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Stassen G, Baulig L, Müller O, Schaller A. Attention to Progression Principles and Variables of Exercise Prescription in Workplace-Related Resistance Training Interventions: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. Front Public Health 2022; 10:832523. [PMID: 35400069 PMCID: PMC8990091 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.832523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe workplace is an important setting for adult health promotion including exercise training such as resistance training (RT). Since the reporting of exercise training interventions is generally inconsistent, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the attention to principles of RT progression and variables of RT exercise prescription in workplace-related RT interventions.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in the databases LIVIVO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (2000–2020). Controlled trials with apparently healthy “employees” and a main focus on RT were included. RT principles and variables were extracted and rated by two reviewers (reported, not reported, or unclear). Sum scores for each RT intervention and percentages regarding each principle and variable were calculated.ResultsOverall, 21 articles were included (18 primary studies, 3 protocols). Summarized narratively, the interventions showed different positive effects on strength- or performance-related and/or health- or complaint-related outcomes. The reporting of the RT principles and variables was varied [progressive overload: 94% of the studies, specificity: 78%, variation (periodization): 39%, muscle action: 94%, loading: 94%, volume; 67%, exercise selection: 89%, exercise order: 47%, rest periods between sets: 33%, rest periods between exercises: 27%, repetition velocity: 44%, and frequency: 100%].ConclusionSeveral key RT principles and variables were reported inconsistently, reducing reproducibility and pointing to the need for standardized RT intervention reporting in workplace-related interventions. Exercise science and workplace promotion should be further linked, since accurate reporting is a prerequisite for transferring robust findings into practice.
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The elixir of muscle activity and kinesiology in a health perspective: Evidence of worksite tailored exercise training alleviating muscle disorders. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 61:102600. [PMID: 34563760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is known to benefit health while muscle activation and movements performed during occupational work in contrast may result in work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, we posed the research question: which mode of muscle activation may result in a reversal of work-related disorders? To address this, we performed electromyographic (EMG) and kinematic assessments of workers with diverse exposure categories: sedentary monotonous work, prolonged walking/standing, and physically heavy work. The various job-specific exposure variables could be categorized in terms of duration, intensity, repetition, static component, peak force etc. that were subsequently identified as risk factors. Based on sports science principles we developed tailored exercise programs to counteract job exposure. EMG activity during exercise training was monitored to identify principal differences between exercise training and job patterns. Evidence from more than 20 RCT studies including >4000 workers showed positive effects such as decreased muscle pain and increased workability. Finally, we identified plausible underlying mechanisms in muscle tissue - human and animal - that confirmed metabolic, morphological, and hormonal changes with e.g. repetitive work that were reversal to adaptations reported with exercise training. Progress has been made in developing intelligent physical exercise training, IPET, as the best complementary activity to job exposure and includes muscle activations and movements that limit work-related inactivity atrophy as well as overload injury.
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Jun D, Johnston V, McPhail SM, O'Leary S. A Longitudinal Evaluation of Risk Factors and Interactions for the Development of Nonspecific Neck Pain in Office Workers in Two Cultures. HUMAN FACTORS 2021; 63:663-683. [PMID: 32119582 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820904231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for the development of interfering neck pain in office workers including an examination of the interaction effects between potential risk factors. BACKGROUND The 1-year incidence of neck pain in office workers is reported as the highest of all occupations. Identifying risk factors for the development of neck pain in office workers is therefore a priority to direct prevention strategies. METHODS Participants included 214 office workers without neck pain from two cultures. A battery of measures evaluating potential individual and workplace risk factors were administered at baseline, and the incidence of interfering neck pain assessed monthly for 12 months. Survival analysis was used to identify relationships between risk factors and the development of interfering neck pain. RESULTS One-year incidence was 1.93 (95% CI [1.41, 2.64]) per 100 person months. Factors increasing the risk of developing interfering neck pain were older age, female gender, increased sitting hours, higher job strain, and stress. A neutral thorax sitting posture, greater cervical range of motion and muscle endurance, and higher physical activity were associated with a decreased risk of neck pain. The effects of some risk factors on the development of neck pain were moderated by the workers' coping resources. CONCLUSION Multiple risk factors and interactions may explain the development of neck pain in office workers. Therefore, plans for preventing the development of interfering neck pain in office workers should consider multiple individual and work-related factors with some factors being potentially more modifiable than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokhoon Jun
- 1974 The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Steven M McPhail
- 1969 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shaun O'Leary
- 1974 The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Australia
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Villanueva A, Rabal-Pelay J, Berzosa C, Gutiérrez H, Cimarras-Otal C, Lacarcel-Tejero B, Bataller-Cervero AV. Effect of a Long Exercise Program in the Reduction of Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239042. [PMID: 33291564 PMCID: PMC7729612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a six week exercise program to reduce the muscle tone of the trapezius and musculoskeletal discomfort (MED) of office workers. Twenty-six workers performed an exercise program based on: (1) stretching of cervical and/or dorsal region; (2) joint mobility of shoulders and rachis; (3) strengthening deep stabilizer and core muscles; and (4) scapula stabilizing exercises. A Myoton device was used to evaluate trapezius tone and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was used to assess changes in MED at three points of evaluation: at the beginning (Pre_1) and at the end of the workday (Post_1), and after the training program (Pre_2). The Wilcoxon test and Cohen’s d were performed to examine differences and effect sizes between evaluations. Main results show that trapezius tone remained constant during the workday, but decreased in the dominant upper trapezius (p = 0.003, ES = −0.60) and increased in the non-dominant middle trapezius (p = 0.016, ES = 0.45) after the exercise program, which eliminated significant muscle asymmetries. MED significantly decreased in the neck (p = 0.027, ES = −0.60) and upper back (p = 0.046, ES = −0.67). In conclusion, MED appears to improve in office workers after a six week training program, which may be explained by a decrease in trapezius tone and increase in the left middle trapezius tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Villanueva
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza - Huesca, Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.V.); (J.R.-P.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.C.-O.)
| | - Juan Rabal-Pelay
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza - Huesca, Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.V.); (J.R.-P.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.C.-O.)
| | - César Berzosa
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza - Huesca, Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.V.); (J.R.-P.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.C.-O.)
| | - Héctor Gutiérrez
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza - Huesca, Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.V.); (J.R.-P.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.C.-O.)
| | - Cristina Cimarras-Otal
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza - Huesca, Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.V.); (J.R.-P.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.C.-O.)
| | | | - A. Vanessa Bataller-Cervero
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza - Huesca, Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.V.); (J.R.-P.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.C.-O.)
- Correspondence:
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Guerreiro MM, Serranheira F, Cruz EB, Sousa-Uva A. Self-Reported Variables as Determinants of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Assembly Line Workers. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:491-499. [PMID: 33329916 PMCID: PMC7728709 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assembly lines work is frequently associated to work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. The related disability and absenteeism make it important to implement efficient health surveillance systems. The main objective of this study was to identify self-reported variables that can determine work-related upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms-discomfort/pain-during a 6-month follow-up. METHODS This was a prospective study with a 6-month follow-up period, performed in an assembly line. Upper limb musculoskeletal discomfort/pain was assessed through the presence of self-reported symptoms. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate which self-reported variables were associated to upper limb symptoms after 6 months at the present and to upper limbs symptoms in the past month. RESULTS Of the 200 workers at baseline, 145 replied to the survey after 6 months. For both outcomes, "having upper limb symptoms during the previous 6 months" and "education" were possible predictors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that having previous upper limb symptoms was related to its maintenance after 6 months, sustaining it as a specific determinant. It can be a hypothesis that this population had mainly workers with chronic symptoms, although our results give only limited support to self-reported indicators as determinants for upper limb symptoms. Nevertheless, the development of an efficient health surveillance system for high demanding jobs should implicate self-reported indicators, but also clinical and work conditions assessment should be accounted on the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M. Guerreiro
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Occupational Health and Environmental Health Department, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Florentino Serranheira
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo B. Cruz
- School of Health Care, Department of Physiotherapy, Setubal, Portugal
| | - António Sousa-Uva
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
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Karatrantou K, Gerodimos V, Manouras N, Vasilopoulou T, Melissopoulou A, Mesiakaris AF, Theodorakis Y. Health-Promoting Effects of a Concurrent Workplace Training Program in Inactive Office Workers (HealPWorkers): A Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:376-386. [PMID: 31950855 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119899781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has examined the health-promoting effects of a daily supervised concurrent workplace training program in inactive office workers. The main objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 6-month workplace training program on health indices, musculoskeletal pains, functional capacity, and physical fitness in office workers. DESIGN Randomized controlled study. SETTING Four workplaces in the Region of Thessaly, Greece. PARTICIPANTS A total of 36 office workers (≥6 hours/d, 5 days/wk) were randomly assigned to either a training group (TG; n = 18) or a control group (CG; n = 18). INTERVENTION The TG participated, every working day, in a 6-month supervised concurrent (flexibility, strength, balance, aerobic) training program (120 training sessions, 2 workouts/d of 15-20 minutes) that was implemented, in small groups, at the workplace during the work shift. The CG did not participate in any training. MEASURES Health indices (body composition, blood pressure, respiratory function), musculoskeletal pains, functional capacity (flexibility, balance), and physical fitness (maximal strength, cardiorespiratory fitness) were measured before and after the completion of the program. After the completion of the program, participants' enjoyment was assessed. ANALYSIS Two-way analysis of variance (group × time) with repeated measures on the "time" factor. RESULTS The statistical power, for all parameters, ranged from 0.85 to 0.94. Training group significantly increased lean body mass (3.81%); respiratory function (4.20%-4.53%); cervical, handgrip, back, and leg maximal strength (8.75%-26.55%); and functional capacity (19.71%-188.20%; P < .001-.01; Cohen's effect size: 0.80-7.21), while significant reductions were observed on body fat (7.58%), blood pressure (4.99%-8.05%), heart rate (12.80%), and musculoskeletal pains (33.33%-100%; P < .001; Cohen's effect size: 0.81-6.21). In CG, all the above variables did not change. Furthermore, a great percentage of workers (94.4%) reported high levels of enjoyment. CONCLUSION The program "HealPWorkers" is an enjoyable exercise modality that may be safely and effectively used, to work settings, for the improvement of worker's health, overall fitness, and functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karatrantou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Manouras
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Theodora Vasilopoulou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Anastasia Melissopoulou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Yiannis Theodorakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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Garne-Dalgaard A, Mann S, Bredahl TVG, Stochkendahl MJ. Implementation strategies, and barriers and facilitators for implementation of physical activity at work: a scoping review. Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:48. [PMID: 31624537 PMCID: PMC6784342 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-019-0268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inactivity and sedentary lifestyle have led experts to recommend an increase in structured, workplace-based physical activity (PA) initiatives. Previous studies on workplace-based PA have only shown moderate and short-term effects. This has been attributed to the lack of clear implementation strategies and understanding of factors that may hinder or enable uptake of PA. To ensure long-term, sustainable outcomes, there is a need for a better understanding of implementation strategies, and barriers and facilitators to workplace-based PA. Method A scoping review of studies investigating implementation approaches and factors affecting uptake of workplace-based PA was conducted. Qualitative and quantitative articles published in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, or PsycINFO between 2008 and 2018 evaluating the implementation of PA were included. Data on study characteristics, evaluation, and implementation methods applied were systematically extracted. Two reviewers extracted, coded, and organised factors affecting uptake using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Results After dual, blinded screening of titles and abstracts, 16 articles reporting on eight studies were included in the review. Several different methods of implementation were applied, including information meeting, kick-off events, and "change agents" as the most common. A total of 109 factors influencing implementation were identified, consisting of 57 barriers and 52 facilitators. Barriers most often related to the TDF domains Environmental Context and Resources (n = 34, 36.2%), Social influences (n = 13, 13.8%), and Social/Professional Role and Identity (n = 8, 8.5%). Likewise, facilitators most often related to the TDF domains Social influences (n = 17, 19.5%), Environmental Context and Resources (n = 16, 18.4%), and Social/Professional Role and Identity (n = 9, 10.3%). Conclusion Our review has highlighted the multilevel factors affecting the uptake of workplace-based PA and underpins the complexities in implementation of such initiatives. The published literature predominantly provides details from the employees' perspectives on factors that need to be addressed and a lack of attention to these factors will cause them to hamper uptake of PA. The analysis of barriers and facilitators provides a theoretical foundation to guide future intervention design. However, further research is needed to fully understand the success or failure of implementation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Garne-Dalgaard
- 1Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,2Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Mann
- 1Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Jensen Stochkendahl
- 1Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,2Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark
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Modifiable individual and work-related factors associated with neck pain in 740 office workers: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Phys Ther 2018; 22:318-327. [PMID: 29606511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Office workers have the highest incidence of neck pain of all occupations. However, the relationship between symptoms and the risk factors is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between self-reported neck pain with a comprehensive range of individual and work-related risk factors. METHODS This study utilised a cross-sectional study design. Office workers with and without neck pain (n=763) were recruited. Participants completed a survey which included a Pain Numerical Rating Scale (dependent variable), and measures of independent variables including demographic, individual, work-related factors, neck/shoulder muscle strength, endurance, and range of motion (ROM). The relationships between the independent and dependent variables were analysed in a logistic regression model. RESULTS Neck pain was significantly associated with more senior occupational categories, working more than six hours per day on the computer, female sex, greater fear avoidance beliefs for work, greater psychological distress, and reduced cervical flexion ROM. The low severity of neck pain of the participants in this study may limit a robust determination of their association with the risk factor variables, but the studied sample is a realistic representation of the office worker population. CONCLUSION Several potentially modifiable individual and work-related factors were identified to be associated with the presence of self-reported neck pain in office workers. Future studies will be needed to investigate whether strategies to alter these modifiable risk factors translate to changes in neck pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12612001154897 (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=363209).
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Intelligent Physical Exercise Training in a Workplace Setting Improves Muscle Strength and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7914134. [PMID: 28848766 PMCID: PMC5564061 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7914134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess effects of 1-year Intelligent Physical Exercise Training (IPET) on musculoskeletal health. Methods Office workers were randomized 1 : 1 to a training group, TG (N = 193), or a control group, CG (N = 194). TG received 1 h supervised high intensity IPET every week within working hours for 1 year and was recommended to perform 30 min of moderate intensity physical activity for 6 days a week during leisure. The IPET program was based on baseline health measures. Results No baseline differences were present. An intention-to-treat analysis showed significant between-group effect for muscle strength but not for musculoskeletal pain. However, a per-protocol analysis of those with an adherence of ≥70% demonstrated a significant between-group effect for neck pain during the past three months. Several significant within-group changes were present, where TG and TG ≥ 70% demonstrated clinically relevant pain reductions whereas minimal reductions were seen for CG. Conclusion IPET and recommendations of moderate intensity physical activity demonstrated significant between-group effect on muscle strength. Interestingly, significant within-group reductions in musculoskeletal pain were seen not only in TG but also in CG. This may underlie the lack of such between-group effect and shows that a possible positive side effect of merely drawing attention can improve musculoskeletal health.
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Iversen VM, Vasseljen O, Mork PJ, Berthelsen IR, Børke JBB, Berheussen GF, Tveter AT, Salvesen Ø, Fimland MS. Resistance training in addition to multidisciplinary rehabilitation for patients with chronic pain in the low back: Study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2017; 6:115-121. [PMID: 29740641 PMCID: PMC5936860 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem worldwide. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation and exercise is recommended for the management of chronic LBP. However, there is a need to investigate effective exercise interventions that is available in clinics and as home-based training on a large scale. This article presents the design and rationale of the first randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of progressive resistance training with elastic bands in addition to multidisciplinary rehabilitation for patients with moderate to severe chronic LBP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We aim to enroll 100 patients with chronic LBP referred to a specialized outpatient hospital clinic in Norway. Participants will be randomized equally to either; a) 3 tion including whole-body progressive resistance training using elastic bands - followed by home-based progressive resistance training for 9 weeks, or b) 3 weeks of multidisciplinary rehabilitation including general physical exercise - followed by home-based general physical exercise for 9 weeks. Questionnaires and strength tests will be collected at baseline, weeks 3 and 12, and at 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome is between-group changes in pain-related disability at week 12 assessed by the Oswestry disability index. Secondary outcomes include pain, work ability, work status, mental health, health-related quality of life, global rating of change, general health, and muscular strength and pain-related disability up to 12 months of follow-up. DISCUSSION This study will provide valuable information for clinicians working with patients with chronic LBP. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02420236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Moe Iversen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar Vasseljen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida Reitan Berthelsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Janne-Birgitte Bloch Børke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gro Falkener Berheussen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Therese Tveter
- Section of Research, Orthopedic Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Abdelhameed AA, Abdel-aziem AA. Exercise training and postural correction improve upper extremity symptoms among touchscreen smartphone users. Hong Kong Physiother J 2016; 35:37-44. [PMID: 30931032 PMCID: PMC6385141 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkpj.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive movements and poor posture are associated with over-use of smartphones when texting or playing games and significantly contribute to the symptoms of pain and discomfort in the upper extremities. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of exercise training and postural correction on disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH), hand grip and key pinch strength among smartphone users. METHODS One hundred university students were randomly divided into two groups; the experimental group participated in a 12-week programme of exercise training and postural corrections. The control group were instructed to follow their usual routine for smartphone utilization. Measurements of DASH scores, hand grip strength, and key pinch grip strength were conducted before and after 12 weeks for both groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the start values of both groups for DASH scores, hand grip strength, and key pinch strength (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant improvement in all outcomes measured in the experimental group (p < 0.05), with significant changes in the outcomes of the control group. CONCLUSION Postural correction combined with a selected exercise training programme improved the hand grip, key pinch grip strength, and upper extremity disability and symptoms associated with smartphone use among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed Abdelhameed
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Jay K, Friborg MK, Sjøgaard G, Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Brandt M, Andersen LL. The Consequence of Combined Pain and Stress on Work Ability in Female Laboratory Technicians: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:15834-42. [PMID: 26690466 PMCID: PMC4690960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121215024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain and stress-related disorders are leading causes of impaired work ability, sickness absences and disability pensions. However, knowledge about the combined detrimental effect of pain and stress on work ability is lacking. This study investigates the association between pain in the neck-shoulders, perceived stress, and work ability. In a cross-sectional survey at a large pharmaceutical company in Denmark 473 female laboratory technicians replied to questions about stress (Perceived Stress Scale), musculoskeletal pain intensity (scale 0-10) of the neck and shoulders, and work ability (Work Ability Index). General linear models tested the association between variables. In the multi-adjusted model, stress (p < 0.001) and pain (p < 0.001) had independent main effects on the work ability index score, and there was no significant stress by pain interaction (p = 0.32). Work ability decreased gradually with both increased stress and pain. Workers with low stress and low pain had the highest Work Ability Index score (44.6 (95% CI 43.9-45.3)) and workers with high stress and high pain had the lowest score (32.7 (95% CI 30.6-34.9)). This cross-sectional study indicates that increased stress and musculoskeletal pain are independently associated with lower work ability in female laboratory technicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Jay
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Institute for Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | | | - Gisela Sjøgaard
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Institute for Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.
| | - Markus Due Jakobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Emil Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel Brandt
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
- Physical Activity and Human Performance group, SMI Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark.
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
- Physical Activity and Human Performance group, SMI Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark.
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Van Eerd D, Munhall C, Irvin E, Rempel D, Brewer S, van der Beek AJ, Dennerlein JT, Tullar J, Skivington K, Pinion C, Amick B. Effectiveness of workplace interventions in the prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms: an update of the evidence. Occup Environ Med 2015; 73:62-70. [PMID: 26552695 PMCID: PMC4717459 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The burden of disabling musculoskeletal pain and injuries (musculoskeletal disorders, MSDs) arising from work-related causes in many workplaces remains substantial. There is little consensus on the most appropriate interventions for MSDs. Our objective was to update a systematic review of workplace-based interventions for preventing and managing upper extremity MSD (UEMSD). We followed a systematic review process developed by the Institute for Work & Health and an adapted best evidence synthesis. 6 electronic databases were searched (January 2008 until April 2013 inclusive) yielding 9909 non-duplicate references. 26 high-quality and medium-quality studies relevant to our research question were combined with 35 from the original review to synthesise the evidence on 30 different intervention categories. There was strong evidence for one intervention category, resistance training, leading to the recommendation: Implementing a workplace-based resistance training exercise programme can help prevent and manage UEMSD and symptoms. The synthesis also revealed moderate evidence for stretching programmes, mouse use feedback and forearm supports in preventing UEMSD or symptoms. There was also moderate evidence for no benefit for EMG biofeedback, job stress management training, and office workstation adjustment for UEMSD and symptoms. Messages are proposed for both these and other intervention categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Van Eerd
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Munhall
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Irvin
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Rempel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Richmond, California, USA
| | - S Brewer
- CB&I, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
| | - A J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J T Dennerlein
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Tullar
- School of Public Health, Institute for Health Policy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - K Skivington
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Pinion
- CB&I, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
| | - B Amick
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, Florida, USA
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Does training frequency and supervision affect compliance, performance and muscular health? A cluster randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:657-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kunene SH, Taukobong NP. Level of physical activity of health professionals in a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2015; 71:234. [PMID: 30135872 PMCID: PMC6093129 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v71i1.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health professionals have a role to play in the promotion of physical activity in order to prevent the ever-increasing burden of diseases associated with physical inactivity. Determination of the level of physical activity amongst health professionals managing patients presenting with various lifestyle-related conditions is most pertinent. OBJECT The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the level of physical activity of health professionals at Estcourt Hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of 109 health professionals was conducted over a period of three consecutive weeks in 2012. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and other related data such as socio-demographic characteristics was used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to determine relationships between variables. An analysis guide was used to determine the level of physical activity with reference to the GPAQ guidelines recommended by the Word Health Organization using the metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes per week indicators. RESULTS The overall level of physical activity was: 31% of participants were high, with MET-minutes/week ≥ 3000; 29% were moderate, with MET-minutes/week ≥ 600; and 40% were low, with MET-minutes/week < 600. Although black women predominantly reported low levels of physical activity, age was found to be significantly related to the level of physical activity (p = 0.000, r = -0.637). CONCLUSION An intervention to promote physical activity amongst health professionals is essential to promote healthy living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyabonga H Kunene
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, South Africa
| | - Nomathemba P Taukobong
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU), South Africa
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Bredahl TVG, Særvoll CA, Kirkelund L, Sjøgaard G, Andersen LL. When Intervention Meets Organisation, a Qualitative Study of Motivation and Barriers to Physical Exercise at the Workplace. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:518561. [PMID: 26380361 PMCID: PMC4563103 DOI: 10.1155/2015/518561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive understanding of the motivational factors and barriers that are important for compliance with high-intensity workplace physical exercise that is aimed at reducing musculoskeletal disorders. METHOD The present study, which used semideductive, thematic, and structured in-depth interviews, was nested in a 20-week cluster randomised controlled trial among office workers. Interviews were conducted with 18 informants with diverse fields of sedentary office work who participated in strength training at the workplace for 20 minutes, three times per week. Organisational, implementational, and individual motives and barriers were explored. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The results show that attention should be given to the interaction between the management, the employees, and the intervention, as the main barrier to compliance was the internal working culture. The results emphasised the need for a clear connection between the management's implementational intentions and the actual implementation. The results emphasise the importance of ensuring the legitimacy of the intervention among managers, participants, and colleagues. Moreover, it is important to centrally organise, structure, and ensure flexibility in the working day to free time for participants to attend the intervention. Recommendations from this study suggest that a thorough intervention mapping process should be performed to analyse organisational and implementational factors before initiating workplace physical exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lasse Kirkelund
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Gisela Sjøgaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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Murray M, Lange B, Nørnberg BR, Søgaard K, Sjøgaard G. Specific exercise training for reducing neck and shoulder pain among military helicopter pilots and crew members: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:198. [PMID: 26286707 PMCID: PMC4544796 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flight-related neck/shoulder pain is frequent among military helicopter pilots and crew members. With a lifetime prevalence of 81% for pilots and 84% for crew members, the prevalence of neck pain is considered high compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a specifically tailored exercise intervention would reduce the prevalence and incidence rate of neck/shoulder pain among helicopter pilots and crew members. METHOD This study used a prospective, parallel group, single blinded, randomized controlled design. Participants were military helicopter pilots and crew members recruited from the Royal Danish Air Force. Inclusion criteria were: 1) employed within the Royal Danish Air Force as a helicopter pilot or onboard crew member (technician, systems-operator, tactical helicopter observer and/or navigator), 2) maintaining operational flight status at enrollment, and 3) operational flying within the previous 6 months. Primary outcome was change in neck and shoulder pain assessed by 1) a modified version of the "Standardized Nordic questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms" and by 2) pressure pain threshold measurements. Secondary outcomes included: postural balance, strength, stability, and rate of force development for neck and shoulder muscles. Measurements at baseline and follow-up were conducted at four air force bases in Denmark. Sixty-nine participants were individually randomized to either a training group (TG) or a reference group (RG). Participants in the TG performed 20-weeks of physical exercise training divided into sessions of 3 × 20 min per week. Training was completed within working hours and consisted of specific exercise training for the neck and shoulder muscles based on the principles of "Intelligent Physical Exercise Training". The RG received no training. DISCUSSION In spite of the high prevalence of flight related neck/shoulder pain among military helicopter pilots and crew members there are currently no evidence based guidelines for the prevention or clinical handling of neck pain among these occupational groups. Results from this study may therefore be beneficial for future establishment of such guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION Ethical committee of Southern Denmark (S-20120121) 29 August, 2012. Clinical Trail Registration (NCT01926262) 16 August, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Murray
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Britt Lange
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
| | | | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Gisela Sjøgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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18
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Gross A, Kay TM, Paquin J, Blanchette S, Lalonde P, Christie T, Dupont G, Graham N, Burnie SJ, Gelley G, Goldsmith CH, Forget M, Hoving JL, Brønfort G, Santaguida PL. Exercises for mechanical neck disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 1:CD004250. [PMID: 25629215 PMCID: PMC9508492 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004250.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck pain is common, disabling and costly. Exercise is one treatment approach. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of exercises to improve pain, disability, function, patient satisfaction, quality of life and global perceived effect in adults with neck pain. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, MANTIS, ClinicalTrials.gov and three other computerized databases up to between January and May 2014 plus additional sources (reference checking, citation searching, contact with authors). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing single therapeutic exercise with a control for adults suffering from neck pain with or without cervicogenic headache or radiculopathy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently conducted trial selection, data extraction, 'Risk of bias' assessment and clinical relevance. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Meta-analyses were performed for relative risk and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after judging clinical and statistical heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-seven trials (2485 analyzed /3005 randomized participants) met our inclusion criteria.For acute neck pain only, no evidence was found.For chronic neck pain, moderate quality evidence supports 1) cervico-scapulothoracic and upper extremity strength training to improve pain of a moderate to large amount immediately post treatment [pooled SMD (SMDp) -0.71 (95% CI: -1.33 to -0.10)] and at short-term follow-up; 2) scapulothoracic and upper extremity endurance training for slight beneficial effect on pain at immediate post treatment and short-term follow-up; 3) combined cervical, shoulder and scapulothoracic strengthening and stretching exercises varied from a small to large magnitude of beneficial effect on pain at immediate post treatment [SMDp -0.33 (95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10)] and up to long-term follow-up and a medium magnitude of effect improving function at both immediate post treatment and at short-term follow-up [SMDp -0.45 (95%CI: -0.72 to -0.18)]; 4) cervico-scapulothoracic strengthening/stabilization exercises to improve pain and function at intermediate term [SMDp -14.90 (95% CI:-22.40 to -7.39)]; 5) Mindfulness exercises (Qigong) minimally improved function but not global perceived effect at short term. Low evidence suggests 1) breathing exercises; 2) general fitness training; 3) stretching alone; and 4) feedback exercises combined with pattern synchronization may not change pain or function at immediate post treatment to short-term follow-up. Very low evidence suggests neuromuscular eye-neck co-ordination/proprioceptive exercises may improve pain and function at short-term follow-up.For chronic cervicogenic headache, moderate quality evidence supports static-dynamic cervico-scapulothoracic strengthening/endurance exercises including pressure biofeedback immediate post treatment and probably improves pain, function and global perceived effect at long-term follow-up. Low grade evidence supports sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAG) exercises.For acute radiculopathy, low quality evidence suggests a small benefit for pain reduction at immediate post treatment with cervical stretch/strengthening/stabilization exercises. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No high quality evidence was found, indicating that there is still uncertainty about the effectiveness of exercise for neck pain. Using specific strengthening exercises as a part of routine practice for chronic neck pain, cervicogenic headache and radiculopathy may be beneficial. Research showed the use of strengthening and endurance exercises for the cervico-scapulothoracic and shoulder may be beneficial in reducing pain and improving function. However, when only stretching exercises were used no beneficial effects may be expected. Future research should explore optimal dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gross
- McMaster UniversitySchool of Rehabilitation Science & Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics1400 Main Street WestHamiltonONCanadaL8S 1C7
| | - Theresa M Kay
- Women's College HospitalTorontoONCanada
- University of TorontoDepartment of Physical TherapyTorontoCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadine Graham
- McMaster UniversitySchool of Rehabilitation Science1200 Main Street WestHamiltonONCanada
| | - Stephen J Burnie
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeDepartment of Clinical Education6100 Leslie StreetTorontoONCanadaM2H 3J1
| | - Geoff Gelley
- University of ManitobaApplied Health Sciences500 University CentreWinnipegMBCanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Charles H Goldsmith
- Simon Fraser UniversityFaculty of Health SciencesBlossom Hall, Room 95108888 University DriveBurnabyBCCanadaV5A 1S6
| | - Mario Forget
- National Defence | Défense Nationale, Government of Canada | Gouvernement du CanadaCanadian Forces Health Services Group | Groupe de services de santé des Forces Canadiennes33 Canadian Forces Health Services Centre | 33ième Centre de services de santé des Forces CanadiennesKingstonONCanadaK7K 7B4
| | - Jan L Hoving
- Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamCoronel Institute of Occupational Health and Research Center for Insurance MedicinePO Box 22700AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DE
| | - Gert Brønfort
- University of MinnesotaIntegrative Health & Wellbeing Research Program, Center for Spirituality & Healing420 Delaware Street SE, MMC505MinneapolisMNUSA55455
| | - Pasqualina L Santaguida
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics1280 Main Street WestCourthouse T‐27 Building, Room 309HamiltonONCanadaL8S 4L8
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Kasumovic M, Gorcevic E, Gorcevic S, Osmanovic J. Cervical syndrome - the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions. Med Arch 2015; 67:414-7. [PMID: 25568511 PMCID: PMC4272455 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2013.67.414-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The cervical syndrome refers to a set of disorders caused by the changes in the cervical spine and the soft-tissue surrounding it, with pain as the predominant symptom. Sore neck has been a common problem among a large section of today`s population. The factors contributing to this issue include the modern lifestyle, prolonged sitting and incorrect, fixed or constrained working postures. The root of these difficulties is found in the mechanical disorders of the cervical spine structures, poor body posture and jerky body movements. In the Scandinavian countries neck pain is considered to be a public health problem. Methods: The study evaluated 25 patients with an established diagnosis of cervical syndrome. The research was conducted at the PI Institute of Occupational and Sports Medicine of Zenica–Doboj Canton. Each patient received twenty physical therapy treatment sessions. Results and conclusions: The study included 25 patients suffering from the cervical syndrome. The statistical analysis of gender distribution indicated that 36% of the patients were male, while 64% were female. The mean age of study participants was 46.76±4,23. The patients ranged in age from 39 to 54 years, with no statistically significant difference in the mean age of male and female patients, p=0.691. Analysing the types of occupational activities performed by the patients, the study found a positive relation between neck pain and prolonged sitting at work. The patients who performed office work made up 76% of the total number. Each method of physical therapy applied in the treatment of neck pain patients proved useful. However, the combination of electrotherapy, kinesiotherapy and manual massage proved to be most effective. Conclusion: The cervical syndrome is a common medical condition primarily affecting adult population, with prevalence being higher among women and office workers. The condition places a considerable socioeconomic burden on the afflicted. Cervical pain ranges greatly in severity – from moderate to unbearable, thus leading to high levels of work absence as well as to a decrease in the quality of life. Proper physical therapy program can help the patients with neck pain return to their normal everyday activities, improve their quality of life, as well as reduce the absence from work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersija Kasumovic
- PI Institute of Occupational and Sports Medicine of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emir Gorcevic
- Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Semir Gorcevic
- Medical Faculty of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasna Osmanovic
- Medical Faculty of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Sjøgaard G, Justesen JB, Murray M, Dalager T, Søgaard K. A conceptual model for worksite intelligent physical exercise training--IPET--intervention for decreasing life style health risk indicators among employees: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:652. [PMID: 24964869 PMCID: PMC4081016 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion at the work site in terms of physical activity has proven positive effects but optimization of relevant exercise training protocols and implementation for high adherence are still scanty. METHODS/DESIGN The aim of this paper is to present a study protocol with a conceptual model for planning the optimal individually tailored physical exercise training for each worker based on individual health check, existing guidelines and state of the art sports science training recommendations in the broad categories of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength in specific body parts, and functional training including balance training. The hypotheses of this research are that individually tailored worksite-based intelligent physical exercise training, IPET, among workers with inactive job categories will: 1) Improve cardiorespiratory fitness and/or individual health risk indicators, 2) Improve muscle strength and decrease musculoskeletal disorders, 3) Succeed in regular adherence to worksite and leisure physical activity training, and 3) Reduce sickness absence and productivity losses (presenteeism) in office workers. The present RCT study enrolled almost 400 employees with sedentary jobs in the private as well as public sectors. The training interventions last 2 years with measures at baseline as well as one and two years follow-up. DISCUSSION If proven effective, the intelligent physical exercise training scheduled as well as the information for its practical implementation can provide meaningful scientifically based information for public health policy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT01366950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Sjøgaard
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern University, Campusvej 55, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Just Bendix Justesen
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern University, Campusvej 55, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mike Murray
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern University, Campusvej 55, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Dalager
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern University, Campusvej 55, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern University, Campusvej 55, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Reliability of a simple physical therapist screening tool to assess errors during resistance exercises for musculoskeletal pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:961748. [PMID: 24738079 PMCID: PMC3971509 DOI: 10.1155/2014/961748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to investigate the intra- and intertester reliability of a simple screening tool assessing errors in exercise execution by visual observation. 38 participants with no previous resistance exercise experience practiced for two weeks four typical upper limb exercises using elastic tubing. At 2-week follow-up, the participants were invited for a test-retest assessment on errors in technical execution. The assessment was based on ordinal deviation of joint position from neutral of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in a single plane by visual observation. Moderate intratester reliability weighted kappa (wΚ) score ranging from 0.50 (0.21–0.71) to 0.57 (0.24–0.82) for observer 1 and a fair to moderate intratester reliability wΚ score ranging from 0.27 (0.09–0.43) to 0.52 (0.15–0.86) for observer 2 across the four exercises was observed. For intertester reliability moderate to substantial mean wΚ scores were found between the two observers, slightly improving from round one to round two ranging from 0.40 (0.20–0.59) to 0.68 (0.45–0.91) in round one to 0.52 (0.20–0.80) to 0.69 (0.39–0.86) in round two. The exercise error assessment demonstrated fair to substantial intratester and intertester reliability, which is congruent with previously published studies. Hence the simplicity of defining a neutral joint position for each of the involved joints in the exercise and categorizing the deviation in “some deviation” and “substantial deviation” to either side in a single plane is a viable and inexpensive solution when assessing for errors during exercise.
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Effect of training supervision on effectiveness of strength training for reducing neck/shoulder pain and headache in office workers: cluster randomized controlled trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:693013. [PMID: 24701581 PMCID: PMC3950429 DOI: 10.1155/2014/693013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effect of workplace neck/shoulder strength training with and without regular supervision on neck/shoulder pain and headache among office workers. Method. A 20-week cluster randomized controlled trial among 351 office workers was randomized into three groups: two training groups with the same total amount of planned exercises three times per week (1) with supervision (3WS) throughout the intervention period, (2) with minimal supervision (3MS) only initially, and (3) a reference group (REF). Main outcome is self-reported pain intensity in neck and shoulder (scale 0–9) and headache (scale 0–10). Results. Intention-to-treat analyses showed a significant decrease in neck pain intensity the last 7 days in 3MS compared with REF: −0.5 ± 0.2 (P < 0.02) and a tendency for 3WS versus REF: −0.4 ± 0.2 (P < 0.07). Intensity of headache the last month decreased in both training groups: 3WS versus REF: −1.1 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001) and 3MS versus REF: −1.1 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001). Additionally, days of headache decreased 1.0 ± 0.5 in 3WS and 1.3 ± 0.5 in 3MS versus REF. There were no differences between the two training groups for any of the variables. Conclusion. Neck/shoulder training at the workplace reduced neck pain and headache among office workers independently of the extent of supervision. This finding has important practical implications for future workplace interventions.
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Pedersen MT, Andersen CH, Zebis MK, Sjøgaard G, Andersen LL. Implementation of specific strength training among industrial laboratory technicians: long-term effects on back, neck and upper extremity pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:287. [PMID: 24106771 PMCID: PMC3851840 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown positive effects of physical exercise at the workplace on musculoskeletal disorders. However, long-term adherence remains a challenge. The present study evaluates long-term adherence and effects of a workplace strength training intervention on back, neck and upper extremity pain among laboratory technicians. METHODS Cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 537 industrial laboratory technicians. Subjects were randomized at the cluster level to one of two groups: training group 1 (TG1, n = 282) performing supervised strength training from February to June 2009 (round one) or training group 2 (TG2, n = 255) performing supervised strength training from August to December 2009 (round two). The outcome measures were changes in self-reported pain intensity (0-9) in the back, neck and upper extremity as well as Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH, 0-100). RESULTS Regular adherence, defined as at least one training session per week, was achieved by around 85% in both groups in the supervised training periods. In the intention-to-treat analyses there were significant group by time effects for pain in the neck, right shoulder, right hand and lower back and DASH-resulting in significant reductions in pain (mean 0.3 to 0.5) and DASH (mean 3.9) in the scheduled training group compared to the reference group. For TG1 there were no significant changes in pain in round two, i.e. they maintained the pain reduction achieved in round one. Subgroup analyses among those with severe pain (> = 3 on a scale of 0-9) showed a significant group by time effect for pain in the neck, right shoulder, upper back and lower back. For these subgroups the pain reduction in response to training ranged from 1.1 to 1.8. CONCLUSIONS Specific strength training at the workplace can lead to significant long-term reductions in spinal and upper extremity pain and DASH. The pain reductions achieved during the intensive training phase with supervision appears to be maintained a half year later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogens Theisen Pedersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Kay TM, Gross A, Goldsmith CH, Rutherford S, Voth S, Hoving JL, Brønfort G, Santaguida PL. Exercises for mechanical neck disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012:CD004250. [PMID: 22895940 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004250.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck disorders are common, disabling and costly. The effectiveness of exercise as a physiotherapy intervention remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To improve pain, disability, function, patient satisfaction, quality of life and global perceived effect in adults with neck pain. SEARCH METHODS Computerized searches were conducted up to February 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA We included single therapeutic exercise randomized controlled trials for adults with neck pain with or without cervicogenic headache or radiculopathy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently conducted selection, data extraction, 'Risk of bias' assessment, and clinical relevance. The quality of the body of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Relative risk and standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated. After judging clinical and statistical heterogeneity, we performed meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS Six of the 21 selected trials had low risk of bias. Moderate quality evidence shows that combined cervical, scapulothoracic stretching and strengthening are beneficial for pain relief post treatment (pooled SMD -0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.60, -0.10) and at intermediate follow-up (pooled SMD -0.31, 95% CI: -0.57, -0.06), and improved function short term and intermediate term (pooled SMD -0.45, 95% CI: -0.72, -0.18) for chronic neck pain. Moderate quality evidence demonstrates patients are very satisfied with their care when treated with therapeutic exercise. Low quality evidence shows exercise is of benefit for pain in the short term and for function up to long-term follow-up for chronic neck pain. Low to moderate quality evidence shows that chronic neck pain does not respond to upper extremity stretching and strengthening or a general exercise program.Low to moderate quality evidence supports self-mobilization, craniocervical endurance and low load cervical-scapular endurance exercises in reducing pain, improving function and global perceived effect in the long term for subacute/chronic cervicogenic headache. Low quality evidence supports neck strengthening exercise in acute cervical radiculopathy for pain relief in the short term. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Low to moderate quality evidence supports the use of specific cervical and scapular stretching and strengthening exercise for chronic neck pain immediately post treatment and intermediate term, and cervicogenic headaches in the long term. Low to moderate evidence suggests no benefit for some upper extremity stretching and strengthening exercises or a general exercise program. Future trials should consider using an exercise classification system to establish similarity between protocols and adequate sample sizes. Factorial trials would help determine the active treatment agent within a treatment regimen where a standardized representation of dosage is essential. Standardized reporting of adverse events is needed for balancing the likelihood of treatment benefits over potential harms.
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Andersen CH, Andersen LL, Gram B, Pedersen MT, Mortensen OS, Zebis MK, Sjøgaard G. Influence of frequency and duration of strength training for effective management of neck and shoulder pain: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46:1004-10. [PMID: 22753863 PMCID: PMC3596862 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific strength training can reduce neck and shoulder pain in office workers, but the optimal combination of exercise frequency and duration remains unknown. This study investigates how one weekly hour of strength training for the neck and shoulder muscles is most effectively distributed. METHODS A total of 447 office workers with and without neck and/or shoulder pain were randomly allocated at the cluster-level to one of four groups; 1×60 (1WS), 3×20 (3WS) or 9×7 (9WS) min a week of supervised high-intensity strength training for 20 weeks, or to a reference group without training (REF). Primary outcome was self-reported neck and shoulder pain (scale 0-9) and secondary outcome work disability (Disability in Arms, Shoulders and Hands (DASH)). RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis showed reduced neck and right shoulder pain in the training groups after 20 weeks compared with REF. Among those with pain ≥3 at baseline (n=256), all three training groups achieved significant reduction in neck pain compared with REF (p<0.01). From a baseline pain rating of 3.2 (SD 2.3) in the neck among neck cases, 1WS experienced a reduction of 1.14 (95% CI 0.17 to 2.10), 3WS 1.88 (0.90 to 2.87) and 9WS 1.35 (0.24 to 2.46) which is considered clinically significant. DASH was reduced in 1WS and 3WS only. CONCLUSION One hour of specific strength training effectively reduced neck and shoulder pain in office workers. Although the three contrasting training groups showed no statistical differences in neck pain reduction, only 1WS and 3WS reduced DASH. This study suggests some flexibility regarding time-wise distribution when implementing specific strength training at the workplace.
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