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S K, George S, Soman A, Jo S, Beegum F, Habibullah MA. Salivary Proteinase 3 as a Biomarker for Caries Severity in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:236-240. [PMID: 38690696 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to evaluate the relation between salivary proteinase 3 (PR3) concentration and caries severity in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-to-eight-year age group children, from the Outpatient Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry at PMS Dental College were selected for the study. From these children, three groups each consisting of 28 children were selected according to the dental caries severity. Three groups were: (1) No Dental Caries group, (2) Low Dental Caries group with DMFT/DEFT score of 1-4, and (3) High Dental Caries group with DMFT/DEFT score of 5-15. Thus, a total of 84 children who satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected. The concentration of PR3 in saliva of the donors were analyzed using an ELISA kit. One way ANOVA was used for finding the relation of salivary PR3 concentration with caries severity. Pairwise comparison of PR3 concentration and caries severity were analyzed using post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Severity of caries and concentration of salivary PR3 showed an inverse relation. As the caries severity increases there was a decrease in PR3 concentration and vice versa. CONCLUSION The children with high caries severity showed lower concentration of PR3 in their saliva compared with those with lower caries severity which indicates that PR3 can be used as a biomarker for assessing caries severity and also paves way to use PR3 as a caries vaccine in future. Nowadays, interest toward noninvasive and personalized dentistry has been increased. Molecular assays using salivary biomarkers can be an effective tool in detecting the caries in earlier stages and assessing a patient's caries risk. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Salivary PR3 can be used as prognostic biomarker for assessing caries severity and after treatment the value of PR3 can be used as a assessment tool to confirm its relation with caries. How to cite this article: Karthika S, George S, Soman A, et al. Salivary Proteinase 3 as a Biomarker for Caries Severity in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(3):236-240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika S
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sageena George
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anandaraj Soman
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shiana Jo
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Fahanna Beegum
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 552801065, e-mail:
| | - Mohammed A Habibullah
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Khan SY, Javed F, Ebadi MH, Schroth RJ. Prevalence and Risk Factors for ECC Among Preschool Children from India along with the Need of its Own CRA Tool- A Systematic Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12:295-308. [PMID: 35966917 PMCID: PMC9369784 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_56_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Caries in the deciduous dentition of children under six years of age is termed as early childhood caries (ECC). ECC is prevalent among Indian children and identifying modifiable risk factors is important for prevention. This systematic review was undertaken to describe the burden of ECC in India, its prevalence, associated risk factors along with its repercussions on childhood health. Materials and Methods A search was conducted for published Indian studies on ECC through electronic databases and complemented with hand search. The protocol for the present systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (Ref No.CRD42022306234)Care was taken to include studies which could represent all parts of India- Central, North, South, East and West. Included papers were reviewed for prevalence of ECC and reported risk factors. Results Overall 37 studies on ECC in India were identified relating to prevalence, 11 reported risk factors and two reported on the association between severe ECC and nutritional health and well-being. The prevalence of ECC in India in these studies varied from16% to 92.2%. This systematic review revealed that ECC is prevalent among Indian children and highlights the need of preventive intervention and early risk assessment by its own caries risk assessment (CRA) tool. Occurrence seems to be firmly connected with age, snacking frequency, feeding and oral hygiene habits and with social determinants of health including parental education level, low socioeconomic status and number of siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Yunus Khan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Prof. Saima Yunus Khan, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr.Z.A.Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, India. E-mail:
| | - Faraha Javed
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ebadi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry. Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry and Department of Pediatric and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady,College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Vanka S, Vanka A, Wali O, Chauhan NS, Alhazmi LS, Alqazlan AA. Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries among the 3–5-year-old Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S197-S200. [PMID: 35645519 PMCID: PMC9108852 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is a significant dental public health issue and it is the world's most common oral health condition among children. In the Kingdom, the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries has been rising. Aim The aim of the study is to establish the prevalence of early childhood caries among children aged 3-5 years in Jeddah as well as the associated risk factor of visiting a dentist. Methodology The research is based on a cross-sectional observational design. Children from both private and public schools were randomly selected from schools in all of Jeddah's regions until a sufficient sample size was attained. For the diagnosis of early childhood caries, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria were used. Results In Jeddah, the prevalence of early childhood caries is 57% among children aged 3-5 years. Conclusion Caries in young children is a public health issue. There should be an increased emphasis to the parents that the child should visit the dentist by 12 months of age as recommended by many professional organizations. Regular dental appointments would then help to lessen the caries burden on children at an early age. The Four A's treatment regimen is recommended to aid in the prevention and early detection of early childhood caries. How to cite this article Vanka S, Vanka A, Wali O, et al. Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries among the 3-5-year-old Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S197-S200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Vanka
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dentistry Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, United Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Shanthi Vanka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, United Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 7554005315, e-mail:
| | - Amit Vanka
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dentistry Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, United Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Wali
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Dentistry Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, United Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neeraj S Chauhan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bhabha College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Lama S Alhazmi
- Dentistry Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, United Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed A Alqazlan
- Department of Dentistry, Saudi Ministry of Health, Jeddah, United Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Shmueli A, Assad-Halloun A, Fux-Noy A, Halperson E, Shmueli E, Ram D, Moskovitz M. Promoting oral and dental health in early childhood - knowledge, views and current practices among paediatricians in Israel. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:956365. [PMID: 36683793 PMCID: PMC9853542 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.956365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early childhood dental caries is the most prevalent disease in childhood. Paediatricians are considered by parents as the main authority on prevention and treatment of all the health requirements of their infants. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of paediatricians in promoting oral and dental health among young patients (under age 36 months) and their parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS 145 anonymous questionnaires were distributed among paediatricians, 130 of them were 90% or above answered and were suitable for analysis for this study.75% of the questionnaires were distributed during the national convention of the Israeli Association of Clinical Paediatrics, 10% in paediatric ambulatory clinics and 15% in paediatric departments in hospitals. Questionnaires were distributed between 2018 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were physicians specialists in paediatrics or residents in paediatrics, all have Israeli licences to practice in Israel. exclusion criteria were partially filled questionnaires. The questionnaire was validated in a pilot study during the years 2010-2012. In addition to demographic variables that included medical training, post-graduate education and clinical practice the questionnaire included 42 questions. Eleven questions on demographics and amount of dental training during academic and clinical training 31 questions belonged to several sections that referred to the participants' awareness of the AAP guidelines regarding oral and dental health and knowledge of oral health. In each section paediatricians were asked to answer or give an opinion on a specific issue, their answers were coded to scores on a scale of 0-5 and summed per section. Correlations between different variables were analysed. The t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed for comparing two variables. For comparing more than two variables, we used the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test or ANOVA. RESULTS The response rate was 89% (130 questionnaires out of 145). The survey showed that most paediatricians (80%) recognized their role in maintaining the oral and dental health of their young patients. Nevertheless, most admitted that they do not perform simple procedures on a regular basis, like dental examinations (64.6%), or asking parents about feeding habits (59.2%) or teeth brushing (75.4%). Only 21% of the participants expressed adequate knowledge of dental care for children younger than age 3 years. Fifty-eight percent of the participants never had any dental training during their entire paediatric medicine training, including medical school. Paediatricians in private or baby clinics received higher scores in practicing caries prevention, 24.15 ± 5.17 (SD), than paediatricians in hospitals, 2.79 ± 0.54 (SD) (p = 0.006). Caries prevention practice was not found to correlate with paediatricians' knowledge or attitudes regarding oral and dental caries prevention. CONCLUSION Oral and dental knowledge should be incorporated into the paediatric medicine curriculum. With their heavy workload, paediatricians generally do not implement dental caries risk assessment and counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Shmueli
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aida Assad-Halloun
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avia Fux-Noy
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elinor Halperson
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einat Shmueli
- Paediatric Pulmonology Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Diana Ram
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moti Moskovitz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Deghatipour M, Ghorbani Z, Mokhlesi AH, Ghanbari S, Namdari M. Community-based interventions to reduce dental caries among 24-month old children: a pilot study of a field trial. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:637. [PMID: 34893041 PMCID: PMC8665609 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common dental disease among children worldwide, leading to many difficulties on child’s growth. As WHO mentioned, educational interventions in addition to interprofessional collaboration are needed to achieve proper ECC prevention. In present study we’ve aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some oral health promotion interventions to reduce dental caries among 24-month old children. Methods A field trial study was conducted amongst 439 mothers from pregnancy up to 24 months after delivery in Public Health Centers in Varamin, Tehran, Iran. Participants were allocated to intervention (n = 239) and control groups (n = 200). Demographic, socioeconomic status and dental care behavior data were collected using a questionnaire. The content of our study intervention consisted of nutritional and behavioral oral health-related messages. Mothers received messages via either of four methods (A: comprehensive method including all other methods together (n = 74), B: group discussion by dentists (n = 59), C: face to face education by primary health care providers (n = 53), and D: social network (n = 53). The control group received routine maternal and oral health care. To assess the effectiveness of interventions on promoting children’s oral health, the oral health-related behaviors data, the number of decayed teeth (d), and being caries free at the age of two were considered. Results Among the 436 examined children, with a mean age of 23.7 months, 48.2% were male. The frequency of using finger toothbrush increased from 53.4% to 89.8% in all intervention groups. The mean (SD) of decayed teeth at 24 months in intervention and control group were 0.36 (0.93) and 1.61 (2.61), respectively. All the four intervention groups, except social network, had more chance of being caries free compared to control group (P value < 0.05). Analysis showed that children in comprehensive intervention group had a higher chance of being caries free compared to all other groups, after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions Performing oral health interventions could help the prevention of dental caries in newborn children. Also, using a combination of different methods of sending messages can have the best results in promoting oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Deghatipour
- Department of Community Oral Health, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghorbani
- Department of Community Oral Health, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Mokhlesi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Ghanbari
- Deputy for Health Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Community Oral Health, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdelrahman M, Hsu KL, Melo MA, Dhar V, Tinanoff N. Mapping Evidence on Early Childhood Caries Prevalence: Complexity of Worldwide Data Reporting. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:1-7. [PMID: 34326577 PMCID: PMC8311757 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to identify variances and research gaps in the early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence within countries and the global community by mapping current evidence. Materials and methods We performed a literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify English-language, peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies published from January 1999 to January 2019. Abstracts and full-text articles were dual-screened based on predefined eligibility criteria. We classified outcomes by children's age and countries based on economic status. Ranges of reported caries prevalence and median values by country and age were calculated and evidence-mapped. Results Out of 915 studies, 59 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most significant number of reports were from the USA, Brazil, and India. The ranges of prevalence (1-96%) among the studies were large. The calculated median caries prevalence values may better estimate countries' prevalence than the reported ranges. Early childhood caries prevalence's highest median values were found for South Korea studies (54%) for children <3-year-old and from Bosnia (81%) for children 3-6 years old. No apparent difference was found in the prevalence of ECC from developed and developing countries. Conclusion This mapping review reflects the ranges and median values of ECC worldwide. Overall, the reported prevalence of ECC in most countries is very high. No apparent difference was found in the prevalence of ECC from developed and developing countries. Reported ranges of ECC, as well as heterogeneity and methodological issues, hamper comparisons across studies globally. Clinical significance The global ECC prevalence ranges are extreme. Median data may provide a structure for future epidemiological studies to optimizing healthcare resources for caries interventions globally. How to cite this article Abdelrahaman M, Hsu K-L, Melo MA, et al. Mapping Evidence on Early Childhood Caries Prevalence: Complexity of Worldwide Data Reporting. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):1-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdelrahman
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kuei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vineet Dhar
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Norman Tinanoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Branger B, Camelot F, Droz D, Houbiers B, Marchalot A, Bruel H, Laczny E, Clement C. Breastfeeding and early childhood caries. Review of the literature, recommendations, and prevention. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:497-503. [PMID: 31685411 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Early childhood caries is a chronic disease that affects a child's general state of health. The question of a link between primary tooth caries and breastfeeding has been addressed for many years, with contradictory results. The concomitant decay of primary teeth, effective establishment, or not, of oral hygiene, and alimentary diversification away from breastfeeding are all confounding factors in this topic. The aim of our study was to analyze the links between breastfeeding and the appearance of caries, as described in the scientific literature and in the recommendations of specialist societies. METHODS A review of publications written in English and French was carried out, searching for the terms early childhood caries, decay and breastfeeding, focusing on literature reviews and meta-analyses dating from the past 10 years. The PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (NBCI) was used. Furthermore, a review of specialist dental and pediatric societies was conducted. RESULTS Breastfeeding until the age of 1 year is not associated with an increased risk of dental caries, and may even provide protection compared with feeding with formula milk. By contrast, infants who are breastfed beyond the age of 12 months demonstrate an increased risk of caries. However, the results derive from heterogeneous studies that do not always take into account contradictory factors such as eating habits of the mother or infant (feeding during the night, number of meals per day, eating sweet foods etc.), dental hygiene, or the sociocultural context. Moreover, the most recent recommendations of pediatric and dental societies advise breastfeeding until the age of 2 years, suggesting that this be accompanied by toothbrushing and better nutrition by reducing the frequency and consumption of sugary foods, aimed at helping parents choose prolonged breastfeeding. CONCLUSION Extended breastfeeding is a protective factor for childhood caries under 1 year of age. Beyond 1 year, it is difficult to conclude between protection and aggravation of caries because of the multiplicity of confounding factors such as dietary patterns, which vary depending on countries and families, and problems of oral hygiene. In practical terms, when breastfeeding continues beyond 1 year, consultation with a dentist is necessary for examination and preventive advice regarding dietary practices (especially sugar intake), oral hygiene, or supplementary fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Branger
- Conseil scientifique de la Coordination française de l'allaitement maternel (CoFAM), 11 bis, rue Gabriel-Luneau, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - F Camelot
- Conseil scientifique de la Coordination française de l'allaitement maternel (CoFAM), 11 bis, rue Gabriel-Luneau, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - D Droz
- Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine-Université de Lorraine, 7, avenue de la Forêt de Haye - BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - B Houbiers
- Ancien membre du Conseil scientifique de la Coordination Française pour l'Allaitement Maternel (CoFAM), 17, bis rue du Theil, 61130 Bellême, France
| | - A Marchalot
- Ex- président du Réseau Normand pour l'Allaitement (RENOAL), ex- président de la Coordination Française pour l'Allaitement Maternel (CoFAM)
| | - H Bruel
- Service Pédiatrie néonatale et surveillance continue, CH Le Havre, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - E Laczny
- Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine-Université de Lorraine, Hospitalo-Universitaire en Santé Publique Odontologie, 7, avenue de la Forêt-de-Haye - BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - C Clement
- Département de Santé Publique Odontologie - Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine-Université de Lorraine, 7, avenue de la Forêt-de-Haye - BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Shmueli A, Moskovitz M, Halperson E, Ram D, Fux-Noy A. Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Early Childhood Caries in Israel. Front Public Health 2019; 7:280. [PMID: 31649911 PMCID: PMC6794344 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present review is to describe the current status of early childhood caries (ECC) in Israel in aspects of epidemiology, prevention, and management. Methods: PubMed search was performed using the words caries, children, Israel. Demographic data was collected from the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. Results: The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index was 2.72 in 1992 and 2.56 in 2016. The proportion of restored teeth has increased. A number of preventive programs are ongoing but a general preventive program is lacking at the national level. From 2010, every child in Israel is eligible to receive free dental treatment. Conclusion: The gaps in understanding of the epidemiological profile of ECC in Israel is a call for more research conduct on ECC in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Shmueli
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moti Moskovitz
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elinor Halperson
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Diana Ram
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avia Fux-Noy
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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El Batawi HY, Fakhruddin KS. Impact of preventive care orientation on caries status among preschool children. Eur J Dent 2019; 11:475-479. [PMID: 29279673 PMCID: PMC5727732 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_170_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to study the impact of preventive care orientation given to caregivers of child daycare centers on their knowledge and on the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) among preschool children. Materials and Methods Caregivers of twenty child daycare centers in Emirate of Sharjah were interviewed and 435 children attending these centers were surveyed for decayed missing filled teeth (dmft). The sample data were analyzed using t-tests and one-way ANOVA to assess the statistical significance of the differences in dmft score found between groups. Results No significant correlation was found between dmft scores and family income of urban or rural centers, mothers' level of education, mothers' employment status in public centers, and frequency of dental visits. There was a significant correlation between dmft scores and mothers' employment status in private centers with the lowest scores among children of working mothers. High caries rates were observed in children attending private daycare centers where sweetened milk, juices, and snacks were served more frequently. There was a significant difference between private and public centers in caregivers' level of knowledge regarding oral health in favor of the latter. Low dmft scores were found to be associated with high level of knowledge of caregivers in public centers. Conclusions Children are more likely to develop ECC if their caregivers are lacking knowledge or regular provision of preventive care orientation. This makes caregivers and school teachers better candidates for oral health education programs than parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Yehia El Batawi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Caries prevalence, clinical consequences and self-reported pain experienced by children living in the West Bank. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:333-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-00412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Natapov L, Dekel-Markovich D, Granit-Palmon H, Aflalo E, Zusman SP. Caries risk assessment tool and prevention protocol for public health nurses in mother and child health centers, Israel. Public Health Nurs 2017; 35:64-69. [DOI: 10.1111/phn.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Natapov
- Dental Services Department; Division of Dental Health; Ministry of Health; Jerusalem Israel
| | | | | | - Efrat Aflalo
- Division of Dental Health; Ministry of Health; Jerusalem Israel
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Tham R, Bowatte G, Dharmage SC, Tan DJ, Lau MXZ, Dai X, Allen KJ, Lodge CJ. Breastfeeding and the risk of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2015. [PMID: 26206663 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To synthesise the current evidence for the associations between breastfeeding and dental caries, with respect to specific windows of early childhood caries risk. METHODS Systematic review, meta-analyses and narrative synthesis following searches of PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Sixty-three papers included. Children exposed to longer versus shorter duration of breastfeeding up to age 12 months (more versus less breastfeeding), had a reduced risk of caries (OR 0.50; 95%CI 0.25, 0.99, I(2) 86.8%). Children breastfed >12 months had an increased risk of caries when compared with children breastfed <12 months (seven studies (OR 1.99; 1.35, 2.95, I(2) 69.3%). Amongst children breastfed >12 months, those fed nocturnally or more frequently had a further increased caries risk (five studies, OR 7.14; 3.14, 16.23, I(2) 77.1%). There was a lack of studies on children aged >12 months simultaneously assessing caries risk in breastfed, bottle-fed and children not bottle or breastfed, alongside specific breastfeeding practices, consuming sweet drinks and foods, and oral hygiene practices limiting our ability to tease out the risks attributable to each. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding in infancy may protect against dental caries. Further research needed to understand the increased risk of caries in children breastfed after 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tham
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - G Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - SC Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - DJ Tan
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease; School of Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS Australia
| | - MXZ Lau
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - X Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - KJ Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; UK
| | - CJ Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Vic. Australia
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da Silveira ER, Dos Santos Costa F, Azevedo MS, Romano AR, Cenci MS. Maternal attitudes towards tooth decay in children aged 12-18 months in Pelotas, Brazil. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015; 16:383-9. [PMID: 25851964 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-015-0182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This was to assess mothers' attitudes towards dental caries in children aged 12-18 months. METHODS This study targeted mothers of children aged 12-18 months. Data about demographic and socioeconomic status were collected by interviews with each mother. In addition, the mother was asked about her attitudes regarding caries in her child's primary teeth. A dental examination of each child was also conducted. Chi-square, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 262 mother-child pairs were included, and 18.7 % of the children had dental caries. If a child presented with dental caries in their primary teeth, 93.5 % of the mothers reported that they would take the child to a dentist. Mothers who had only one child and those who had children with dental caries were more likely to report that they did not expect primary dental caries treatment by the dentist. CONCLUSION Most mothers reported that they would take their children to a dentist when they presented with dental caries. Despite this positive result, educational measures should continue to be emphasised, especially among mothers of children at a higher risk of caries and among first-time mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R da Silveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - F Dos Santos Costa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - M S Azevedo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Infant Clinic, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gonçalves Chaves, 457, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - A R Romano
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - M S Cenci
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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El Batawi HY, Panigrahi P, Awad MA. Perceived outcomes and satisfaction of Saudi parents and their children following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia: A 2-year follow-up. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 4:S153-60. [PMID: 25625072 PMCID: PMC4304052 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.149024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the perceived clinical outcome and parents' satisfaction after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia over a follow-up period of 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study of questionnaire data obtained from 352 pediatric patients before and after treatment of early childhood caries with full dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Questionnaires focused on oral symptoms, functional limitations, and emotional and social well-being before and after dental treatment. Cases were followed up for 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS A dramatic disappearance of symptoms was reported from parents' perspective. There was a high satisfaction rate (99.14%) also among parents of the children included in the study. CONCLUSION Children with early childhood caries do not necessarily express it verbally as pain. The disease has a lot of other expressions affecting children's behavior and habits, including the ability to sleep, thrive, and socialize. This study contributes to the existing literature that full dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia [dental general anesthesia (DGA)] has an immediate positive impact on the physical and social quality of life of children suffering from early childhood caries as well as on their families. Postoperative preventive care, early diagnosis, and treatment of recurrent caries are key factors to maintain postoperative outcome of DGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Yehia El Batawi
- Department of General and Dental Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Priyankar Panigrahi
- Department of General and Dental Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Manal A Awad
- Department of General and Dental Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, UAE
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Nunes AMM, da Silva AAM, Alves CMC, Hugo FN, Ribeiro CCC. Factors underlying the polarization of early childhood caries within a high-risk population. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:988. [PMID: 25245978 PMCID: PMC4192400 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) are particularly prevalent in disadvantaged populations, and socioeconomic factors are associated with the polarization of disease. A previous study showed that even within a homogenous low-income population disease is polarized, indicating that other factors apart from income may contribute to disease susceptibility. METHODS This study used a hierarchical approach to identify factors associated with polarization of ECC in low-income subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively using a cohort of 244 children (aged 48-72 months) with family incomes not exceeding double the minimum wage (U.S. $8,208.00/year), living in neighborhoods on the outskirts of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The sample was divided into three groups based on the Significant Caries (SiC) Index: no caries group, few caries group (mean 1.38 lesions), and a high caries group (mean 3.82 lesions). Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed based on a theoretical model. RESULTS Twenty-eight (11.5%) of the 244 children presented with high caries. Age (p = 0.026; prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.20) and frequency of sucrose consumption - p = 0.001; PR 4.65 (95% CI 1.83-11.84) were associated with increased risk of ECC. CONCLUSIONS In the high caries group, greater consumption of sucrose between main meals may explain why, in a group of children with homogenous social and health conditions, some had more caries than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Melo Nunes
- />Federal University of Maranhão, Jupiter Street 12, apartment 1101, Ed. José Gonçalo, Renascença II, São Luis, Ma Brasil
| | - Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
- />Federal University of Maranhão, Jupiter Street 12, apartment 1101, Ed. José Gonçalo, Renascença II, São Luis, Ma Brasil
| | - Claudia Maria Coelho Alves
- />Federal University of Maranhão, Jupiter Street 12, apartment 1101, Ed. José Gonçalo, Renascença II, São Luis, Ma Brasil
| | | | - Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro
- />Federal University of Maranhão, Jupiter Street 12, apartment 1101, Ed. José Gonçalo, Renascença II, São Luis, Ma Brasil
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Olatosi OO, Sote EO. ASSOCIATION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES WITH BREASTFEEDING AND BOTTLE FEEDING IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIAN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2014; 4:31-53. [PMID: 26587516 PMCID: PMC4501180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries constitute one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children which have been found to be related to infant feeding practices. OBJECTIVE to determine the association of early childhood caries with breastfeeding and bottle-feeding practices among children of preschool age. PATIENTS & METHODS Information about oral health, infant feeding and other child and family characteristics were obtained through structured interviewer administered questionnaire from mothers of preschool children. Intra-oral examination of the children was done and dental caries status was recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Statistical analyses of association of early childhood caries with various categorical variables were performed using chi-square. A logistic regression analysis was also performed with factors that were significant. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 302 children in this study, 44% were solely breastfed, 2% were solely bottle-fed while 54% were both breastfed and bottle-fed. Statistical analysis showed that ECC significantly increased with night time bottle feeding (OR=4.5, p=0.001, CI=1.8-11.1), whereas it was significantly lower in children who were breastfed for 3 to 6 months (OR= 0.1, p<0.001, CI=0.03-0.18) as compared to those who were breastfed greater than 12 months duration. CONCLUSION . This study has shown that breastfeeding for the first 3 - 6 months of life is associated with low incidence of dental caries while babies solely bottle-fed and night time bottle feeding are associated with high incidence of childhood dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Olatosi
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E O Sote
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Doğan D, Dülgergil CT, Mutluay AT, Yıldırım I, Hamidi MM, Colak H. Prevalence of caries among preschool-aged children in a central Anatolian population. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:325-9. [PMID: 24082726 PMCID: PMC3783774 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a particularly destructive form of tooth decay that afflicts young children. The etiology and associated factors of ECC should be studied adequately to overcome this health hazard. The aim of this study was to determine caries prevalence and its consequences in toddlers in an Anatolian city, Kırıkkale. Materials and Methods: Examinations were performed in family medicine centers by three calibrated dentists during a period of 6 months. The status of dental caries was recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. We recorded the clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled teeth (DMFT and dmft; upper-case letters refer to permanent and lower-case letters to primary teeth), and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS). Results: Totally 3171 toddlers were included (52% males and 48% females). The mean age was 25.8 ± 10.1 months. The prevalence of ECC in preschool children was 17.3%, while the mean df(t) was 0.63 ± 1.79. ECC increased significantly with age. Dental caries were mostly observed in primary maxillary central teeth. Occlusal and buccal surfaces were the most affected sites. The difference in distribution of caries between maxilla and mandibula was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: When compared to other data obtained from various epidemiologic studies, the toddlers living in Kırıkkale city center had a significant caries level. This observation had clearly suggested that early preventive measures should urgently be put into effect all over the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Doğan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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18
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El Batawi HY. Factors affecting clinical outcome following treatment of early childhood caries under general anaesthesia: a two-year follow-up. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2013; 15:183-9. [PMID: 24030856 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-013-0081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate factors that might affect the clinical outcome of early childhood caries treatment under dental general anaesthesia (DGA). DESIGN Retrospective longitudinal study. The medical records of paediatric patients with early childhood caries who underwent full dental rehabilitation under DGA during 2011 in a private medical facility in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were investigated. Study parameters were the patient's financial arrangements and compliance with suggested recall plan. Statistical analysis of caries recurrence and the need to repeat the rehabilitation process was also performed. RESULTS Eighteen percent failed to attend any post-operative visit. Twenty-six percent did not comply with the post-operative preventive plan. The overall relapse rate was high (58.5%), with the highest percentage (68%) among the non-compliant group. The highest frequency of repeat DGA (10%) was in the non-compliant group. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high rate of post-operative caries recurrence, DGA is still an acceptable treatment option as it minimises the need for future dental treatment. Compliance by caregivers with post-operative care plans is as important as the procedure itself. In Saudi Arabia, targeting the actual caregivers with post-operative dental health education presents challenges that might affect the clinical outcome of DGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y El Batawi
- Paediatric Dentistry, Sharjah University, Sharjah University City, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,
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Colak H, Dülgergil CT, Dalli M, Hamidi MM. Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:29-38. [PMID: 23633832 PMCID: PMC3633299 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.107257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries (decay) is an international public health challenge, especially amongst young children. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in both developing and industrialized countries. ECC can begin early in life, progresses rapidly in those who are at high risk, and often goes untreated. Its consequences can affect the immediate and long-term quality of life of the child's family and can have significant social and economic consequences beyond the immediate family as well. ECC can be a particularly virulent form of caries, beginning soon after dental eruption, developing on smooth surfaces, progressing rapidly, and having a lasting detrimental impact on the dentition. Children experiencing caries as infants or toddlers have a much greater probability of subsequent caries in both the primary and permanent dentitions. The relationship between breastfeeding and ECC is likely to be complex and confounded by many biological variables, such as mutans streptococci, enamel hypoplasia, intake of sugars, as well as social variables, such as parental education and socioeconomic status, which may affect oral health. Unlike other infectious diseases, tooth decay is not self-limiting. Decayed teeth require professional treatment to remove infection and restore tooth function. In this review, we give detailed information about ECC, from its diagnosis to management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Colak
- Kirikkale University Dental Faculty, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Nunes AMM, Alves CMC, Borba de Araújo F, Ortiz TML, Ribeiro MRC, Silva AAMD, Ribeiro CCC. Association between prolonged breast-feeding and early childhood caries: a hierarchical approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40:542-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prakash P, Subramaniam P, Durgesh B, Konde S. Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children of urban Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Dent 2012; 6:141-52. [PMID: 22509116 PMCID: PMC3327493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early childhood caries (ECC) is a devastating form of dental decay with multi-factorial origin. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of ECC in preschool children of urban Bangalore (India). METHODS A random sample of 1,500 children aged between 8 and 48 months were selected from various parts of urban Bangalore. The status of dental caries was recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Information regarding oral hygiene practices, feeding habits, socio-economic status, birth weight, and educational status of the mother was obtained through a structured questionnaire given to mothers of preschool children. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 12. RESULTS The prevalence of ECC in preschool children was 27.5%, while the mean deft was 0.854. ECC increased significantly with age. Children whose mothers had no schooling and those who belonged to low socioeconomic group showed higher caries prevalence. A significant increase in caries prevalence was found in children accustomed to the practice of on-demand breast feeding and bottle feeding at night. Caries also increased significantly when snacks were consumed between meals. However, increased frequency of tooth-brushing, parental supervision, use of a baby toothbrush, and fluoridated dentifrice significantly decreased caries prevalence. CONCLUSION ECC is a serious public health problem in this population and measures to increase awareness should be undertaken. The target candidates for oral health promotion programs should include mothers, general dentists, pediatricians, nurses, primary care health workers, care-takers at day-care centers and gynecologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Prakash
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Hospital Baroda, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Priya Subramaniam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - B.H. Durgesh
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Health Department. Member, Dental Bio-materials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Sapna Konde
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry AECS Maruthi Dental College and Hospital Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
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Singh S, Vijayakumar N, Priyadarshini HR, Shobha M. Prevalence of early childhood caries among 3-5 year old pre-schoolers in schools of Marathahalli, Bangalore. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012; 9:710-4. [PMID: 23559946 PMCID: PMC3612218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries among preschool children is still a major public health problem in many developing countries including India. Hence the aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries among 3-5 year old pre-schoolers in schools of Marathahalli, Bangalore. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 717 pre-schoolers in 6 schools of Marathahalli. Clinical examination was performed and deft index was recorded using Gruebell's criteria. Early Childhood Caries was diagnosed using Early Childhood Caries Diagnostic Criteria, consistent with the NIDCR workshop statement. Data was analysed using SPSS 15.0 and descriptive statistics was applied. Chi-square test was used to find out the significant differences. The level of significance was taken at P value < 0.05. RESULTS Prevalence of early childhood caries was 40% with a mean deft of 1.89 (+3.3) and Significant Caries Index score was 5.51. 44.8% of 3 year old had Early Childhood Caries, 35% of 4 year old children and 41% of 5 year old had Early Childhood Caries. Almost, all of deft was due to untreated caries. CONCLUSION The results of the present study calls for a need to focus on pre-schoolers' oral health and parental education for prevention and early detection of Early Childhood Caries. A high Significant Caries Index in this study population indicates a more targeted approach for high risk pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D J College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shilpi Singh, Department of Public Health Dentistry, D J College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - N. Vijayakumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H. R. Priyadarshini
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Shobha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Siziya S, Muula AS, Rudatsikira E. Self-reported poor oral hygiene among in-school adolescents in Zambia. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:255. [PMID: 21781301 PMCID: PMC3156756 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental health is a neglected aspect of adolescent health globally but more so in low-income countries. Secondary analysis using the 2004 Zambia Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) was conducted in which we estimated frequencies of relevant socio-demographic variables and explored associations between selected explanatory variables and self-reported poor oral hygiene (not cleaning or brushing teeth) within the last 30 days of the completion of questionnaire. Findings Most of the 2257 respondents were males (53.9%) and went hungry (82.5%). More than 4 in 10 respondents drank alcohol (42.2%) while 37.2% smoked cannabis. Overall 10.0% of the respondents reported to have poor oral hygiene. Male respondents were 7% less likely to report to have poor oral hygiene compared to females. Compared to respondents who never drank alcohol, those who drank alcohol were 27% more likely to report to have poor oral hygiene. Respondents who smoked cannabis were 4% more likely to report to have poor oral hygiene compared to those who did not smoke cannabis. Finally, respondents who went hungry were 35% more likely to report to have poor oral hygiene compared to those who did not go hungry. Conclusions Results from this study indicate that female gender, alcohol drinking, cannabis smoking, and going hungry were associated with self-reported poor oral hygiene. The identification of these factors should guide the design and implementation of programs aimed to improve oral health among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seter Siziya
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
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Petti S. Why guidelines for early childhood caries prevention could be ineffective amongst children at high risk. J Dent 2010; 38:946-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lencová E, Pikhart H, Broukal Z, Tsakos G. Relationship between parental locus of control and caries experience in preschool children - cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2008; 8:208. [PMID: 18547444 PMCID: PMC2442069 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to high prevalence and serious impacts, childhood caries represents a public health issue. Behavioural risk factors such as locus of health control have been implicated in the development of the disease; however their association with childhood caries has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to assess the relationship between parental locus of health control and caries experience and untreated caries of their preschool children in a representative sample in Czech Republic, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic characteristics. Methods A representative sample of 285 preschool children and their parents was recruited. Study data included children's dental status recorded in nurseries and parental questionnaires with 13 attitudinal items regarding locus of control (LoC) in caries prevention. The association between parental locus of control and children's caries experience and level of untreated caries was analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for the effect of key sociodemographic variables. Results There was a statistically highly significant linear trend between increased parental LoC and higher probability of the children to be free from untreated caries, independent from the effect of sociodemographic variables of children and parents. A similar highly statistically significant trend, although not entirely linear, and independent from sociodemographic variables was observed with respect to the chance of the children to be free from caries experience with increasing strength of parental LoC. After full adjustment, children in the strongest parental LoC quintile were 2.81 (1.23–6.42, p< 0.05) times more likely to be free from untreated caries in comparison to the weakest parental LoC quintile and 2.32 (1.02–5.25, p< 0.05) times more likely to be free from caries experience in comparison to the weakest parental LoC quintile. Conclusion The findings support the hypothesis that higher internal parental LoC is associated with better control of both untreated caries and caries experience in their preschool children and highlight that a more internal LoC within the family is advantageous in the prevention of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lencová
- Institute of Dental Research - 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, the Czech Republic.
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