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Qi Z, LE S, Cheng R, DU X, Zhao C, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Feng L, Schumann M, Mao L, Cheng S. Responses of the Serum Lipid Profile to Exercise and Diet Interventions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1036-1045. [PMID: 38247038 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the response patterns of circulating lipids to exercise and diet interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS The 8.6-month four-arm randomized controlled study comprised 115 NAFLD patients with prediabetes who were assigned to aerobic exercise (AEx; n = 29), low-carbohydrate diet (Diet; n = 28), AEx plus low-carbohydrate diet (AED; n = 29), and nonintervention (NI, n = 29) groups. Hepatic fat content (HFC) was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Serum lipidomic analytes were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS After intervention, the total level of phosphatidylcholine (PC) increased significantly in the AEx group ( P = 0.043), whereas phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and triacylglycerol decreased significantly in the AED group ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.036, respectively), and phosphatidylserine decreased in the NI group ( P = 0.002). Changes of 21 lipid metabolites were significantly associated with changes of HFC, among which half belonged to PC. Most of the molecules related to insulin sensitivity belonged to sphingomyelin (40 of 79). Controlling for the change of visceral fat, the significant associations between lipid metabolites and HFC remained. In addition, baseline serum lipids could predict the response of HFC to exercise and/or diet interventions (PE15:0/18:0 for AED, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.97; PE22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/0:0 for AEx, AUC = 0.90; and PC14:1(9Z)/19:1(9Z) for Diet, AUC = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Changes of lipidome after exercise and/or diet interventions were associated with HFC reductions, which are independent of visceral fat reduction, particularly in metabolites belonging to PC. Importantly, baseline PE could predict the HFC response to exercise, and PC predicted the response to diet. These results indicate that a circulating metabolomics panel can be used to facilitate clinical implementation of lifestyle interventions for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qi
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CHINA
| | | | - Runtan Cheng
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Xiaming DU
- Department of Orthopedic, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Can Zhao
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Zhengyun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, CHINA
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CHINA
| | | | - Lijuan Mao
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, CHINA
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Fan Y, Zhang M, Ma J, Zhang Y, Yang J. Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5562. [PMID: 36480472 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders accompany nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with prediabetes. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) seem to be a potential prebiotic, and aerobic exercise has shown protective effects on NAFLD with prediabetes. However, their combined effects on NAFLD and prediabetes remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of LBP and aerobic exercise alone, and their combined effects on the metabolomics of serum, and explored the potential mechanisms utilizing a high-fat diet-induced rat model of NAFLD and prediabetes. It provided the metabolic basis for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of prediabetes complicated with NAFLD. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to analyze the changes in overall metabolites in each group of samples. An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model with variable importance on projection >1 and p < 0.05 were used as the screening criteria to screen the significant differential metabolites and analyze the expression changes and functional pathways. Different intervention treatments showed clear discrimination by univariate and multivariate analyses. The model group had a high relative level of expression of lipids. Comparison between the two groups showed steroids with high expression after LBP and aerobic exercise treatment separately and alkaloids and fatty acyls with high expression after aerobic exercise and the combination intervention, respectively. Comparison of the five groups showed some of the metabolites to be differently expressed after the intervention improved lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The three types of intervention had sound effects on the changes in liver index for the diseases studied. Furthermore, the combination treatment may be a better choice for disease prevention and treatment than a single treatment. Our analysis of metabolomics confirmed that the different treatments had significant regulatory effects on the metabolic pathways. Our findings strongly support the possibility that aerobic exercise combined with LBP can be regarded as a potential therapeutic method for NAFLD in prediabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiamin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Shen Q, Zhong YT, Liu XX, Hu JN, Qi SM, Li K, Wang Z, Zhu HY, Li XD, Wang YP, Li W. Platycodin D ameliorates hyperglycaemia and liver metabolic disturbance in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:74-86. [PMID: 36504256 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the ameliorative effects of platycodin D (PD), a major active chemical ingredient isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), on high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice. PD treatment (2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1) improved HFD-induced body weight gain. PD administration also decreased the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and improved glucose and insulin tolerance levels. These data collectively showed that PD could maintain glucose homeostasis. In addition, the diabetic mice with PD treatment also showed fewer pathological changes in liver tissues and improved hepatic functional indexes with respect to the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and recovery of abnormal liver function caused by T2D. Except for these, PD decreased the decomposition of hepatic glycogen. The results from western blot analysis showed that PD treatment might regulate the hepatic gluconeogenesis pathway with the increased phosphorylation/expression of AMPK and decreased expressions of PCK1 and G6Pase. In the aspect of lipid metabolism, PD decreased the whole-body lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and reduced the hepatic fat accumulation induced by T2D through the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 fatty acid anabolism pathway. In addition, the results of molecular docking showed that PD may have a potential direct effect on AMPK and other key glycolipid metabolism proteins. To summarize, PD modulation of hepatic glycolipid metabolism abnormalities is promising for T2D therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Shen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu-Te Zhong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Si-Min Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ke Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhang X. Combined Physical Exercise and Diet: Regulation of Gut Microbiota to Prevent and Treat of Metabolic Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224774. [PMID: 36432462 PMCID: PMC9699229 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle have contributed to the rising incidence of metabolic diseases, which is also accompanied by the shifts of gut microbiota architecture. The gut microbiota is a complicated and volatile ecosystem and can be regulated by diet and physical exercise. Extensive research suggests that diet alongside physical exercise interventions exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases by regulating gut microbiota, involving in the changes of the energy metabolism, immune regulation, and the microbial-derived metabolites. OBJECTIVE In this review, we present the latest evidence in the modulating role of diet and physical exercise in the gut microbiota and its relevance to metabolic diseases. We also summarize the research from animal and human studies on improving metabolic diseases through diet-plus-exercise interventions, and new targeted therapies that might provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms. METHODS A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Web of Science in October 2022. The key terms used in the searches included "combined physical exercise and diet", "physical exercise, diet and gut microbiota", "physical exercise, diet and metabolic diseases" and "physical exercise, diet, gut microbiota and metabolic diseases". CONCLUSIONS Combined physical exercise and diet offer a more efficient approach for preventing metabolic diseases via the modification of gut microbiota, abating the burden related to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence:
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Fernández T, Viñuela M, Vidal C, Barrera F. Lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263931. [PMID: 35176096 PMCID: PMC8853532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a liver condition that is increasing worldwide and expected to become the number one cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the next 5 years. Currently there are no successful or approved pharmacological treatments. Weight loss is the first-line therapy as a 7 to 10% reduction improves steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and fibrosis. To achieve this, lifestyle interventions including daily exercise and diet must be encouraged. We aimed to assess the effects of diet, exercise, or a combination of both compared to conventional treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods and finding A literature search was performed in CENTRAL, EMBASE, and PubMed. Randomized controlled trials comparing lifestyle changes with conventional treatment were included, without date restriction. Two authors searched studies according to eligibility criteria, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Subgroup analysis was made by type of intervention, duration of intervention and supervision. We calculated mean differences between the intervention and the control group with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of bias tool. This study is registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42020184241, and checked with the PRISMA checklist. 30 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Compared to conventional treatment, combined exercise with diet seems to elicit greater reductions in ALT (MD: -13.27 CI 95% -21.39, -5.16), AST (MD: -7.02 CI 95% -11.26, -2.78) and HOMA-IR (MD: -2.07 CI 95% -2.61, -1.46) than diet (ALT MD: -4.48 CI 95% -1.01, -0.21; HOMA-IR MD: -0.61 CI 95% -1.01, -0.21) and exercise (ALT and AST non-significant; HOMA-IR MD = -0.46 CI 95% -0.8, -0.12) alone. Additionally, exercise improved quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and weight (MD: -2.64 CI 95% -5.18, -0.09). Conclusion Lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of NAFLD. Diet and exercise combined are superior to these interventions alone in improving liver enzymes and HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fernández
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Macarena Viñuela
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Vidal
- Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wu N, Yuan F, Yue S, Jiang F, Ren D, Liu L, Bi Y, Guo Z, Ji L, Han K, Yang X, Feng M, Su K, Yang F, Wu X, Lu Q, Li X, Wang R, Liu B, Le S, Shi Y, He G. Effect of exercise and diet intervention in NAFLD and NASH via GAB2 methylation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:189. [PMID: 34736535 PMCID: PMC8569968 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder that extends from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is effectively alleviated by lifestyle intervention. Nevertheless, DNA methylation mechanism underling the effect of environmental factors on NAFLD and NASH is still obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and diet intervention in NAFLD and NASH via DNA methylation of GAB2. METHODS Methylation of genomic DNA in human NAFLD was quantified using Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip assay after exercise (Ex), low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and exercise plus low carbohydrate diet (ELCD) intervention. The output Idat files were processed using ChAMP package. False discovery rate on genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation (q < 0.05), and cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) which are located in promoters were used for subsequent analysis (|Δβ|≥ 0.1). K-means clustering was used to cluster differentially methylated genes according to 3D genome information from Human embryonic stem cell. To quantify DNA methylation and mRNA expression of GRB2 associated binding protein 2 (GAB2) in NASH mice after Ex, low fat diet (LFD) and exercise plus low fat diet (ELFD), MassARRAY EpiTYPER and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used. RESULTS Both LCD and ELCD intervention on human NAFLD can induce same DNA methylation alterations at critical genes in blood, e.g., GAB2, which was also validated in liver and adipose of NASH mice after LFD and ELFD intervention. Moreover, methylation of CpG units (i.e., CpG_10.11.12) inversely correlated with mRNA expression GAB2 in adipose tissue of NASH mice after ELFD intervention. CONCLUSIONS We highlighted the susceptibility of DNA methylation in GAB2 to ELFD intervention, through which exercise and diet can protect against the progression of NAFLD and NASH on the genome level, and demonstrated that the DNA methylation variation in blood could mirror epigenetic signatures in target tissues of important biological function, i.e., liver and adipose tissue. Trial registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN 42622771).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siran Yue
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyan Jiang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjie Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenming Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Han
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mofan Feng
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Su
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglong Le
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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The Impact of Nordic Walking on Bone Properties in Postmenopausal Women with Pre-Diabetes and Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147570. [PMID: 34300021 PMCID: PMC8305808 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Nordic walking on bone properties in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 63 eligible women randomly participated in the Nordic walking training (AEx, n = 33), or maintained their daily lifestyle (Con, n = 30) during intervention. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of whole body (WB), total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (L2-4) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum osteocalcin, pentosidine, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels were analyzed by ELISA assay. After an 8.6-month intervention, the AEx group maintained their BMCTF, BMDTF, BMCL2−4, and BMDL2−4, and increased their BMCFN (p = 0.016), while the Con group decreased their BMCTF (p = 0.008), BMDTF (p = 0.001), and BMDL2−4 (p = 0.002). However, no significant group × time interaction was observed, except for BMDL2−4 (p = 0.013). Decreased pentosidine was correlated with increased BMCWB(r = −0.352, p = 0.019). The intervention has no significant effect on osteocalcin and RANKL. Changing of bone mass was associated with changing of pentosidine, but not with osteocalcin and RANKL. Our results suggest that Nordic walking is effective in preventing bone loss among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and NAFLD.
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Buzzetti E, Linden A, Best LM, Madden AM, Roberts D, Chase TJG, Freeman SC, Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Fritche D, Milne EJ, Wright K, Pavlov CS, Davidson BR, Tsochatzis E, Gurusamy KS. Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 6:CD013156. [PMID: 34114650 PMCID: PMC8193812 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013156.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) varies between 19% and 33% in different populations. NAFLD decreases life expectancy and increases the risks of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and requirement for liver transplantation. There is uncertainty surrounding the relative benefits and harms of various lifestyle interventions for people with NAFLD. OBJECTIVES To assess the comparative benefits and harms of different lifestyle interventions in the treatment of NAFLD through a network meta-analysis, and to generate rankings of the different lifestyle interventions according to their safety and efficacy. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and trials registers until February 2021 to identify randomised clinical trials in people with NAFLD. SELECTION CRITERIA We included only randomised clinical trials (irrespective of language, blinding, or status) in people with NAFLD, whatever the method of diagnosis, age, and diabetic status of participants, or presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We excluded randomised clinical trials in which participants had previously undergone liver transplantation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We planned to perform a network meta-analysis with OpenBUGS using Bayesian methods and to calculate the differences in treatments using hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and rate ratios (RaRs) with 95% credible intervals (CrIs) based on an available-participant analysis, according to National Institute of Health and Care Excellence Decision Support Unit guidance. However, the data were too sparse for the clinical outcomes. We therefore performed only direct comparisons (head-to-head comparisons) with OpenBUGS using Bayesian methods. MAIN RESULTS We included a total of 59 randomised clinical trials (3631 participants) in the review. All but two trials were at high risk of bias. A total of 33 different interventions, ranging from advice to supervised exercise and special diets, or a combination of these and no additional intervention were compared in these trials. The reference treatment was no active intervention. Twenty-eight trials (1942 participants) were included in one or more comparisons. The follow-up ranged from 1 month to 24 months. The remaining trials did not report any of the outcomes of interest for this review. The follow-up period in the trials that reported clinical outcomes was 2 months to 24 months. During this short follow-up period, clinical events related to NAFLD such as mortality, liver cirrhosis, liver decompensation, liver transplantation, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality were sparse. This is probably because of the very short follow-up periods. It takes a follow-up of 8 years to 28 years to detect differences in mortality between people with NAFLD and the general population. It is therefore unlikely that differences by clinical outcomes will be noted in trials with less than 5 years to 10 years of follow-up. In one trial, one participant developed an adverse event. There were no adverse events in any of the remaining participants in this trial, or in any of the remaining trials, which seemed to be directly related to the intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicates considerable uncertainty about the effects of the lifestyle interventions compared with no additional intervention (to general public health advice) on any of the clinical outcomes after a short follow-up period of 2 months to 24 months in people with nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease. Accordingly, high-quality randomised clinical trials with adequate follow-up are needed. We propose registry-based randomised clinical trials or cohort multiple randomised clinical trials (a study design in which multiple interventions are trialed within large longitudinal cohorts of participants to gain efficiencies and align trials more closely to standard clinical practice), comparing aerobic exercise and dietary advice versus standard of care (exercise and dietary advice received as part of national health promotion). The reason for the choice of aerobic exercise and dietary advice is the impact of these interventions on indirect outcomes which may translate to clinical benefit. The outcomes in such trials should be mortality, health-related quality of life, decompensated liver cirrhosis, liver transplantation, and resource use measures including costs of intervention and decreased healthcare use after a minimum follow-up of eight years, to find meaningful differences in the clinically important outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buzzetti
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital and the UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK
| | - Audrey Linden
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lawrence Mj Best
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Angela M Madden
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Danielle Roberts
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J G Chase
- Department of General Surgery, Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Suzanne C Freeman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola J Cooper
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alex J Sutton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Kathy Wright
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chavdar S Pavlov
- Department of Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Tsochatzis
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital and the UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK
| | - Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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9
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A P4 Medicine Perspective of Gut Microbiota and Prediabetes: Systems Analysis and Personalized Intervention. J Transl Int Med 2020; 8:119-130. [PMID: 33062587 PMCID: PMC7534502 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes worldwide and has become a global public health problem. Generally, individuals go to hospitals and get healthcare only when they have obvious T2D symptoms. While the underlying cause and mechanism of the disease are usually not well understood, treatment is for the symptoms, but not for the disease cause, and patients often continue to progress with more symptoms. Prediabetes is the early stage of diabetes and provides a good time window for intervention and prevention. However, with few symptoms, prediabetes is usually ignored without any treatment. Obviously, it is far from ideal to rely on the traditional medical system for diabetes healthcare. As a result, the medical system must be transformed from a reactive approach to a proactive approach. Root cause analysis and personalized intervention should be conducted for patients with prediabetes. Based on systems medicine, also known as P4 medicine, with a predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory approach, new medical system is expected to significantly promote the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as prediabetes and diabetes. Many studies have shown that the occurrence and development of diabetes is closely related to gut microbiota. However, the relationship between diabetes and gut microbiota has not been fully elucidated. This review describes the research on the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes and some exploratory trials on the interventions of prediabetes based on P4 medicine model. Furthermore, we also discussed how these findings might influence the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diabetes in the future, thereby to improve the wellness of human beings.
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10
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Collao N, Rada I, Francaux M, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor Regulation in Innate Immune Cells – A Review. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 39:39-52. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1682569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collao
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Rada
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Salud Deportivo, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Rowin J. Integrative neuromuscular medicine: Neuropathy and neuropathic pain: Consider the alternatives. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:124-136. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rowin
- Wellness and Integrative Neurology, Advanced Pain and Anesthesia ConsultantsCenters for Pain Management Westchester Illinois USA
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12
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Beaudry KM, Devries MC. Sex-based differences in hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride storage and metabolism 1. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:805-813. [PMID: 30702924 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Women and men store lipid differently within the body with men storing more fat in the android region and women storing more fat in the gynoid region. Fat is predominately stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerides (TG); however, TG are also stored in other tissues including the liver and skeletal muscle. Excess hepatic TG storage, defined as a TG concentration >5% of liver weight and known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is related to the metabolic syndrome. Similarly, elevated skeletal muscle TG, termed intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), are related to insulin resistance in obesity and type II diabetes. Men store more hepatic TG than women and, unsurprisingly, NAFLD is more prevalent in men than women. Women store more IMCL than men, yet type II diabetes risk is not greater, which is likely due to the manner in which women store TG within muscle. Sex-based differences in TG storage between men and women are underpinned by differences in messenger RNA expression, protein content, and enzyme activities of skeletal muscle and hepatic lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, women have a greater reliance on lipid during exercise because of upregulation of lipid oxidative pathways. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of sex in mediating lipid storage and metabolism within skeletal muscle and the liver at rest and during exercise and its relationship with metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh M Beaudry
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michaela C Devries
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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13
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Codella R, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Exercise has the guts: How physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:331-341. [PMID: 29233686 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Limited animal and human research findings suggests that exercise might have a beneficial role for health gut. Cardiorespiratory fitness correlates with health-associated gut parameters such as taxonomic diversity and richness. Physical exercise may augment intestinal microbial diversity through several mechanisms including promotion of an anti-inflammatory state. Disease-associated microbial functions were linked to distinct taxa in previous studies of familial type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). An integrated multi-approach in the study of T1D, including physical exercise, is advocated. The present review explores how exercise might modulate gut microbiota and microbiome characteristics in chronic and immune-based diseases, given the demonstrated relationship between gut function and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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14
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Castaño-Rodríguez N, Mitchell HM, Kaakoush NO. NAFLD, Helicobacter species and the intestinal microbiome. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:657-668. [PMID: 29566909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It is well-accepted that gut dysbiosis is associated with NAFLD, however, there is some conflicting evidence regarding the nature of these alterations. Infection with Helicobacter species, mainly H. pylori, has also been associated with increased NAFLD risk, however, some studies have failed to reproduce this finding. Further studies including large study samples and standardised procedures for microbiota analyses, H. pylori detection and NAFLD diagnostic criteria, are required. The mechanisms involving Helicobacter species and the intestinal microbiome in NAFLD pathogenesis appear to be part of the multiple-hit theory, in which increased intestinal permeability, inflammatory responses, altered choline, bile acids and carbohydrate metabolism, production of short-chain fatty acids, urea cycle and urea transport systems, altered maintenance of hepatic γδT-17 cells, insulin resistance, hormones secreted by the adipose tissue, metabolic hormones, bacterial metabolites and Helicobacter toxins, are all implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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15
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Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes across Ethnicities: A Review of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) for Classification of Dysglycaemia. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111273. [PMID: 29165385 PMCID: PMC5707745 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes can be defined by the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) to identify individuals at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The World Health Organization (WHO, 1999) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2003) utilise different cut-off values for IFG (WHO: 6.1–6.9 mmol/L; ADA: 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) but the same cut-off values for IGT (7.8–11.0 mmol/L). This review investigates whether there are differences in prevalence of IFG, IGT, and combined IFG&IGT between ethnicities, in particular Asian Chinese and European Caucasians. In total, we identified 19 studies using the WHO1999 classification, for which the average proportional prevalence for isolated (i)-IFG, i-IGT, and combined IFG&IGT were 43.9%, 41.0%, and 13.5%, respectively, for Caucasian and 29.2%, 49.4%, and 18.2%, respectively, for Asian. For the 14 studies using ADA2003 classification, the average proportional i-IFG, i-IGT, and combined IFG&IGT prevalences were 58.0%, 20.3%, and 19.8%, respectively, for Caucasian; 48.1%, 27.7%, and 20.5%, respectively, for Asian. Whilst not statistically different, there may be clinically relevant differences in the two populations, with our observations for both classifications indicating that prevalence of i-IFG is higher in Caucasian cohorts whilst i-IGT and combined IFG&IGT are both higher in Asian cohorts.
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16
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Effect of aerobic exercise and diet on liver fat in pre-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15952. [PMID: 29162875 PMCID: PMC5698376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess whether aerobic exercise (AEx) training and a fibre-enriched diet can reduce hepatic fat content (HFC) and increase glycaemic control in pre-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Six-hundred-and-three patients from seven clinics in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China were recruited. Of them 115 individuals aged 50–65-year fulfilled the inclusion criteria (NAFLD with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance) and were randomly assigned into exercise (AEx n = 29), diet (Diet n = 28), exercise plus diet (AED n = 29), or no-intervention (NI n = 29) groups. Progressive supervised AEx training (60–75% VO2max intensity) was given 2-3 times/week in 30–60 min/sessions, and the diet intervention was provided as lunch with 38% carbohydrate and diet fibre of 12 g/day for 8.6-month. HFC was assessed by 1H MRS. We found that HFC was significantly reduced in the AEx (−24.4%), diet (−23.2%), and AED (−47.9%) groups by contrast to the 20.9% increase in the NI group (p = 0.001 for all) after intervention. However, only AED group significantly decreased HbA1c (−4.4%, p = 0.01) compared with the NI group (−0.6%). Aerobic exercise training combined with fibre-enriched diet can reduce HFC more effectively than either exercise or increased fibre-intake alone in pre-diabetic patients with NAFLD.
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17
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Matsuo T, Miyata Y, Sakai H. Editorial Comment to Nutrient intake and urinary incontinence in Korean women: A propensity score-matched analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Int J Urol 2017; 24:797-798. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
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18
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Mach N, Fuster-Botella D. Endurance exercise and gut microbiota: A review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:179-197. [PMID: 30356594 PMCID: PMC6188999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise include the correction of electrolyte imbalance, a decrease in glycogen storage and the increase of oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, muscle damage, and systemic inflammatory response. Adaptations to exercise might be influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in the production, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet as well as in inflammation, redox reactions, and hydration status. METHODS A systematic and comprehensive search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and EMBASE was done. The search process was completed using the keywords: "endurance", "exercise", "immune response", "microbiota", "nutrition", and "probiotics". RESULTS Reviewed literature supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota might be able to provide a measureable, effective marker of an athlete's immune function and that microbial composition analysis might also be sensitive enough to detect exercise-induced stress and metabolic disorders. The review also supports the hypothesis that modifying the microbiota through the use of probiotics could be an important therapeutic tool to improve athletes' overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels. CONCLUSION The present review provides a comprehensive overview of how gut microbiota may have a key role in controlling the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses as well as improving metabolism and energy expenditure during intense exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Health Science Department, International Graduate Institute of the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParis Tech, University of Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dolors Fuster-Botella
- Health Science Department, International Graduate Institute of the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
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Campbell SC, Wisniewski PJ. Exercise is a Novel Promoter of Intestinal Health and Microbial Diversity. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2017; 45:41-47. [DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Impact of exercise on fecal and cecal metabolome over aging: a longitudinal study in rats. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:21-36. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Physical exercise can reduce adverse conditions during aging, while both exercise and aging act as metabolism modifiers. The present study investigates rat fecal and cecal metabolome alterations derived from exercise during rats’ lifespan. Methods & results: Groups of rats trained life-long or for a specific period of time were under study. The training protocol consisted of swimming, 15–18 min per day, 3–5 days per week, with load of 4–0% of rat's weight. Fecal samples and cecal extracts were analyzed by targeted and untargeted metabolic profiling methods (GC–MS and LC–MS/MS). Effects of exercise and aging on the rats’ fecal and cecal metabolome were observed. Conclusion: Fecal and cecal metabolomics are a promising field to investigate exercise biochemistry and age-related alterations.
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Wang XG, Huang LH. Therapeutic effect of fasted exercise on nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3417-3421. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i22.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of fasted exercise on nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty nonalcoholic fatty liver patients were randomly divided into a preprandial exercise group, a postprandial exercise group and a no exercise (control) group, with 40 cases in each group. The exercise was outdoor running at 4 km/h. All of the patients had a daily intake of total calories less than 2092 kJ (500 kcal). Detection of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and calculation of body mass index and liver fat content were performed once a month for 6 mo. ALT and γ-GT were measured with an Au5400 automatic biochemistry analyzer. Fibroscantouch was used to determine liver fat content.
RESULTS: Body mass index in the control group had no obvious decline. Compared with the control group, body mass index was slowly decreased in the postprandial exercise group, and a significant difference was observed from 8 wk (P < 0.05). Body mass index in the preprandial exercise group decreased significantly, and a significant difference was observed at 4 wk (P < 0.01). At 8 wk, body mass index in the preprandial exercise group reached a normal level (23.4 kg/m2 ± 3.0 kg/m2). Both kinds of exercise had a curative effect on the recovery of ALT, which was more apparent in the preprandial exercise group. ALT at 8 wk in the preprandial exercise group returned to the normal level (50.3 U/L ± 7.6 U/L). In the control group and postprandial exercise group ALT declined slightly, and failed to return the normal level at 24 wk. The level of γ-GT in each group slowly declined and returned to the normal level at 24 wk, showing no difference between groups at corresponding time points (P > 0.05). The fat in the liver was significantly reduced in the two exercise groups, which was faster in the preprandial exercise group. The intrahepatic fat in the preprandial exercise group at 4 wk (246.4 db/m ± 27.8 db/m) was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.01), while the postprandial exercise group showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) at 20 wk (250.1 db/m ± 13.0 db/m).
CONCLUSION: Fasted exercise is superior to postprandial exercise in terms of nonalcoholic fatty liver inflammation and weight control.
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Le S, Mao L, Lu D, Yang Y, Tan X, Wiklund P, Cheng S. Effect of aerobic exercise on insulin resistance and central adiposity disappeared after the discontinuation of intervention in overweight women. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:166-170. [PMID: 30356533 PMCID: PMC6188741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess whether the benefits of exercise on central adiposity and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are maintained after discontinuation of intervention in the overweight/obese (OWOB) women. METHODS The study subjects were from 2 independent studies with similar aerobic exercise (AE) intervention programs. In study I, 15 OWOB postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes (body mass index, BMI = 24-33 kg/m2, aged 52-65 years) completed an 8-month exercise intervention and were followed for 2 years after the intervention. In study II, 12 OWOB (BMI = 25-35 kg/m2, aged 30-50 years) premenopausal women participated in a 6-week AE and were followed for 4 years after the intervention. The exercise program consisted of progressive AE with intensity of 60%-75% of initial fitness level, 30-60 min/time and 3-5 times/week. Fat mass (FM) was assessed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA Prodigy; study I) or bioelectrical impedance device (Inbody 720; study II). Plasma glucose and insulin were assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay and HOMA-IR was calculated. RESULTS Both 8-month and 6-week moderate AE were effective in reducing HOMA-IR (-18.9%, p = 0.012 and -26.7%, p = 0.046, respectively), and 8-month AE reduced FM at upper abdominal region (-6.2%, p = 0.021). However, these improvements were not maintained in either study at the follow-up. CONCLUSION The AE program used in these studies was effective to reduce insulin resistance and/or FM in central body region among overweight and obese women. However, when exercise intervention was discontinued, the beneficial effects following both short- and long-term intervention disappeared. Thus maintaining exercise seems to be required if one wants to reap the benefits of exercise in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Le
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lijuan Mao
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dajiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Mahana D, Trent CM, Kurtz ZD, Bokulich NA, Battaglia T, Chung J, Müller CL, Li H, Bonneau RA, Blaser MJ. Antibiotic perturbation of the murine gut microbiome enhances the adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver disease associated with high-fat diet. Genome Med 2016; 8:48. [PMID: 27124954 PMCID: PMC4847194 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are serious health concerns, especially in Western populations. Antibiotic exposure and high-fat diet (HFD) are important and modifiable factors that may contribute to these diseases. Methods To investigate the relationship of antibiotic exposure with microbiome perturbations in a murine model of growth promotion, C57BL/6 mice received lifelong sub-therapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT), or not (control), and were fed HFD starting at 13 weeks. To characterize microbiota changes caused by STAT, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was examined from collected fecal samples and analyzed. Results In this model, which included HFD, STAT mice developed increased weight and fat mass compared to controls. Although results in males and females were not identical, insulin resistance and NAFLD were more severe in the STAT mice. Fecal microbiota from STAT mice were distinct from controls. Compared with controls, STAT exposure led to early conserved diet-independent microbiota changes indicative of an immature microbial community. Key taxa were identified as STAT-specific and several were found to be predictive of disease. Inferred network models showed topological shifts concurrent with growth promotion and suggest the presence of keystone species. Conclusions These studies form the basis for new models of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD that involve microbiome perturbation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0297-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Cheng S, Wiklund P, Autio R, Borra R, Ojanen X, Xu L, Törmäkangas T, Alen M. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Altered Systemic Amino Acid Metabolism Are Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138889. [PMID: 26439744 PMCID: PMC4595021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty liver is a major cause of obesity-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify early metabolic alterations associated with liver fat accumulation in 50- to 55-year-old men (n = 49) and women (n = 52) with and without NAFLD. Methods Hepatic fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Serum samples were analyzed using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics platform. Global gene expression profiles of adipose tissues and skeletal muscle were analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays and quantitative PCR. Muscle protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Results Increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), aromatic amino acid (AAA) and orosomucoid were associated with liver fat accumulation already in its early stage, independent of sex, obesity or insulin resistance (p<0.05 for all). Significant down-regulation of BCAA catabolism and fatty acid and energy metabolism was observed in the adipose tissue of the NAFLD group (p<0.001for all), whereas no aberrant gene expression in the skeletal muscle was found. Reduced BCAA catabolic activity was inversely associated with serum BCAA and liver fat content (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions Liver fat accumulation, already in its early stage, is associated with increased serum branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. The observed associations of decreased BCAA catabolism activity, mitochondrial energy metabolism and serum BCAA concentration with liver fat content suggest that adipose tissue dysfunction may have a key role in the systemic nature of NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Cheng
- Exercise Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Reija Autio
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ronald Borra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaowei Ojanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leiting Xu
- Exercise Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Markku Alen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Cox-York KA, Sheflin AM, Foster MT, Gentile CL, Kahl A, Koch LG, Britton SL, Weir TL. Ovariectomy results in differential shifts in gut microbiota in low versus high aerobic capacity rats. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/8/e12488. [PMID: 26265751 PMCID: PMC4562574 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased risk for cardiometabolic disease with the onset of menopause is widely studied and likely precipitated by the decline in endogenous estradiol (E2), yet the precise mechanisms are unknown. The gut microbiome is involved in estrogen metabolism and has been linked to metabolic disease, suggesting its potential involvement in the postmenopausal phenotype. Furthermore, menopause-associated risk factors, as well as gut ecology, are altered with exercise. Therefore, we studied microbial changes in an ovariectomized (OVX vs. Sham) rat model of high (HCR) and low (LCR) intrinsic aerobic capacity (n = 8–10/group) in relation to changes in body weight/composition, glucose tolerance, and liver triglycerides (TG). Nine weeks after OVX, HCR rats were moderately protected against regional adipose tissue gain and liver TG accumulation (P < 0.05 for both). Microbial diversity and number of the Bacteroidetes phylum were significantly increased in LCR with OVX, but unchanged in HCR OVX relative to Sham. Plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), produced by bacteria in the gut and recognized as metabolic signaling molecules, were significantly greater in HCR Sham relative to LCR Sham rats (P = 0.05) and were decreased with OVX in both groups. These results suggest that increased aerobic capacity may be protective against menopause-associated cardiometabolic risk and that gut ecology, and production of signaling molecules such as SCFA, may contribute to the mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Cox-York
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy M Sheflin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber Kahl
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Saponaro C, Gaggini M, Gastaldelli A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: common pathophysiologic mechanisms. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:607. [PMID: 25894944 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-015-0607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for advanced liver disease, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of NAFLD in the general population is around 30 %, but it is up to three times higher in those with T2DM. Among people with obesity and T2DM, the NAFLD epidemic also is worsening. Therefore, it is important to identify early metabolic alterations and to prevent these diseases and their progression. In this review, we analyze the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to NAFLD, particularly, those common to T2DM, such as liver and muscle insulin resistance. However, it is mainly adipose tissue insulin resistance that results in increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, inflammation, and lipotoxicity. Although genetics predispose to NAFLD, an unhealthy lifestyle, including high-fat/high-sugar diets and low physical activity, increases the risk. In addition, alterations in gut microbiota and environmental chemical agents, acting as endocrine disruptors, may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Saponaro
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy,
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