1
|
Chang MY, Brune JE, Black M, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Multicompartmental analysis of the murine pulmonary immune response by spectral flow cytometry. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L518-L535. [PMID: 37581225 PMCID: PMC10639014 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00317.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of pulmonary inflammation require unique considerations due to the complex structure and composition of the lungs. The lungs have multiple compartments and diverse immune cell populations, with inherently high autofluorescence, and are involved in the host response to pulmonary pathogens. We describe a protocol that accounts for these factors through a novel combination of methodologies-in vivo compartmental analysis and spectral flow cytometry with a broad panel of antibodies. In vivo compartmental analysis enables the precise localization of immune cells within the marginated vasculature, lung interstitium, nonlavageable airways, and lavageable airways of the lungs, as well as the pulmonary lymph nodes. Spectral flow cytometry with a broad panel of antibodies supports an unbiased exploratory approach to investigating diverse immune cell populations during pulmonary inflammation. Most importantly, spectral flow uses cellular autofluorescence to aid in the resolution and identification of immune cell populations. This methodology enables the acquisition of high-quality data compatible with informed gating and dimensionality reduction algorithms. In addition, our protocol emphasizes considerations for compartmentalization of the inflammatory response, spectral flow panel design, and autofluorescence spectra analysis. These methodologies are critical for increasing the rigor of pulmonary research. We apply this protocol for the precise characterization and localization of leukocytes in the pulmonary host response to influenza A virus in C57BL/6J mice. In particular, we demonstrate that this protocol improves the quantification and localization of alveolar macrophages within the airways. The methodology is modifiable and expandable to allow for further characterization of leukocyte populations of special interest.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe a novel combination of methodologies that incorporates dual in vivo compartmental analysis using intravascular and intratracheal CD45 labeling, a broad panel of antibodies for identifying lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, and spectral flow cytometry that uses cellular autofluorescence to aid in resolving and identifying immune cell populations. This methodology allows precise localization of immune cells in the lavageable airways, nonlavageable airways, interstitial lung tissue, and marginated in the lung vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y Chang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Michele Black
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Albayrak N, Orte Cano C, Karimi S, Dogahe D, Van Praet A, Godefroid A, Del Marmol V, Grimaldi D, Bondue B, Van Vooren JP, Mascart F, Corbière V. Distinct Expression Patterns of Interleukin-22 Receptor 1 on Blood Hematopoietic Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:769839. [PMID: 35422799 PMCID: PMC9004465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.769839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The new pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by uncontrolled hyper-inflammation in severe cases. As the IL-22/IL-22R1 axis was reported to be involved in inflammation during viral infections, we characterized the expression of IL-22 receptor1, IL-22 and IL-22 binding protein in COVID-19 patients. Blood samples were collected from 19 non-severe and 14 severe patients on the day they presented (D0), at D14, and six months later, and from 6 non-infected controls. The IL-22R1 expression was characterized by flow cytometry. Results were related to HLA-DR expression of myeloid cells, to plasma concentrations of different cytokines and chemokines and NK cells and T lymphocytes functions characterized by their IFN-γ, IL-22, IL-17A, granzyme B and perforin content. The numbers of IL-22R1+ classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes and the proportions of IL-22R1+ plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid DC1 and DC2 (mDC1, mDC2) were higher in patients than controls at D0. The proportions of IL-22R1+ classical and intermediate monocytes, and pDC and mDC2 remained high for six months. High proportions of IL-22R1+ non-classical monocytes and mDC2 displayed HLA-DRhigh expression and were thus activated. Multivariate analysis for all IL-22R1+ myeloid cells discriminated the severity of the disease (AUC=0.9023). However, correlation analysis between IL-22R1+ cell subsets and plasma chemokine concentrations suggested pro-inflammatory effects of some subsets and protective effects of others. The numbers of IL-22R1+ classical monocytes and pDC were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 in severe infections, whereas IL-22R1+ intermediate monocytes were negatively correlated with IL-6, IFN-α and CRP in non-severe infections. Moreover, in the absence of in vitro stimulation, NK and CD4+ T cells produced IFN-γ and IL-22, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced IL-17A. CD4+ T lymphocytes also expressed IL-22R1, the density of its expression defining two different functional subsets. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by an abnormal expression of IL22R1 on blood myeloid cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Our results suggest that the involvement of the IL-22R1/IL-22 axis could be protective at the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 infection but could shift to a detrimental response over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Albayrak
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carmen Orte Cano
- Department of Dermatology, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sina Karimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Dogahe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Van Praet
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Godefroid
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Grimaldi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Bondue
- Department of Pneumology, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Van Vooren
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Immunodeficiency Unit, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tschernig T, Pabst R. Macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 is effective in mycobacterial lung infection. Ann Anat 2021; 233:151605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Leuer L, Krill A, Wilkens H, Wagenpfeil G, Bischoff M, Meier C, Bals R, Tschernig T. The Phagocytosis of Blood Leukocytes from Cystic Fibrosis Patients is not Impaired in General. Lung 2019; 198:235-239. [PMID: 31707460 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impaired phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in isolated monocytes of peripheral blood of cystic fibrosis patients, but not in their neutrophils, as reported some years ago. In the present study, we analysed the phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes of cystic fibrosis patients and of healthy controls. Phagocytosis was determined using a commercial phagocytosis "in whole blood" assay on the basis of fluorescence-labelled opsonized Escherichia coli bacteria and flow cytometry. Venous blood of cystic fibrosis patients and of healthy controls was collected and the phagocytosis assay was performed. No differences in the percentage of phagocytic cells or in the overall phagocytic capacity were found between samples of cystic fibrosis patients and healthy controls either in monocytes or in neutrophils. Thus, our results did not support the hypothesis of a generally reduced phagocytic ability in the peripheral blood immune cells of cystic fibrosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leuer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 61, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Angelika Krill
- Clinic for Pulmonology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heinrike Wilkens
- Clinic for Pulmonology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 61, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Clinic for Pulmonology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 61, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robinson KM, Ramanan K, Tobin JM, Nickolich KL, Pilewski MJ, Kallewaard NL, Sellman BR, Cohen TS, Alcorn JF. Survival during influenza-associated bacterial superinfection improves following viral- and bacterial-specific monoclonal antibody treatment. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125554. [PMID: 31341107 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Postinfluenza bacterial superinfections cause increased morbidity and mortality compared with singular infection with influenza during both pandemics and seasonal epidemics. Vaccines and current treatments provide limited benefit, a rationale to conduct studies utilizing alternative therapies. FY1 and an optimized version, MEDI8852, anti-influenza HA mAbs, have been shown to neutralize influenza virus during singular influenza infection. MEDI4893*, an anti-Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin mAb, has been shown to improve survival when administered prophylactically prior to S. aureus pneumonia. Our objective was to determine if mAbs can improve survival during postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia. We administered FY1 in a murine model of postinfluenza methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pneumonia and observed improved survival rates when given early during the course of influenza infection. Our findings indicate decreased lung injury and increased uptake and binding of bacteria by macrophages in the mice that received FY1 earlier in the course of influenza infection, corresponding to decreased bacterial burden. We also observed improved survival when mice were treated with a combination of FY1 and MEDI4893* late during the course of postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia. In conclusion, both FY1 and MEDI4893* prolong survival when used in a murine model of postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia, suggesting pathogen-specific mAbs as a possible therapeutic in the context of bacterial superinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keven M Robinson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Krishnaveni Ramanan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua M Tobin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara L Nickolich
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew J Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Bret R Sellman
- Department of Microbial Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Taylor S Cohen
- Department of Microbial Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Exposure of trophoblast cells to fine particulate matter air pollution leads to growth inhibition, inflammation and ER stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218799. [PMID: 31318865 PMCID: PMC6638881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is considered a major environmental health threat to pregnant women. Our previous work has shown an association between exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) and an increased risk of developing pre-eclamspia. It is now recognized that many pregnancy complications are due to underlying placental dysfunction, and this tissue plays a pivotal role in pre-eclamspia. Recent studies have shown that PM can enter the circulation and reach the human placenta but the effects of PM on human placental function are still largely unknown. In this work we investigated the effects of airborne PM on trophoblast cells. Human, first trimester trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SV) were exposed to urban pollution particles (Malmö PM2.5; Prague PM10) for up to seven days in vitro and were analysed for uptake, levels of hCGβ and IL-6 secretion and proteomic analysis. HTR-8/SVneo cells rapidly endocytose PM within 30 min of exposure and particles accumulate in the cell in perinuclear vesicles. High doses of Prague and Malmö PM (500-5000 ng/ml) significantly decreased hCGβ secretion and increased IL-6 secretion after 48 h exposure. Exposure to PM (50 ng/ml) for 48h or seven days led to reduced cellular growth and altered protein expression. The differentially expressed proteins are involved in networks that regulate cellular processes such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular survival and molecular transport pathways. Our studies suggest that trophoblast cells exposed to low levels of urban PM respond with reduced growth, oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress after taking up the particles by endocytosis. Many of the dysfunctional cellular processes ascribed to the differentially expressed proteins in this study, are similar to those described in PE, suggesting that low levels of urban PM may disrupt cellular processes in trophoblast cells. Many of the differentially expressed proteins identified in this study are involved in inflammation and may be potential biomarkers for PE.
Collapse
|
7
|
He W, Zhang W, Cheng C, Li J, Wu X, Li M, Chen Z, Wang W. The distributive and structural characteristics of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in Bactrian camels ( Camelus bactrianus). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6571. [PMID: 30881767 PMCID: PMC6417404 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), distributed in the bronchial mucosa, plays a critical role in maintaining the mucosal immune homeostasis of the lower respiratory tract. The bronchial tree is a functional structure for gas exchange with the outside environment and maintains basic lung morphology. METHODS To explore the structural and distributive characteristics of BALT in Bactrian camels, twelve healthy adult Bactrian camels were divided into two groups (six in each group). The lungs, bronchial tree and BALT were observed and analysed systematically through anatomical and histological methods. RESULTS The results showed that Bactrian camel lungs were constituted by the left cranial lobe, left caudal lobe, right cranial lobe, right caudal lobe and accessory lobe, but lacked the middle lobe. The cranial lobe was narrow and small, the caudal lobe was extremely developed (almost four times the cranial lobe in size), and the accessory lobe was smaller than the cranial lobe; the bronchial tree, an unequal dichotomy with a tracheobronchial branch, was composed of dorsal, ventral, lateral and medial bronchiole systems. Isolated lymphoid follicles (the chief type) and aggregates of lymphoid follicles revealed two types of BALT, and germinal centres, follicle-associated epithelium and high endothelial venules could be observed in some well-developed BALT. Additionally, BALT was scattered along the bronchial tree in the entire lung, and the density increased from the trachea to the lower graded branches (densest in the bronchioles) and then decreased, with the occasional location around respiratory bronchioles or among the pulmonary mesenchyme. In the conducting portion, BALT was primarily located in the mucosa lamina propria but was also found in the submucosa, under the muscular layer, and around the submucosal glands and cartilage. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the lung morphology of Bactrian camels was similar to that of horses, but the bronchial branches were more closely related to those of ruminants. These characteristics were in accordance with the morphological and structural variation regularity of lungs with species evolution. BALT was mainly scattered in the conducting portion, and bronchioles, as the final "checkpoint" in the surveillance, capture and recognition of antigens before pulmonary exchange, were the pivotal locational position of BALT. However, BALT at different depths of the bronchial wall of the conducting portion might be at different developmental stages. Our study provided evidence for further insight into the mucosal immunomodulatory mechanism of BALT in the respiratory system of Bactrian camels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cuicui Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lung Interstitial Macrophages: Past, Present, and Future. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5160794. [PMID: 29854841 PMCID: PMC5952507 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5160794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, investigations about the lung myeloid compartment have been mainly limited to the macrophages located within the airways, that is, the well-known alveolar macrophages specialized in recycling of surfactant molecules and removal of debris. However, a growing number of reports have highlighted the complexity of the lung myeloid compartment, which also encompass different subsets of dendritic cells, tissue monocytes, and nonalveolar macrophages, called interstitial macrophages (IM). Recent evidence supports that, in mice, IM perform important immune functions, including the maintenance of lung homeostasis and prevention of immune-mediated allergic airway inflammation. In this article, we describe lung IM from a historical perspective and we review current knowledge on their characteristics, ontogeny, and functions, mostly in rodents. Finally, we emphasize some important future challenges for the field.
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh RK, Perks WV, Twohig JP, Kidd EJ, Broadley K, Farrow SN, Williams AS, Taylor PR, Wang ECY. Death Receptor 3 regulates distinct pathological attributes of acute versus chronic murine allergic lung inflammation. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:62-70. [PMID: 28942944 PMCID: PMC5736020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Death Receptor 3 (DR3)/Tumour Necrosis Factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) axis stimulates effector T cells and type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2) that trigger cytokine release and drive disease pathology in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including murine models of acute allergic lung inflammation (ALI). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of DR3 in chronic ALI compared to acute ALI, using mice genetically deficient in the DR3 gene (DR3ko). Results showed DR3 expression in the lungs of wild-type mice was up-regulated following induction of acute ALI and this increased expression was maintained in chronic disease. DR3ko mice were resistant to cellular accumulation within the alveolar passages in acute, but not chronic ALI. However, DR3ko mice displayed reduced immuno-histopathology and goblet cell hyperplasia; hallmarks of the asthmatic phenotype; in chronic, but not acute ALI. These data suggest DR3 is a potential therapeutic target, involved in temporally distinct aspects of ALI progression and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaur Singh
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - William Victor Perks
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jason Peter Twohig
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Emma J Kidd
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Kenneth Broadley
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Stuart N Farrow
- CRT discoveries laboratories, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anwen Sian Williams
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip Russel Taylor
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Eddie Chung Yern Wang
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lai R, Afkhami S, Haddadi S, Jeyanathan M, Xing Z. Mucosal immunity and novel tuberculosis vaccine strategies: route of immunisation-determined T-cell homing to restricted lung mucosal compartments. Eur Respir Rev 2016; 24:356-60. [PMID: 26028646 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.00002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for almost a century, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global health concern. Therefore, there has been a pressing need for the development of new booster vaccines to enhance existing BCG-induced immunity. Protection following mucosal intranasal immunisation with AdHu5Ag85A is associated with the localisation of antigen-specific T-cells to the lung airway. However, parenteral intramuscular immunisation is unable to provide protection despite the apparent presence of antigen-specific T-cells in the lung interstitium. Recent advances in intravascular staining have allowed us to reassess the previously established T-cell distribution profile and its relationship with the observed differential protection. Respiratory mucosal immunisation empowers T-cells to home to both the lung interstitium and the airway lumen, whereas intramuscular immunisation-activated T-cells are largely trapped within the pulmonary vasculature, unable to populate the lung interstitium and airway. Given the mounting evidence supporting the safety and enhanced efficacy of respiratory mucosal immunisation over the traditional parenteral immunisation route, a greater effort should be made to clinically develop respiratory mucosal-deliverable TB vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Lai
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Siamak Haddadi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cagnoni EF, Ferreira DS, Ferraz da Silva LF, Nicoletti Carvalho Petry AL, Gomes dos Santos AB, Rodrigues Medeiros MC, Dolhnikoff M, Rabe KF, Mauad T. Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and large airway cell trafficking in patients with fatal asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1352-7.e1-9. [PMID: 25262462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune responses in asthmatic patients involve coordinated cellular responses in the airways and lymph nodes (LNs). However, no studies have described the composition of different cell populations in the bronchopulmonary LNs of asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the expression of dendritic cells (DCs) and costimulatory molecules, B cells, T cells, TH2-related cytokines, eosinophils, and vascular cell adhesion molecule in the bronchopulmonary LNs and large airways of asthmatic patients. METHODS Using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and image analysis, we investigated the expression of Factor XIIIa(+), CD1a(+), CD83(+), and CD207(+) DCs; CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; CD20(+) B cells; CD23(+) (FcεRII) cells; IL-4; IL-5; eosinophils, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in the large airways and bronchopulmonary LNs of 11 nonsmokers who died from an asthma exacerbation (fatal asthma [FA]) in comparison with 8 nonasthmatic control subjects. In selected cases of FA, we analyzed the coexpression of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD80 in lung and LN eosinophils. RESULTS The LNs of asthmatic patients exhibited increased density of eosinophils. No other cells were expressed differently in the LNs of patients with FA. The large airways of patients with FA had increased expression of eosinophils in all layers and increased expression of Factor XIIIa(+) cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD20(+) B cells, and CD23(+) cells in the outer layer. There was colocalization of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD80 in the eosinophils at both sites. CONCLUSIONS FA is associated with the increased presence of eosinophils in the LNs and large airways, which express HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules. The expression of Factor XIIIa(+) monocyte-derived DCs, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD20(+) B cells, and CD23(+) cells was increased in the large airways without a corresponding increase in the expression of these cells in the bronchopulmonary LNs. These findings support the concept that eosinophils might act as antigen-presenting cells in patients with FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Petursdottir DH, Chuquimia OD, Freidl R, Fernández C. Macrophage control of phagocytosed mycobacteria is increased by factors secreted by alveolar epithelial cells through nitric oxide independent mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103411. [PMID: 25089618 PMCID: PMC4121081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are heterogeneous with tissue-specific and niche-specific functions. Thus, simplified models of macrophage activation do not explain the extent of heterogeneity seen in vivo. We focus here on the respiratory tract and ask whether factors secreted by alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) can influence the functionality of resident pulmonary macrophages (PuM). We have previously reported that factors secreted by AEC increase control of intracellular growth of BCG in macrophages. In the current study, we also aimed to investigate possible mechanisms by which AEC-derived factors increase intracellular control of BCG in both primary murine interstitial macrophages, and bone marrow-derived macrophages and characterize further the effect of these factors on macrophage differentiation. We show that; a) in contrast to other macrophage types, IFN-γ did not increase intracellular growth control of Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) by interstitial pulmonary macrophages although the same macrophages could be activated by factors secreted by AEC; b) the lack of response of pulmonary macrophages to IFN-γ was apparently regulated by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1; c) AEC-derived factors did not induce pro-inflammatory pathways induced by IFN-γ e.g. expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), secretion of nitric oxide (NO), or IL-12, d) in contrast to IFN-γ, intracellular bacterial destruction induced by AEC-derived factors was not dependent on iNOS transcription and NO production. Collectively, our data show that PuM were restricted in inflammatory responses mediated by IFN-γ through SOCS1 and that factors secreted by AEC- enhanced the microbicidal capacities of macrophages by iNOS independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagbjort H. Petursdottir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Olga D. Chuquimia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raphaela Freidl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Richert LE, Harmsen AL, Rynda-Apple A, Wiley JA, Servid AE, Douglas T, Harmsen AG. Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) synergizes with local lymph nodes during antiviral CD4+ T cell responses. Lymphat Res Biol 2014; 11:196-202. [PMID: 24364842 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of the lungs to an antigen or pathogen elicits the formation of lymphoid satellite islands termed inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT). However, little is known about how the presence of iBALT, induced by a stimulus unrelated to the subsequent challenge agent, influences systemic immunity in distal locations, whether it be independently, antagonistically, or synergistically. Here, we determined the kinetics of the influenza-specific responses in the iBALT, tracheobronchial lymph node (TBLN), and spleen of mice with and without pre-formed iBALT. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with VLP-induced iBALT or no pre-formed iBALT were challenged with influenza. We found that, as we have previously described, those mice whose lungs contained pre-formed iBALT were protected from morbidity, and furthermore, that these mice had increased dendritic cell, and alveolar macrophage accumulation in both the iBALT and TBLNs. This translated to similarly accelerated kinetics and intensified influenza-specific CD4(+), but not CD8(+) T cell responses in the iBALT, TBLN, and spleen. This expansion was then followed by a more rapid T cell contraction in all lymphoid tissues in the mice with pre-formed iBALT. CONCLUSIONS Thus, iBALT itself may not be responsible for the accelerated primary immune response we observe in mice with pre-formed iBALT, but may contribute to an overall accelerated local and systemic primary CD4(+), but not CD8(+) T cell response. Furthermore, less damaging immune responses observed in mice with pre-formed iBALT may be due to a quicker contraction of CD4(+) T cell responses in both local and systemic secondary lymphoid tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Richert
- 1 Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Postnatal Development of Lung T Lymphocytes in a Porcine Model. Lung 2014; 192:793-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
15
|
Liu FDM, Kenngott EE, Schröter MF, Kühl A, Jennrich S, Watzlawick R, Hoffmann U, Wolff T, Norley S, Scheffold A, Stumhofer JS, Saris CJM, Schwab JM, Hunter CA, Debes GF, Hamann A. Timed action of IL-27 protects from immunopathology while preserving defense in influenza. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004110. [PMID: 24809349 PMCID: PMC4014457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with influenza virus can result in massive pulmonary infiltration and potentially fatal immunopathology. Understanding the endogenous mechanisms that control immunopathology could provide a key to novel adjunct therapies for this disease. Here we show that the cytokine IL-27 plays a crucial role in protection from exaggerated inflammation during influenza virus infection. Using Il-27ra−/− mice, IL-27 was found to limit immunopathology, neutrophil accumulation, and dampened TH1 or TH17 responses via IL-10–dependent and -independent pathways. Accordingly, the absence of IL-27 signals resulted in a more severe disease course and in diminished survival without impacting viral loads. Consistent with the delayed expression of endogenous Il-27p28 during influenza, systemic treatment with recombinant IL-27 starting at the peak of virus load resulted in a major amelioration of lung pathology, strongly reduced leukocyte infiltration and improved survival without affecting viral clearance. In contrast, early application of IL-27 impaired virus clearance and worsened disease. These findings demonstrate the importance of IL-27 for the physiological control of immunopathology and the potential value of well-timed IL-27 application to treat life-threatening inflammation during lung infection. Annual epidemics of influenza result in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and approximately 300,000 deaths around the world. Although most patients infected with normal circulating influenza A viruses recover from the illness, complications arise during infections with highly pathogenic strains of the virus, resulting in increased mortality associated with severe immunopathology and acute respiratory distress. Previous studies suggested a major contribution of the vigorous immune response to lung damage. How the immune system constrains the negative impact of inflammation might therefore be of significant importance for future therapies. Our study in a mouse model of influenza shows that the cytokine IL-27 plays a crucial role in survival by protecting against lung damage. Its actions include regulation of innate (neutrophil influx) and adaptive (inflammatory cytokine production of T cells) arms of immunity during the acute respiratory infection. The data also suggest a therapeutic potential of IL-27, as mice treated with recombinant cytokine at later stages of infection exhibited decreased immunopathology and showed improved survival. The findings uncover an important role of IL-27 in limiting the collateral damages of anti-viral immunity and provide initial evidence that these mechanisms might be exploited for the management of severe immunopathology after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diane M. Liu
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth E. Kenngott
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Micha F. Schröter
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Kühl
- Research Center ImmunoSciences (RCIS), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Jennrich
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ralf Watzlawick
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hoffmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Scheffold
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason S. Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Christiaan J. M. Saris
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Jan M. Schwab
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gudrun F. Debes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alf Hamann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ji WJ, Ma YQ, Zhou X, Zhang YD, Lu RY, Sun HY, Guo ZZ, Zhang Z, Li YM, Wei LQ. Temporal and spatial characterization of mononuclear phagocytes in circulating, lung alveolar and interstitial compartments in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury. J Immunol Methods 2013; 403:7-16. [PMID: 24280595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system, including circulating monocytes and tissue resident macrophages, plays an important role in acute lung injury and fibrosis. The detailed dynamic changes of mononuclear phagocytes in the circulating, lung alveolar and interstitial compartments in bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury model have not been fully characterized. The present study was designed to address this issue and analyzed their relationships with pulmonary pathological evolution after bleomycin challenge. A total of 100 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided to receive bleomycin (2.5mg/kg, n=50) or normal saline (n=50) via oropharyngeal approach, and were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21. Circulating monocyte subsets, polarization state of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)-derived alveolar macrophages (AMφ) and lung interstitial macrophages (IMφ, derived from enzymatically digested lung tissue) were analyzed by flow cytometry. There was a rapid expansion of circulating Ly6C(hi) monocytes which peaked on day 3, and its magnitude was positively associated with pulmonary inflammatory response. Moreover, an expansion of M2-like AMφ (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) peaked on day 14, and was positively correlated with the magnitude of lung fibrosis. The polarization state of IMφ remained relatively stable in the early- and mid-stage after bleomycin challenge, expect for an increase of M2-like (F4/80+CD11c-CD206+) IMφ on day 21. These results support the notion that there is a Ly6C(hi)-monocyte-directed pulmonary AMφ alternative activation. Our result provides a dynamic view of mononuclear phagocyte change in three compartments after bleomycin challenge, which is relevant for designing new treatment strategies targeting mononuclear phagocytes in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Rui-Yi Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Zhao-Zeng Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N. Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Lu-Qing Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220, Cheng-Lin Road, Tianjin 300162, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ji WJ, Ma YQ, Zhou X, Zhang YD, Lu RY, Guo ZZ, Sun HY, Hu DC, Yang GH, Li YM, Wei LQ. Spironolactone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury partially via modulating mononuclear phagocyte phenotype switching in circulating and alveolar compartments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81090. [PMID: 24260540 PMCID: PMC3834272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent experimental studies provide evidence indicating that manipulation of the mononuclear phagocyte phenotype could be a feasible approach to alter the severity and persistence of pulmonary injury and fibrosis. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has been reported as a target to regulate macrophage polarization. The present work was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of MR antagonism in bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and fibrosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We first demonstrated the expression of MR in magnetic bead-purified Ly6G-/CD11b+ circulating monocytes and in alveolar macrophages harvested in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from C57BL/6 mice. Then, a pharmacological intervention study using spironolactone (20mg/kg/day by oral gavage) revealed that MR antagonism led to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine production (downregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor β1, and interleukin-1β at mRNA and protein levels) and collagen deposition (decreased lung total hydroxyproline content and collagen positive area by Masson’ trichrome staining) in bleomycin treated (2.5mg/kg, via oropharyngeal instillation) male C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, serial flow cytometry analysis in blood, BALF and enzymatically digested lung tissue, revealed that spironolactone could partially inhibit bleomycin-induced circulating Ly6Chi monocyte expansion, and reduce alternative activation (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) of mononuclear phagocyte in alveoli, whereas the phenotype of interstitial macrophage (F4/80+CD11c-) remained unaffected by spironolactone during investigation. Conclusions/Significance The present work provides the experimental evidence that spironolactone could attenuate bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis, partially via inhibition of MR-mediated circulating monocyte and alveolar macrophage phenotype switching.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced
- Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy
- Acute Lung Injury/metabolism
- Acute Lung Injury/pathology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Bleomycin
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
- Spironolactone/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WJJ) ; (LQW)
| | - Yong-Qiang Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Yi Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Zeng Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Dao-Chuan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Hong Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Qing Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WJJ) ; (LQW)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilk E, Schughart K. The Mouse as Model System to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions in Influenza A Infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:177-205. [PMID: 26069011 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mouse is one of the most important mammalian model systems for studying host-pathogen-interactions during influenza A virus infections and for assessing the virulence of newly emerging influenza viruses. Here, we provide the basic protocols for infecting mice with influenza virus and studying the main pathological changes associated with disease. Critical parameters, e.g., virus variants and subtypes or mouse strains, are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:177-205 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wilk
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Richert LE, Servid AE, Harmsen AL, Rynda-Apple A, Han S, Wiley JA, Douglas T, Harmsen AG. A virus-like particle vaccine platform elicits heightened and hastened local lung mucosal antibody production after a single dose. Vaccine 2012; 30:3653-65. [PMID: 22465748 PMCID: PMC3579574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), can be chemically conjugated to the exterior of a small heat shock protein (sHsp) cage that has structural similarities to virus-like particles (VLPs). OVA–sHsp conjugation efficiency was dependent upon the stoichiometry and the length of the small molecule linker utilized, and the attachment position on the sHsp cage. When conjugated OVA–sHsp was delivered intranasally to naïve mice, the resulting immune response to OVA was accelerated and intensified, and OVA-specific IgG1 responses were apparent within 5 days after a single immunizing dose, illustrating its utility for vaccine development. If animals were pretreated with a disparate VLP, P22 (a non-replicative bacteriophage capsid), before OVA–sHsp conjugate immunization, OVA-specific IgG1 responses were apparent already by 4 days after a single immunizing dose of conjugate in OVA-naïve mice. Additionally, the mice pretreated with P22 produced high titer mucosal IgA, and isotype-switched OVA-specific serum IgG. Similarly, sHsp pretreatment enhanced the accumulation of lung germinal center B cells, T follicular helper cells, and increased polymeric Ig receptor expression, priming the lungs for subsequent IgG and IgA responses to influenza virus challenge. Thus, sHsp nanoparticles elicited quick and intense antibody responses and these accelerated responses could similarly be induced to antigen chemically conjugated to the sHsp. Pretreatment of mice with P22 further accelerated the onset of the antibody response to OVA–sHsp, demonstrating the utility of conjugating antigens to VLPs for pre-, or possibly post-exposure prophylaxis of lung, all without the need for adjuvant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Richert
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meeusen EN. Exploiting mucosal surfaces for the development of mucosal vaccines. Vaccine 2011; 29:8506-11. [PMID: 21945494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity covers a variety of mucosal surfaces susceptible to different pathogens. This review highlights the diversity of mucosal tissues and the unique microenvironments in which an immune response is generated. It argues that tissue-specific factors present throughout mucosal tissues and lymph nodes determine the differentiation into IgA-producing B cells, which in turn determines their migration patterns. Mucosal immunity can therefore be induced when antigen is delivered at any mucosal tissue without the need for specific 'mucosal adjuvants' or targeting to specialised lymphoid structures. Non-oral vaccination strategies directed at alternative and more accessible mucosal tissue sites, may provide new avenues for both mucosal and systemic immunization, and will be greatly facilitated by the use of large animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els N Meeusen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Drolet JP, Frangie H, Guay J, Hajoui O, Hamid Q, Mazer BD. B lymphocytes in inflammatory airway diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:841-9. [PMID: 20557549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are key players in all facets of adaptive immune responses and are responsible for the production of IgE antibodies, initiators of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Recent evidence indicates that B cells may be a crucial player in allergic and inflammatory airway pathology, directly populating upper and lower airway tissues. This review examines human and animal studies that directly demonstrated the presence of B lymphocytes in airway tissues and elaborates on their function as antibody-secreting cells, antigen-presenting cells and producers of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. B lymphocytes appear to contribute to multiple facets of immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-P Drolet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity and Toll-like receptors in the lung. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 343:97-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
23
|
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and survival in a vaccine mouse model of tularemia. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11156. [PMID: 20585390 PMCID: PMC2886834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Francisella tularensis causes severe pulmonary disease, and nasal vaccination could be the ideal measure to effectively prevent it. Nevertheless, the efficacy of this type of vaccine is influenced by the lack of an effective mucosal adjuvant. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice were immunized via the nasal route with lipopolysaccharide isolated from F. tularensis and neisserial recombinant PorB as an adjuvant candidate. Then, mice were challenged via the same route with the F. tularensis attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS). Mouse survival and analysis of a number of immune parameters were conducted following intranasal challenge. Vaccination induced a systemic antibody response and 70% of mice were protected from challenge as showed by their improved survival and weight regain. Lungs from mice recovering from infection presented prominent lymphoid aggregates in peribronchial and perivascular areas, consistent with the location of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). BALT areas contained proliferating B and T cells, germinal centers, T cell infiltrates, dendritic cells (DCs). We also observed local production of antibody generating cells and homeostatic chemokines in BALT areas. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PorB might be an optimal adjuvant candidate for improving the protective effect of F. tularensis antigens. The presence of BALT induced after intranasal challenge in vaccinated mice might play a role in regulation of local immunity and long-term protection, but more work is needed to elucidate mechanisms that lead to its formation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Harp JR, Onami TM. Naïve T cells re-distribute to the lungs of selectin ligand deficient mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10973. [PMID: 20532047 PMCID: PMC2881108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selectin mediated tethering represents one of the earliest steps in T cell extravasation into lymph nodes via high endothelial venules and is dependent on the biosynthesis of sialyl Lewis X (sLex) ligands by several glycosyltransferases, including two fucosyltransferases, fucosyltransferase-IV and –VII. Selectin mediated binding also plays a key role in T cell entry to inflamed organs. Methodology/Principal Findings To understand how loss of selectin ligands (sLex) influences T cell migration to the lung, we examined fucosyltransferase-IV and –VII double knockout (FtDKO) mice. We discovered that FtDKO mice showed significant increases (∼5-fold) in numbers of naïve T cells in non-inflamed lung parenchyma with no evidence of induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. In contrast, activated T cells were reduced in inflamed lungs of FtDKO mice following viral infection, consistent with the established role of selectin mediated T cell extravasation into inflamed lung. Adoptive transfer of T cells into FtDKO mice revealed impaired T cell entry to lymph nodes, but selective accumulation in non-lymphoid organs. Moreover, inhibition of T cell entry to the lymph nodes by blockade of L-selectin, or treatment of T cells with pertussis toxin to inhibit chemokine dependent G-coupled receptor signaling, also resulted in increased T cells in non-lymphoid organs. Conversely, inhibition of T cell egress from lymph nodes using FTY720 agonism of S1P1 impaired T cell migration into non-lymphoid organs. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our results suggest that impaired T cell entry into lymph nodes via high endothelial venules due to genetic deficiency of selectin ligands results in the selective re-distribution and accumulation of T cells in non-lymphoid organs, and correlates with their increased frequency in the blood. Re-distribution of T cells into organs could potentially play a role in the initiation of T cell mediated organ diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Harp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thandi M. Onami
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|