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Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Marques A, Peralta M, França C, Lima A, Campos A, Jurema J, Kliegel M, Ihle A. Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults and Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1303. [PMID: 33535582 PMCID: PMC7908119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been considered a factor of vulnerability and a major public health problem because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The present study from Amazonas, Brazil aimed to estimate the prevalence of the individual and general components of metabolic syndrome in adults and older adults and identify the independent predictors of metabolic syndrome. The sample of the present cross-sectional study comprised 942 participants (590 women), with a mean age of 59.8 ± 19.7 (range: 17.5 to 91.8). Blood pressure in men (62.5%), abdominal obesity in women (67.3%), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both (52.2% in men and 65.0% in women) were the most prevalent individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Women had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (p < 0.001), low HDL-C (p < 0.001), and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001) than men; however, opposite results were seen in men for blood pressure (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 47.5%. Advanced age, being female, having a higher body mass index, and a having lower educational level independently increased the odds of metabolic syndrome. Due to the association of metabolic syndrome with deterioration of health status and increased vulnerability, this study sustains the need for early public health interventions in the Amazonas region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Bruna R. Gouveia
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.K.); (A.I.)
- Regional Directorate of Health, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, 9004-515 Funchal, Portugal
- Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, 9050-535 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cíntia França
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Alex Lima
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
- Centro Universitário do Norte, 69020-010 Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.K.); (A.I.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, 1022 Chavannes-près-Renens, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.K.); (A.I.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, 1022 Chavannes-près-Renens, Switzerland
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Castrillon CIM, Beckenkamp PR, Ferreira ML, Michell JA, de Aguiar Mendes VA, Luscombe GM, Stamatakis E, Ferreira PH. Are people in the bush really physically active? A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in rural Australians populations. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010410. [PMID: 32373329 PMCID: PMC7182355 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease and premature mortality. People who live in rural settings are usually regarded as more physically active than those living in urban areas, however, direct comparisons between these populations are scarce. We aimed to summarise the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour in rural settings in Australia, compared to urban counterparts. Methods We searched six databases (AMED, Embase, Medline; CINAHL, SPORTDiscus; and RURAL) and identified 28 observational studies that investigated the levels of physical inactivity and/or sedentary behaviour in adults aged 18 years and over in rural Australia. Random effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled prevalence estimates. Results Physical inactivity was four percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4 to 8) higher in rural populations compared to urban populations. There was a one percentage point (95% CI = -3 to 5) prevalence difference of physical activity in the rural populations. Rural populations reported on average 7.8 hours of sedentary time per day (95% CI = 5 to 10) and the prevalence of high levels of sedentary behaviour (≥to 8 hours per day) was 7% (95% CI = -8 to -7) greater in urban areas compared to rural areas. Conclusions People living in rural areas are just as physically inactive as people who live in urban areas. Our findings challenge the popular views that rural lifestyles result in people engaging more frequently in physical activity. Public health campaigns promoting physical activity in rural settings are just as necessary as in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula R Beckenkamp
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuela L Ferreira
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jose A Michell
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sao Paulo, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,The University of Sydney, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orange, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Georgina M Luscombe
- The University of Sydney, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orange, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paulo Henrique Ferreira
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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Mini GK, Sarma PS, Thankappan KR. Overweight, the major determinant of metabolic syndrome among industrial workers in Kerala, India: Results of a cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:3025-3030. [PMID: 30033228 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among industrial workers in Kerala, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among 2287 industrial workers (mean age 46 years, men 70%) from selected industries of two southern most Kerala districts using standard protocol in 2009. MS was defined according to international diabetes federation (IDF), Adult Treatment Panel (ATP-III) and American Heart Association(AHA)/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) criteria (Harmonization). Age-standardized prevalence of MS was assessed for men and women. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to find the associated factors of MS. RESULTS Age-standardized prevalence of MS was 14% (men 14%, women 15%), 19% (men 19%, women 21%) and 27% (men 30%, women 21%) as per IDF, ATP-III and Harmonization criteria respectively. Overweight adults were nine times (OR 9.41, 95% CI 7.34-12.06), twelve times (OR 11.80 CI 9.38-14.84), and four times (OR 3.56, CI 2.94-4.29) more likely to have MS compared to their counterparts according to IDF, ATP-III and Harmonization criteria respectively. Older adults and current alcohol users were more likely to have MS compared to their counterparts. Women were more likely to have MS as per IDF and ATP-III criteria. CONCLUSIONS MS prevalence was high among Industrial workers who generally have good access to health care. Overweight and other predictors of MS need to be addressed to reduce MS prevalence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Mini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, 695011, India
| | - P S Sarma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, 695011, India
| | - K R Thankappan
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, 695011, India.
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Mitchell BL, Smith AE, Rowlands AV, Parfitt G, Dollman J. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with metabolic syndrome in rural Australian adults. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1232-1237. [PMID: 29801754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Associations between objectively measured sedentary behaviour, physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS)-classified using three different definitions were investigated in an inactive sample of rural Australian adults. DESIGN Quantitative, cross-sectional. METHODS 171 adults (50.7±12.4years) from two rural South Australian regions underwent seven-day accelerometer activity monitoring and MetS classification using the National Cholesterol Education Program, the International Diabetes Federation and the Harmonized definitions. Associations between sedentary and activity variables and MetS (adjusted for age, sex, diet and smoking status) were modelled using logistic regression. In secondary modelling, associations of sedentary and activity outcomes for each MetS definition were assessed, adjusting for other activity and sedentary variables. Prediction differences across the definitions of MetS were directly compared using Akaike's Information Criterion. RESULTS Sedentary behaviour increased MetS risk, whereas light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reduced MetS risk, irrespective of definition. In secondary models, LPA predicted MetS independently of MVPA and total sedentary time. Time spent in sedentary bouts (>30min) predicted MetS independently of MVPA and the number of sedentary bouts predicted MetS independently of LPA and MVPA. Prediction differences for MetS definitions failed to reach the critical threshold for difference (>10). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of sedentary behaviour and LPA on the prevalence of MetS in an inactive sample of rural Australian adults. Studies assessing the efficacy of increasing LPA on MetS in this population are needed. Minimal predictive differences across the three MetS definitions suggest evidence from previous studies can be considered cumulative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden L Mitchell
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh E Smith
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia; Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Gaynor Parfitt
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - James Dollman
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
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Damiri B, Abualsoud MS, Samara AM, Salameh SK. Metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults in Palestinian refugee camps. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:34. [PMID: 29713387 PMCID: PMC5907715 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the main reasons for elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obese and overweight individuals are at high risk of developing these chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize and establish sex-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015, 689 (329 men and 360 women) aged 18-65 years from three refugee camps in the West Bank. International Diabetes Federation and modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel definitions were used to identify MetS. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was high, 63.1%; Obesity (42 and 29.2% in women men; respectively and overweight 25.8 and 28.9% in women and men; respectively. The prevalence of MetS among obese and overweight was significantly higher (69.4%) according to IDF than NCEP definition (52%) (p < 0.002) with no significant differences between men and women using both definitions; (IDF; 71.8% men vs. 67.6% women, and (NCEP/ATP III; 51.9% men vs. 52.2% women). The prevalence of MetS increased significantly with increasing obesity and age when NCEP criterion is applied but not IDF. The prevalence of individual MetS components was: high waist circumference 81.3% according to IDF and 56.5% according to NCEP, elevated FBS 65.3% according to IDF and 56% according to NCEP, elevated blood pressure 48%, decreased HDL 65.8%, and elevated triglycerides 31.7%. Based on gender differences, waist circumferences were significantly higher in women according to both criteria and only elevated FBS was higher in women according to IDF criteria. Physical activity was inversely associated with MetS prevalence according to NCEP but not IDF. No significant associations were found with gender, smoking, TV watching, and family history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION In this study, irrespective of the definition used, metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in obese and overweight Palestinian adults with no gender-based differences. The contribution of the metabolic components to the metabolic syndrome is different in men and women. With the increase of age and obesity, the clustering of metabolic syndrome components increased remarkably. More attention through health care providers should, therefore, be given to the adult population at risk to reduce adulthood obesity and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Damiri
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Drug and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Post Box 7, 0970 Nablus, West Bank Palestine
| | | | - Amjad M. Samara
- Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 0970 Palestine
| | - Sakhaa K. Salameh
- Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 0970 Palestine
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El Bilbeisi AH, Hosseini S, Djafarian K. The Association between Physical Activity and the Metabolic Syndrome among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Ethiop J Health Sci 2017; 27:273-282. [PMID: 29217926 PMCID: PMC5614998 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v27i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a major health problem worldwide. Globally, the World Health Organization identified physical inactivity as the fourth leading risk factor for mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between physical activities and metabolic syndrome and diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1200 previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (from both genders, aged 20 to 64 years) receiving care in the primary health care centers. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS A significant inverse association was found between inactive patients and metabolic syndrome. In our study, 93.7% of inactive patients, 66.4% of active patients and 23.5% of very active patients had metabolic syndrome (OR .048 CI 95% (.03-.072)), (OR .787 CI 95% (.59-1.03)) and (OR 15.9 CI 95% (11.8-21.3)) respectively. Our results showed a significant inverse association between physical activity levels and anthropometric measurements in both gender. Moreover, a significant association was found between physical activity levels and triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure in both sexes (P value < 0.05 for all) and diabetes complications (P value < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION We conclude that low levels of physical activity are associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, inactive patients had a high percentage of diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
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Ranasinghe P, Mathangasinghe Y, Jayawardena R, Hills AP, Misra A. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the asia-pacific region: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:101. [PMID: 28109251 PMCID: PMC5251315 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Asia-Pacific region is home to nearly half of the world’s population. The region has seen a recent rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The present systematic review summarizes the recent prevalence and trends of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among adults in countries of the Asia-Pacific Region. Methods Data on MetS in Asia-Pacific countries were obtained using a stepwise process by searching the online Medline database using MeSH terms ‘Metabolic Syndrome X’ and ‘Epidemiology/EP’. For the purpose of describing prevalence data for the individual countries, studies that were most recent, nationally representative or with the largest sample size were included. When evaluating secular trends in prevalence in a country we only considered studies that evaluated the temporal change in prevalence between similar populations, prospective studies based on the same population or National surveys conducted during different time periods. Results This literature search yielded a total of 757 articles, and five additional article were identified by screening of reference lists. From this total, 18 studies were eligible to be included in the final analysis. Of the 51 Asia-Pacific countries (WHO) we only located data for 15. There was wide between country variation in prevalence of MetS. A national survey from Philippines conducted in 2003 revealed the lowest reported prevalence of 11.9% according to NCEP ATP III criteria. In contrast, the highest recorded prevalence in the region (49.0%) came from a study conducted in urban Pakistan (Karachchi, 2004). Most studies reported a higher prevalence of MetS in females and urban residents. Data on secular trends were available for China, South Korea and Taiwan. An increase in the prevalence of MetS was observed in all three countries. Conclusion Despite differences in methodology, diagnostic criteria and age of subjects studied, the Asia-Pacific region is facing a significant epidemic of MetS. In most countries nearly 1/5th of the adult population or more were affected by MetS with a secular increase in prevalence. Strategies aimed at primary prevention are required to ameliorate a further increase in the epidemic and for the reduction of the morbidity and mortality associated with MetS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4041-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Y Mathangasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - R Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - A Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India
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Buscemi S, Sprini D, Grosso G, Galvano F, Nicolucci A, Lucisano G, Massenti FM, Amodio E, Rini GB. Impact of lifestyle on metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy people. Eat Weight Disord 2014; 19:225-32. [PMID: 24696099 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-014-0117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parallel to the increase in obesity, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is continually increasing, with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular atherosclerosis diseases. Despite the importance of this public health problem, the relative impact of diet and physical activity on MetS prevalence has yet to be established. We investigated the association between lifestyle, in terms of both habitual dietary pattern and physical activity, and MetS in a cohort of adults without known diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Four hundred seventy-seven randomly selected adult participants were cross-sectionally investigated. Each participant answered a food frequency questionnaire and a questionnaire on physical activity, and underwent routine laboratory blood measurements. MetS was identified in 24.7% of the cohort. Dietary patterns were not significantly different (P = 0.31) between the groups (with or without MetS). The habitual physical activity level was significantly lower (P = 0.011) in the group with MetS. In particular, the prevalence of sedentary participants was 58.1% in the group with MetS, and 43.9% in the group without MetS. Multivariate analysis revealed that MetS was associated with age (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.08) and physical activity level (light vs. sedentary: OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.87; moderate/heavy vs. sedentary: OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.75). This study suggests that inadequate physical activity level is associated with MetS. Our results are therefore consonant with the notion of healthier lifestyle changes to counteract the epidemic of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, though adequate interventional trials will be needed in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Università di Palermo, P. Giaccone Policlinico, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy,
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Davis-Lameloise N, Philpot B, Janus ED, Versace VL, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen EA, Dunbar JA. Occupational differences, cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle habits in South Eastern rural Australia. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1090. [PMID: 24266886 PMCID: PMC3866476 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In rural and remote Australia, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rates are higher than metropolitan rates. This study analysed cardiovascular and other chronic disease risk factors and related health behaviours by occupational status, to determine whether agricultural workers have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than other rural workers. Methods Cross-sectional surveys in three rural regions of South Eastern Australia (2004-2006). A stratified random sample of 1001 men and women aged 25-74 from electoral rolls were categorised by occupation into agricultural workers (men = 214, women = 79), technicians (men = 123), managers (men = 148, women = 272) and ‘home duties’ (women = 165). Data were collected from self-administered questionnaire, physical measurements and laboratory tests. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk were assessed by Framingham 5 years risk calculation. Results Amongst men, agricultural workers had higher occupational physical activity levels, healthier more traditional diet, lower alcohol consumption, lower fasting plasma glucose, the lowest proportion of daily smokers and lower age-adjusted 5 year CVD and CHD risk scores. Amongst women, managers were younger with higher HDL cholesterol, lower systolic blood pressure, less hypertension, lower waist circumference, less self-reported diabetes and better 5 year CVD and CHD risk scores. Agricultural workers did not have higher cardiovascular disease risk than other occupational groups. Conclusions Previous studies have suggested that farmers have higher risks of cardiovascular disease but this is because the risk has been compared with non-rural populations. In this study, the comparison has been made with other rural occupations. Cardiovascular risk reduction programs are justified for all. Programs tailored only for agricultural workers are unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James A Dunbar
- Greater Green Triangle University Department of Rural Health, Flinders University and Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia.
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Brumby S, Chandrasekara A, Kremer P, Torres S, McCoombe S, Lewandowski P. The effect of physical activity on psychological distress, cortisol and obesity: results of the Farming Fit intervention program. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1018. [PMID: 24165391 PMCID: PMC3840635 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural and regional Australians have a higher likelihood of mental illness throughout their lifetime than people living in major cities, although the underlying reasons are not yet well defined. Additionally, rural populations experience more lifestyle associated co-morbidities including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Research conducted by the National Centre for Farmer Health between 2004 and 2009 revealed a positive correlation between obesity and psychological distress among the farming community. Chronic stress is known to overstimulate the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol secretion which are associated with abdominal adiposity. Increasing physical activity may normalise cortisol secretion and thereby positively impact both physical and mental health. This paper assesses the effects of increasing physical activity on obesity, health behaviors and mental health in Victorian farming men and women. METHODS Farming Fit was a six month quasi-experimental (convenience sample) longitudinal design control-intervention study. Overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) farm men (n = 43) and women (n = 29) were recruited with demographic, health behaviors, anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemistry data collected at baseline and at a six months. Salivary cortisol and depression anxiety stress scale results were collected at baseline, three and six months. The intervention group (n = 37) received a personalized exercise program and regular phone coaching to promote physical activity. RESULTS The intervention group showed significant reductions in body weight and waist circumference. Results indicated that following the six month exercise program, the intervention group were 2.64 ± 0.65 kg lighter (p < 0.001), had reduced waist circumference by 2.01 ± 0.86 cm (p = 0.02) and BMI by 0.97 ± 0.22 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) relative to the control group. CONCLUSION Increasing physical activity altered measures of obesity in farm men and women but did not affect mental health measures or cortisol secretion levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12610000827033.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Brumby
- National Centre for Farmer Health, Western District Health Service, PO BOX 283 Hamilton, Vic 3300 Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic 3216 Australia
| | - Ananda Chandrasekara
- National Centre for Farmer Health, Western District Health Service, PO BOX 283 Hamilton, Vic 3300 Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic 3216 Australia
| | - Peter Kremer
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia
| | - Susan Torres
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
| | - Scott McCoombe
- National Centre for Farmer Health, Western District Health Service, PO BOX 283 Hamilton, Vic 3300 Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic 3216 Australia
| | - Paul Lewandowski
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic 3216 Australia
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Boulos C, Salameh P, Barberger-Gateau P. The AMEL study, a cross sectional population-based survey on aging and malnutrition in 1200 elderly Lebanese living in rural settings: protocol and sample characteristics. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:573. [PMID: 23758758 PMCID: PMC3701550 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lebanon is faced with a particular challenge because of large socioeconomic inequality and accelerated demographic transition. Rural residents seem more vulnerable because of limited access to transport, health and social services. No information is available regarding health, nutrition and living conditions of this specific population. The purpose of the AMEL (Aging and Malnutrition in Elderly Lebanese) study is to assess the nutritional status of community dwelling elderly people, aged 65 years and above, living in a rural settings in Lebanon, in line of socioeconomic factors, health and living conditions. The present paper will describe the gender specific characteristics of the study population. Methods AMEL is a cross-sectional population based study conducted between April 2011 and April 2012 including 1200 elderly individuals living in the 24 rural Caza (districts) of Lebanon. People aged greater than or equal to 65 y were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling. Subjects were interviewed at their homes by trained interviewers. The questionnaire included the following measures: socio-demographic factors, nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA), health related characteristics, functional ability, cognitive status, mood and social network. Results The sample included 591 men (49.3%) and 609 women (50.8%). Mean age was 75.32 years and similar between genders. Malnutrition (MNA < 17) and risk of malnutrition (MNA between 17 and 23.5) were present in 8.0% (95%CI 4.9%-11.1%) and 29.1% (95%CI 24.0%-34.2%) respectively of the participants, and more frequent in women (9.1% and 35.3% respectively). Regarding socio-demographic status, among women the level of illiteracy and poor income was significantly higher than in men. Moreover, chronic diseases, poor self perceived health, frailty, functional disability, depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment were particularly high and significantly more frequent in women than in men. Conclusion The present study provides unique information about nutritional status, health and living conditions of community dwelling rural residents of Lebanon. These findings may alert policy makers to plan appropriate intervention in order to improve the quality of life and increase successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Boulos
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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12
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Lee DH, Kim YM, Jekal Y, Park S, Kim KC, Naruse M, Kim SH, Kim SH, Park JH, Lee MK, Chu SH, Jeon JY. Low levels of physical activity are associated with increased metabolic syndrome risk factors in korean adults. Diabetes Metab J 2013; 37:132-9. [PMID: 23641354 PMCID: PMC3638224 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of physical activity (PA) are strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic diseases. However, few studies have examined this association in Koreans. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the associations between PA and MetS risks in Korean adults. METHODS A total of 1,016 Korean adults (494 males and 522 females) participated in this study. PA levels were assessed using the International PA Questionnaire. MetS risk factors were determined using clinically established diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Compared with the highest PA group, the group with the lowest level of PA was at greater risk of high triglyceride (TG) in males (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 3.24) and of hemoglobin A1c ≥5.5% in females (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.00 to 3.04) after adjusting for age and body mass index. Compared with subjects who met the PA guidelines, those who did not meet the guidelines were more likely to have low high density lipoprotein cholesterol in both males (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.58), and females (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.77). Furthermore, those who did not meet the PA guidelines were at increased risk of high TG levels in males (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.86) and abnormal fasting glucose (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.20) and MetS (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.84) in females. CONCLUSION Increased levels of PA are significantly associated with a decreased risk of abnormal MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University College of Sciences in Education, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Myung Kim
- University College, Yonsei International Campus, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Jekal
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Jeju National University College of Natural Sciences, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sukyung Park
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University College of Sciences in Education, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong-Chol Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangseo MizMedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Masayo Naruse
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University College of Sciences in Education, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University College of Sciences in Education, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University College of Sciences in Education, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hui Chu
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Justin Y. Jeon
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University College of Sciences in Education, Seoul, Korea
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Schmidt C, Bergström GM. The Metabolic Syndrome Predicts Cardiovascular Events: Results of a 13-Year Follow-Up in Initially Healthy 58-Year-Old Men. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 10:394-9. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schmidt
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institution for Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran M.L Bergström
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institution for Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institution for Neuroscience and Physiology, Department for Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Hageman PA, Pullen CH, Hertzog M, Boeckner LS, Walker SN. Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness with metabolic syndrome in rural women with prehypertension. J Obes 2012; 2012:618728. [PMID: 23227315 PMCID: PMC3512333 DOI: 10.1155/2012/618728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the associations of fitness and fatness with metabolic syndrome in rural women, part of a recognized US health disparities group. METHODS Fitness, percentage body fat, BMI, and metabolic syndrome criteria were assessed at baseline in 289 rural women with prehypertension, ages 40-69, enrolled in a healthy eating and activity community-based clinical trial for reducing blood pressure. RESULTS Ninety (31%) women had metabolic syndrome, of which 70% were obese by BMI (≥30 kg/m²), 100% by percentage body fat (≥30%), and 100% by revised BMI standards (≥25 kg/m²) cited in current literature. Hierarchical logistic regression models, adjusted for age, income, and education, revealed that higher percentage body fat (P < 0.001) was associated with greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Alone, higher fitness lowered the odds of metabolic syndrome by 7% (P < 0.001), but it did not lower the odds significantly beyond the effects of body fat. When dichotomized into "fit" and "unfit" groups, women categorized as "fat" had lower odds of metabolic syndrome if they were "fit" by 75% and 59%, for percentage body fat and revised BMI, respectively. CONCLUSION Among rural women with prehypertension, obesity and fitness were associated with metabolic syndrome. Obesity defined as ≥25 kg/m² produced results more consistent with percentage body fat as compared to the ≥30 kg/m² definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Hageman
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, School of Allied Health Professions, College of Medicine, 984420 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4420, USA.
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Bergström G, Behre C, Schmidt C. Increased Leisure-Time Physical Activity is Associated With Lower Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in 64-Year Old Women With Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Angiology 2011; 63:297-301. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319711414867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of factors that confer an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity as well as mortality. It is established that physical activity (PA) has a protective role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, mainly through favorable effects on traditional risk factors such as body mass and blood pressure. We assessed the prevalence of MetS in a population-based sample of 64-year-old women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with respect to leisure-time PA (LTPA). The results showed an inverse linear association ( P < .05) between LTPA and MetS in this group. In conclusion, this study suggests that an increased PA level has an important role in preventing MetS in women with IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Bergström
- The Wallenberg Laboratory at Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - CarlJohan Behre
- The Wallenberg Laboratory at Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- The Wallenberg Laboratory at Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Behre CJ, Bergström G, Schmidt CB. Increasing leisure time physical activity is associated with less prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in healthy middle-aged men. Angiology 2011; 62:509-12. [PMID: 21441232 DOI: 10.1177/0003319711398863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a constellation of factors that confer an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is well-known that physical activity (PA) has a protective role on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, mainly through its favorable effects on traditional risk factors such as body mass and blood pressure (BP). We assessed the prevalence of MetS in a population-based sample of 58-year-old men with respect to leisure-time PA and also to occupational PA. The results showed an inverse linear association (P < .05) between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and MetS in this group. In conclusion, this study suggests that PA has an important role in controlling MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Johan Behre
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Shuval K, DeVahl J, Tong L, Gimpel N, DeHaven MJ, Lee JJ. Anthropometric measures, presence of metabolic syndrome, and adherence to physical activity guidelines among African American church members, Dallas, Texas, 2008. Prev Chronic Dis 2010; 8:A18. [PMID: 21159230 PMCID: PMC3044029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The low prevalence of physical activity among African Americans and high risk of cardiovascular disease lends urgency to assessing the association between metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and adherence to current physical activity guidelines. Few studies have examined this association among African American adults. METHODS We examined the association between demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and metabolic syndrome and adherence to the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for moderate and vigorous physical activity. Participants were 392 African American church members from congregations in Dallas, Texas. Physical activity levels were assessed via a validated questionnaire (7-Day Physical Activity Recall), and metabolic syndrome was determined on the basis of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute diagnostic criteria. We used bivariate and multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations. RESULTS Meeting guidelines for vigorous physical activity was significantly and independently associated with the absence of metabolic syndrome among women (odds ratio, 4.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.63-13.14; P = .003), after adjusting for covariates. No association was found between meeting moderate or vigorous physical activity guidelines and metabolic syndrome among men. Meeting physical activity guidelines was not associated with body mass index or waist circumference among this sample of predominantly overweight and obese African American church members. CONCLUSION Results indicate that meeting the 2008 guidelines for vigorous physical activity is associated with the absence of metabolic syndrome among African American women. This finding might suggest the need to integrate vigorous physical activity into interventions for African American women as a preventive therapy for cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Shuval
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology
| | - Julie DeVahl
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Liyue Tong
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nora Gimpel
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark J. DeHaven
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Marcellini F, Giuli C, Papa R, Gagliardi C, Malavolta M, Mocchegiani E. BMI, life-style and psychological conditions in a sample of elderly Italian men and women. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:515-22. [PMID: 20818464 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the relationship among cognitive status, psychological conditions, anthropometric measurements and life-style in a sample of elderly Italian men and women. METHODS Three hundred and six volunteers for ZINCAGE Project recruited. The sample was made up of healthy older adults living in the Marche Region aged 65 and over. All elderly were given a complete medical, anthropometric assessment, and psycho-social evaluation. RESULTS Overall, the participants perceived themselves to be in very good or good (22%) or fair (69%) health; only 9% reported a poor health status. The 46% of the sample fell within the normal body mass index (BMI) range, though 38% were overweight, 12% were obese, and only 4% were underweight. In both sexes, BMI significantly decreased with age (p<0.001). BMI was positively associated with performing sedentary activities (r=0.188; p<0.001). Levels of both sedentary (r=0.221; p<0.001) and non-sedentary (r=0.258; p<0.001) leisure activities were positively associated with education level (p<0.05). It was found that lower scores of physical activity were associated to higher scores of Geriatric Depression Scale (r=-0.425; p<0.01), lower scores of Mini Mental State Examination (r=0.266; p<0.001) and higher score of Perceived Stress Scale (r=-0.131; p<0.05). CONCLUSION Men and women lead different lifestyles and have a different psychological status, with advancing age consequently stressing the need for healthy lifestyle programmes particularly in the case of overweight and obese elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marcellini
- INRCA, Scientific-Technological Area, Center of psycho-social aspects of aging, Ancona, Italy.
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