drinking patterns were associated with DUI and RWDUI, (3) to evaluate other influential factors (such as gender, older siblings' and friends' behaviour with alcohol) on DUI and RWDUI. Data were drawn from the cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) carried out annually in Italy. The sample size ranged from 25,555 to 40,390 students (15-19 years old). Results were stratified for students <18 years and ≥18 years old. Although a significant decreasing trend for alcohol consumption was observed only in the younger group, a significant decrease in DUI [APC (annual percent change) -9.7 in the younger and -6.4 in the older group] and in RWDUI (APC -6.7 in the younger and -4.8 in the older group) was detected. A significant decreasing trend of A-rC was observed only in the older group (APC -3.4). Three specific drinking patterns were identified: "Drinking to Excess" (DE), "Drinking with Intoxication" (DI) and "Drinking but Not to Excess" (DNE). In both age groups, the DE pattern significantly increased the likelihood of DUI, whereas the DI pattern was negatively associated, and the DNE pattern was not associated. Different results were found for RWDUI: the DE and DI patterns where significantly associated with RWDUI, whereas the DNE pattern was negatively associated. Overall, illegal substance use, parental monitoring, peers' and siblings' influence were associated with DUI and RWDUI. The change in behaviour towards DUI and RWDUI suggests a cumulative effectiveness of current alcohol policies, although further actions (greater attention to social context, law enforcement, and promotion of good practice) are needed to substantially reduce alcohol-related crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Siciliano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Lorena Mezzasalma
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Cristina Doveri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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Yeung W, Leong WY, Khoun K, Ong W, Sambi S, Lim SM, Bieber B, Wilder-Smith A. Alcohol Use Disorder and Heavy Episodic Drinking in Rural Communities in Cambodia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:835-47. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539515607961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is increasing in Southeast Asia. We investigated the extent of and risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and heavy episodic drinking (HED) in a rural community in Cambodia. We also attempted to explore the communities’ perception of alcohol misuse and elicited potential community-based strategies to address the alcohol problem. A mixed-methods study design was used, combining a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with qualitative interviews (focus group discussions and key informant interviews). AUD and HED were measured using the AUDs Identification Test Alcohol Consumption questionnaire. The prevalence of AUD and HED was high: 25% and 31%, respectively. Male sex, younger age, and increasing income were significant risk factors. The communities were well aware of the harmful effects of alcohol, expressed the importance of implementing community-based measures, and proposed various community-led solutions. Evidence-based strategies that are culturally appropriate, accepted, and driven by communities are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Warren Ong
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Su-Min Lim
- Community Development Consultants, Singapore
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